Create bootable ubuntu usb drive windows

Ubuntu is an open source software operating system that runs from the desktop, to the cloud, to all your internet connected things.

1. Overview

With a bootable Ubuntu USB stick, you can:

  • Install or upgrade Ubuntu
  • Test out the Ubuntu desktop experience without touching your PC configuration
  • Boot into Ubuntu on a borrowed machine or from an internet cafe
  • Use tools installed by default on the USB stick to repair or fix a broken configuration

This tutorial will show you how to create a bootable USB stick on Microsoft Windows using Rufus.

For most users we recommend balenaEtcher instead of Rufus which is simpler to use and also available on MacOS and Ubuntu. Instructions are now included in the primary Install Ubuntu Desktop tutorial.

Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB stick from Microsoft Windows is very simple and we’re going to cover the process in the next few steps.

Alternatively, we also have tutorials to help you create a bootable USB stick from both Ubuntu and Apple macOS.

image


2. Requirements

You will need:

  • A 4GB or larger USB stick/flash drive
  • Microsoft Windows XP or later
  • Rufus, a free and open source USB stick writing tool
  • An Ubuntu ISO file. See Get Ubuntu for download links

ubuntu-download-18_04_1

Take note of where your browser saves downloads: this is normally a directory called ‘Downloads’ on your Windows PC. Don’t download the ISO image directly to the USB stick! If using Windows XP or Vista, download version 2.18 of Rufus.


3. USB selection

Perform the following to configure your USB device in Rufus:

  1. Launch Rufus
  2. Insert your USB stick
  3. Rufus will update to set the device within the Device field
  4. If the Device selected is incorrect (perhaps you have multiple USB storage devices), select the correct one from the device field’s drop-down menu

ubuntu-rufus-00

You can avoid the hassle of selecting from a list of USB devices by ensuring no other devices are connected.


4. Select the Ubuntu ISO file

To select the Ubuntu ISO file you downloaded previously, click the SELECT to the right of “Boot selection”. If this is the only ISO file present in the Downloads folder you will only see one file listed.

Select the appropriate ISO file and click on Open.

ubuntu-rufus-01


5. Write the ISO

The Volume label will be updated to reflect the ISO selected.

Leave all other parameters with their default values and click START to initiate the write process.

ubuntu-rufus-02


6. Additional downloads

You may be alerted that Rufus requires additional files to complete writing the ISO. If this dialog box appears, select Yes to continue.

windows-rufus3-additional-downloads


7. Write warnings

You will then be alerted that Rufus has detected that the Ubuntu ISO is an ISOHybrid image. This means the same image file can be used as the source for both a DVD and a USB stick without requiring conversion.

Keep Write in ISO Image mode selected and click on OK to continue.

ubuntu-rufus-03

Rufus will also warn you that all data on your selected USB device is about to be destroyed. This is a good moment to double check you’ve selected the correct device before clicking OK when you’re confident you have.

ubuntu-rufus-04

If your USB stick contains multiple partitions Rufus will warn you in a separate pane that these will also be destroyed.


8. Writing the ISO

The ISO will now be written to your USB stick, and the progress bar in Rufus will give you some indication of where you are in the process. With a reasonably modern machine, this should take around 10 minutes. Total elapsed time is shown in the lower right corner of the Rufus window.

ubuntu-rufus-05


9. Installation complete

When Rufus has finished writing the USB device, the Status bar will be filled green and the word READY will appear in the center. Select CLOSE to complete the write process.

ubuntu-rufus-06

Congratulations! You now have Ubuntu on a USB stick, bootable and ready to go.

To use it you need to insert the stick into your target PC or laptop and reboot the device. It should recognise the installation media automatically during startup but you may need to hold down a specific key (usually F12) to bring up the boot menu and choose to boot from USB.

For a full walkthrough of installing Ubuntu, take a look at our install Ubuntu desktop tutorial.

Finding help

If you get stuck, help is always at hand:

  • Ask Ubuntu
  • Ubuntu Forums
  • IRC-based support

Was this tutorial useful?

Thank you for your feedback.


Contents

  1. Outline
  2. Introduction
  3. Prerequisites

    1. Dummy headlines

      1. Notes about speed
      2. Notes about size
      3. Notes about bootability
      4. The flash hardware
  4. Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from Windows

    1. Rufus

      1. balenaEtcher
      2. Pendrivelinux’s Universal USB Installer
      3. UNetbootin
      4. Win32 Disk Imager
  5. Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from Ubuntu

    1. Install and run Startup Disk Creator alias usb-creator

      1. UNetbootin
      2. mkusb — dd image of iso file to USB device safely
  6. Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from Mac OSX
  7. UEFI

    1. Test if running in UEFI mode

      1. Boot and install
      2. Stable portable systems — good for USB sticks
      3. Creating an EFI-only image
      4. Ubuntu single boot in UEFI mode
  8. Alternative methods

    1. ‘Do it yourself’

      1. Portable installed system booting from UEFI and BIOS
      2. Multiboot pendrives
      3. Booting ISO files on internal drive
      4. Booting USB drives with grub2 and iso files ‘grub-n-iso’
  9. Booting the Computer from USB

    1. Boot menu
    2. Edit the BIOS settings
    3. Select ‘hard disk/USB-HDD0’

      1. Chainloading
      2. PLoP Boot Manager
      3. Flow chart for trouble-shooting
  10. Known Issues
  11. Postrequisites — restore the USB stick

      1. gparted
      2. Disks
      3. mkusb
  12. See also

Outline

The general procedure to install Ubuntu (or Ubuntu flavour, Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, …) from a USB flash drive is:

  • Get the correct Ubuntu installation file, ‘the iso file’, via this link or Ubuntu flavour via this link. Download the iso file into your running computer (for example into the directory Downloads in the internal drive, not into the USB flash drive that you want to make into a USB boot drive).

  • Check with md5sum (or another checksum tool) that the download was good.

  • Put Ubuntu onto your USB flash drive alias ‘stick’ alias ‘pendrive’ alias ‘thumb’. Tools for this purpose are described in this help page.
  • Configure your computer to boot from USB flash drive and boot from it.
  • Try Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, …) before installing it.

  • Install Ubuntu to your internal drive (hard disk drive or solid state drive or external drive).

See also: Installation/FromUSBStickQuick for beginners starting from Windows.

Introduction

Ubuntu can be installed from a USB flash drive. This may be necessary for most new portable computers without DVD drives and is handy for others because a USB flash drive is so convenient. Also, you can configure Ubuntu on the USB flash drive to save changes you make, unlike a read-only CD/DVD disk.

Booting from a USB flash drive created with usb-creator alias Startup Disk Creator and mkusb will behave just as if you had booted from the install CD. It will show the language selection and then the install menu, from which you can install Ubuntu onto the computer’s hard drive or launch the LiveCD environment. Other utilities, e.g. UNetbootin, may create slightly different boot drives or if on UEFI might not work at all with Debian iso files due to a bug

Note: This article uses the term «USB flash drive» alongside USB stick, USB drive, USB device, USB pendrive and thumb drive.

Prerequisites

To create a USB installation device, you will need:

  • a 4 GB USB flash device/drive/stick. If the iso file is smaller than 2 GB, it is possible to use a 2 GB USB device, at least with some of the methods. Files on this USB device will be erased, so backup the files you want to keep before making the device bootable. Some of the tools require that this USB device is properly formatted and mounted while other tools will overwrite whatever is on the target device. Please follow the instructions for each tool.

  • an Ubuntu flavour ISO file downloaded from an official web page, ubuntu.com/download or http://releases.ubuntu.com, stored in your running computer (for example in the directory Downloads in the internal drive, not in the USB flash drive that you want to make into a USB boot drive).

  • Check with md5sum (or another checksum tool) that the download was good. In Linux there is the tool ‘md5sum’. In Windows you can do it with Rufus: click on the circle with a tick mark (more about Rufus here.)

Dummy headlines

After a major remake of this help page the following headlines are kept here because they may be linked to from other web sites. Several other headlines further down in the page are also kept for this reason.

Notes about speed

Notes about size

Notes about bootability

The flash hardware

There is a detailed description at the sub-page /pre

Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from Windows

There are various methods available for Windows to create a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive.

NEVER try to use one of your hard disk drives or partitions in this process unless you really know what you are doing, as data will get erased.

Rufus

Rufus is the tool in Windows that is recommended officially by Ubuntu. A tutorial is available from here.

Download Rufus.

balenaEtcher

Download balenaEtcher

Pendrivelinux’s Universal USB Installer

Download Universal USB Installer

UNetbootin

Download UNetbootin

Win32 Disk Imager

Download Win32 Disk Imager

There is a detailed description at /fromWindows including Rufus, balena Etcher, Universal USB Installer, Unetbootin and Win32 Disk Imager.

Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from Ubuntu

Install and run Startup Disk Creator alias usb-creator

  • The Ubuntu Startup Disk Creator is dedicated to creating USB boot drives for Ubuntu and Ubuntu family flavours (Kubuntu, Lubuntu … Xubuntu).

  • Use another tool (e.g. ‘UNetbootin’ or ‘mkusb’), if you want to create a USB boot drive with another Linux distro (alias Linux operating system).

You can find usb-creator-gtk by typing «Startup Disk Creator» (Ubuntu Desktop) or usb-creator-kde in K-Menu—>Applications—>System—>Startup Disk Creator (Kubuntu). If it is not there, then you can install it using the Ubuntu Software Center.

  • Insert and mount the USB drive. Inserting the USB drive should auto-mount it.
  • Start the Startup Disk Creator
  • In the top pane of the Startup Disk Creator, pick the .iso file that you downloaded.
  • If the .iso file isn’t listed, click «Other» to locate and select the .iso file that you downloaded.
  • In the bottom pane of the Startup Disk Creator, pick the target device, the USB flash drive. If more than one choice, please check carefully, until you are sure that you will be writing to the correct device.
  • After checking that you are pointing to the correct target device, the USB flash drive, you can start the action.
  • You must enter a password because this is a risky operation. Use the password of the current user ID (the same as for login and running tasks with ‘sudo’. Password is not required when installing from a ‘live’ system (booted from a DVD disk or another USB flash drive).

The Startup Disk Creator clones the iso file, which means that you need neither erase nor format the target drive. It will be completely overwritten anyway by the cloning process. The Startup Disk Creator looks like this in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS:

Screenshots: Startup Disk Creator — to SSD or pendrive

Notes

  • NEVER try to use one of your hard disk drives or SSDs or partitions in this process unless you really know what you are doing, as data will get erased.

  • There are bugs that affect the Ubuntu Startup Disk Creator, when you run it in old Ubuntu versions in BIOS mode and try to create USB boot drives with other versions. In the Ubuntu Startup Disk Creator version 0.3.2 in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, these bugs are no longer a problem, so you can install any version of the Ubuntu flavours from 16.04 LTS and newer versions.

UNetbootin

  • Download UNetbootin

  • UNetbootin works in and with most Linux distros.
  • It is an extracting tool (not a cloning tool).
  • It can make a persistence file up to 4GB in size to save data and defaults.

mkusb — dd image of iso file to USB device safely

  • Install mkusb via PPA

  • If you want to clone from a general image file to a drive, you can use mkusb. It lets you clone to any drive that is not busy, also an internal drive, and there are very obvious warnings to prevent mistakes.

  • mkusb can also
    • run in Debian and many linux distros that are similar to Ubuntu and Debian,
    • clone from iso files of most Linux distros to create USB boot drives,
    • create persistent live drives of the Ubuntu family and Debian, using all available drive space for persistence and/or data storage,
    • restore a USB boot drive to a standard storage device.

There is a detailed description at /fromUbuntu including the Startup Disk Creator, UNetbootin and mkusb.

Creating a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from Mac OSX

See How to install Ubuntu on MacBook using USB flash drive and this Ubuntu Forum thread by Quackers

UEFI

There is a good wiki page about booting with UEFI, and a good tutorial thread, UEFI Installing — Tips.

Test if running in UEFI mode

You may want to test if your Ubuntu flavour is running in [U]EFI mode. An installed system and a live system too is using the directory /sys/firmware/efi, so you can run the following command line,

test -d /sys/firmware/efi && echo efi || echo bios

The following command line is more robust and also easier to understand, so you may prefer it (if you copy & paste and are not bothered by typing a long command line),

if test -d /sys/firmware/efi; then echo efi; else echo bios; fi

Boot and install

Stable portable systems — good for USB sticks

Creating an EFI-only image

Ubuntu single boot in UEFI mode

There are more details at the sub-page /uefi

Alternative methods

‘Do it yourself’

When the boot structure is modified in Ubuntu or the booting software, there can be problems until the extracting tools are modified to manage the modification. It is worthwhile to find a method that is as simple as possible and to learn how to use it in order to manage the extraction also when the boot structure is modified.

  • For an UEFI only boot flash drive you need no installer
  • Make the drive boot both in UEFI mode and BIOS mode

See this link: Installation/iso2usb#Do_it_yourself

Portable installed system booting from UEFI and BIOS

Multiboot pendrives

Booting ISO files on internal drive

Booting USB drives with grub2 and iso files ‘grub-n-iso’

There are more details at the sub-page /alt

Booting the Computer from USB

Remove all unneeded USB items, but keep the network cable attached.

Instead of editing BIOS settings, you can choose a boot device from the boot menu. Press the function key to enter the boot menu when your computer is booting. Typically, the boot screen displays which key you need to press. It maybe one of F12, F10, F9.

Edit the BIOS settings

Insert the bootable USB flash drive that you just created in your target computer and restart it. Most newer computers can boot from a USB flash drive. If your computer does not automatically do so, you might need to edit the BIOS settings.

Restart your computer, and watch for a message telling you which key, hotkey to press to enter the BIOS setup.

  • It will usually be one of F1, F2, F9, F10, DEL, Enter or ESC.
  • The hotkey should be described in the user manual provided by the manufacturer of the computer (a printed or electronic document).
  • You can also search your hardware on boot-keys.org.

Press this hotkey continuously or tap repeatedly (different between computers) while your computer is booting to edit your BIOS settings. (On HP Mini Netbooks, the correct key is usually F9.)

Select ‘hard disk/USB-HDD0’

Note: with some motherboards you have to select ‘hard disk/USB-HDD0’ to choose the USB flash disk. It may work like this because the system sees the USB drive ‘a mass storage device’ as a hard disk drive, and it should be at the top of the boot order list.

So you need to edit the Boot Order. Depending on your computer, and how your USB key was formatted, you should see an entry for «removable drive» or «USB media». Move this to the top of the list to make the computer attempt to boot from the USB device before booting from the hard disk.

Chainloading

PLoP Boot Manager

  • For old computers that cannot boot from USB

Flow chart for trouble-shooting

  • See this link: Why Doesn’t a Bootable USB Boot

There are more details at the sub-page /bootUSB

Known Issues

  • There are problems with the versions of the Startup Disk Creator alias usb-creator in versions of Ubuntu older than 16.04 LTS. There are similar problems with old versions of Unetbootin. Until these problems are solved other tools work, for example mkusb and Win32DiskImager described in the following links, https://help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb and https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager/iso2usb

  • The version 0.3.2 (and newer versions) of the Startup Disk Creator alias usb-creator in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (and newer versions) clones the iso file and creates a read-only file system. This method is very robust, but if you want to re-use the USB stick as a storage drive, you must restore it. Two methods are described in the next paragraph.

Postrequisites — restore the USB stick

‘Postrequisites’ — after installation: how to restore the USB stick to a standard storage drive. The standard is an MSDOS partition table (MBR) and a partition with the FAT32 file system.

gparted

Disks

mkusb

There is a detailed description at the sub-page /post


See also

  • FromUSBStickQuick for beginners starting from Windows

  • USB Installation Media: custom, manual, older versions, and technical instructions and troubleshooting. There are also network installation options available.

  • Why Doesn’t a Bootable USB Boot: flowchart and lists of possible causes to help troubleshooting

  • MinimalCD alias mini.iso

  • booting with grub2

  • booting with UEFI

  • Ubuntu Forums tutorial «Howto make USB boot drives»

  • Ubuntu Forums tutorial «Howto help USB boot drives»

  • Ubuntu Forums tutorial «How to create an external USB bootable Linux hard drive (without dual-boot)»

  • Unetbootin for Linux, Windows, Mac OS X

  • Paul Sutton’s Unetbootin how to

  • Rufus — Create bootable USB drives the easy way (from Windows)

  • Pendrivelinux about Multisystem

  • Pendrivelinux about grub2

  • YUMI – Multiboot USB Creator

  • Choosing between Live USB and Full USB Installation

  • Try Ubuntu (Kubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, …) before installing it

  • LiveCD/Persistence

  • Dual Boot with Windows

  • Discussion about tools to create USB boot drives at the Ubuntu Forums «http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2291946»


CategoryLive CategoryInstallation CategoryInstallation CategoryInstallation

I’ve downloaded the daily Ubuntu 12.04 iso.

I currently have windows 7 x64 operating system installed.

How can I make a bootable usb from the Ubuntu iso?

Jorge Castro's user avatar

Jorge Castro

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asked Dec 12, 2011 at 15:28

Akshar Patel's user avatar

2

With UNetBootIN, for example. I like Pendrive Linux Easy USB Creator very much, but it doesn’t support béta’s without some tips ‘n tricks. Testing an alpha isn’t as simple as you think by the way, some experience is useful ;)

Download for Windows

Screenshot from unetbootin homepage

Unetbootin is available for Windows, Mac, Linux (Lots of distros)

Seth's user avatar

Seth

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answered Dec 12, 2011 at 15:33

tiempjuuh's user avatar

tiempjuuhtiempjuuh

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In order to make an Ubuntu live USB for installing Ubuntu in Windows, use Rufus. Rufus is the recommended application at the official Ubuntu website for making a bootable live Ubuntu USB on Windows. The USB flash drive you use should be 2GB or larger and formatted to FAT32. For Ubuntu 18.04 and later the USB flash drive should be 4GB or larger. The formatting procedure will delete all of the files that are already on the flash drive.

The instructions for preparing an Ubuntu live USB are found at the official Ubuntu How to create a bootable USB stick… webpage (see the step-by-step instructions below).

  1. Open Rufus and select your USB stick in the Device dropdown menu.

IMG:

  1. Click the CD-ROM icon next to the FreeDOS dropdown menu, then find your downloaded Ubuntu ISO and click Open and then Start.

enter image description here

  1. Click Yes when it asks to download Syslinux software.

enter image description here

  1. Click OK to write in ISO Image mode.

enter image description here

  1. Confirm that your USB stick is selected and then click OK to continue. It is very important to verify that the device that you are installing the Ubuntu live USB to is indeed your flash drive, so that you don’t overwrite any of your system or personal files which may make your operating system unbootable.

enter image description here

  1. When it is finished, just restart your computer and start using Ubuntu, or you can install Ubuntu.

enter image description here

The Ubuntu live USB flash drive that you make this way will be bootable from a PC. In order to enable your computer to boot from the USB flash drive, you must enter your BIOS menu by pressing one of these keys: Delete, F2 or F10 as soon as the motherboard splash screen appears when the computer is booting. In the BIOS menu, you need to change the boot order so that the USB flash drive, which is usually called USB-HDD in newer computers, is the first entry in the boot sequence, and then save your new BIOS settings and exit the BIOS setup.

answered Jul 18, 2013 at 2:50

karel's user avatar

karelkarel

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Open Unetbootin …select daily_live …that surely will boot.

answered Dec 12, 2011 at 15:38

emtin4's user avatar

emtin4emtin4

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Ubuntu ISOs (since 11.10) are hybrid, they are both CD and USB bootable.
On Linux, you can just cat them to a flash drive.

On windows, follow the instructions here: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/download

Windows 7

Right-click on an ISO image and choose ‘Open with > Windows Disc Image Burner’.

enter image description here

Select a disk burner (drive) and choose ‘Burn’. If you check ‘Verify disc after burning’, it will confirm that the ISO image has been burned correctly.

enter image description here

Windows Vista / XP / Server

Download and install the appropriate version of ISO Recorder.
Insert an unformatted DVD into your burner. (Note: You can only burn DVDs with this tool from Vista.)

enter image description here

Open Windows Explorer, find your ISO file, right-click and choose ‘Next’.

Jorge Castro's user avatar

Jorge Castro

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answered Jan 6, 2012 at 9:48

tumbleweed's user avatar

tumbleweedtumbleweed

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Try Rufus. It’s free and works better than unetbootin or live usb creator. It succeeded where both have failed for me.

answered Nov 20, 2013 at 23:51

AtariBaby's user avatar

AtariBabyAtariBaby

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I haven’t seen it mentioned, but Linux Live USB Creator is far and away the best I’ve tried. It’s quick, easy, and allows Persistent Mode with no hassle. It is Windows-only, however.

answered Mar 4, 2012 at 3:34

Kenny's user avatar

KennyKenny

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In case you are using newer computer there is a good chance it support UEFI.

Now I understand this is an old post, but if someone have the same problem nowadays many of this answers just won’t work. So if you want to create a bootable USB from Windows with all the new technologies supported (UEFI, GPT) you should use Rufus.

answered Mar 15, 2015 at 14:31

VRR's user avatar

VRRVRR

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A full transition from Windows to Linux may not be easy, that is why Ubuntu allows its users to test the live CD (or USB) first to see if they like it, then install it on their systems. This guide shows you how to create a bootable Ubuntu USB in Windows. Using this media, you can boot up Ubuntu on any computer, perform your tasks and leave the main OS unmodified.

To follow along with the guide, ensure:

  1. Internet connection to download the required tools.
  2. A USB Flash drive – at least 8GB (recommended).
  3. You have downloaded the latest version of the Ubuntu ISO from the official Ubuntu download page.

Create Bootable Ubuntu USB with Rufus

The easiest method to create a bootable Ubuntu USB is to use Rufus. The ability to set persistence in Ubuntu USB drives is now supported in newer versions of Rufus.

1. Plug your USB drive into your Windows computer. Next, launch Rufus and click the “Select” button to select the Ubuntu ISO.

2. Set the size for your persistence file.

3. Configure the partition scheme.

Rufus Persistence

4. Click “Start” to flash the ISO.

Once the flash process is completed, reboot the PC into your Ubuntu system.

Create Bootable Ubuntu USB with UNetbootin

Another method to create a bootable Ubuntu USB in Windows is to use UNetbootin.

1. Download the UNetbootin tool from its official page.

Unetbootin Download

2. Launch the UNetbootin tool. You may have noticed you can select the “Distribution” option, choose the distro you want to install and UNetbootin will download the ISO file for you. For this guide, we will use the “Disk Image” option since we have already downloaded the Ubuntu ISO.

3. Select the “three-dotted” section and navigate to the location of the downloaded Ubuntu ISO.

Unetbootin Flash

Select the Ubuntu ISO and load it into UNetbootin.

4. Before flashing the ISO to the USB, set up persistence. To do this, adjust the option “Space used to preserve files across reboots.” Allocate the desired space in MB.

Unetbootin Persistence

Note: if you are flashing older Ubuntu ISOs, this might not work and you may need to perform a manual configuration as shown in the steps below.

5. In the “Type” drop-down at the bottom, make sure “USB Drive” is selected, select the Drive directory of your USB drive next to it, then click “OK” to start the process. After several minutes, the process will be complete.

You now have a bootable, portable Ubuntu build.

Add Persistence Manually to the Bootable USB

In some instances, UNetbootin may fail to add the persistence. To resolve this, you can manually configure this option.

1. Download the Casper-RW-Creator file from the official link.

2. Once downloaded, launch the file and select the USB drive.

3. Set the persistence file.

Note: if you are using the Ubuntu 20.04 image, the persistence file has been renamed to writeable. However, for older images, select the persistence file as casper.

Casper Rw Writeable

4. Select the size to allocate the persistence file and click “Create.”

Casper Progress

5. Once the process is complete, you should have the file writeable or casper in the root of the drive for persistence.

Writeable File

To point Ubuntu to the persistence file, edit the “grub.cfg” file in “/boot/grub/grub.cfg.”

Find the entry:

 menuentry "Ubuntu" {
     set gfxpayload=keep
     linux   /casper/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed maybe-   ubiquity quiet splash ---
     initrd  /casper/initrd
 }

Edit the file and add the casper module. The above entry should be:

 menuentry "Ubuntu" {
     set gfxpayload=keep
     linux   /casper/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed maybe-ubiquity quiet  boot=casper quiet splash persistent  ---
     initrd  /casper/initrd
 }

Finally, save the file and reboot the computer into your Ubuntu session. During Boot, select the “Ubuntu” section to use the persistence file.

Wrapping Up

You now have a bootable Ubuntu USB drive that you can take with you anywhere. It’s a great option in the way of security, ensuring you don’t have to enter and leave your data on strangers’ or public computers. As an extra measure, though, remember to password-protect your Ubuntu drive.

If you want to start from scratch and get yourself a blank flash drive, we can guide you through the process of formatting a USB drive in Windows. We can also show you how you to format a drive in FAT32 specifically, which isn’t possible using the native formatting tool in Windows 10.

John Wachira

John is a technical writer at MTE, when is not busy writing tech tutorials, he is staring at the screen trying to debug code.

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Оптические диски уходят в прошлое. Многие модели ноутбуков и все нетбуки уже выпускаются без встроенного оптического привода. И всё чаще для установки операционных систем используются USB-флешки. Это связано с их дешевизной и возможностью выполнять перезапись много раз.

Мы разберёмся, как сделать загрузочную флешку Ubuntu в окружении дистрибутива Linux, причём неважно какого — интересные нам утилиты легко устанавливаются из официальных репозиториев. Также мы рассмотрим создание загрузочной флешки Ubuntu в Windows.

Я уточню: образ Ubuntu — это то, о чём мы говорим в статье, но на месте этого дистрибутива может быть любой другой образ Linux. Ничего не изменится, кроме размера USB-накопителя: в самом конце статьи мы затронем тему, как установить полноценную Ubuntu на флешку и получить полностью рабочую систему. Для этих целей нужно будет устройство с большим объёмом памяти.

Как создать загрузочную флешку Ubuntu в Windows

Допустим, скачали вы образ Ubuntu с официального сайта и хотите его записать на флешку. Если это нужно сделать в Windows, то вы, скорее всего, ещё не использовали Linux и не знаете, как записывать образы. Поэтому скажу, что просто скопировать образ на флешку не поможет, нужно именно записать образ Ubuntu на флешку.

Лучшей программой для создания загрузочной флешки Ubuntu в Windows, да и вообще для записи образов на флешку, я считаю Rufus. Программа отлично работает, проста в использовании, и ничего не нужно устанавливать. Скачать её можно по ссылке.

Шаг 1. Запуск

Подключите флешку к компьютеру и запустите программу:

Шаг 2. Выбор флешки

Выберите устройство, на которое будет идти запись, то есть вашу флешку. Если к компьютеру подключена только одна флешка, утилита определит её автоматически:

Шаг 3. Выбор образа

В поле Метод загрузки выберите Диск или ISO образ:

Затем кликните по кнопке выбрать для выбора ISO образа. В проводнике выберите образ Ubuntu или любого другого Linux дистрибутива:

Шаг 4. Запуск записи

Все остальные параметры можно оставить по умолчанию. Нажмите кнопку Старт для начала записи:

Если утилита спросит нужно ли загружать новую версию загрузчика Linux, согласитесь, это избавит от возможных проблем:

Шаг 5. Тип записи

Утилита Rufus поддерживает два режима записи образа на флешку. Это режим DD и режим ISO образа. В режиме DD образа всё содержимое ISO файла побайтово копируется на флешку. На флешке не создается никакой файловой системы или таблицы разделов, просто переносится та структура, которая была в образе. Это может быть полезно для записи образов с файловыми системами семейства ext, которые не поддерживает Windows.

В режиме ISO образа на флешке создается раздел, затем он форматируется в FAT32 и туда копируются все файлы из образа. Затем утилита создаёт и записывает свой загрузчик, который делает этот раздел загрузочным. Такой способ может вызвать проблемы при записи установщиков Linux, но он предпочтительнее, поскольку у вас будет доступ к флешке и данным на ней. Выберите сначала первый вариант, а только потом, если это не заработает пробуйте второй:

Шаг 6. Завершение записи

Подтвердите запись информации на на флешку, а затем дождитесь окончания. Когда всё будет сделано появится надпись готово в строке статуса.

Дальше можете перезагружать компьютер и переходить к установке.

Как сделать загрузочную флешку Ubuntu в Linux

В Linux проще всего сделать загрузочную флешку с установщиком того же Linux с помощью утилиты Etcher. Это графическая утилита написанная на платформе Electron, позволяющая сделать всё, что необходимо. Скачать программу можно по ссылке. В загруженном архиве будет находиться AppImage образ программы, который можно прямо так запускать из файлового менеджера.

Шаг 1. Запуск

Запустите программу кликнув два раза по AppImage файлу:

Шаг 2. Выбор образа

Кликните по кнопке Select Image и выберите образ диска, который вы хотите записать:

Шаг 3. Выбор флешки

Щелкните по кнопке Change в средней колонке окна и выберите флешку, на которую хотите записать образ:

Шаг 4. Завершение

Нажмите кнопку Flash и дождитесь завершения записи.

Утилита dd позволяет побайтово переносить содержимое ISO образа на флешку. Такой метод записи менее удобен, чем использование графических утилит, но иногда работает когда не помогают другие.

Шаг 1. Имя флешки

Сначала вам нужно узнать имя вашей флешки в файловой системе. Для этого используйте утилиту fdisk:

sudo fdisk -l

В данном примере флешка имеет имя /dev/sdb.

Шаг 2. Запись

Теперь можно записать на неё образ:

sudo dd if=~/Загрузки/ubuntu20_04.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=1M

С помощью опции if надо передать путь к образу, который надо записать, а of — устройство, на которое его надо записать. Опция bs помогает утилите работать быстрее. Обратите внимание, что данные надо записывать именно на флешку, а не на раздел на ней. Больше никаких операций не потребуется, так как вся структура образа будет перенесена на устройство.

Установка Ubuntu на флешку

На самом деле, это не так сложно, как вам сейчас кажется. Это Linux — здесь вы можете делать всё, что захотите, в том числе и устанавливать систему на флешку.

Сначала выполняйте всё как при обычной установке, пока не дойдете до разметки диска. В окне выбора способа разметки выберите Другой вариант:

ubuntu1

Далее в окне разметки диска вы увидите два подключенных к системе диска, один из них — ваш жёсткий диск, другой — флешка. Определить, кто здесь кто, можно по размеру:

ubuntu

В отличие от обычной установки, загрузочная флешка Ubuntu не требует раздела swap, он даже противопоказан, потому что система будет очень часто перезаписывать данные, и так вы только сократите время жизни флешки. Остальные разделы тоже можно не делить так, как при обычной установке. Достаточно создать один корневой раздел с файловой системой ext2. Выбирать нужно именно эту файловую систему, чтобы, опять же, уменьшить количество записей на диск.

Дальше выполняете установку как обычно. Загрузочная флешка будет успешно создана, но после завершения процесса важно выполнить несколько настроек всё с той же целью — уменьшить количество записей на диск.

Нужно для всех разделов добавить опции noatime и nodiratime. А также папки с временными файлами подключить в оперативную память.

Для этого откройте файл /etc/fstab и добавьте в него такие строчки:

vi /etc/fstab

tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,size=100m 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs rw 0 0
tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs rw 0 0
tmpfs /var/log tmpfs rw,size=10m 0 0

Затем для всех разделов, размещённых на флешке, добавьте вышеуказанные опции. Например, было:

/dev/sdb1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1

Сделайте:

/dev/sdb1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro,noatime,nodiratime 0 1

Ещё, если не планируете устанавливать программы, можно перемонтировать корень в режиме только для чтения.

Важно отметить, что загрузочная флешка Ubuntu с установленной на неё операционной системой — не очень хорошая идея. Количество записей на USB-накопитель ограничено, поэтому, хотя все приведённые здесь оптимизации и увеличат строк службы носителя,  никто не сможет предугадать, когда прибор выйдет из строя. Это вариант работающей, но не надёжной системы.

Выводы

Вот и всё, мы рассмотрели самые лёгкие способы создать загрузочную флешку Ubuntu или любого другого дистрибутива как в Windows, так и в Linux. Теперь вы даже можете установить полноценную систему на флешку. Если у вас остались вопросы, задавайте их в комментариях.

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