Ftp server для windows server 2019

FTP,  an acronym for File Transfer Protocol, is a standard protocol for sharing files over the internet or a simple LAN. FTP servers have existed for over 30 years and have facilitated file sharing in a simple, yet effective manner.

Nowadays, FTP has been replaced by more secure options, such as SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) and FTPS (FTP over SSL), that encrypt data sent to and from the servers. Nonetheless, it’s prudent that we appreciate the basics of installing an FTP server and see how it can be configured for simple file sharing.

In this guide, we take you through the installation and configuration of the FTP server on Windows Server 2019. There are two ways you can install the FTP server. You can use the Server Manager graphical tool, or use Windows Powershell if you enjoy working on the terminal. We will cover each of these in turn.

How to Install FTP Server using Server Manager

Server Manager is a graphical console that was introduced in Windows Server 2008. The objective was to help System Administrators easily install and manage various features and roles on the server. To install the  FTP server using Server Manager, follow the steps as illustrated.

Step 1: Launch Server Manager

Usually, the server manager utility launches automatically upon logging in. Alternatively, you can click on the ‘Start’ menu button and select ‘Server Manager’ from the pull-up menu that appears.

Once launched, click on the ‘Add roles and features’ option as shown.

Step 2: Proceed with the installation

Clicking the  ‘Add roles and features’ option launches the installation wizard. The Wizard gives you a summary of the tasks you can perform such as adding/removing roles and features. You will be required to have a few prerequisites in order before proceeding.

Once you have gone over the summary, simply click ‘Next’.

Step 3: Select the Installation Type

In the next step choose ‘Role-based or feature-based’ installation and click ‘Next’.

Step 4: Select the Destination Server

You will thereafter be required to select the server upon which you will install the roles and features. By default, the server you are working on will be selected. Just accept the defaults and hit ‘Next’.

Step 5: Select Server Roles to be Installed

In the next step, a list of server roles will be listed. Click on the ‘Web Server IIS’ option. 

This launches a pop-up window that lists the roles to be installed as shown. 

Click on ‘Add features’  and hit the ‘Next’ button to proceed to the next step.

Step 6: Select Server Features

Nothing much is required in this step, so once again, click on the ‘Next’ button.

Step 7: Web IIS overview

The next step gives you a glance about what a web server is and the role it plays. So, once again, simply click ‘Next’ to proceed to the next step.

Step 8: Select Role Services

This is the quintessential step where we shall select the FTP feature. Simply scroll and check off the ‘FTP Server’ checkbox and the corresponding FTP sub-options (FTP service and FTP extensibility). Then click ‘Next’.

Step 9: Confirm Installation

Finally, you will be presented with a summary of the roles and features that you have selected to be installed. To confirm and initiate the installation process, click on the ‘Install’ button.

The installation will take a while, so some patience will come in handy. Once the installation is complete, reboot your server for the roles and features to be fully enabled.

As we mentioned, we can install FTP using Windows Powershell. All the steps that we have just gone through can be summarized in one single command on Windows  Powershell as follows: 

Install-WindowsFeature Web-FTP-Server -IncludeManagementTools

Step 10: Create and FTP directory

To this point, we have installed the FTP server feature on the system, and a root default directory is created to that effect. The path of the root directory is at C:inetpub. 

We are going to create a custom FTP directory where we are going to place files and directories which can be accessed by authorized users across the network. 

Therefore, navigate to the  C:inetpub path. Right click and select ‘New’ then ‘Folder’. Give the folder your preferred name. In this case, we have created a folder called myFTPdirectory.

We need to assign this directory the required permissions so that an authorized user can read from its contents. To achieve this, right-click on the directory and select ‘Properties’.

In the ‘Properties’ window pop-up, click on the ‘Security’ tab to adjust the permissions. Select the group which you want to allow access to the directory. In this case, I have selected the ‘Users’ group. Then click on the ‘Edit’ button to assign permissions to the group.

For our example, we clicked on ‘Full control’ and hit the ‘Apply’ button.

 Then click ‘Ok’. This takes you back to the Properties window where, once again, you will click on the ‘Ok’ button.

Step 11: Create an FTP Site

We have assigned all permissions on our FTP directory to the Users group. The next step will be to create an FTP site which we shall map to the FTP directory.

On the Server manager, click on ‘Tools’ then select ‘Internet Services Information (IIS) Manager’ option.

On the IIS Manager window that appears, click the  server name at the left pane to reveal more options.  Right-click on the ‘Sites’ option and select ‘Add FTP site’.

In the next step, provide the FTP site name and the Physical Path by clicking on the adjacent button with three dots and navigating to the FTP directory that we created in the previous step. 

Then click ‘Ok’ then ‘Next’ to go to the next step.

In the ‘Binding and SSL settings’ step, provide your server’s IP address, FTP port. Be sure to select the -‘No SSL’ option since we are not using an SSL certificate to secure the site.

The final step requires you to select the authentication type and configure which users will have access to the FTP site. Select ‘Basic’ authentication. 

Under authorization, click on the ‘Specified users’ option – if you want a single user to access the site – and right below that specify the username of the user.

 Alternatively, you can allow a group of users by selecting ‘Specified roles or user groups’ and specifying the user group in the ‘text field’ provided. Then check off ‘Read’ and ‘Write’ permissions and hit ‘Finish’.

Up until this point, we have successfully configured  the FTP server. The only bit remaining is to configure the firewall to allow remote users to access the FTP site.

Step 12: Configure the Firewall

FTP listens on port 21, and therefore, we need to allow this port across the firewall. To start off, click on the ‘Start’  menu button and search for ‘Firewall with Advanced security’

On the left pane, click on ‘Inbound rules’ and the head over to the extreme right and click on ‘New rule’.

On the ‘Rule Type’ window, select the ‘Predefined’ option and select ‘FTP server’ in the drop-down menu. Click ‘Next’.

Ensure that all the firewall rules are checked off and click ‘Next’.

Finally, click on ‘Allow the connection’ and click ‘Finish’.

Our FTP server can now be accessed remotely from either a Windows or Linux/UNIX system. The only thing remaining is to test if we can make a connection to the server.

Step 13: Test FTP server

To test if your FTP server is working as expected, head over to a remote system and launch command prompt. Next, type the command below:

ftp server-ip

You will be required to authenticate, so provide your username and password. 

The output above confirms that we have been able to successfully log in. 

Let’s try something more ambitious. We are going to create a directory and navigate into it using the commands shown:

ftp> mkdir reports
ftp> cd reports

To verify the existence of the directory, use the ls command , just as you would in a Linux system when listing files.

ftp> ls

Alternatively, You can head over to your browser and head over to the URL shown:

ftp://server-ip

In the authentication pop-up, provide your username and password and click on the ‘Sign In’ button.

And voila! There goes your directory!

This confirms that our FTP server is working as expected.

Conclusion

This brings to an end our topic today. We have successfully installed and configured FTP server on Windows Server 2019. An FTP server provides a convenient way of hosting and sharing files and directories across a network to specific users or groups of users in Active directory.

However, as we pointed out earlier, FTP is now considered unsafe and extra steps are needed to secure it using an SSL certificate to keep malicious users from eavesdropping on the communication between the FTP server and the client PC. Let us know your thoughts in the comments. Enjoy!

Настройка FTP-сервера на Windows Server 2019

Настройка будет состоять из пунктов:

Для начала нужно установить FTP-сервер.

Открываем Пуск в нижнем левом углу, Диспетчер серверов (Server Manager) , плитка которого закреплена по умолчанию. Далее все основные действия по настройке будем совершать здесь.

Находим пункт Добавить Роль и Функции (Add roles and features) .

Появится мастер добавления ролей, для продолжения нажимаем Далее (Next) .

В качестве типа установки выбираем Базовая Роль или Базовая Функция (based-roles or feature-based installation) .

Далее из списка серверов, выбираем нужный сервер, в качестве примера он один, поэтому жмём Далее (Next) .

На этапе выбора ролей отмечаем роль Веб-сервер (IIS) (Web Server (IIS)) .

Откроется окно и предложит установить Консоль управления службами IIS (IIS Management Console) , жмем Добавить компоненты (Add Featues) , они понадобятся, чтобы администрировать FTP-сервер, жмем Далее (Next) .

Следующие 2 шага пропускаем, нажимая Далее (Next) .

Дойдя до пункта Службы ролей (Role Services) , снимаем все галочки и выбираем Служба FTP (FTP Service) и Консоль управления службами IIS (IIS Management Console) , жмем Далее (Next) .

На следующем пункте проверяем все компоненты и жмём Установить (Install) .

Дожидаемся окончания установки, после чего жмём Закрыть (Close) .

Далее ещё нужно настроить пару моментов, не торопитесь перезагружать сервер.

Настройка Брандмауэра

Для подключения к FTP-серверу необходимо настроить Firewall. Для этого откройте Брандмауэр Windows в режиме повышенной безопасности (Windows Firewall with Advanced Security) .

В вертикальном меню слева выберите Правила для входящих подключений (Inbound rules) , затем в вертикальном меню справа Создать правило (New Rule) .

В открывшемся окне отмечаем тип Предопределенные (Predefined) и в выпадающем списке выберите FTP-сервер (FTP Server) . Нажмите Далее (Next) .

Отмечаем все галочки, Далее (Next) , Готово (Finish) . Перезагружаем сервер для применения всех настроек.

Создание пользователей

Теперь нужно создать пользователей, которым дадим право подключаться к FTP-серверу.

Открываем Управление компьютером (Computer Management) .

Открываем пункт Локальные пользователи и группы (Local Users and Groups) , щелкаем правой кнопкой мыши по пункту Пользователи (Users) и выбираем Новый пользователь (New User) . Заполняем необходимые поля, снимаем все галочки и жмем Создать (Create) .

Если появилась следующая ошибка при создании пользователя, значит пароль не соответствует нужным требованиям:

Пароль должен соответствовать как минимум трём условиям из списка перечисленного ниже:

• Наличие прописных букв английского алфавита от A до Z;
• Наличие строчных букв английского алфавита от a до z;
• Наличие десятичных цифр (от 0 до 9);
• Наличие неалфавитных символов (например, !, $, #, %).

Настройка FTP-сайта

Открываем Диспетчер служб IIS (Internet Information Server (IIS) Manager) .

В окне Подключения (Connections) , кликаем правой кнопкой мыши по нашему сайту, выбираем Добавить FTP-сайт (Add FTP Site) .

В открывшемся окне Добавить FTP-сайт (Add FTP Site) вводим название нашего FTP-сайта, указываем нужную директорию и жмём Далее (Next) .

Далее указываем IP-адрес из выпадающего списка, или указываем Все свободные (All Unassigned) . Отмечаем галочку ниже. Указываем настройки SSL, если нужно чтобы использовалось шифрование, устанавливаем SSL-сертификат, если нет, то выбираем первый вариант, как показано в примере. Жмём Далее (Next) .

Выбираем проверку подлинности как Обычную (Basic) . Из выпадающего списка выбираем Указанные пользователи (Specified users) , и вводим имя ранее созданного пользователя. Ставим галочки напротив необходимых разрешений: Чтение (Read) или Запись (Write) . Нажимаем Готово (Finish) .

Изоляция пользователей

Чтобы после подключения к FTP-серверу пользователь попадал в свою директорию и не имел доступ к чужим файлам других пользователей, необходимо настроить их изоляцию. Для этого откройте настройки вашего ftp сайта и выберите Изоляция пользователей (FTP User Isolation) .

Выберите Каталог имени пользователя (User name directory) и Примените (Apply) .

Кликаем правой кнопкой мыши по нашему FTP-сайту, выбираем Добавить виртуальный каталог (Add Virtual Directory) .

В первой строке указываем имя FTP-пользователя, ниже полный путь к директории пользователя. Её нужно создать заранее. Для понимания какая директория кому принадлежит, лучше создавать директорию с именем пользователя.

Необходимо настроить права на виртуальный каталог, кликаем правой кнопкой мыши по нему, выбираем Редактировать разрешения (Edit Permission) .

Переходим во вкладку Безопасность (Security) и жмём кнопку Дополнительно (Advanced) .

В окне жмём кнопку Отключение наследования (Disable inheritance) , в новом окне выбираем первый вариант, затем Применить (Apply) и ОК .

Жмём кнопку Изменить (Edit) .

Удаляем группу пользователей Users , и добавляем нового пользователя.

В новом окне, нужно ввести имя FTP-пользователя, для проверки нажмите Проверить имена (Check Names) . Если пользователь есть, строка, где вводили имя, дополнится, нажмите ОК .

Даём все права пользователю на его директорию, отметив все галочки в первой колонке, жмём Применить (Apply) — ОК .

На этом все настройки завершены. Чтобы подключиться к серверу, используйте следующие доступы:

• Хост: IP сервера
• Пользователь: FTP-пользователь, которого вы создали
• Пароль: Пароль от FTP-пользователя

Источник

How to Install FTP Server on Windows Server 2019

FTP, an acronym for File Transfer Protocol, is a standard protocol for sharing files over the internet or a simple LAN. FTP servers have existed for over 30 years and have facilitated file sharing in a simple, yet effective manner.

Nowadays, FTP has been replaced by more secure options, such as SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) and FTPS (FTP over SSL), that encrypt data sent to and from the servers. Nonetheless, it’s prudent that we appreciate the basics of installing an FTP server and see how it can be configured for simple file sharing.

In this guide, we take you through the installation and configuration of the FTP server on Windows Server 2019. There are two ways you can install the FTP server. You can use the Server Manager graphical tool, or use Windows Powershell if you enjoy working on the terminal. We will cover each of these in turn.

How to Install FTP Server using Server Manager

Server Manager is a graphical console that was introduced in Windows Server 2008. The objective was to help System Administrators easily install and manage various features and roles on the server. To install the FTP server using Server Manager, follow the steps as illustrated.

Step 1: Launch Server Manager

Usually, the server manager utility launches automatically upon logging in. Alternatively, you can click on the ‘Start’ menu button and select ‘Server Manager’ from the pull-up menu that appears.

Once launched, click on the ‘Add roles and features’ option as shown.

Step 2: Proceed with the installation

Clicking the ‘Add roles and features’ option launches the installation wizard. The Wizard gives you a summary of the tasks you can perform such as adding/removing roles and features. You will be required to have a few prerequisites in order before proceeding.

Once you have gone over the summary, simply click ‘Next’.

Step 3: Select the Installation Type

In the next step choose ‘Role-based or feature-based’ installation and click ‘Next’.

Step 4: Select the Destination Server

You will thereafter be required to select the server upon which you will install the roles and features. By default, the server you are working on will be selected. Just accept the defaults and hit ‘Next’.

Step 5: Select Server Roles to be Installed

In the next step, a list of server roles will be listed. Click on the ‘Web Server IIS’ option.

This launches a pop-up window that lists the roles to be installed as shown.

Click on ‘Add features’ and hit the ‘Next’ button to proceed to the next step.

Step 6: Select Server Features

Nothing much is required in this step, so once again, click on the ‘Next’ button.

Step 7: Web IIS overview

The next step gives you a glance about what a web server is and the role it plays. So, once again, simply click ‘Next’ to proceed to the next step.

Step 8: Select Role Services

This is the quintessential step where we shall select the FTP feature. Simply scroll and check off the ‘FTP Server’ checkbox and the corresponding FTP sub-options (FTP service and FTP extensibility). Then click ‘Next’.

Step 9: Confirm Installation

Finally, you will be presented with a summary of the roles and features that you have selected to be installed. To confirm and initiate the installation process, click on the ‘Install’ button.

The installation will take a while, so some patience will come in handy. Once the installation is complete, reboot your server for the roles and features to be fully enabled.

As we mentioned, we can install FTP using Windows Powershell. All the steps that we have just gone through can be summarized in one single command on Windows Powershell as follows:

Install-WindowsFeature Web-FTP-Server -IncludeManagementTools

Step 10: Create and FTP directory

To this point, we have installed the FTP server feature on the system, and a root default directory is created to that effect. The path of the root directory is at C:inetpub.

We are going to create a custom FTP directory where we are going to place files and directories which can be accessed by authorized users across the network.

Therefore, navigate to the C:inetpub path. Right click and select ‘New’ then ‘Folder’. Give the folder your preferred name. In this case, we have created a folder called myFTPdirectory.

We need to assign this directory the required permissions so that an authorized user can read from its contents. To achieve this, right-click on the directory and select ‘Properties’.

In the ‘Properties’ window pop-up, click on the ‘Security’ tab to adjust the permissions. Select the group which you want to allow access to the directory. In this case, I have selected the ‘Users’ group. Then click on the ‘Edit’ button to assign permissions to the group.

For our example, we clicked on ‘Full control’ and hit the ‘Apply’ button.

Then click ‘Ok’. This takes you back to the Properties window where, once again, you will click on the ‘Ok’ button.

Step 11: Create an FTP Site

We have assigned all permissions on our FTP directory to the Users group. The next step will be to create an FTP site which we shall map to the FTP directory.

On the Server manager, click on ‘Tools’ then select ‘Internet Services Information (IIS) Manager’ option.

On the IIS Manager window that appears, click the server name at the left pane to reveal more options. Right-click on the ‘Sites’ option and select ‘Add FTP site’.

In the next step, provide the FTP site name and the Physical Path by clicking on the adjacent button with three dots and navigating to the FTP directory that we created in the previous step.

Then click ‘Ok’ then ‘Next’ to go to the next step.

In the ‘Binding and SSL settings’ step, provide your server’s IP address, FTP port. Be sure to select the -‘No SSL’ option since we are not using an SSL certificate to secure the site.

The final step requires you to select the authentication type and configure which users will have access to the FTP site. Select ‘Basic’ authentication.

Under authorization, click on the ‘Specified users’ option – if you want a single user to access the site – and right below that specify the username of the user.

Alternatively, you can allow a group of users by selecting ‘Specified roles or user groups’ and specifying the user group in the ‘text field’ provided. Then check off ‘Read’ and ‘Write’ permissions and hit ‘Finish’.

Up until this point, we have successfully configured the FTP server. The only bit remaining is to configure the firewall to allow remote users to access the FTP site.

Step 12: Configure the Firewall

FTP listens on port 21, and therefore, we need to allow this port across the firewall. To start off, click on the ‘Start’ menu button and search for ‘Firewall with Advanced security’

On the left pane, click on ‘Inbound rules’ and the head over to the extreme right and click on ‘New rule’.

On the ‘Rule Type’ window, select the ‘Predefined’ option and select ‘FTP server’ in the drop-down menu. Click ‘Next’.

Ensure that all the firewall rules are checked off and click ‘Next’.

Finally, click on ‘Allow the connection’ and click ‘Finish’.

Our FTP server can now be accessed remotely from either a Windows or Linux/UNIX system. The only thing remaining is to test if we can make a connection to the server.

Step 13: Test FTP server

To test if your FTP server is working as expected, head over to a remote system and launch command prompt. Next, type the command below:

ftp server-ip

You will be required to authenticate, so provide your username and password.

The output above confirms that we have been able to successfully log in.

Let’s try something more ambitious. We are going to create a directory and navigate into it using the commands shown:

ftp> mkdir reports
ftp> cd reports

To verify the existence of the directory, use the ls command , just as you would in a Linux system when listing files.

ftp> ls

Alternatively, You can head over to your browser and head over to the URL shown:

ftp://server-ip

In the authentication pop-up, provide your username and password and click on the ‘Sign In’ button.

And voila! There goes your directory!

This confirms that our FTP server is working as expected.

Conclusion

This brings to an end our topic today. We have successfully installed and configured FTP server on Windows Server 2019. An FTP server provides a convenient way of hosting and sharing files and directories across a network to specific users or groups of users in Active directory.

However, as we pointed out earlier, FTP is now considered unsafe and extra steps are needed to secure it using an SSL certificate to keep malicious users from eavesdropping on the communication between the FTP server and the client PC. Let us know your thoughts in the comments. Enjoy!

Hey, I’m Winnie, a passionate Linux enthusiast and tech writer who loves working away on command-line and keeping tabs on the latest developments in the ever-evolving tech space. When not busy behind my laptop, catch me taking a hike or having a great time swimming. Read Winnie’s Full Bio

Источник

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a service that allows the transfer of files between a server and a client system over a TCP/IP network. The FTP protocol, usually running on port 21, allows a user to either upload or download files from an FTP server.

In this guide, you will learn how to install and configure an FTP server on Windows 2019.

Installing FTP server using Server Manager

Step 1: Click on ‘Add Roles and Features’

As with any Windows server system from 2012 and onwards, to add any feature using the GUI, you need to begin from the server manager. So, on the ‘Server Manager’ window, click on ‘Add roles and Features’.

Step 2: Click on the ‘Next’ tab

The next pre-flight check window reminds you to first set a strong Administrator account password and set a static IP, so click on the ‘Next’ button below to proceed with the installation process.

Step 3: Select the mode of installation

In the next window, you will be prompted to select the installation type.

Click on the ‘Role-based or feature-based’ option and click ‘Next’

Step 4: Select the Destination Server

In the next window, click on the server that you are installing the FTP on. Usually, this is the server that you currently working on. Enter the NetBIOS name, the IP address and the operating system type.

Select the server and click ‘Next’.

Step 5: Select the roles to be installed

Next, check off the ‘Web Server (IIS)’ option. When expanded, check off the ‘FTP Server’ option, which constitutes the FTP service and FTP extensibility. Then click ‘Next’.

Step 7: Select the roles to be installed

On the next Window, your selections will be confirmed. Click on ‘Install’ to start the installation.

The installation will then begin and after completion, click on the ‘Close’ button.

Installing an FTP server using Windows PowerShell

If you are a fan of running commands and prefer it to using the GUI wizard, Windows PowerShell can equally come in handy.

So, launch Windows PowerShell as an Administrator and execute the command below:

Install-WindowsFeature Web-FTP-Server -IncludeManagementTools

The output below will be displayed:

Success Restart Needed Exit Code Feature Result

——- ————– ——— ————–

True No Success {FTP Server, FTP Service, IIS Management

Configuring your FTP server

At this point, you have successfully installed your FTP server. The next step is to configure your server for the transmission of files.

On the ‘Server Manager’, click on ‘Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager’

On the next Window, click on your server system on the left sidebar. This reveals a pane at the center. Under ‘FTP’, click on ‘FTP firewall Support’.

Next, define a range of ports and click ‘Apply’.

Now go back and right-click on your Windows server and click on ‘Add FTP Site’. Then click ‘Next’.

Provide your preferred site name and specify the path to the FTP directory.

Next, define the bind-address settings. Type your server’s IP or Public IP address. For a start, you can select No SSL, but for future purposes, ensure to use SSL by clicking on ‘Allow SSL’.

Finally, select the authentication type as ‘Basic’ and also select ‘All users’ and assign read and write permissions.

The FTP site is now ready.

On the firewall settings, allow port 21, which by default is used by FTP.

And that’s how you install and configure an FTP server on a Windows 2019 Server!