Год выпуска windows server 2008 r2

Version of the Windows NT operating system
Screenshot of Windows Server 2008 showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on.
Developer	Microsoft
OS family	Microsoft Windows
Source model	Closed-source Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Released to manufacturing	February 4, 2008; 15 years ago[1]
General availability	February 27, 2008; 14 years ago[1]
Latest release	Service Pack 2 with March 19, 2019 or later update rollup (6.0.6003)[2] / March 19, 2019; 3 years ago
Marketing target	Business
Update method	Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platforms	IA-32, x86-64, Itanium
Kernel type	Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default user interface	Windows shell (Graphical)
License	Proprietary commercial software
Preceded by	Windows Server 2003 (2003)
Succeeded by	Windows Server 2008 R2 (2009)
Official website	Windows Server 2008
Support status
Mainstream support ended on January 13, 2015[3][4] Extended support ended on January 14, 2020[3][4] Windows Server 2008 is eligible for the paid ESU (Extended Security Updates) program.[5] This program allowed volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system until January 10, 2023,[3] only for Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter volume licensed editions. The updates are included with a Microsoft Azure purchase and Azure customers receive ESU updates until January 9, 2024.[6][5][7] Installing Service Pack 2 is required for users to receive updates and support after July 12, 2011[3][4]

Windows Server 2008 is the fourth release of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of the operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and generally to retail on February 27, 2008. Derived from Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 is the successor of Windows Server 2003 and the predecessor to Windows Server 2008 R2.

Windows Server 2008 is the final version of Windows Server that supports IA-32-based processors (also known as 32-bit processors). Its successor, Windows Server 2008 R2, requires a 64-bit processor in any supported architecture (x86-64 for x86 and Itanium).

History[edit]

Microsoft had released Windows Vista to mixed reception, and their last Windows Server release was based on Windows XP. The operating system’s working title was Windows Server Codename «Longhorn», but was later changed to Windows Server 2008 when Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced it during his keynote address at WinHEC on May 16, 2007.^[8]

Beta 1 was released on July 27, 2005; Beta 2 was announced and released on May 23, 2006, at WinHEC 2006 and Beta 3 was released publicly on April 25, 2007.^[9] Release Candidate 0 was released to the general public on September 24, 2007^[10] and Release Candidate 1 was released to the general public on December 5, 2007. Windows Server 2008 was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and officially launched on the 27th of that month.^[11]

Features[edit]

Windows Server 2008 is built from the same codebase as Windows Vista and thus it shares much of the same architecture and functionality. Since the codebase is common, Windows Server 2008 inherits most of the technical, security, management and administrative features new to Windows Vista such as the rewritten networking stack (native IPv6, native wireless, speed and security improvements); improved image-based installation, deployment and recovery; improved diagnostics, monitoring, event logging and reporting tools; new security features such as BitLocker and address space layout randomization (ASLR); the improved Windows Firewall with secure default configuration; .NET Framework 3.0 technologies, specifically Windows Communication Foundation, Microsoft Message Queuing and Windows Workflow Foundation; and the core kernel, memory and file system improvements. Processors and memory devices are modeled as Plug and Play devices to allow hot-plugging of these devices. This allows the system resources to be partitioned dynamically using dynamic hardware partitioning — each partition has its own memory, processor and I/O host bridge devices independent of other partitions.^[12]

Server Core[edit]

Windows Server 2008 includes a variation of installation called Server Core. Server Core is a significantly scaled-back installation where no Windows Explorer shell is installed. It also lacks Internet Explorer, and many other non-essential features. All configuration and maintenance is done entirely through command-line interface windows, or by connecting to the machine remotely using Microsoft Management Console (MMC). Notepad and some Control Panel applets, such as Regional Settings, are available.

A Server Core installation can be configured for several basic roles, including the domain controller (Active Directory Domain Services), Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (formerly known as Active Directory Application Mode^[13]), DNS Server, DHCP server, file server, print server, Windows Media Server, Internet Information Services 7 web server and Hyper-V virtual server roles. Server Core can also be used to create a cluster with high availability using failover clustering or network load balancing.

Andrew Mason, a program manager on the Windows Server team, noted that a primary motivation for producing a Server Core variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the attack surface of the operating system, and that about 70% of the security vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows from the prior five years would not have affected Server Core.^[14]

Active Directory[edit]

The Active Directory domain functionality that was retained from Windows Server 2003 was renamed to Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS).^[15]

• Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) enables enterprises to share credentials with trusted partners and customers, allowing a consultant to use their company user name and password to log in on a client’s network.
• Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS), (formerly Active Directory Application Mode, or ADAM)
• Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) allow administrators to manage user accounts and the digital certificates that allow them to access certain services and systems. Identity Integration Feature Pack is included as Active Directory Metadirectory Services.
• Active Directory Rights Management Services (ADRMS)
• Read-only domain controllers (RODCs), intended for use in branch office or other scenarios where a domain controller may reside in a low physical security environment. The RODC holds a non-writeable copy of Active Directory, and redirects all write attempts to a full domain controller. It replicates all accounts except sensitive ones.^[16] In RODC mode, credentials are not cached by default. Also, local administrators can be designated to log on to the machine to perform maintenance tasks without requiring administrative rights on the entire domain.^[17]
• Restartable Active Directory allows ADDS to be stopped and restarted from the Management Console or the command-line without rebooting the domain controller. This reduces downtime for offline operations and reduces overall DC servicing requirements with Server Core. ADDS is implemented as a Domain Controller Service in Windows Server 2008.
• All of the Group Policy improvements from Windows Vista are included. Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) is built-in. The Group Policy objects are indexed for search and can be commented on.^[18]
• Policy-based networking with Network Access Protection, improved branch management and enhanced end user collaboration. Policies can be created to ensure greater quality of service for certain applications or services that require prioritization of network bandwidth between client and server.
• Granular password settings within a single domain — ability to implement different password policies for administrative accounts on a «group» and «user» basis, instead of a single set of password settings to the whole domain.

Failover Clustering[edit]

Windows Server 2008 offers high availability to services and applications through Failover Clustering. Most server features and roles can be kept running with little to no downtime.

In Windows Server 2008, the way clusters are qualified changed significantly with the introduction of the cluster validation wizard.^[19] The cluster validation wizard is a feature that is integrated into failover clustering in Windows Server 2008. With the cluster validation wizard, an administrator can run a set of focused tests on a collection of servers that are intended to use as nodes in a cluster. This cluster validation process tests the underlying hardware and software directly, and individually, to obtain an accurate assessment of how well failover clustering can be supported on a given configuration.

This feature is only available in Enterprise and Datacenter editions of Windows Server.

Disk management and file storage[edit]

• The ability to resize hard disk partitions without stopping the server, even the system partition. This applies only to simple and spanned volumes, not to striped volumes.
• Shadow Copy based block-level backup which supports optical media, network shares and Windows Recovery Environment.
• DFS enhancements — SYSVOL on DFS-R, Read-only Folder Replication Member. There is also support for domain-based DFS namespaces that exceed the previous size recommendation of 5,000 folders with targets in a namespace.^[20]
• Several improvements to Failover Clustering (high-availability clusters).^[21]
• Internet Storage Naming Server (iSNS) enables central registration, deregistration and queries for iSCSI hard drives.
• Self-healing NTFS: In Windows versions prior to Windows Vista, if the operating system detected corruption in the file system of an NTFS volume, it marked the volume «dirty»; to correct errors on the volume, it had to be taken offline. With self-healing NTFS, an NTFS worker thread is spawned in the background which performs a localized fix-up of damaged data structures, with only the corrupted files/folders remaining unavailable without locking out the entire volume and needing the server to be taken down. S.M.A.R.T. detection techniques were added to help determine when a hard disk may fail.^[22]

Hyper-V[edit]

Hyper-V is hypervisor-based virtualization software, forming a core part of Microsoft’s virtualization strategy. It virtualizes servers on an operating system’s kernel layer. It can be thought of as partitioning a single physical server into multiple small computational partitions. Hyper-V includes the ability to act as a Xen virtualization hypervisor host allowing Xen-enabled guest operating systems to run virtualized.^[23] A beta version of Hyper-V shipped with certain x86-64 editions of Windows Server 2008, prior to Microsoft’s release of the final version of Hyper-V on 26 June 2008 as a free download. Also, a standalone variant of Hyper-V exists; this variant supports only x86-64 architecture.^[24] While the IA-32 editions of Windows Server 2008 cannot run or install Hyper-V, they can run the MMC snap-in for managing Hyper-V.

Windows System Resource Manager[edit]

Windows System Resource Manager (WSRM) is integrated into Windows Server 2008. It provides resource management and can be used to control the amount of resources a process or a user can use based on business priorities. Process Matching Criteria, which is defined by the name, type or owner of the process, enforces restrictions on the resource usage by a process that matches the criteria. CPU time, bandwidth that it can use, number of processors it can be run on, and allocated to a process can be restricted. Restrictions can be set to be imposed only on certain dates as well.

Server Manager[edit]

Server Manager is a new roles-based management tool for Windows Server 2008.^[25] It is a combination of Manage Your Server and Security Configuration Wizard from Windows Server 2003. Server Manager is an improvement of the Configure my server dialog that launches by default on Windows Server 2003 machines. However, rather than serve only as a starting point to configuring new roles, Server Manager gathers together all of the operations users would want to conduct on the server, such as, getting a remote deployment method set up, adding more server roles etc., and provides a consolidated, portal-like view about the status of each role.^[26]

Protocol and cryptography[edit]

• Support for 128- and 256-bit AES encryption for the Kerberos authentication protocol.
• New cryptography (CNG) API which supports elliptic curve cryptography and improved certificate management.
• Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol, a new Microsoft proprietary VPN protocol.
• AuthIP, a Microsoft proprietary extension of the IKE cryptographic protocol used in IPsec VPN networks.
• Server Message Block 2.0 protocol in the new TCP/IP stack provides a number of communication enhancements, including greater performance when connecting to file shares over high-latency links and better security through the use of mutual authentication and message signing.

Miscellaneous[edit]

• Fully componentized operating system.
• Improved hot patching, a feature that allows non-kernel patches to occur without the need for a reboot.
• Support for being booted from Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)-compliant firmware on x86-64 systems.
• Dynamic Hardware Partitioning supports hot-addition or replacement of processors and memory, on capable hardware.
• Windows Deployment Services (WDS) replacing Automated Deployment Services Windows Server 2008 home entertainment and Remote Installation Services. Windows Deployment Services supports an enhanced multicast feature when deploying operating system images.^[27]
• Internet Information Services 7 — Increased security, Robocopy deployment, improved diagnostic tools, delegated administration.
• Windows Internal Database, a variant of SQL Server Express 2005, which serves as a common storage back-end for several other components such as Windows System Resource Manager, Windows SharePoint Services and Windows Server Update Services. It is not intended to be used by third-party applications.
• An optional «desktop experience» component provides the same Windows Aero user interface as Windows Vista, both for local users, as well as remote users connecting through Remote Desktop.

Removed features[edit]

• The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol component in Routing and Remote Access Service was removed.^[28]
• Services for Macintosh, which provided file and print sharing via the now deprecated AppleTalk protocol, has been removed. Services for Macintosh were initially removed in Windows XP but were available in Windows Server 2003.^[28]
• NTBackup is replaced by Windows Server Backup, and no longer supports backing up to tape drives.^[29] As a result of NTBackup removal, Exchange Server 2007 does not have volume snapshot backup functionality; however Exchange Server 2007 SP2 adds back an Exchange backup plug-in for Windows Server Backup which restores partial functionality.^[30] Windows Small Business Server and Windows Essential Business Server both include this Exchange backup component.^[31]
• The POP3 service has been removed from Internet Information Services 7.0.^[32] The SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) service is not available as a server role in IIS 7.0, it is a server feature managed through IIS 6.0.
• NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) is no longer part of Internet Information Services 7.0.
• ReadyBoost, which is available in Windows Vista, is not supported in Windows Server 2008.

Editions[edit]

Most editions of Windows Server 2008 are available in x86-64 and IA-32 variants. These editions come in two DVDs: One for installing the IA-32 variant and the other for x64. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems supports IA-64 processors. The IA-64 variant is optimized for high-workload scenarios like database servers and Line of Business (LOB) applications. As such, it is not optimized for use as a file server or media server. Windows Server 2008 is the last 32-bit Windows server operating system.^[33]
Editions of Windows Server 2008 include:^[34]

• Windows Server 2008 Foundation (codenamed «Lima»; x86-64) for OEMs only^[35]
• Windows Server 2008 Standard (IA-32 and x86-64)
• Windows Server 2008 Enterprise (IA-32 and x86-64)
• Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (IA-32 and x86-64)
• Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems (IA-64)
• Windows Web Server 2008 (IA-32 and x86-64)
• Windows HPC Server 2008 (codenamed «Socrates»; replacing Windows Compute Cluster Server)
• Windows Storage Server 2008 (codenamed «Magni»; IA-32 and x86-64)
• Windows Small Business Server 2008 (codenamed «Cougar»; x86-64) for small businesses
• Windows Essential Business Server 2008 (codenamed «Centro»; x86-64) for medium-sized businesses^[36] — this edition was discontinued in 2010.^[37]

The Microsoft Imagine program, known as DreamSpark at the time, used to provide verified students with the 32-bit variant of Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition, but the version has since then been removed. However, they still provide the R2 release.

The Server Core feature is available in the Web, Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter editions.

Windows Server 2008 Foundation Released on May 21, 2009.^[38]

System requirements[edit]

System requirements for Windows Server 2008 are as follows:

Scalability[edit]

Windows Server 2008 supports the following maximum hardware specifications:^[42][43][44]

Updates[edit]

Windows Server 2008 shares most of its updates with Windows Vista, given that the operating systems share a codebase. A workaround using the Microsoft Update Catalog allowed the installation of updates for Windows Server 2008 on Windows Vista,^[45] adding nearly 3 years of security updates to that operating system (Support for Windows Vista ended on April 11, 2017,^[46] while support for Windows Server 2008 ended on January 14, 2020).

Service Pack 2[edit]

The RTM release of Windows Server 2008 already includes the updates and fixes of Windows Vista Service Pack 1.

Service Pack 2 was initially announced on October 24, 2008^[47] and released on May 26, 2009. Service Pack 2 added new features, such as Windows Search 4.0, support for Bluetooth 2.1, the ability to write to Blu-ray discs, and simpler Wi-Fi configuration. Windows Server 2008 specifically received the final release of Hyper-V 1.0, improved backwards compatibility with Terminal Server license keys and an approximate 10% reduction in power usage with this service pack.^[48]

Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 share the same service pack update binary.^[49]

Platform Update[edit]

On October 27, 2009, Microsoft released the Platform Update for Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista. It backports several APIs and libraries introduced in Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7 to Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, including the Ribbon API, DirectX 11, the XPS library, the Windows Automation API and the Portable Device Platform.^[50] A supplemental update was released in 2011 to provide improvements and bug fixes.^[51]

Internet Explorer 9[edit]

Windows Server 2008 shipped with Internet Explorer 7, the same version that shipped with Windows Vista. The last supported version of Internet Explorer for Windows Server 2008 is Internet Explorer 9, released in 2011. Internet Explorer 9 was continually updated with cumulative monthly update rollups until support for Internet Explorer 9 on Windows Server 2008 ended on January 14, 2020.^[52] Extended Security Updates (ESU) continue until January 9, 2024 for Azure customers.

.NET Framework[edit]

The latest supported version of the .NET Framework officially is version 4.6, released on October 15, 2015.^[53]

TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support[edit]

In July 2017, Microsoft released an update to add TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support to Windows Server 2008, however it is disabled by default after installing the update.^[54]

SHA-2 signing support[edit]

Starting in March 2019, Microsoft began transitioning to exclusively signing Windows updates with the SHA-2 algorithm. As a result of this Microsoft released several updates throughout 2019 to add SHA-2 signing support to Windows Server 2008.^[55]

Monthly update rollups[edit]

In June 2018, Microsoft announced that they would be moving Windows Server 2008 to a monthly update model beginning with updates released in September 2018^[56] — two years after Microsoft switched the rest of their supported operating systems to that model.^[57]

With the new update model, instead of updates being released as they became available, only two update packages were released on the second Tuesday of every month until Windows Server 2008 reached its end of life — one package containing security and quality updates, and a smaller package that contained only the security updates. Users could choose which package they wanted to install each month. Later in the month, another package would be released which was a preview of the next month’s security and quality update rollup.

Installing the preview rollup package released for Windows Server 2008 on March 19, 2019, or any later released rollup package, will update the operating system kernel’s build number from version 6.0.6002 to 6.0.6003. This change was made so Microsoft could continue to service the operating system while avoiding “version-related issues”.^[58]

The last free security update rollup packages were released on January 14, 2020.^[59]

Windows Server 2008 R2[edit]

A second release of Windows Server 2008 based on Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009^[60] and became generally available on October 22, 2009.^[61] New features added in Windows Server 2008 R2 include new virtualization features, new Active Directory features, Internet Information Services 7.5 and support for up to 256 logical processors. It is the first server operating system by Microsoft to exclusively support 64-bit processors, while consumer-oriented versions of Windows maintained 32-bit support until Windows 11 in 2021.

A service pack for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, formally designed Service Pack 1, was released in February 2011.^[62]

Support lifecycle[edit]

Support for the RTM version of Windows Server 2008 ended on July 12, 2011,^[3][4] and users can no longer receive further security updates for the operating system. As a component of Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 with Service Pack 2 continued to be supported with security updates, lasting until January 14, 2020, the same respective end-of-life dates of its successor, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7.

Microsoft planned to end support for Windows Server 2008 on January 12, 2016. However, in order to give customers more time to migrate to newer Windows versions, particularly in developing or emerging markets, Microsoft decided to extend support to January 14, 2020.^[6][5][7]

Windows Server 2008 is eligible for the paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program. The program allowed volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system for three additional years, until January 10, 2023. The program is also included with Microsoft Azure purchases, and Azure customers receive an extra year of support, until January 9, 2024. The licenses are paid for on a per-machine basis. If a user purchases an Extended Security Updates license in a later year of the program, they must pay for any previous years of Extended Security Updates as well. ^[6][63]

See also[edit]

• BlueKeep (security vulnerability)
• Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
• Comparison of operating systems
• History of Microsoft Windows
• List of operating systems
• Microsoft Servers

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

• Windows Server Performance Team Blog

Version of the Windows NT operating system
Screenshot of Windows Server 2008 showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on.
Developer	Microsoft
OS family	Microsoft Windows
Source model	Closed-source Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Released to manufacturing	February 4, 2008; 15 years ago[1]
General availability	February 27, 2008; 14 years ago[1]
Latest release	Service Pack 2 with March 19, 2019 or later update rollup (6.0.6003)[2] / March 19, 2019; 3 years ago
Marketing target	Business
Update method	Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platforms	IA-32, x86-64, Itanium
Kernel type	Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default user interface	Windows shell (Graphical)
License	Proprietary commercial software
Preceded by	Windows Server 2003 (2003)
Succeeded by	Windows Server 2008 R2 (2009)
Official website	Windows Server 2008
Support status
Mainstream support ended on January 13, 2015[3][4] Extended support ended on January 14, 2020[3][4] Windows Server 2008 is eligible for the paid ESU (Extended Security Updates) program.[5] This program allowed volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system until January 10, 2023,[3] only for Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter volume licensed editions. The updates are included with a Microsoft Azure purchase and Azure customers receive ESU updates until January 9, 2024.[6][5][7] Installing Service Pack 2 is required for users to receive updates and support after July 12, 2011[3][4]

Windows Server 2008 is the fourth release of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of the operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and generally to retail on February 27, 2008. Derived from Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 is the successor of Windows Server 2003 and the predecessor to Windows Server 2008 R2.

Windows Server 2008 is the final version of Windows Server that supports IA-32-based processors (also known as 32-bit processors). Its successor, Windows Server 2008 R2, requires a 64-bit processor in any supported architecture (x86-64 for x86 and Itanium).

History[edit]

Microsoft had released Windows Vista to mixed reception, and their last Windows Server release was based on Windows XP. The operating system’s working title was Windows Server Codename «Longhorn», but was later changed to Windows Server 2008 when Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced it during his keynote address at WinHEC on May 16, 2007.^[8]

Beta 1 was released on July 27, 2005; Beta 2 was announced and released on May 23, 2006, at WinHEC 2006 and Beta 3 was released publicly on April 25, 2007.^[9] Release Candidate 0 was released to the general public on September 24, 2007^[10] and Release Candidate 1 was released to the general public on December 5, 2007. Windows Server 2008 was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and officially launched on the 27th of that month.^[11]

Features[edit]

Windows Server 2008 is built from the same codebase as Windows Vista and thus it shares much of the same architecture and functionality. Since the codebase is common, Windows Server 2008 inherits most of the technical, security, management and administrative features new to Windows Vista such as the rewritten networking stack (native IPv6, native wireless, speed and security improvements); improved image-based installation, deployment and recovery; improved diagnostics, monitoring, event logging and reporting tools; new security features such as BitLocker and address space layout randomization (ASLR); the improved Windows Firewall with secure default configuration; .NET Framework 3.0 technologies, specifically Windows Communication Foundation, Microsoft Message Queuing and Windows Workflow Foundation; and the core kernel, memory and file system improvements. Processors and memory devices are modeled as Plug and Play devices to allow hot-plugging of these devices. This allows the system resources to be partitioned dynamically using dynamic hardware partitioning — each partition has its own memory, processor and I/O host bridge devices independent of other partitions.^[12]

Server Core[edit]

Windows Server 2008 includes a variation of installation called Server Core. Server Core is a significantly scaled-back installation where no Windows Explorer shell is installed. It also lacks Internet Explorer, and many other non-essential features. All configuration and maintenance is done entirely through command-line interface windows, or by connecting to the machine remotely using Microsoft Management Console (MMC). Notepad and some Control Panel applets, such as Regional Settings, are available.

A Server Core installation can be configured for several basic roles, including the domain controller (Active Directory Domain Services), Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (formerly known as Active Directory Application Mode^[13]), DNS Server, DHCP server, file server, print server, Windows Media Server, Internet Information Services 7 web server and Hyper-V virtual server roles. Server Core can also be used to create a cluster with high availability using failover clustering or network load balancing.

Andrew Mason, a program manager on the Windows Server team, noted that a primary motivation for producing a Server Core variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the attack surface of the operating system, and that about 70% of the security vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows from the prior five years would not have affected Server Core.^[14]

Active Directory[edit]

The Active Directory domain functionality that was retained from Windows Server 2003 was renamed to Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS).^[15]

• Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) enables enterprises to share credentials with trusted partners and customers, allowing a consultant to use their company user name and password to log in on a client’s network.
• Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS), (formerly Active Directory Application Mode, or ADAM)
• Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) allow administrators to manage user accounts and the digital certificates that allow them to access certain services and systems. Identity Integration Feature Pack is included as Active Directory Metadirectory Services.
• Active Directory Rights Management Services (ADRMS)
• Read-only domain controllers (RODCs), intended for use in branch office or other scenarios where a domain controller may reside in a low physical security environment. The RODC holds a non-writeable copy of Active Directory, and redirects all write attempts to a full domain controller. It replicates all accounts except sensitive ones.^[16] In RODC mode, credentials are not cached by default. Also, local administrators can be designated to log on to the machine to perform maintenance tasks without requiring administrative rights on the entire domain.^[17]
• Restartable Active Directory allows ADDS to be stopped and restarted from the Management Console or the command-line without rebooting the domain controller. This reduces downtime for offline operations and reduces overall DC servicing requirements with Server Core. ADDS is implemented as a Domain Controller Service in Windows Server 2008.
• All of the Group Policy improvements from Windows Vista are included. Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) is built-in. The Group Policy objects are indexed for search and can be commented on.^[18]
• Policy-based networking with Network Access Protection, improved branch management and enhanced end user collaboration. Policies can be created to ensure greater quality of service for certain applications or services that require prioritization of network bandwidth between client and server.
• Granular password settings within a single domain — ability to implement different password policies for administrative accounts on a «group» and «user» basis, instead of a single set of password settings to the whole domain.

Failover Clustering[edit]

Windows Server 2008 offers high availability to services and applications through Failover Clustering. Most server features and roles can be kept running with little to no downtime.

In Windows Server 2008, the way clusters are qualified changed significantly with the introduction of the cluster validation wizard.^[19] The cluster validation wizard is a feature that is integrated into failover clustering in Windows Server 2008. With the cluster validation wizard, an administrator can run a set of focused tests on a collection of servers that are intended to use as nodes in a cluster. This cluster validation process tests the underlying hardware and software directly, and individually, to obtain an accurate assessment of how well failover clustering can be supported on a given configuration.

This feature is only available in Enterprise and Datacenter editions of Windows Server.

Disk management and file storage[edit]

• The ability to resize hard disk partitions without stopping the server, even the system partition. This applies only to simple and spanned volumes, not to striped volumes.
• Shadow Copy based block-level backup which supports optical media, network shares and Windows Recovery Environment.
• DFS enhancements — SYSVOL on DFS-R, Read-only Folder Replication Member. There is also support for domain-based DFS namespaces that exceed the previous size recommendation of 5,000 folders with targets in a namespace.^[20]
• Several improvements to Failover Clustering (high-availability clusters).^[21]
• Internet Storage Naming Server (iSNS) enables central registration, deregistration and queries for iSCSI hard drives.
• Self-healing NTFS: In Windows versions prior to Windows Vista, if the operating system detected corruption in the file system of an NTFS volume, it marked the volume «dirty»; to correct errors on the volume, it had to be taken offline. With self-healing NTFS, an NTFS worker thread is spawned in the background which performs a localized fix-up of damaged data structures, with only the corrupted files/folders remaining unavailable without locking out the entire volume and needing the server to be taken down. S.M.A.R.T. detection techniques were added to help determine when a hard disk may fail.^[22]

Hyper-V[edit]

Hyper-V is hypervisor-based virtualization software, forming a core part of Microsoft’s virtualization strategy. It virtualizes servers on an operating system’s kernel layer. It can be thought of as partitioning a single physical server into multiple small computational partitions. Hyper-V includes the ability to act as a Xen virtualization hypervisor host allowing Xen-enabled guest operating systems to run virtualized.^[23] A beta version of Hyper-V shipped with certain x86-64 editions of Windows Server 2008, prior to Microsoft’s release of the final version of Hyper-V on 26 June 2008 as a free download. Also, a standalone variant of Hyper-V exists; this variant supports only x86-64 architecture.^[24] While the IA-32 editions of Windows Server 2008 cannot run or install Hyper-V, they can run the MMC snap-in for managing Hyper-V.

Windows System Resource Manager[edit]

Windows System Resource Manager (WSRM) is integrated into Windows Server 2008. It provides resource management and can be used to control the amount of resources a process or a user can use based on business priorities. Process Matching Criteria, which is defined by the name, type or owner of the process, enforces restrictions on the resource usage by a process that matches the criteria. CPU time, bandwidth that it can use, number of processors it can be run on, and allocated to a process can be restricted. Restrictions can be set to be imposed only on certain dates as well.

Server Manager[edit]

Server Manager is a new roles-based management tool for Windows Server 2008.^[25] It is a combination of Manage Your Server and Security Configuration Wizard from Windows Server 2003. Server Manager is an improvement of the Configure my server dialog that launches by default on Windows Server 2003 machines. However, rather than serve only as a starting point to configuring new roles, Server Manager gathers together all of the operations users would want to conduct on the server, such as, getting a remote deployment method set up, adding more server roles etc., and provides a consolidated, portal-like view about the status of each role.^[26]

Protocol and cryptography[edit]

• Support for 128- and 256-bit AES encryption for the Kerberos authentication protocol.
• New cryptography (CNG) API which supports elliptic curve cryptography and improved certificate management.
• Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol, a new Microsoft proprietary VPN protocol.
• AuthIP, a Microsoft proprietary extension of the IKE cryptographic protocol used in IPsec VPN networks.
• Server Message Block 2.0 protocol in the new TCP/IP stack provides a number of communication enhancements, including greater performance when connecting to file shares over high-latency links and better security through the use of mutual authentication and message signing.

Miscellaneous[edit]

• Fully componentized operating system.
• Improved hot patching, a feature that allows non-kernel patches to occur without the need for a reboot.
• Support for being booted from Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)-compliant firmware on x86-64 systems.
• Dynamic Hardware Partitioning supports hot-addition or replacement of processors and memory, on capable hardware.
• Windows Deployment Services (WDS) replacing Automated Deployment Services Windows Server 2008 home entertainment and Remote Installation Services. Windows Deployment Services supports an enhanced multicast feature when deploying operating system images.^[27]
• Internet Information Services 7 — Increased security, Robocopy deployment, improved diagnostic tools, delegated administration.
• Windows Internal Database, a variant of SQL Server Express 2005, which serves as a common storage back-end for several other components such as Windows System Resource Manager, Windows SharePoint Services and Windows Server Update Services. It is not intended to be used by third-party applications.
• An optional «desktop experience» component provides the same Windows Aero user interface as Windows Vista, both for local users, as well as remote users connecting through Remote Desktop.

Removed features[edit]

• The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol component in Routing and Remote Access Service was removed.^[28]
• Services for Macintosh, which provided file and print sharing via the now deprecated AppleTalk protocol, has been removed. Services for Macintosh were initially removed in Windows XP but were available in Windows Server 2003.^[28]
• NTBackup is replaced by Windows Server Backup, and no longer supports backing up to tape drives.^[29] As a result of NTBackup removal, Exchange Server 2007 does not have volume snapshot backup functionality; however Exchange Server 2007 SP2 adds back an Exchange backup plug-in for Windows Server Backup which restores partial functionality.^[30] Windows Small Business Server and Windows Essential Business Server both include this Exchange backup component.^[31]
• The POP3 service has been removed from Internet Information Services 7.0.^[32] The SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) service is not available as a server role in IIS 7.0, it is a server feature managed through IIS 6.0.
• NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) is no longer part of Internet Information Services 7.0.
• ReadyBoost, which is available in Windows Vista, is not supported in Windows Server 2008.

Editions[edit]

Most editions of Windows Server 2008 are available in x86-64 and IA-32 variants. These editions come in two DVDs: One for installing the IA-32 variant and the other for x64. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems supports IA-64 processors. The IA-64 variant is optimized for high-workload scenarios like database servers and Line of Business (LOB) applications. As such, it is not optimized for use as a file server or media server. Windows Server 2008 is the last 32-bit Windows server operating system.^[33]
Editions of Windows Server 2008 include:^[34]

• Windows Server 2008 Foundation (codenamed «Lima»; x86-64) for OEMs only^[35]
• Windows Server 2008 Standard (IA-32 and x86-64)
• Windows Server 2008 Enterprise (IA-32 and x86-64)
• Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (IA-32 and x86-64)
• Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems (IA-64)
• Windows Web Server 2008 (IA-32 and x86-64)
• Windows HPC Server 2008 (codenamed «Socrates»; replacing Windows Compute Cluster Server)
• Windows Storage Server 2008 (codenamed «Magni»; IA-32 and x86-64)
• Windows Small Business Server 2008 (codenamed «Cougar»; x86-64) for small businesses
• Windows Essential Business Server 2008 (codenamed «Centro»; x86-64) for medium-sized businesses^[36] — this edition was discontinued in 2010.^[37]

The Microsoft Imagine program, known as DreamSpark at the time, used to provide verified students with the 32-bit variant of Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition, but the version has since then been removed. However, they still provide the R2 release.

The Server Core feature is available in the Web, Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter editions.

Windows Server 2008 Foundation Released on May 21, 2009.^[38]

System requirements[edit]

System requirements for Windows Server 2008 are as follows:

Scalability[edit]

Windows Server 2008 supports the following maximum hardware specifications:^[42][43][44]

Updates[edit]

Windows Server 2008 shares most of its updates with Windows Vista, given that the operating systems share a codebase. A workaround using the Microsoft Update Catalog allowed the installation of updates for Windows Server 2008 on Windows Vista,^[45] adding nearly 3 years of security updates to that operating system (Support for Windows Vista ended on April 11, 2017,^[46] while support for Windows Server 2008 ended on January 14, 2020).

Service Pack 2[edit]

The RTM release of Windows Server 2008 already includes the updates and fixes of Windows Vista Service Pack 1.

Service Pack 2 was initially announced on October 24, 2008^[47] and released on May 26, 2009. Service Pack 2 added new features, such as Windows Search 4.0, support for Bluetooth 2.1, the ability to write to Blu-ray discs, and simpler Wi-Fi configuration. Windows Server 2008 specifically received the final release of Hyper-V 1.0, improved backwards compatibility with Terminal Server license keys and an approximate 10% reduction in power usage with this service pack.^[48]

Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 share the same service pack update binary.^[49]

Platform Update[edit]

On October 27, 2009, Microsoft released the Platform Update for Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista. It backports several APIs and libraries introduced in Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7 to Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, including the Ribbon API, DirectX 11, the XPS library, the Windows Automation API and the Portable Device Platform.^[50] A supplemental update was released in 2011 to provide improvements and bug fixes.^[51]

Internet Explorer 9[edit]

Windows Server 2008 shipped with Internet Explorer 7, the same version that shipped with Windows Vista. The last supported version of Internet Explorer for Windows Server 2008 is Internet Explorer 9, released in 2011. Internet Explorer 9 was continually updated with cumulative monthly update rollups until support for Internet Explorer 9 on Windows Server 2008 ended on January 14, 2020.^[52] Extended Security Updates (ESU) continue until January 9, 2024 for Azure customers.

.NET Framework[edit]

The latest supported version of the .NET Framework officially is version 4.6, released on October 15, 2015.^[53]

TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support[edit]

In July 2017, Microsoft released an update to add TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support to Windows Server 2008, however it is disabled by default after installing the update.^[54]

SHA-2 signing support[edit]

Starting in March 2019, Microsoft began transitioning to exclusively signing Windows updates with the SHA-2 algorithm. As a result of this Microsoft released several updates throughout 2019 to add SHA-2 signing support to Windows Server 2008.^[55]

Monthly update rollups[edit]

In June 2018, Microsoft announced that they would be moving Windows Server 2008 to a monthly update model beginning with updates released in September 2018^[56] — two years after Microsoft switched the rest of their supported operating systems to that model.^[57]

With the new update model, instead of updates being released as they became available, only two update packages were released on the second Tuesday of every month until Windows Server 2008 reached its end of life — one package containing security and quality updates, and a smaller package that contained only the security updates. Users could choose which package they wanted to install each month. Later in the month, another package would be released which was a preview of the next month’s security and quality update rollup.

Installing the preview rollup package released for Windows Server 2008 on March 19, 2019, or any later released rollup package, will update the operating system kernel’s build number from version 6.0.6002 to 6.0.6003. This change was made so Microsoft could continue to service the operating system while avoiding “version-related issues”.^[58]

The last free security update rollup packages were released on January 14, 2020.^[59]

Windows Server 2008 R2[edit]

A second release of Windows Server 2008 based on Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009^[60] and became generally available on October 22, 2009.^[61] New features added in Windows Server 2008 R2 include new virtualization features, new Active Directory features, Internet Information Services 7.5 and support for up to 256 logical processors. It is the first server operating system by Microsoft to exclusively support 64-bit processors, while consumer-oriented versions of Windows maintained 32-bit support until Windows 11 in 2021.

A service pack for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, formally designed Service Pack 1, was released in February 2011.^[62]

Support lifecycle[edit]

Support for the RTM version of Windows Server 2008 ended on July 12, 2011,^[3][4] and users can no longer receive further security updates for the operating system. As a component of Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 with Service Pack 2 continued to be supported with security updates, lasting until January 14, 2020, the same respective end-of-life dates of its successor, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7.

Microsoft planned to end support for Windows Server 2008 on January 12, 2016. However, in order to give customers more time to migrate to newer Windows versions, particularly in developing or emerging markets, Microsoft decided to extend support to January 14, 2020.^[6][5][7]

Windows Server 2008 is eligible for the paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program. The program allowed volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system for three additional years, until January 10, 2023. The program is also included with Microsoft Azure purchases, and Azure customers receive an extra year of support, until January 9, 2024. The licenses are paid for on a per-machine basis. If a user purchases an Extended Security Updates license in a later year of the program, they must pay for any previous years of Extended Security Updates as well. ^[6][63]

See also[edit]

• BlueKeep (security vulnerability)
• Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
• Comparison of operating systems
• History of Microsoft Windows
• List of operating systems
• Microsoft Servers

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

• Windows Server Performance Team Blog

Версия Windows NT Операционная система
Снимок экрана Windows Server 2008 R2, показывающий приложение Server Manager, которое автоматически открывается при входе администратора в систему.
Разработчик	Microsoft
Семейство ОС	Майкрософт Виндоус
Рабочее состояние	Текущий
Исходная модель	Закрытый источник Источник доступен (через Инициатива общего источника )
Выпущено в производство	22 июля 2009 г.; 11 лет назад
Общий доступность	22 октября 2009 г.; 11 лет назад[1]
Окончательный релиз	Пакет обновления 1 с обновлением платформы или более поздний накопительный пакет обновления (сборка 6.1.7601) / 27 августа 2013 г.; 7 лет назад[2]
Маркетинговая цель	Бизнес
Метод обновления	Центр обновления Windows, Службы обновления Windows Server, SCCM
Платформы	x86-64, Itanium
Ядро тип	Гибридный (Ядро Windows NT )
Дефолт пользовательский интерфейс	Оболочка Windows (Графический )
Лицензия	Коммерческое программное обеспечение (Розничная торговля, корпоративное лицензирование, Программа Microsoft Software Assurance )
Предшествует	Windows Server 2008 (2008)
Преемник	Windows Server 2012 (2012)
Официальный веб-сайт	технет.microsoft.com/ en-us/ windowsserver/ bb310558
Статус поддержки
Основная поддержка закончилась 13 января 2015 года.[3] Расширенная поддержка закончилась 14 января 2020 г.[3] Windows Server 2008 R2 имеет право на участие в программе платных расширенных обновлений безопасности (ESU).[4]. Эта программа позволяет клиентам с корпоративной лицензией ежегодно приобретать обновления безопасности для операционной системы не позднее 10 января 2023 г. только для выпусков с корпоративной лицензией Standard, Enterprise и Datacenter.[5][6][7] Чтобы пользователи получали обновления и поддержку после 9 апреля 2013 г., необходимо установить пакет обновления 1.[8][9]
Статьи в серии
Windows Server 2008 Разработка Windows 7 Новые возможности Windows 7 Функции, удаленные из Windows 7

Windows Server 2008 R2 это четвертая версия Windows Server Операционная система произведено Microsoft и выпущен как часть Windows NT семейство операционных систем. Он был выпущен в OEM-партнеры по оборудованию 22 июля 2009 г.^[10] и стал общедоступный 22 октября того же года.^[11] Это преемник Виндоус виста -основан Windows Server 2008, выпущенный годом ранее.

Улучшения в Windows Server 2008 R2 включают новые функции для Active Directory, новый виртуализация и функции управления, версия 7.5 Информационные службы Интернета веб сервер и поддержка до 256^[12] логические процессоры. Он построен на том же ядро используется с ориентированными на клиента Windows 7, и является первым сервер операционная система, выпущенная Microsoft исключительно для поддержки 64-битных процессоров.

Корпорация Майкрософт прекратила предоставлять обновления безопасности и техническую поддержку для Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM с 9 апреля 2013 г., и необходимо установить пакет обновления 1, чтобы продолжать получать поддержку и обновления для любой данной операционной системы Windows. Было выпущено семь редакций Windows Server 2008 R2: Foundation, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Сервер HPC и Itanium, а также Windows Storage Server 2008 R2. А домашний сервер вариант называется Windows Home Server 2011 также был выпущен.

На смену Windows Server 2008 R2 пришла Windows 8 -основан Windows Server 2012.

История

Microsoft представила Windows Server 2008 R2 на выставке 2008 г. Конференция профессиональных разработчиков как серверный вариант Windows 7.

7 января 2009 г. бета-версия Windows Server 2008 R2 стал доступен подписчикам Microsoft TechNet и MSDN программ, а также участвующих в программе Microsoft Connect для Windows 7. Двумя днями позже бета-версия была выпущена для широкой публики через Центр загрузки Microsoft.^[13]

30 апреля 2009 г. релиз-кандидат был доступен подписчикам TechNet и MSDN.^[14] 5 мая 2009 г. релиз-кандидат был открыт для широкой публики через центр загрузки Microsoft.^[15]

В соответствии с Блог Windows Server,^[16] Ниже приведены даты 2009 года, когда Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 стала доступной для различных каналов распространения:

• OEM-производители получил Windows Server 2008 R2 на английском языке и все языковые пакеты 29 июля. Остальные языки были доступны примерно 11 августа.
• Независимый поставщик программного обеспечения (ISV) и независимый поставщик оборудования Партнеры (IHV) могут загрузить Windows Server 2008 R2 из MSDN, начиная с 14 августа.
• ИТ-специалисты с подписками TechNet смогли загрузить Windows Server 2008 R2 и получить ключи продуктов для вариантов на английском, французском, немецком, итальянском и испанском языках с 14 августа и для всех остальных языков с 21 августа.
• Разработчики с подпиской MSDN могут загружать и получать ключи продуктов для Windows Server 2008 R2 на английском, французском, немецком, итальянском и испанском языках с 14 августа и на всех остальных языках с 21 августа.
• Золотые / сертифицированные участники партнерской программы Microsoft (MPP) смогли загрузить Windows Server 2008 R2 через портал MPP 19 августа.
• Корпоративное лицензирование клиенты с существующими контрактами Software Assurance (SA) смогли загрузить Windows Server 2008 R2 19 августа через Центр обслуживания корпоративных лицензий.
• Клиенты с корпоративным лицензированием без SA смогли приобрести Windows Server 2008 R2 в рамках корпоративного лицензирования к 1 сентября.

Кроме того, учащиеся, отвечающие установленным требованиям, могут загрузить выпуск Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard на 15 языках с сайта Microsoft Imagine программа (известная в то время как DreamSpark).^[17]

Microsoft объявила, что Server 2008 R2 станет последней версией Windows поддержка Itanium архитектура с расширенной поддержкой, заканчивающейся раньше, чем для обычной версии, отличной от Itanium, или «до 10 июля 2018 года».^[18][19][20]

Новые возможности

В руководстве для обозревателя, опубликованном компанией, описывается несколько областей улучшения R2.^[21] К ним относятся новые возможности виртуализации (Живая миграция, Общие тома кластера с помощью Отказоустойчивая кластеризация и Hyper-V ), пониженное энергопотребление, новый набор инструментов управления и новые Active Directory такие возможности, как «корзина» для удаленных объектов. В этот выпуск был добавлен IIS 7.5, который также включает обновленное FTP серверные услуги. Улучшения безопасности включают зашифрованные бесклиентские службы VPN с проверкой подлинности через Прямой доступ для клиентов, использующих Windows 7, и добавление DNSSEC Поддержка для Служба DNS-сервера. Несмотря на то, что DNSSEC как таковой поддерживается, доступен только один алгоритм подписи:^[22] # 5 / RSA / SHA-1. Поскольку многие зоны используют другой алгоритм, включая корневая зона — это означает, что в действительности Windows по-прежнему не может служить рекурсивным преобразователем.

В DHCP сервер поддерживает большое количество улучшений^[23] Такие как MAC-адрес — фильтрация управления на основе, преобразование активных договоров аренды в резервирование или Link Layer фильтры на основе, DHCppP Защита имени для компьютеров, отличных от Windows, для предотвращения сквоттинга имен, повышения производительности за счет агрессивного кэширования базы данных аренды, ведения журнала активности DHCP, автоматического заполнения определенных полей сетевого интерфейса, мастера для конфигурации с разделенной областью действия, Роль DHCP-сервера миграция с использованием WSMT, поддержка DHCPv6 Option 15 (User Class) и Option 32 (Information Refresh Time). Сервер DHCP работает в контексте Сетевая служба учетная запись, у которой меньше прав для уменьшения потенциального ущерба в случае взлома.

Windows Server 2008 R2 поддерживает до 64 физических процессоров^[24] или до 256 логических процессоров на систему. (Только редакции Datacenter и Itanium могут использовать возможности 64 физических процессоров. Enterprise, следующая по величине редакция после этих двух, может использовать только 8.)^[25] При развертывании в роли файлового сервера новые службы инфраструктуры классификации файлов позволяют хранить файлы на выделенных серверах на предприятии в соответствии с соглашениями об именах, актуальными для бизнес-процессов и общей корпоративной политикой.^[26]

Ядро сервера включает подмножество .NET Framework, так что некоторые приложения (в том числе ASP.NET веб-сайты и Windows PowerShell 2.0) можно использовать.

Повышение производительности было основным направлением в этом выпуске; Microsoft заявила, что была проделана работа по сокращению времени загрузки, повышению эффективности операций ввода-вывода при использовании меньшей вычислительной мощности и в целом по повышению скорости устройств хранения, особенно iSCSI.

Active Directory имеет несколько новых функций при повышении функциональных уровней леса и домена.^[27] в Windows Server 2008 R2: две дополнительные функции — это гарантия механизма аутентификации и автоматическое управление SPN. При повышении функционального уровня леса доступна функция корзины Active Directory, которую можно включить с помощью модуля Active Directory для PowerShell.^[28]

Жизненный цикл поддержки

Поддержка установленной Windows Server 2008 R2 была прекращена 9 апреля 2013 г.^[8][9] и пользователи не смогут получать дальнейшие обновления безопасности для операционной системы из-за новых политик, предписывающих, что только пакет обновления Windows 7 и Windows Server 2008 R2^[29] буду^{[нуждается в обновлении ]} продолжать получать обновления безопасности до конца жизненного цикла поддержки для данной операционной системы Windows. Хост, на котором не установлен последний пакет обновления Windows Server 2008 R2, уязвим для вирусов и множественных атак на систему безопасности.

13 января 2015 г. Windows Server 2008 R2 вышла из основной поддержки и вошла в фазу расширенной поддержки; Microsoft продолжала ежемесячно предоставлять обновления безопасности для Windows Server 2008 R2, однако бесплатная техническая поддержка, претензии по гарантии и изменения конструкции больше не предлагались. Расширенная поддержка закончилась 14 января 2020 г., когда исполнилось 10 лет после выпуска Windows Server 2008 R2.^[30] 12 июля 2018 г. Microsoft анонсировала платную услугу «Расширенные обновления безопасности», которая предложит дополнительные обновления для Windows Server 2008 R2. Стандарт, Предприятие и Дата центр на срок до трех лет после окончания расширенной поддержки.

В августе 2019 года исследователи сообщили, что «все современные версии Microsoft Windows» могут подвергаться риску «критического» взлома системы из-за конструктивных недостатков оборудования. драйверы устройств от нескольких провайдеров.^[31] В том же месяце компьютерные эксперты сообщили, что BlueKeep уязвимость безопасности, CVE -2019-0708, что может повлиять на более старые неустановленные версии Microsoft Windows через Протокол удаленного рабочего стола, с учетом возможности удаленное выполнение кода, теперь может включать связанные недостатки, вместе названные DejaBlue, что также влияет на более новые версии Windows (например, Windows 7 и все последние версии).^[32] Кроме того, эксперты сообщили о Microsoft уязвимость безопасности, CVE -2019-1162, на основе устаревший код с участием Microsoft CTF и ctfmon (ctfmon.exe), что затрагивает все Windows версии из более старых Windows XP версия до самых последних версий Windows 10; в настоящее время доступен патч для исправления недостатка.^[33]

В сентябре 2019 года Microsoft объявила, что будет предоставлять бесплатные обновления безопасности для Windows 7 на сертифицированных на федеральном уровне машинах для голосования через Выборы в США 2020.^[34]

Service Pack

9 февраля 2011 года Microsoft официально выпустила пакет обновления 1 (SP1) для Windows 7 и Windows Server 2008 R2 для OEM-партнеров. Помимо исправлений ошибок, в нем представлены две новые основные функции: RemoteFX и динамическая память. RemoteFX позволяет использовать поддержку графического оборудования для трехмерной графики в виртуальной машине на базе Hyper-V. Динамическая память позволяет виртуальной машине выделять только столько физической памяти, сколько временно необходимо для ее выполнения. 16 февраля SP1 стал доступен для подписчиков MSDN и TechNet, а также для клиентов корпоративного лицензирования. С 22 февраля SP1 обычно доступен для загрузки через Центр загрузки Microsoft и доступен в Центре обновления Windows.^[35]

Системные Требования

Системные требования для Windows Server 2008 R2 следующие:^[36]

Процессор

1,4 ГГц x86-64 или же Itanium 2 процессор

объем памяти

Минимум: 512МБ баран (может ограничивать производительность и некоторые функции)

Рекомендуется: 2ГБ баран

Максимум: 8 ГБ ОЗУ (основная), 32 ГБ ОЗУ (стандартная) или 2Туберкулез RAM (Enterprise, Datacenter и Itanium)

Отображать

Супер VGA (800 × 600) или выше

Требования к дисковому пространству

Минимум (выпуски выше Foundation): 32ГБ или больше

Минимум (Foundation edition) 10ГБ или больше.

Компьютерам с более чем 16 ГБ ОЗУ требуется больше дискового пространства для файлов подкачки и дампа.^[36]

Другой

DVD-привод, клавиатура и мышь, доступ в Интернет (требуется для обновления и онлайн активация )

Редакции

Смотрите также

• BlueKeep (уязвимость безопасности)
• Сравнение версий Microsoft Windows
• Сравнение операционных систем
• История Microsoft Windows
• Список операционных систем
• Серверы Microsoft

Рекомендации

внешняя ссылка

• Windows Server 2008 R2 на Microsoft TechNet
• Терротт, Пол (6 октября 2010 г.). «Предварительная версия Windows Server 2008 R2». Суперсайт для Windows. Пентон. Архивировано из оригинал 10 апреля 2011 г.
• Преобразование Windows Server 2008 R2 в рабочую станцию

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Version of the Windows NT operating system
Screenshot of Windows Server 2008 R2 showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on.
Developer	Microsoft
OS family	Microsoft Windows
Working state	Current
Source model	Closed-source Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Released to manufacturing	July 22, 2009; 13 years ago
General availability	October 22, 2009; 13 years ago[1]
Latest release	Service Pack 1 with security update rollup (6.1.7601.24499) / March 19, 2019; 3 years ago[2]
Marketing target	Business
Update method	Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platforms	x86-64, Itanium
Kernel type	Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default user interface	Windows shell (Graphical)
License	Commercial software (Retail, volume licensing, Microsoft Software Assurance)
Preceded by	Windows Server 2008 (2008)
Succeeded by	Windows Server 2012 (2012)
Official website	docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd349801(v=ws.10)
Support status
Mainstream support ended on January 13, 2015.[3] Extended support ended January 14, 2020.[3] Windows Server 2008 R2 is eligible for the paid ESU (Extended Security Updates) program.[4] This program allowed volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system until January 10, 2023,[5] only for Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter volume licensed editions. The program is included with Microsoft Azure purchases, and offers Azure customers an additional year of support, until January 9, 2024. [6][7][8] Installing Service Pack 1 is required for users to receive updates and support after April 9, 2013.[9][10]

Windows Server 2008 R2, codenamed «Windows Server 7», is the fifth version of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft and released as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009,^[11] and became generally available on October 22, 2009, shortly after the completion of Windows 7.^[12] It is the successor to Windows Server 2008, which is derived from the Windows Vista codebase, released the previous year, and was succeeded by the Windows 8-based Windows Server 2012.

Enhancements in Windows Server 2008 R2 include new functionality for Active Directory, new virtualization and management features, version 7.5 of the Internet Information Services web server and support for up to 256^[13] logical processors. It is built on the same kernel used with the client-oriented Windows 7, and is the first server operating system released by Microsoft to exclusively support 64-bit processors, a move which was followed by the consumer-oriented Windows 11 in 2021. Windows Server 2008 R2 is also the last version of Windows to support Itanium processors; its successor, Windows Server 2012, supports x64 processors only.

Seven editions of Windows Server 2008 R2 were released: Foundation, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, HPC Server and Itanium, as well as Windows Storage Server 2008 R2. A home server variant called Windows Home Server 2011 was also released.

History[edit]

Microsoft introduced Windows Server 2008 R2 at the 2008 Professional Developers Conference as the server variant of Windows 7, based on the Windows NT kernel.

On January 7, 2009, a beta release of Windows Server 2008 R2 was made available to subscribers of Microsoft’s TechNet and MSDN programs, as well as those participating in the Microsoft Connect program for Windows 7. Two days later, the beta was released to the public via the Microsoft Download Center.^[14]

On April 30, 2009, the release candidate was made available to subscribers of TechNet and MSDN.^[15] On May 5, 2009, the release candidate was made available to the general public via the Microsoft download center.^[16]

According to Windows Server Blog,^[17] the following are the dates of the year 2009 when Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 has been made available to various distribution channels:

• OEMs received Windows Server 2008 R2 in English and all language packs on July 29. The remaining languages were available around August 11.
• Independent software vendor (ISV) and independent hardware vendor (IHV) partners have been able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 from MSDN starting on August 14.
• IT professionals with TechNet subscriptions were able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 and obtain product keys for English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish variants beginning August 14 and all remaining languages beginning August 21.
• Developers with MSDN subscriptions have been able to download and obtain product keys for Windows Server 2008 R2 in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish starting August 14 and all remaining languages starting August 21.
• Microsoft Partner Program (MPP) gold/certified members were able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 through the MPP portal on August 19.
• Volume licensing customers with an existing Software Assurance (SA) contracts were able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 on August 19 via the Volume License Service Center.
• Volume licensing customers without an SA were able to purchase Windows Server 2008 R2 through volume licensing by September 1.

Additionally, qualifying students have been able to download Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard edition in 15 languages from the Microsoft Imagine program (known as DreamSpark at the time).^[18]

Microsoft has announced that Server 2008 R2 will be the last version of Windows supporting the Itanium architecture, with its extended support ending earlier than for x86-64 editions or «until July 10, 2018.»^[19][20][21]

New features[edit]

A reviewer guide published by the company describes several areas of improvement in R2.^[22] These include new virtualization capabilities (Live Migration, Cluster Shared Volumes using Failover Clustering and Hyper-V), reduced power consumption, a new set of management tools and new Active Directory capabilities such as a «recycle bin» for deleted objects. IIS 7.5 has been added to this release which also includes updated FTP server services. Security enhancements include encrypted clientless authenticated VPN services through DirectAccess for clients using Windows 7, and the addition of DNSSEC support for DNS Server Service. Even though DNSSEC as such is supported, only one signature algorithm is available:^[23] #5/RSA/SHA-1. Since many zones use a different algorithm – including the root zone – this means that in reality Windows still can’t serve as a recursive resolver.

The DHCP server supports a large number of enhancements^[24] such as MAC address-based control filtering, converting active leases into reservations or link layer based filters, DHCppP Name protection for non-Windows machines to prevent name squatting, better performance through aggressive lease database caching, DHCP activity logging, auto-population of certain network interface fields, a wizard for split-scope configuration, DHCP Server role migration using WSMT, support for DHCPv6 Option 15 (User Class) and Option 32 (Information Refresh Time). The DHCP server runs in the context of the Network Service account which has fewer privileges to reduce potential damage if compromised.

Windows Server 2008 R2 supports up to 64 physical processors^[25] or up to 256 logical processors per system. (Only the Datacenter and Itanium editions can take advantage of the capability of 64 physical processors. Enterprise, the next-highest edition after those two, can only use 8.)^[26] When deployed in a file server role, new File Classification Infrastructure services allow files to be stored on designated servers in the enterprise based on business naming conventions, relevance to business processes and overall corporate policies.^[27]

Server Core includes a subset of the .NET Framework, so that some applications (including ASP.NET web sites and Windows PowerShell 2.0) can be used.

Performance improvement was a major area of focus for this release; Microsoft has stated that work was done to decrease boot time, improve the efficiency of I/O operations while using less processing power, and generally improve the speed of storage devices, especially iSCSI.

Active Directory has several new features when raising the forest and domain functional levels^[28] to Windows Server 2008 R2: Two added features are Authentication Mechanism Assurance and Automatic SPN Management. When raising the forest functional level, the Active Directory recycle bin feature is available and can be enabled using the Active Directory Module for PowerShell.^[29]

Support lifecycle[edit]

Support for the RTM version of Windows Server 2008 R2 ended on April 9, 2013.^[9][10] Users had to install Service Pack 1 to continue receiving updates.^[30]

On January 13, 2015, Windows Server 2008 R2 exited mainstream support and entered the extended support phase; Microsoft continued to provide security updates every month for Windows Server 2008 R2, however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes were no longer offered. Extended support ended on January 14, 2020, about ten years after the release of Windows Server 2008 R2.^[31] On July 12, 2018, Microsoft announced a paid «Extended Security Updates» service that will offer additional updates for Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter for up to 3 years after the end of extended support, lasting until January 10, 2023. In November 2021, Microsoft extended ESU support for Windows Server 2008 R2 until January 9, 2024, only for Microsoft Azure customers.

In August 2019, researchers reported that «all modern versions of Microsoft Windows» may be at risk for «critical» system compromise due to design flaws of hardware device drivers from multiple providers.^[32] In the same month, computer experts reported that the BlueKeep security vulnerability, CVE-2019-0708, that potentially affects older unpatched Microsoft Windows versions via the program’s Remote Desktop Protocol, allowing for the possibility of remote code execution, may now include related flaws, collectively named DejaBlue, affecting newer Windows versions (i.e., Windows 7 and all recent versions) as well.^[33] In addition, experts reported a Microsoft security vulnerability, CVE-2019-1162, based on legacy code involving Microsoft CTF and ctfmon (ctfmon.exe), that affects all Windows versions from the older Windows XP version to the most recent Windows 10 versions; a patch to correct the flaw is currently available.^[34]

Service Pack[edit]

On February 9, 2011, Microsoft officially released Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 to OEM partners. Apart from bug fixes, it introduces two new major functions, RemoteFX and Dynamic Memory. RemoteFX enables the use of graphics hardware support for 3D graphics in a Hyper-V based VM. Dynamic Memory makes it possible for a VM to only allocate as much physical RAM as is needed temporarily for its execution. On February 16, SP1 became available for MSDN and TechNet subscribers as well as volume licensing customers. As of February 22, SP1 is generally available for download via the Microsoft Download Center and available on Windows Update.^[35]

System requirements[edit]

System requirements for Windows Server 2008 R2 are as follows:^[36]

Processor

1.4 GHz x86-64 or Itanium 2 processor

Memory

Minimum: 512 MB RAM (may limit performance and some features)

Recommended: 2 GB RAM

Maximum: 8 GB RAM (Foundation), 32 GB RAM (Standard), or 2 TB RAM (Enterprise, Datacenter and Itanium)

Display

Super VGA (800×600) or higher

Disk Space Requirements

Minimum (editions higher than Foundation): 32 GB or more

Minimum (Foundation edition) 10 GB or more.

Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM require more disk space for paging and dump files.^[36]

Other

DVD drive, keyboard and mouse, Internet access (required for updates and online activation)

Editions[edit]

See also[edit]

• BlueKeep (security vulnerability)
• Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
• Comparison of operating systems
• History of Microsoft Windows
• List of operating systems
• Microsoft Servers

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Windows Server 2008 R2 on Microsoft TechNet
• Thurrott, Paul (6 October 2010). «Windows Server 2008 R2 Preview». Supersite for Windows. Penton. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011.
• Convert Windows Server 2008 R2 to Workstation

Windows Server 2008 R2 — серверная операционная система компании Microsoft, являющаяся усовершенствованной версией Windows Server 2008. Поступила в продажу 22 октября 2009 года. Как и Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 использует ядро Windows NT 6.1. Новые возможности включают улучшенную виртуализацию, новую версию Active Directory, Internet Information Services 7.5 и поддержку до 256 процессоров. Это первая ОС Windows Server, доступная только в 64-разрядном варианте^[2].

История

Microsoft анонсировала Windows Server 2008 R2 на конференции Professional Developers Conference как серверный вариант Windows 7.

• 7 января 2009 года бета-версия Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 стала доступна подписчикам Microsoft TechNet и MSDN, участвовавшим в программе предварительного ознакомления с Windows 7.
• 9 января 2009 года бета-версия стала общедоступной для скачивания в Центре загрузки Microsoft.^[3].
• 30 апреля 2009 года — релиз-кандидат (RC) стал доступен подписчикам TechNet и MSDN^[4].
• 5 мая 2009 года — Windows Server 2008 R2 RC доступен в Центре загрузки Microsoft^[5].
• 14 июля 2009 года — создан образ GRMEXVOL_RU_DVD.
• 6 августа 2009 года — релиз Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM доступен подписчикам TechNet и MSDN.
• 20 августа 2009 года — бесплатная 180-дневная версия доступна для скачивания всем желающим^[6].
• 1 сентября 2009 года — Windows Server 2008 R2 доступен для предзаказа.

Выпуск в продажу состоялся 22 октября 2009 года^[7].

Новые компоненты

Microsoft объявила ряд новых компонентов Windows Server 2008 R2 включая:

• Улучшенная поддержка виртуализации: программа Live Migration, поддержка Cluster Shared Volumes (Failover Clustering) и Hyper-V, уменьшенное потребление электропитания;
• Поддержка Корзины для удалённых объектов Active Directory;
• Internet Information Services 7.5: новый сервер FTP, расширения безопасности DNS, DirectAccess;
• Поддержка до 256 процессоров (Windows Server 2003 — до 64 процессоров);
• Возможность классификации файлов, отвечающих за ту или иную роль сервера. Поддержка нескольких типов классификации на одном файле;
• Windows PowerShell 2.0;
• Поддержка iSCSI;
• Интерфейс (классический) и приложения Windows 7.

Окончание поддержки

Поддержка Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM без установленного Service Pack 1 завершилась 9 апреля 2013 года^[8]. Основная поддержка Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 закончилась 13 января 2015 года, а расширенная поддержка завершилась 14 января 2020 года^[9]. В этот же день Microsoft закончила поддержку и Windows Server 2008. Платная поддержка для корпоративных серверов завершилась 10 января 2023 года. Для Windows Server 2008 R2 в Microsoft Azure обновления безопасности бесплатны и будут выпускаться до 9 января 2024 года [2].

Примечания

См. также

• Windows 7
• Windows Server 2008

Литература

• Рэнд Моримото, Майкл Ноэл, Омар Драуби, Росс Мистри, Крис Амарис. Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2. Полное руководство = Windows Server 2008 R2 Unleashed. — М.: «Вильямс», 2011. — С. 1456. — ISBN 978-5-8459-1653-2.

Эта страница в последний раз была отредактирована 17 января 2023 в 18:52.

Как только страница обновилась в Википедии она обновляется в Вики 2.
Обычно почти сразу, изредка в течении часа.

Windows Server 2008 R2
Скриншот интерфейса Windows Server 2008 R2
Разработчик	Microsoft
Семейство ОС	Windows NT
Первый выпуск	22 октября 2009
Последняя версия	6.1 (сборка 7601) (7601.win7sp1_gdr.110622-1506) — 22 февраля 2011
Тип ядра	Гибридное ядро
Лицензия	Пользовательское соглашение Microsoft
Состояние	Актуальное
Веб-сайт	www.microsoft.com

Windows Server 2008 R2 — серверная операционная система компании «Microsoft», являющаяся усовершенствованной версией Windows Server 2008. Поступила в продажу 22 октября 2009^[1]. Как и Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 использует ядро Windows NT 6.1. Новые возможности включают улучшенную виртуализацию, новую версию Active Directory, Internet Information Services 7.5 и поддержку до 256 процессоров. Это первая ОС Windows, доступная только в 64-разрядном варианте.

История

Microsoft анонсировала Windows Server 2008 R2 на конференции Professional Developers Conference как серверный вариант Windows 7.

• 7 января 2009 года бета-версия Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 стала доступна подписчикам Microsoft TechNet и MSDN, участвовавшим в программе предварительного ознакомления с Windows 7.
• 9 января 2009 года бета-версия стала общедоступной для скачивания в Центре загрузки Microsoft.^[2].
• 30 апреля 2009 года — релиз-кандидат (RC) стал доступен подписчикам TechNet и MSDN.^[3]
• 5 мая 2009 года — Windows Server 2008 R2 RC доступен в Центре загрузки Microsoft^[4]
• 14 июля 2009 года — создан образ GRMEXVOL_RU_DVD
• 6 августа 2009 года — релиз Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM доступен подписчикам TechNet и MSDN.
• 20 августа 2009 года — бесплатная 180-дневная версия доступна для скачивания всем желающим^[5]
• 1 сентября 2009 года — Windows Server 2008 R2 доступен для предзаказа.

Выпуск в продажу состоялся 22 октября 2009 года^[1]

Новые компоненты

Microsoft объявила ряд новых компонентов Windows Server 2008 R2 включая:

• Улучшенная поддержка виртуализации: программа Live Migration, поддержка Cluster Shared Volumes (Failover Clustering) и Hyper-V, уменьшенное потребление электропитания;
• Поддержка Корзины для удалённых объектов Active Directory;
• Internet Information Services 7.5: новый сервер FTP, расширения безопасности DNS, DirectAccess;
• Поддержка до 256 процессоров (Windows Server 2003 — до 64 процессоров);
• Возможность классификации файлов отвечающих за ту или иную роль сервера. Поддержка нескольких типов классификации на одном файле;
• Windows PowerShell 2.0;
• Возможность удаления GUI после установки;
• Поддержка iSCSI;
• Интерфейс (классический) и приложения Windows 7.

Примечания

См. также

• Windows 7
• Windows Server 2008

Литература

• Рэнд Моримото, Майкл Ноэл, Омар Драуби, Росс Мистри, Крис Амарис Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2. Полное руководство = Windows Server 2008 R2 Unleashed. — М.: «Вильямс», 2011. — С. 1456. — ISBN 978-5-8459-1653-2

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