How to install qt designer on windows

To create a GUI for your windows and dialogs in PyQt, you can take two main paths: you can use Qt Designer, or you can hand code the GUI in plain Python code. The first path can dramatically improve your productivity, whereas the second path puts you in full control of your application’s code.

GUI applications often consist of a main window and several dialogs. If you’re looking to create these graphical components in an efficient and user-friendly way, then Qt Designer is the tool for you. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use Qt Designer to create your GUIs productively.

In this tutorial, you’ll learn:

• What Qt Designer is and how to install it on your system
• When to use Qt Designer vs hand coding for building your GUIs
• How to build and lay out the GUI of an application’s main window using Qt Designer
• How to create and lay out the GUI of your dialogs with Qt Designer
• How to use Qt Designer’s .ui files in your GUI applications

For a better understanding of the topics in this tutorial, you can check out the following resources:

• Python and PyQt: Building a GUI Desktop Calculator
• Python and PyQt: Creating Menus, Toolbars, and Status Bars
• PyQt Layouts: Create Professional-Looking GUI Applications

You’ll put all this knowledge together by using the GUIs that you’ll build with Qt Designer in a sample text editor application. You can get the code and all the required resources to build this application by clicking the link below:

$ python3 -m venv ./venv
$ source venv/bin/activate
(venv) $ pip install pyqt5 pyqt5-tools

$ sudo apt install qttools5-dev-tools

sample_editor/
│
└── ui/
    ├── resources/
    │   ├── edit-copy.png
    │   ├── edit-cut.png
    │   ├── edit-paste.png
    │   ├── file-exit.png
    │   ├── file-new.png
    │   ├── file-open.png
    │   ├── file-save.png
    │   └── help-content.png
    │
    ├── find_replace.ui
    └── main_window.ui

$ pyuic5 -o main_window_ui.py ui/main_window.ui

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'ui/main_window.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.1
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again.  Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(413, 299)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        # Snip...

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Sample Editor"))
        self.menu_File.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "&File"))
        # Snip...

sample_editor/
│
├── ui/
│   ├── resources/
│   │   ├── edit-copy.png
│   │   ├── edit-cut.png
│   │   ├── edit-paste.png
│   │   ├── file-exit.png
│   │   ├── file-new.png
│   │   ├── file-open.png
│   │   ├── file-save.png
│   │   └── help-content.png
│   │
│   ├── find_replace.ui
│   └── main_window.ui
│
└── main_window_ui.py

 1import sys
 2
 3from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
 4    QApplication, QDialog, QMainWindow, QMessageBox
 5)
 6from PyQt5.uic import loadUi
 7
 8from main_window_ui import Ui_MainWindow
 9
10class Window(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
11    def __init__(self, parent=None):
12        super().__init__(parent)
13        self.setupUi(self)
14        self.connectSignalsSlots()
15
16    def connectSignalsSlots(self):
17        self.action_Exit.triggered.connect(self.close)
18        self.action_Find_Replace.triggered.connect(self.findAndReplace)
19        self.action_About.triggered.connect(self.about)
20
21    def findAndReplace(self):
22        dialog = FindReplaceDialog(self)
23        dialog.exec()
24
25    def about(self):
26        QMessageBox.about(
27            self,
28            "About Sample Editor",
29            "<p>A sample text editor app built with:</p>"
30            "<p>- PyQt</p>"
31            "<p>- Qt Designer</p>"
32            "<p>- Python</p>",
33        )
34
35class FindReplaceDialog(QDialog):
36    def __init__(self, parent=None):
37        super().__init__(parent)
38        loadUi("ui/find_replace.ui", self)
39
40if __name__ == "__main__":
41    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
42    win = Window()
43    win.show()
44    sys.exit(app.exec())

замечания

Версии

Установка и настройка в Windows и Linux

Загрузите Qt для Linux с открытым исходным кодом

Перейдите на страницу https://www.qt.io/download-open-source/ и нажмите «Загрузить сейчас», убедитесь, что вы загружаете программу установки Qt для Linux.

Будет загружен файл с именем qt-unified-linux-x-online.run, затем добавьте разрешение exec

chmod +x qt-unified-linux-x-online.run

Не забудьте изменить «x» для фактической версии установщика. Затем запустите программу установки

./qt-unified-linux-x-online.run

Загрузите Qt для Windows с открытым исходным кодом

Перейдите на страницу https://www.qt.io/download-open-source/ . На следующем скриншоте показана страница загрузки в Windows:

То, что вы должны сделать сейчас, зависит от того, какую IDE вы собираетесь использовать. Если вы собираетесь использовать Qt Creator, который включен в программу установки, просто нажмите «Загрузить сейчас» и запустите исполняемый файл.

Если вы собираетесь использовать Qt в Visual Studio, обычно также должна работать кнопка «Загрузить сейчас». Убедитесь, что загруженный файл называется qt-opensource-windows-x86-msvc2015_64-xxxexe или qt-opensource-windows-x86-msvc2015_32-xxxexe (где xxx — версия Qt, например 5.7.0). Если это не так, нажмите «Просмотреть все заказы» и выберите один из первых четырех вариантов под Windows Host.

Если вы собираетесь использовать Qt в Code :: Blocks, нажмите «Просмотреть все закачки» и выберите Qt xxx для Windows 32-bit (MinGW xxx, 1.2 GB) под Windows Host.

После того как вы загрузите соответствующий файл установщика, запустите исполняемый файл и следуйте приведенным ниже инструкциям. Обратите внимание, что вам нужно быть администратором для установки Qt. Если вы не являетесь администратором, вы можете найти несколько альтернативных решений здесь .

Установите Qt в любую операционную систему

После того, как вы загрузили Qt и открыли программу установки, процедура установки одинакова для всех операционных систем, хотя скриншоты могут выглядеть несколько иначе. Представленные здесь скриншоты взяты из Linux.

Войдите в существующую учетную запись Qt или создайте новую:

Выберите путь для установки Qt-библиотек и инструментов

Выберите версию библиотеки и функции, которые вы хотите

После завершения загрузки и завершения установки перейдите в каталог установки Qt и запустите Qt Creator или запустите его непосредственно из командной строки.

Привет, мир

В этом примере мы просто создаем и показываем кнопку в рамке окна на рабочем столе. На кнопке появится ярлык Hello world!

Это представляет собой простейшую возможную программу Qt.

Прежде всего нам нужен файл проекта:

helloworld.pro

QT       += core gui

greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

TARGET = helloworld
TEMPLATE = app

SOURCES += main.cpp

• QT используется для указания того, какие библиотеки (модули Qt) используются в этом проекте. Поскольку наше первое приложение представляет собой небольшой графический интерфейс, нам понадобятся QtCore и QtGui. Поскольку Qt5 выделяет QtWidgets из QtGui, нам нужно добавить строку greaterThan , чтобы скомпилировать ее с Qt5.
• TARGET — это имя приложения или библиотеки.
• TEMPLATE описывает тип сборки. Это может быть приложение (приложение), библиотека (lib) или просто подкаталоги (поддиры).
• SOURCES — это список файлов исходного кода, которые будут использоваться при создании проекта.

Нам также нужен main.cpp, содержащий приложение Qt:

main.cpp

#include <QApplication>
#include <QPushButton>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);

    QPushButton button ("Hello world!");
    button.show();

    return a.exec(); // .exec starts QApplication and related GUI, this line starts 'event loop'    
}

• Объект QApplication. Этот объект управляет ресурсами приложения и необходим для запуска любой программы Qt с графическим интерфейсом. Ему нужны argv и args, потому что Qt принимает несколько аргументов командной строки. При вызове a.exec() запускается цикл событий Qt.
• Объект QPushButton. Кнопка с ярлыком Hello world! , Следующая строка, button.show() , показывает кнопку на экране в своем окне.

Наконец, чтобы запустить приложение, откройте командную строку и введите каталог, в котором у вас есть .cpp-файл программы. Введите следующие команды оболочки для сборки программы.

qmake -project
qmake
make

Базовое приложение с QtCreator и QtDesigner

QtCreator на данный момент является лучшим инструментом для создания приложения Qt. В этом примере мы увидим, как создать простое приложение Qt, которое управляет кнопкой и пишет текст.

Чтобы создать новое приложение, щелкните Файл-> Новый файл или Проект:

Затем выберите приложение «Projects-> Application-> Qt Widgets»

Затем вы можете выбрать имя и путь вашего проекта:

Затем вы можете выбрать набор, который вы будете использовать. Если у вас нет какого-либо набора, QtCreator создаст комплект с вашей версией Qt и основным компилятором вашего компьютера. Если у вас нет компилятора, вы можете установить его. В Windows: установите Visual Studio. В Linux / Mac: установите g ++ или clang ++.

Затем вы можете выбрать имя вашего основного класса окна, унаследованного класса, имя файла, соответствующего вашему классу основного окна. Если вы изучаете или тестируете Qt, вам действительно не нужно их менять.

Последним шагом может быть выбор подпроекта этого проекта и добавление контроля версий, такого как git и svn. Опять же, если это только для тестов, вам не нужно их менять.

Затем нажмите кнопку «Готово». Теперь вы должны быть здесь:

Это база вашего приложения. если вы запустите его сейчас, щелкнув Build-> Run или ctrl + R (по умолчанию), вы увидите пустое окно.

Теперь мы добавим текст и кнопку. для этого мы будем использовать Qt Designer. Дважды щелкните по mainwindow.ui Итак, теперь вы должны увидеть: (если нет, и вы видите какой-то xml-файл, нажмите кнопку «Дизайн» слева)

Здесь Qt Designer! Кажется довольно сложным. Но как только вы привыкнете к этому, это действительно здорово. Мы добавим текст и кнопку. Слева находится список предметов. Вы можете щелкнуть по одному и перетащить объекты. Нажмите на кнопку и отпустите ее в окне. Затем выполните поиск в Label и сделайте то же самое (у вас есть фильтр в верхнем левом углу, где вы можете написать объект, который вы ищете).

Теперь у вас должно быть что-то вроде этого:

Двойным щелчком объекта вы можете изменить текст на них. Или вы можете увидеть в правой нижней части свойства объекта, который вы сейчас находитесь, и найти свойство текста. Здесь вы также можете изменить имя.

Теперь, если вы сохраните и запустите (лучше нажмите кнопку редактирования, затем сохраните снова, чтобы убедиться, что ваши изменения сохранены), вы получаете:

А? Почему мой ярлык и кнопка такие, когда я бегу? Это потому, что в нашем центральном объекте нет макета. Кстати, если вы измените размер основного окна, вы увидите, что объект сохраняет свое место. Поэтому, чтобы исправить это, мы добавим макет. Скажем, вертикальный макет. Поэтому перетащите вертикальный макет из списка объектов слева. Теперь вы должны увидеть:

Плавающий макет.

Итак, теперь щелкните правой кнопкой мыши в главном окне, где угодно, кроме метки и кнопки. c Щелкните по Lay out-> Lay Out Vertically. Теперь вы должны увидеть, что ваши объекты вертикально выровнены в вашем окне. Итак, теперь Move (с перетаскиванием снова), ваш ярлык и кнопка в макете. теперь вы должны получить:

В вашем дизайнере. И если вы запустите приложение:

Здесь вы можете увидеть свое приложение с меткой и кнопкой. И если вы измените размер своего окна, метка и кнопка тоже изменятся.

Но наша кнопка все еще ничего не делает. Мы можем изменить его двумя разными способами. Первый заключается в том, чтобы соединить кнопку с методом, который мы создали. Мы можем сделать это с именем метода connect. Итак, давайте вернемся к нашему коде и перейдем к mainwindow.cpp теперь добавим:

connect(ui->pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked(bool)), this, SLOT(whenButtonIsClicked()));

В конструкторе вашего MainWindow ПОСЛЕ ui->setupUI(this); которые инициализируют ui.

Затем мы можем создать MainWindow :: whenButtonIsClicked () в нашем классе .cpp, который может изменить текст метки следующим образом:

void MainWindow::whenButtonIsClicked()
{
    ui->label->setText("the button has been clicked !");
}

И в нашем mainwindow.h нам нужно добавить:

public slots:
    void whenButtonIsClicked();

Открытые слоты означают, что этот метод можно вызвать, когда принимается сигнал. подключите сигнал, когда мы нажимаем кнопку и метод вызова.

Итак, теперь, если мы запустим наше приложение и нажмем на кнопку, получим:

Это означает, что наше соединение работает. Но с Qt Designer у нас есть еще более простой способ сделать это. Если вы хотите сделать другой способ, удалите соединение, чтобы отсоединить кнопку (потому что мы будем подключать ее по-другому), вернитесь к mainwindow.ui и щелкните правой кнопкой мыши по кнопке. Нажмите «Перейти в слот …», выберите «Щелкнуть» () и нажмите «ОК».

Затем вам следует перейти к этой функции:

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
}

Это функция, которая будет вызываться, когда вы нажимаете на кнопку. Таким образом, вы можете добавить

ui->label->setText("it's even easier !");

Внутрь. Перейдите в mainwindow.h, чтобы сохранить изменения (когда вы делаете переход в слот, он создает метод, связанный с запросом сигнала. Он определяет функцию в .h, но не сохраняет ее. в файл и сохранить его).

И теперь, когда вы запускаете приложение и нажимаете кнопку, вы можете увидеть новое сообщение (если вы все еще видите старое, это значит, что вы не удалили соединение).

Мы также можем добавить int, double и т. Д. В наш ярлык благодаря QVariant который является удивительным классом, который может преобразовать многие вещи во многих других вещах. Поэтому слева добавьте int, который увеличивается, когда мы нажимаем кнопку.

Итак. .H:

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>

namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~MainWindow();

public slots:
    void whenButtonIsClicked();

private slots:
    void on_pushButton_clicked();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow  *ui;
    double          _smallCounter;
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

.Cpp:

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
//    connect(ui->pushButton, SIGNAL(clicked(bool)), this, SLOT(whenButtonIsClicked()));
    _smallCounter = 0.0f;
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::whenButtonIsClicked()
{
    ui->label->setText("the button has been clicked !");
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
    _smallCounter += 0.5f;
    ui->label->setText("it's even easier ! " + QVariant(_smallCounter).toString());
}

И теперь, мы можем сохранить и запустить снова. Каждый раз, когда вы нажимаете на кнопку, она показывает «это еще проще!» Со значением _smallCounter. Поэтому у вас должно быть что-то вроде:

Это руководство сделано. Если вы хотите узнать больше о Qt, давайте посмотрим другие примеры и документацию Qt в документации StackOverflow или Qt Documentation

From Qt Wiki

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Qt Designerэто инструмент Qt для проектирования и построения графических пользовательских интерфейсов (GUI) с виджетами Qt . Вы можете составлять и настраивать свои окна или диалоги по принципу «что видишь, то и получаешь» (WYSIWYG) и тестировать их, используя разные стили и разрешения.

Виджеты и формы,созданные сQt Designerлегко интегрируется с программируемым кодом,используя сигналы и механизм слотов Qt,так что вы можете легко присвоить поведение графическим элементам.Все свойства,установленные вQt Designerможет динамически изменяться внутри кода.Кроме того,такие функции,как продвижение виджетов и пользовательские плагины,позволяют использовать собственные компоненты с помощьюQt Designer.

Примечание: у вас есть возможность использовать Qt Quick для дизайна пользовательского интерфейса, а не виджетов. Это гораздо более простой способ писать различные приложения. Он обеспечивает полностью настраиваемый внешний вид, элементы, реагирующие на прикосновения, и плавные анимированные переходы, подкрепленные мощью ускорения графики OpenGL.

Если вы новичок вQt Designer, вы можете взглянуть на документ Знакомство с Qt Designer . Краткое руководство по использованиюQt Designerсм . Краткое руководство по Qt Designer .

Содержание

• Быстрый запуск в Qt Designer
• Режимы редактирования Qt Designer’s Editing Modes
  • Режим редактирования виджета
  • Режим редактирования сигналов и слотов
  • Режим редактирования Buddy
  • Режим редактирования заказа вкладки
• Использование макетов в Qt Designer
• Сохранение,предварительный просмотр и печать форм в Qt Designer
• Использование контейнеров в Qt Designer
• Создание основных Windows в Qt Designer
• Редактирование ресурсов с помощью Qt Designer
• Использование таблиц стилей с Qt Designer
• Использование файла пользовательского интерфейса дизайнера в приложении на C++
• Использование файла пользовательского интерфейса конструктора в приложении Qt for Python
• Advanced Use
  • Настройка форм Qt Designer
  • Использование пользовательских виджетов с Qt Designer
  • Создание пользовательских виджетов для дизайнера Qt
  • Создание пользовательских расширений виджета
  • Формат файла пользовательского интерфейса Qt Designer’s File Format

Qt

6.2

• qt_generate_dbus_interface

  Генерирует интерфейс D-Bus из заголовочного файла.

• Qt D-Bus

  D-Bus-это механизм межпроцессного взаимодействия (IPC)и удаленного вызова процедур (RPC),первоначально разработанный для Linux,чтобы заменить существующие конкурирующие механизмы.

• QTemporaryDir Class

  Класс QTemporaryDir создает уникальный каталог для использования.

• QTemporaryFile Class

  Класс QTemporaryFile-это устройство ввода-вывода,которое работает с файлами.

To get us started doing something useful with Qt Designer, we are going to build a simple program that will show you the power of Qt Designer and KDevelop. I hope that this will help you to create your first «real» KDE application.

KDevelop will help you to build a complete KDE application. The KDE project uses the autoconf and automake tools for KDE 3.x, and KDevelop will provide you with all the necessary files (admin directory, Makefile.cvs, Makefile.am,…).

Requirements

How to Get Qt Designer

From your Distribution

Qt Designer is part of the qt-3.2.x package and above. If you have an older Qt on your system, you should get at least this version. At the time of writing, Qt latest version is 3.3.2.

Please remember to check if you have all the qt-related packages installed. You need the qt headers in order to compile this tutorial application. These headers usually come in the devel package. You also need to be sure you have designer. In some distributions, it comes in a separate package.

To check if you have everything, do a:
locate qstring.h

If you get something like /usr/lib/qt3/include/qstring.h then you can set your QTDIR variable to /usr/lib/qt3/. In bash environment, this is done by typing:

export QTDIR= /usr/lib/qt3

Tarball or Anonymous Subversion

You can download the tarball from the Trolltech website, or get the qt-copy module from SVN. Please note that Qt for Linux is GPL.

For an explanation for how to use anonymous SVN, get the qt-copy and kde modules and compile them, please see a great documentation at Using Subversion with KDE.

You must then set the QTDIR environment variable. This should point to the directory into which you installed Qt. In bash, for example, you would type export QTDIR= /usr/local/qt
provided that /usr/local/qt is the directory into which you installed Qt. Please read the INSTALL file for more details.

You then compile by issuing the following commands, here is the recommended compile line:

./configure -system-zlib -qt-gif -system-libpng -system-libjpeg 
-plugin-imgfmt-mng -thread -no-exceptions -debug -fast
make

The command make install is not needed.

Qt Designer is located in the bin directory of your Qt installation directory. You can run it by typing:
/usr/local/qt/bin/designer
in a console.

To compile Qt from source, please see Trolltech’s Qt/X11 Open Source Edition page.

How to get KDevelop 3

From your Distribution

KDevelop 3 should be part of your distribution. Pre 3 versions of KDevelop were nicknamed Gideon, but they are obsolete now.

From Tarball

KDevelop can be downloaded from the KDevelop website, under the Quick download heading.

To compile KDevelop 3, you need qt-3.1.0 or higher and kdelibs-3.1.0 or higher. The environment variables QTDIR and KDEDIR should point to those directories.

Don’t forget to set up the KDE and Qt paths. The most common errors while using KDevelop come from the environment variables not set up properly. Check in a console by issuing the command set to see all your environment variables. You should set your PATH variable as follow as well as your LD_LIBRARY_PATH:

export PATH=$QTDIR/bin:$KDEDIR/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

If you have any problem getting KDevelop running, please refer to the KDevelop Forum to find the answer to your problem.

If you never used KDevelop before, try to create a new project and to compile it to get used to the interface and the icons.

KDevelop 3.4

Please refer to Downloading KDevelop 3.4 and Compiling KDevelop 3.4.

Lexicon

• Widget: a widget is an element of an graphical interface such as a container window, a button or a field for entering text.
• Layout management: this term describes the way in which widgets are arranged in a window. In its simplest form, an element may be placed at a specific position and given a specific height and width. But when the user resizes the window, the widgets should stay in their position and change their size accordingly. Linux allows to do that by using layouts to place the widgets in.
• Signal and Slots: Signals and slots are used for communication between objects. The signal/slot mechanism is a central feature of Qt. Signals are emitted by objects when they change their state in a way that may be interesting to the outside world. Slots can be used for receiving signals, but they are normal member functions. You can connect as many signals as you want to a single slot, and a signal can be connected to as many slots as you desire. Please see the TrollTech documentation on signals and slots for more details. In the excellent online documentation that comes with Qt, you’ll find the signals and the public slots that go with each class. You can then implement your own slots.

Creating the Application

Starting the project

Creating the framework with KDevelop

The framework in which our program will sit in (i.e. the main window) can be done easily and quickly by using KDevelop. Start KDevelop and select New Project in the Project menu. The Application Wizard appears then. Choose a C++ -> KDE -> Simple KDE Application. Fill in the blank lines with the project name SigCreate, your name as author, and your email. Refer to the following screenshot as a reference:

Click on Next. Have a look to the CVS option and the header templates. Then click on Finish on the last screen. KDevelop creates all the files that you need to compile your project. You can use the file selector to view the code of the 3 files, which are main.cpp, sigcreate.cpp and sigcreate.h, as shown here:

.

Once the Application Wizard has created your application, compile it to ensure that everything is fine. To do that, select Build -> Run automake & friends then Build -> Run configure. The Messages output window should say

Good - your configure finished. Start make now

 *** Success ***

so you can run Make with Build -> Build Project (or using the F8 shortcut). Then Build -> Install. Then Build -> Execute program (or F9). The result is shown here:

.

Note: If KDevelop does not recognize your QTDIR and KDEDIR variables, you can set them in Configure Optiona… -> Project -> Project Options…, as shown:

.

Using Qt Designer

Qt Designer is a tool for designing and implementing user interfaces. It helps you arranging your widgets on a form and adding a proper layout so your interface can be resized properly. I recommend that you read the Qt Designer manual to know everything about Qt Designer. Qt Designer includes a code editor but we’ll use KDevelop to edit and modify all code.

We will now create the interface of our application using Qt Designer. A form from Qt Designer is saved with a .ui extension because it is then processed by the uic program to generate a .h and .cpp files. KDevelop takes care of that, the only thing we need to do is to create the form.

Note: Each time you add or remove a file (now we will add a .ui file) in your KDevelop project, the Makefile.am will be changed. KDevelop does that itself but you will need to Run automake & friends after such changes.

In KDevelop, click on File -> New and fill the dialog window that appears. First write the file name: sigcreatedlg and select what new file you want in the combobox: here we want a Widget (.ui). Please be sure that Add to project is checked, as this ensures that the Makefile.am is updated. Refer to this screen shot:

Click the OK button. The Automake manager dialog then pops up.

Click the OK button for this dialog as well.

If the new file sigcreatedlg.ui is not open in Qt Designer, open the Automake Manager, right-click on the file and select Open With -> Qt Designer. Qt Designer will open.

Tip: About the names: it is a good idea to finish a dialog name or a form name by dlg to ensure a nice visibility for people who want to have a look at the code. sigcreatedlg says that it is a dialog, i.e an interface class, only.

The Qt Designer interface is essentially split into three areas.

On the left is the toolbox, where you can select your widgets. On the right, several dialogs can be selected. I’ll keep only the Property Editor dialog (I close the 2 others). Your widgets can be fine tuned to behave how you want them to. You can choose the size of the widget, its background color (palette), and so on. Between those 2 windows is the Form, your program window, within which you will design your user interface.

Note: After adding the sigcreatedlg.ui file, you will have to run Automake & friends and Run configure before building the program. This ensures that the updated Makefile.am is now read.

Designing the Program

Each time you want to use Qt Designer, you should have a precise visual idea of the design of your interface. You can see in the following picture what the program will be like.

It is a window with a number of different items (or widgets) on it, designed so that the user puts the right information in the right boxes. You should always design your program from the user’s point of view, as it must be easy to use.

This application creates an email signature, which is then displayed on the screen. The user should enter her/his name, email address, and then select one of three comments. When you click the Create! button, the generated signature is shown in a MultiLineEdit. When you click Cancel, the program quits.

Note: Note that this project is meant as a tutorial, so this is somewhat far away from practical use.

Go back to the Qt Designer window with the new dialog open. You will see that the property editor has been filled with details about the form you have created. The first line in the Property Editor shows the name of the form which is Form1.

Click on the field with this name to change it and type SigCreateDlg. This will form the class name of the dialog so you should name it something useful.

To change properties, select the property you wish to change, then alter its setting on the right. Change the Caption property to «SigCreateDlg v.01». We will now begin to add widgets on our dialog.

Adding Widgets

To start, we will insert the text at the top of the program window, which can be seen here:

This text tells the user how to operate the program. This type of widget is called a Label and you can put one on your program like this:

1. Select the dialog in ToolBox called Common Widgets -> TextLabel, or from the menubar Tools -> Display -> TextLabel
2. The cursor will become a crosshair over the form. Draw a box for the label, just as you would in a paint program, and you will see that the label is created with some dummy text in it.
3. To change this text, double click on the label and type in the text, instead of TextLabel1. The text you should type is This program will create an email signature for you. Just fill in the boxes and hit the Create! button. Select Align Center to have the text positioned nicely. Refer to this screenshot:

   

   .

4. Finally, resize the widget using the handles so it is the correct size and at the top of the box. Try to center the label by moving it with the mouse. This is just a temporary measure. Later on we will look at a more elegant layout management technique. You may refer to this screenshot:

.

You follow pretty much the same procedure for embedding any type of widget that is supported by Qt Designer; select it, drag it, and finally, change its properties and size.

An interesting concept in Qt Designer is that widgets can act as containers for other widgets. This will be demonstrated in our next task, which is to create the input fields inside the frame. You can see that in Picture 8 we have a bunch of labels and text boxes inside a frame. This frame is called a Group Box and acts as a container for the labels and text boxes inside it. Let’s first create the frame by selecting the GroupBox in the Toolbox dialog -> Containers or Tools -> Containers -> GroupBox from the menubar. You can drag the mouse to create the box just below the Label you created before. In the Property Editor you can change the title property to alter the text in the frame. Put Details in the title text field. You may notice a + symbol in this entry in the Property Editor. This indicates that the property has subproperties that can also be changed.

Once you have created the frame (i.e the GroupBox), create three more labels as before but when you draw them, draw them inside the GroupBox frame. You can then see in the Object Explorer box (Windows menu -> Views -> Object Explorer) to the right that the labels have become children of the GroupBox frame. See this image:

.

Change the text of labels by double-clicking on it.

Once you have done this you can then create the text boxes. They will allow the user to type in text like his(her) name and email address. We use the simplest type of text boxes: a widget called QLineEdit which allows the user to enter one line of text only. You have to create two QLineEdit widgets for the name and the email address. You choose the menu Tools -> Input -> LineEdit and you draw it beside the ‘Your Name’ Label. Do the same below for the address.

The witty comment will be selected by the user. We use a ComboBox which will present the user with three comments. Click on the ComboBox icon or select it via the Tools -> Input-> ComboBox menu. Draw it beside the Witty Comment label. Then double-click on it. You will be presented with a box into which you can add the contents of the combo box. Click on the New Item button and type in your comment in the text box at the right. Then click again on New Item for the second and third comments. Click on OK when you have finished.

Adjust the size of the different widgets so they are nicely placed.

Up to now, we have not named any of the widgets that are being placed in our program. It is useful to set an internal name for widgets so we can call them after in the program. Labels don’t perform any action so they don’t need to be named but other widgets do. It is the case now for our text boxes. We’ll need to manipulate the data from the three input widgets (i.e. read the text) so we should give them a name. Names should be easily recognized later and they should make sense. The names are assigned via the name property on the top of the Property Editor. We name the top LineEdit nameBox and the second one mailBox. We name the ComboBox commBox. This will allow us to access the comments. So click on each LineEdit and then besides Name in the Property Editor write nameBox and mailBox. Then click on the ComboBox and name it commBox.

We finish the graphical design by adding a label with Generated Signature as text. Below it, we put a TextEdit (Tools -> Input -> TextEdit) where the generated signature will be displayed. We name it sigBox. And then we add two PushButtons at the bottom (‘Create!’ and ‘Cancel’). They don’t need names but you can give them some if you want.

Save your form. You can now have a quick preview by selecting the menu Preview -> Preview Form. This is the form before layout management.

Getting Spaced Out

This section describes the layout management. If you resize the preview window you will then notice that the widgets do not adjust appropriately. They are not resized. To improve things, we need to use a feature in Qt called spacers. Spacers are like virtual springs that push the widgets on each side apart.

Note: Having a good layout is essential for your application, as when the strings are translated, they might be longer than the English ones and they need to fit on your widgets. The geometry of the widgets has to be nice if the user can resize your window application. Layouts are done by trial and error so use Preview -> Preview Form to see the result of your layout management and to achieve the best layout.

The use of spacers and layout management is a skill that is developed through trial and error. The main thing to remember when dealing with spacers is that you work horizontally first and then vertically.

We will first use spacers to center the text in the top box. Resize your label so that it is only the size of the text. Then we add two spacers, one at each side. Choose the spring icon or menu Layout -> Add Spacer. You adjust each of the spacers horizontally. Click the space to the left of the text and the blue spacer will appear . Repeat the same procedure for the right. Then add a spacer on the right of the «Generated Signature» label, and a last one on the left of the the «Create!» pushbutton. Please use this image as a reference.

Now that we have spacers to fill blank space, we need a proper layout management. This will allow the widgets to be nicely resized whenever the main window is resized. It is really compulsory to have good layout management. Again, try to resize several times to see if everything is in place. We can use Vertical or horizontal layout or grid management. The top row of widget is horizontal (spacer + label + spacer) so we need Horizontal management. We need to select the three widgets alltogether: click on the first spring, then click on the label while holding down <keycap>Shift</keycap>, then on the second spring while holding down Shift. Then click on the Horizontal Layout icon or menu Layout -> Lay Out Horizontally. You will then see a resizable red line around the three objects to indicate that their layout is being managed. Resize the red box if it needs it.

We can now repeat this procedure for the three labels inside the GroupBox, this time using vertical layout management. The same vertical management is used for the two LineEdit and the ComboBox. It is better to use vertical management to keep the objects aligned. If we use horizontal management for each label + text box then they will not stay aligned and equally sized. Horizontal management is needed for the label with the spacer and another one for the two pushbuttons and the spacer.

To finish the layout, we need to let the form look after the laid-out boxes. We put everything in a grid. This is done by right clicking the form and selecting Lay Out in a Grid from the menu. The final design with layout lines should resemble something similar to this image:

Signals and Slots

Signals and Slots are used for communication between Qt objects. The signal/slot mechanism is a central feature of Qt and probably the part that differs most from other toolkits which often use callbacks. In Qt, a signal is emitted by a widget when a particular event occurs, very often triggered by the user like for example pressing a button or writing something in a LineEdit. A slot is simply a function that is called in reponse to a particular signal.

Now the widgets are implemented and the layout is arranged the final thing we need to do in the design stage of the form is to create the signal/slot connections. To do this manually requires a connect() function but Qt Designer provides a simple yet effective solution. To create the signal/slot connections we need to use the connecting tool. To do this either select the icon (it looks like a red arrow going into a green square) or select Tools -> Connect Signals/Slots from the menu (or use the <keycap>F3</keycap> shortcut key). To create a connection, click on the form on the widget that is going to be dealing with the slot, drag the line off the form and release the mouse button.

Let’s deal first with the Create! button. Click first on the Connect Signal/Slot icon or select it from the Tools menu or use the <keycap>F3</keycap> key. Then click on the Create! button with the crosshair and drag the line off the form completely. When you have released the mouse button you will see the connections tool shown in the image.

What we want to do is to create a slot that will create our signature when the user clicks on the Create! button. The signal will be clicked() (you may choose among five signals for a QPushButton) and we need to create the slot then make the connection.

To create the slot we need to click on the Edit Slots button. The slot creation box then appears. Now click on the New Function button and a slot will appear in the box. Instead of new_slot() rename it to slotCreateSig() and leave the access specifier as public. When you click on OK you will be returned to the connections box and you will see your new slot in the Slots section of the box.

To make a connection you simply select the appropriate signal (which is clicked() in our case) and then select the slot (which is our new slot slotCreateSig()). When you have selected both signal and slot you will see the connection made at the bottom of the screen. After you are finished click OK.

Repeat the procedure for the Cancel button by using the clicked() signal and the close() slot. You are now done with the signals and slots.

Warning: Don’t forget to save your form!

Generating the Source

In this tutorial, we use KDevelop subclassing tool in Automake Manager. If you have KDevelop version which has not that capability, then please go to Chapter 7 where I explain this step without the subclass tool.

Here we start with the KDE simple project named SigCreate and the sigcreatedlg.ui that we have added in our project. In the Automake Manager, in the section sigcreate (Program in bin) you must have three files: sigcreatedlg.ui, sigcreate.cpp and main.cpp. The project must compile and give the main window as in picture 3 (creating.html).

As the sigcreate class is no use for us, we will remove it and use it for subclassing the sigcreatedlg.ui file. In the Automake Manager, right click on sigcreate.cpp and select Remove and a dialog pops up. Please check Also Remove it from disk. Then do the same with sigcreate.h. This is the way to remove obsolete files from your project and the Makefile.am will be updated. Remember to run Automake & friends and configure before compiling your project again. We will not do it right now because we will make other changes. We will now use the class name SigCreate for the subclass.

In the Automake Manager -> sigcreate (program in bin), right click on sigcreatedlg.ui and choose Subclass Widget… from the context menu that appears. Then fill in the subclass name which is SigCreate. Check the box: Reformat source and click on OK. Say No then about adding these files in cvs as we did not enable this in our project.

Note: You can see that the slot we created in designer is listed here and checked, the method will be implemented in the generated files. If you uncheck it, the code will not be generated in your class.

(The subclass dialog Image)

We have to suppress some lines in main.cpp as the KDE simple project template refers to a KMainWindow which is usually the base class used. But here, SigCreate is based on QWidget. You have to remove all the lines between KApplication app; and return app.exec(); except the ones I keep here:

SigCreate *mainWin = 0;

mainWin = new SigCreate();
app.setMainWidget( mainWin );
mainWin->show();

Implementing the Slot

Then open the sigcreate.cpp source file and then you implement the slot by adding the following lines in the parenthesis of:

void SigCreate::slotCreateSig()
{}

to implement the slot:

    sigBox->append("n--");
    sigBox->append(nameBox->text());
    sigBox->append(mailBox->text());
    sigBox->append(commBox->currentText());

</

Also, the corresponding headers of course:

 #include <qlineedit.h>
 #include <qcombobox.h>
 #include <qmultilineedit.h>

Run Build -> Run automake & friends, Build-> Run Configure, Build -> Build Project, Build -> Install (or Build->Install as root user), Build -> Execute Program. That’s it! The program is working!

(Picture 20)

A few more words about signals and slots. The signals and slots mechanism is type safe: the signature of a signal must match the signature of the receiving slot (for example, you will connect valueChanged(int) with a slot having an int as argument). And another thing to keep in mind is that all classes that inherit from QObject or one of its subclasses (e.g. QWidget) can contain signals and slots.

All the strings used in KDE program must be wrapped in the i18n() function (klocale.h as header) because all KDE projects are translated. Please see the KDE Translation HowTo to learn more about i18n to make translations for an application.

In Short

This is a short resume on how to work with KDevelop and QtDesigner.

• In the KDevelop menu File->New, select a Widget (.ui) file and give it a name (kprojectdlg for that example), check add to Project. Click OK.
• Qt Designer starts. Work on your form in Qt Designer then save your file and close designer. The designer file appears then in KDevelop under User Interface (kprojectdlg.ui).
• Create a new class (KProject as name for example) (Project menu then New class…) that inherits from your dialog file (kprojectdlg) and is a QWidget-childclass.
• Add your slots and others signals or member functions in the inherited class KProject.

Make the Translations for a Simple KDE Project

When your own project is finished, you may like to have one or several translations for the GUI. Here is how you can do that.

Install gettext Patched for KDE

Install a patched gettext that you can find on developer.kde.org and install it in your home directory. The patched gettext can be found there : http://public.kde.planetmirror.com/pub/kde/devel/gettext-kde/

   $ tar xvzf gettext-0.10.35-kde.tar.gz
 $ cd gettext-0.10.35-kde
 $ ./configure
 $ make
 $ mkdir -p ~/bin
 $ cp src/gettext src/xgettext ~/bin # copy gettext and xgettext into your HOME/bin directory
 $ export PATH=~/bin:$PATH

Prepare the Translations

Then, go into your project directory :

$ cd /path/to/myproject

Set KDEDIR to match your kde installation — on my Mandrake it is /usr This path can also be found by doing kde-config --prefix

$ export KDEDIR=`kde-config --prefix` # or export KDEDIR=/usr

Then create the translations files :

$ make -f admin/Makefile.common package-messages

Make the Translations

Translate the .po files using kbabel These files are in the po directory of your project.

Warning: Do not touch the .pot file!

Compile and Install the Translations Files

 $ make package-messages
 $ sudo make install

General Tips

General Hints

Your Application Name

KDE application names generally start with the letter K followed by a name suggesting what the program does. For example, KMail is very simple and tells the user that this is indeed a KDE application and about email. A good practice is to choose an english name for the name that follows the K. Of course, this is just an indication and you are free to do what you want. But a good name can help to get your program known quicker.

Note: Run a search in Google (in Konqueror, write gg:your_app_name) to see if the name you want to use is not the name of a copyrighted program. If this is the case or if in doubt, change it.

Coding Practice

Comments should be in English as it is really easier if someone else has a look at your code.

Class names usually are also in English and the names must indicate what the class does. Good examples: TopLevel, CursorInterface, TaskManager. Note the upper case letters and remember that C++ is case-sensitive.

Function names usually begin with a lower case letter and here are examples of good names:

void activateRaiseOrIconify();
void toDesktop(int);
void windowAdded(WId);

Code indentation can be whatever you like as long as the code is visible for other developers. Always keep in mind that other people will have a look in your code and try to make it easy to read.

Importing your project in KDE CVS

Your program interests people, you feel you have time to really work on it, you need more feedback and help for improving it. You also agree to release it under the GPL license or equivalent. You can ask for a cvs account to import it in kdenonbeta. The kdenonbeta module is quite big and is not distributed with the official KDE. It is not packaged nor translated and feature freeze does not apply to kdenonbeta. Its purpose is to allow other developers to work on your application and to test it. Of course, you will need qt-copy, arts and kdelibs from cvs HEAD at least. Please see a tutorial here on how to get started for compiling KDE from cvs HEAD.

Note: When your application has the most important features, when it’s totally KDE compatible (i18n, xml GUI, ect.), you will be able to ask for moving it in a KDE official package.

In order to get a cvs account, please follow theses instructions. Send a mail to sysadmin (at) office (dot) kde (dot) org to justify why you need cvs access. Tell that you want to import your application (app_name) in the kdenonbeta module. Make sure to specify your full name and e-mail address, if the From field in your mails doesn’t specify them. You can also choose a nickname for your user login. You can currently choose between the standard non-encrypted CVS protocol (pserver) and the encrypted CVS-over-ssh. If you choose pserver, send also an encrypted password (for instance using useradd dummy ; passwd dummy ; grep dummy /etc/passwd /etc/shadow). If you choose CVS-over-ssh, send a public ssh key (e.g. ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub).

Wait for the answer from a KDE sysadmin.

Once you have compiled at least qt-copy, arts and kdelibs, you need to check out kdenonbeta files. Log in the cvs server with your login user and password.

    $ cvs co -l kdenonbeta
    $ cd kdenonbeta
    $ cvs co admin  (or ln -s ../kde-common/admin .admin)

You copy your project main dir with everything in kdenonbeta and then, in your project main dir, you issue $ make disclean

All the .o files must be gone. You can also remove by hand all Makefile, Makefile.in (not Makefile.am) and all kdevelop related files. Remove the admin, autom4te.cache, debug, doc, po and templates folders. You must just keep some files and the src subdir. Then, you cd .. to go back in kdenonbeta and you type:

    $ make -f Makefile.cvs
    $ ./configure --prefix=$KDEDIR
    $ cd your_project_name
    $ make
    $ su -c 'make install'

All these steps must go well. If there are errors, you should be able to correct them by carefully reading the error message. If you are really stuck, please go to IRC and ask on #kde or #kde-devel, someone will help you.

then, in kdenonbeta dir:

    $ cvs add your_project_name
    $ cvs add your_project_name/*
    $ cvs add your_project_name/src
    $ cvs add your_project_name/src/*
    $ cvs commit

You get the window (vi editor as default) where you can log your message. It’s a good practice to note what your commit is about. In your case, you will say (type i first if you are in vi to get in edit mode):

First import of your_app_name which does this and that.

Check if all the files are added correctly. If not, cvs add filename and cvs commit.

Each time you want to work on your project, don’t forget to log in the kde server with your user login and password and, to be sure you have the latest version, do a:

Finished!