Как установить rstudio на windows 10

Перевод инструкции с DataCamp

Инструкция для начинающих, которая спасёт вас от головной боли и сэкономит время тем, кто решил установить R самостоятельно.

R — один из основных языков используемых сегодня в науке о данных. Поэтому любой, кому интересна эта сфера, может захотеть узнать, как начать пользоваться R вне зависимости от операционной системы, установленной на компьютере. Это руководство поможет установить R на Windows 10, Mac OS X и Ubuntu Linux.

Кроме того, в руководстве рассматриваются установка RStudio, мощной IDE (Integrated Development Environment, интегрированная среда разработки), упрощающей программирование на R, и установка пакетов для R, таких как dplyr или ggplot2.

С установкой R на Windows 10 нет никаких сложностей. Самый простой способ — установить его через CRAN (расшифровывается как The Comprehensive R Archive Network). Перейдите на страницу загрузок CRAN и проследуйте по ссылкам из анимации ниже:

Как только загрузка будет завершена, вы найдёте у себя файл под названием «R-3.6.3-win.exe» (либо похожим — в зависимости от номера версии R, которую вы скачаете). Ссылки в анимации выше помогут вам скачать самую актуальную версию. Всё, что осталось сделать для завершения установки R, это запустить загруженный exe-файл. По большей части, вам нужно просто соглашаться с опциями по умолчанию, так что просто нажимаете кнопку «Next» до завершения установки, как показано в следующей анимации. Обратите внимание, что на одном из экранов можно добавить иконки для вызова R через панель быстрого доступа и с рабочего стола (в анимации выбрана опция «Не добавлять».

Установка RStudio

Как только установлен R, вы можете установить RStudio, намного более мощный редактор для скриптов R. Среди прочего, RStudio включает в себя консоль, поддерживающую непосредственное исполнение кода, а также инструменты для построения графиков и отслеживания переменных в вашем рабочем пространстве. Процесс установки также прост. Просто перейдите на сайт RStudio и повторяйте за анимацией:

Когда загрузка закончится, вы получите файл «RStudio-1.2.5033.exe», или с похожим названием — снова, в зависимости от версии. Запустите его, согласитесь с предлагаемыми по умолчанию настройками, нажимая кнопку «Next» и дождитесь окончания установки — как и в прошлый раз. Помните, что перед установкой RStudio необходимо установить R!

Установка пакетов в R

У вас уже установлены R и отличная IDE — можно начинать программировать. Однако, базовая версия R очень ограничена в возможностях, поэтому сообщество пользуется дополнительными пакетами, расширяющими функционал языка, такими как dplyr (расширяет возможности обработки данных) или ggplot2 (предоставляет улучшенные инструменты для визуализации). Есть два способа установки пакетов для R через RStudio. Первый — выполнить следующий код в консоли:

install.packages(c("dplyr","ggplot2"))

Второй способ показан в анимации ниже. Это лёгкий в использовании графический интерфейс, встроенный в RStudio, благодаря которому вы сможете найти и загрузить любой пакет для R, доступный в CRAN.

Установка R на Mac OS X

Процесс установки R на Mac OS почти не отличается от установки на Windows. Снова, самый простой способ — загрузить установщик со страницы загрузок CRAN:

Следующий шаг — запуск файла «R-3.6.2.pkg» (или более новой версии). Также, как и в Windows, можно оставить все опции по умолчанию.

Установка RStudio и пакетов R

В обоих случаях отличий от установки в Windows нет. Для загрузки RStudio перейдите на страницу загрузки и скачайте файл с расширением .dmg для Mac OS (как на картинке ниже). Оставляйте выборы по умолчанию.

Откройте RStudio. Установка пакетов проходит также, как в Windows. Можно ввести в консоль команду

install.packages(c("dplyr","ggplot2"))

или воспользоваться графическим интерфейсом, показанным в части «Установка пакетов в R» этого руководства.

Установка R в Ubuntu 19.04/18.04/16.04

Установка R в Ubuntu может быть несколько более сложной для тех, кто не привык работать в командной строке (консоли). Тем не менее, это практически также просто, как и в случаях с Windows или Mac OS. Прежде чем начать, убедитесь, что у вас есть права уровня root, позволяющие пользоваться sudo.

Как обычно, перед установкой R, давайте обновим список системных пактов, и обновим установленные пакеты, воспользовавшись двумя следующими командами:

sudo apt update

sudo apt -y upgrade

После этого, всё, что необходимо сделать для установки R — выполнить в консоли следующую команду:

sudo apt -y install r-base

Установка RStudio и пакетов R

Когда базовый R установлен, вы можете установить RStudio. Переходим на страницу загрузок, выбираем .deb файл для нашей версии Ubuntu, как на картинке ниже:

Когда вы скачали .deb файл, всё, что осталось сделать, это перейти в папку с загрузками, воспользовавшись командой

cd Downloads

и запустить оттуда процесс установки командой

sudo dpkg -i rstudio-1.2.5033-amd64.deb

Вы можете столкнуться с некоторыми проблемами с зависимостями, которые не дадут вам установить RStudio с первой попытки, но исправить эти проблемы очень легко. Выполните следующую команду и попробуйте снова:

sudo apt -f install

Когда установка закончится, иконка RStudio появится в списке приложений в Ubuntu, но вы также сможете запустить программу набрав rstudio в консоли.

В запущенной RStudio установка пакетов происходит ровно также, как в Windows или Mac OS. Либо введите

install.packages(c("dplyr","ggplot2"))

либо воспользуйтесь графическим интерфейсом, как показано в части «Установка пакетов в R» этого руководства.

Заключение

Я надеюсь, что это руководство поможет тем из вас, кто желает погрузиться в мир программирования на R вне зависимости от операционной системы, которой вы пользуетесь. Если вам интересно узнать о возможностях языка, воспользуйтесь курсом Введение в R от DataCamp, который познакомит вас с основами. Продолжайте учиться, нет предела совершенству!

Using Vagrant

This page is intended to help you configure your own machine for RStudio development. If you’d prefer an isolated development environment in a preconfigured virtual machine, you can use our Vagrant configuration script to create one (see RStudio Development for details).

Windows Bootstrapper

On a clean Windows-10 64-bit system, you can bootstrap RStudio development by following the instructions here. Otherwise, configure manually per the following instructions.

Installing R

On all platforms you need to install a version of R to target development against; you should install R before running any dependency installation scripts in RStudio.

RStudio itself is compatible with R version 3.0.1 or later, but version 3.1 or greater is recommended for development installations. The following are links to the installers for current, older, and development versions of R for all supported platforms.

Linux (Source)

A version of R exists in the package repository for most major versions of Linux, but it’s usually very outdated, so we recommend installing R binaries from CRAN instead.

• Current version
• Older versions
• Development versions

Ubuntu Quickstart

If you’re building an Ubuntu dev box, here’s the tl;dr for getting R installed on Trusty (Ubuntu 14):

apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E084DAB9
echo 'deb http://cran.rstudio.com/bin/linux/ubuntu trusty/' >> /etc/apt/sources.list
apt-get update
apt-get install r-base

For Ubuntu 18:

apt install apt-transport-https software-properties-common
apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9
add-apt-repository 'deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/'
apt update
apt install r-base

R for macOS

• Current version
• Older versions
• Development versions

R for Windows

• Current version
• Older versions
• Development version (patched)
• Development version (future)

Make sure to install R to C:R, not C:Program FilesR as is the default, since RStudio’s build process needs to write additional symbol information into R’s installation directory, and will not have permission to write to Program Files.

Additional Dependencies (Linux)

gcc version

It is recommended that you build RStudio with GCC 4.8 or above. For Pro builds, this is required.

Also, on some platforms you must manually select and install an OpenJDK-8 or 11. Some of the dependency scripts mentioned below have been updated to install this for you, others have not. Please check the script to see if there is an openjdk reference in it.

Install Linux Dependencies

On Linux all dependencies for RStudio Server can be installed installed using the scripts in:

rstudio/
  dependencies/
    linux/

There is a separate script for systems with debian, yum, or zypper based package management. For example, to install dependencies for debian systems:

./install-dependencies-debian

Qt SDK for Linux (RStudio Spotted-Wakerobin or older)

If you are building against main, then the Qt SDK is no longer required. Starting with the Elsbeth-Geranium release (late 2022) we have moved RStudio Desktop off of Qt and onto Electron.

To build an older branch of RStudio Desktop, the Qt 5.12.10 SDK must be installed from https://qt.io.

5.12.10 won’t show up automatically when installing via the Qt online installer. To reveal it, click the «Archive» checkbox on the «Select Components» screen, then the Filter button. The list of available versions will expand to include all versions.

You should download and install this to the default location on your system (~/Qt).

The following components must be included to build RStudio Desktop on Linux:

• Desktop gcc 64-bit
• Qt WebEngine

Additional Dependencies (macOS)

C/C++ Tools

The C/C++ development tools required RStudio development can be obtained by installing the Command Line Tools for XCode. You can do this one of two ways. Either:

1. Download and install XCode from the Mac AppStore: http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/xcode/id497799835?mt=12
2. From a terminal, execute:

Or alternatively (for a smaller download size):

1. Register as an Apple Developer (free) here: https://developer.apple.com/programs/register/
2. Download the Command Line Tools for Xcode appropriate for the version of OS X you are running from here: https://developer.apple.com/downloads/

Other Dependencies

You should install the latest version of CMake from here:

• CMake Download

Finally, you can install the remaining dependencies (including the Boost C++ libraries) using the script at:

You should switch to this directory and then execute:

./install-dependencies-osx

Note that this script requires Homebrew.

Also Note: As part of the install-dependencies-osx script, brew will install both ant and openjdk@11. If you run into GWT compile issues, make sure JAVA_HOME is set to use JDK 8 or 11, for example you can set it to 11 by running export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 11` (or adding it to your .zshrc).

Alternatively, on Mac or Linux (but not Windows), try using the shell script src/gwt/ant instead of running ant directly. This script will attempt to use the correct JDK (must be already installed) without you having to set JAVA_HOME yourself.

Another troubleshooting step when encountering GWT build failures (especially of the form «class file has wrong version» is to run ./ant clean then try building again.

Java Tools

In order to build the RStudio client GWT code, you need a JDK as well as the Ant build tool. You can install Java 8 or 11 from the following URL (note that newer JDKs are currently unsupported):

• http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
• https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/#java11

Next, you can install Ant from one of the following URLs:

• https://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi

Qt SDK for macOS (RStudio Spotted-Wakerobin or older)

If you are building against main, then the Qt SDK is no longer required. Starting with the Elsbeth-Geranium release (late 2022) we have moved RStudio Desktop off of Qt and onto Electron.

To build an older branch of RStudio Desktop, the Qt 5.12.10 SDK must be installed from https://qt.io.

5.12.10 won’t show up automatically when installing via the Qt online installer. To reveal it, click the «Archive» checkbox on the «Select Components» screen, then the Filter button. The list of available versions will expand to include all versions.

You should download and install this to the default location on your system (~/Qt).

The following components must be included to build RStudio Desktop on macOS:

• Qt WebEngine
• macOS

Additional Dependencies (Windows)

R

On Windows, prefer installing R into a location where your user account has write permissions (e.g. C:RR-x.y.z). This is necessary as RStudio will generate export libraries for the MinGW DLLs used by RStudio, so that the libraries can be consumed by MSVC. If you are not sure, reinstalling R under C:R will save some configuration time later on.

You will also want to be sure that the R executable is in your system or user %PATH%, such that typing R in cmd.exe starts the R interpreter. This is required by several RStudio dependency installation scripts.

Qt SDK for Windows (RStudio Spotted-Wakerobin or older)

If you are building against main, then the Qt SDK is no longer required. Starting with the Elsbeth-Geranium release (late 2022) we have moved RStudio Desktop off of Qt and onto Electron.

To build an older branch of RStudio Desktop, the Qt 5.12.10 SDK must be installed from https://qt.io.

5.12.10 won’t show up automatically when installing via the Qt online installer. To reveal it, click the «Archive» checkbox on the «Select Components» screen, then the Filter button. The list of available versions will expand to include all versions.

You should download and install this to the default location on your system (C:/Qt).

The following components must be included to build RStudio Desktop on Windows:

• MSVC 2017 64-bit
• Qt WebEngine

Microsoft Build Tools

RStudio uses Microsoft Build Tools 2017 for compilation on Windows. These can be downloaded here: https://www.visualstudio.com/vs/older-downloads/. Install these tools to the default location. If you’re using Qt Creator during development, it should automatically detect this as a ‘kit’ to use with RStudio.

CMake

You should install the latest version of CMake from here: CMake Download

NOTE: You should choose the «Add to system path» option during the installation.

Java Tools

In order to build the RStudio client GWT code, you need a JDK as well as the Ant build tool. You can install Java 8 from the following URL (note that Java 9 and 10 are currently unsupported):

• http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html

Next, you can install Ant from one of the following URLs:

• https://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi
• http://code.google.com/p/winant

Installer Tools

If you want to build RStudio installers for Windows, you should also install the Nullsoft Installer System (NSIS) from here: http://nsis.sourceforge.net

Other Dependencies

You can install the remaining dependencies (including the Boost C++ libraries) using the script at:

rstudio
   dependencies
      windows

You should switch to this directory and then execute:

Updating the System Path

Building RStudio requires that the CMake, and Qt be
accessible via the system path (note that CMake should already be accessible
via the CMake installer if the «Add to system path» option was chosen during
installation). For Qt, you should ensure that the following
additional directories are available on the path:

C:QtQt<version>ToolsQtCreatorbin

Finally, you should also ensure that your R installation’s bin directory is on the system path. For example:

C:Program FilesRR-3.0.1bini386

Building from Qt Creator

• Open Qt Creator, Projects then Manage Kits.
• Make sure the MSVC 2017 kit is the default.
• If you didn’t install R at the recommended location (C:R), you will need to manually run the script that generates MSVC compatible export libraries for each of the R dlls. Follow the instructions below to do so:
  • Open a terminal as administrator
  • Navigate to the RStudio repo base folder
  • Run the following command: <Path to R installation>binx64Rscript.exe srccpptoolsdll2lib.R
    • The path to your R installation will change depending on what version of R you installed and what settings you chose at install time. (e.g. C:Program FilesRR-3.4.4)
  • Repeat this for x86 by running the following command: <Path to R installation>binx86Rscript.exe srccpptoolsdll2lib.R

Windows SDK

To make sure rstudio.bat runs correctly, install the latest version of Windows SDK from https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/downloads/windows-10-sdk, you might need to uninstall the installed version first, make sure at least the following options are selected:

Debugging tools for Windows
Windows app certification kit
Windows SDK Signing tools for desktop apps
Windows SDK for Desktop C++ x86 Apps
Windows SDK for Desktop C++ amd64 Apps

Miscellaneous

• RStudio uses git during the build + install phases with cmake. On Windows, you can use the the Git installer provided here — after installing to the default location, you can put C:Program FilesGitcmd on the PATH (not C:Program FilesGitbin)

R programming language is a language and free software environment, available under GNU license, supported by R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The language is most widely known for its powerful statistical and data interpretation capabilities. 

To use R language, you need the R environment to be installed on your machine, and an IDE (Integrated development environment) to run the language (can also be run using CMD on Windows or Terminal on Linux). 

Why use R Studio?  

• It is a powerful IDE, specifically used for the R language.
• Provides literate programming tools, which basically allow the use of R scripts, outputs, text, and images into reports, Word documents, and even an HTML file.
• The use of Shiny (open-source R package) allows us to create interactive content in reports and presentations.

Installing R Studio on Window

To Install R Studio on windows we will follow the following steps.

Step 1: First, you need to set up an R environment in your local machine. You can download the same from r-project.org. 

Step 2: After downloading R for the Windows platform, install it by double-clicking it.  

Step 3: Download R Studio from their official page. Note: It is free of cost (under AGPL licensing).  

Step 4: After downloading, you will get a file named “RStudio-1.x.xxxx.exe” in your Downloads folder. 

Step 5: Double-click the installer, and install the software. 

Step 6: Test the R Studio installation  

• Search for RStudio in the Window search bar on Taskbar.

• Start the application.
• Insert the following code in the console.

Input  : print('Hello world!') 
Output : [1] "Hello world!"

Step 7: Your installation is successful.  

Installing R Studio on Ubuntu

Installing R Studio on Ubuntu has steps similar to Windows: 

Through Terminal 

Step 1: Open terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) in Ubuntu.

Step 2: Update the package’s cache. 

sudo apt-get update

Step 3: Install R environment. 

sudo apt -y install r-base

Check for the version of R package using

R --version

Step 4: Check R installation by using the following command. 

user@Ubuntu:~$ R 

(Note that R version should be 3.6+ to be able to install all packages like tm, e1071, etc.). If there is issue with R version, see the end of the post. 

Step 5: Exit the terminal.

Through Ubuntu software Center 

Step 1: Open Ubuntu Software Center.

Step 2: Search for r-base.

Step 3: Click install. 

Install Rstudio on Ubuntu  

Step 1: Install gdebi package to install .deb packages easily.

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt-get install gdebi-core

Step 2: Go to R Studio downloads and select the latest *.deb package available under Ubuntu 18/Debian 10.

Step 3: Navigate to the Downloads folder in the local machine.

$ cd Downloads/
$ ls
 rstudio-1.2.5042-amd64.deb

Step 4: Install using gdebi package.

sudo gdebi rstudio-1.2.5042-amd64.deb

Step 5: Run the RStudio using Terminal

user@Ubuntu:~/Downloads/ $ rstudio 

Alternatively, use the menu to search for Rstudio.

Step 6: Test the R Studio using the basic “Hello world!” command and exit.

Input  : print('Hello world!') 
Output : [1] "Hello world!"

Alternatively, RStudio can be installed through Ubuntu Software as well, but using the above approach generally guarantees the latest version is installed. 

If there are issues with the R version getting downloaded or the previously installed version is older, check R version with 

R --version

Now, Run the following commands in Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)  

Add the key to secure APT from the CRAN package list:

sudo apt-key adv –keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com –recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9

Add the latest CRAN repository to the repository list. (This is for Ubuntu 18.04 specifically):

sudo add-apt-repository ‘deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/’

Update the package cache:

sudo apt update

Install the r-base package:

sudo apt install r-base

R programming language is a language and free software environment, available under GNU license, supported by R Foundation for Statistical Computing. The language is most widely known for its powerful statistical and data interpretation capabilities. 

To use R language, you need the R environment to be installed on your machine, and an IDE (Integrated development environment) to run the language (can also be run using CMD on Windows or Terminal on Linux). 

Why use R Studio?  

• It is a powerful IDE, specifically used for the R language.
• Provides literate programming tools, which basically allow the use of R scripts, outputs, text, and images into reports, Word documents, and even an HTML file.
• The use of Shiny (open-source R package) allows us to create interactive content in reports and presentations.

Installing R Studio on Window

To Install R Studio on windows we will follow the following steps.

Step 1: First, you need to set up an R environment in your local machine. You can download the same from r-project.org. 

Step 2: After downloading R for the Windows platform, install it by double-clicking it.  

Step 3: Download R Studio from their official page. Note: It is free of cost (under AGPL licensing).  

Step 4: After downloading, you will get a file named “RStudio-1.x.xxxx.exe” in your Downloads folder. 

Step 5: Double-click the installer, and install the software. 

Step 6: Test the R Studio installation  

• Search for RStudio in the Window search bar on Taskbar.

• Start the application.
• Insert the following code in the console.

Input  : print('Hello world!') 
Output : [1] "Hello world!"

Step 7: Your installation is successful.  

Installing R Studio on Ubuntu

Installing R Studio on Ubuntu has steps similar to Windows: 

Through Terminal 

Step 1: Open terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) in Ubuntu.

Step 2: Update the package’s cache. 

sudo apt-get update

Step 3: Install R environment. 

sudo apt -y install r-base

Check for the version of R package using

R --version

Step 4: Check R installation by using the following command. 

user@Ubuntu:~$ R 

(Note that R version should be 3.6+ to be able to install all packages like tm, e1071, etc.). If there is issue with R version, see the end of the post. 

Step 5: Exit the terminal.

Through Ubuntu software Center 

Step 1: Open Ubuntu Software Center.

Step 2: Search for r-base.

Step 3: Click install. 

Install Rstudio on Ubuntu  

Step 1: Install gdebi package to install .deb packages easily.

sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt-get install gdebi-core

Step 2: Go to R Studio downloads and select the latest *.deb package available under Ubuntu 18/Debian 10.

Step 3: Navigate to the Downloads folder in the local machine.

$ cd Downloads/
$ ls
 rstudio-1.2.5042-amd64.deb

Step 4: Install using gdebi package.

sudo gdebi rstudio-1.2.5042-amd64.deb

Step 5: Run the RStudio using Terminal

user@Ubuntu:~/Downloads/ $ rstudio 

Alternatively, use the menu to search for Rstudio.

Step 6: Test the R Studio using the basic “Hello world!” command and exit.

Input  : print('Hello world!') 
Output : [1] "Hello world!"

Alternatively, RStudio can be installed through Ubuntu Software as well, but using the above approach generally guarantees the latest version is installed. 

If there are issues with the R version getting downloaded or the previously installed version is older, check R version with 

R --version

Now, Run the following commands in Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)  

Add the key to secure APT from the CRAN package list:

sudo apt-key adv –keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com –recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9

Add the latest CRAN repository to the repository list. (This is for Ubuntu 18.04 specifically):

sudo add-apt-repository ‘deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu bionic-cran35/’

Update the package cache:

sudo apt update

Install the r-base package:

sudo apt install r-base

Install:

1. Run the downloaded RStudio8.exe file.

2. Select the language of the install process:

Click image to enlarge

3. Run the Setup wizard.

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4. Read the License Agreement and accept its conditions.

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5. Read the warning that you must not install the program on the disk where the lost files resided.

Click image to enlarge

6. If necessary, change the destination folder for the program.

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7. If necessary, change the program group.

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8. Wait while the program is being installed.

Click image to enlarge

You may start the program as soon as the installation finishes.

Uninstall:

1. Go to the Control Panel, select Programs and Features, and double-click R-Studio:

Click image to enlarge

2. Select the language of the uninstall process.

3. Start the Uninstall wizard.

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4. Start the uninstall process.

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5. Wait while the uninstall process finishes.

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Register:

1. Upon receiving the email with the Registration key, open the attachment, then select and copy the key.

2. Go to the Help menu and select Register.

3. Enter your registration information and then paste the Registration key. Do not try to type it manually.

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4. Click the OK button.

R programming language is a free, open-source project for statistical computing. It compiles for UNIX-like platforms and several macOS and Windows versions. For running the latest version you will need Windows 7 or later or Mac OS X 10.6 and above. In this tutorial you will learn how to install R and RStudio.

Installing R. The R project

The first step for becoming a Data Scientist or Data Analyst is having R installed on your computer. R can be freely downloaded in its official page. Note that installation requires up to 150 Mb of disk space available. The official web page of the R project is the following:

www.r-project.org/

In the previous link you can find interesting information about the R project, the R Foundation, the releases, documentation and other interesting links.

Install R on Windows

In order to install R on Windows, you can go through the following link and click on “Download R x.x.x for Windows” to start downloading the latest R version available.

https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/

Once downloaded, open it, select the preferred language and click Next to all dialogs.

Remember to select the path where you want to install R:

Note that you can uncheck the bit files that not correspond to your PC if desired.

You can also specify to customize some startup options:

When the installation finishes, you will be able to start using R base on Windows.

Install R in mac OS

The process of installing R in a mac is analogous to installing it in Windows. You can download the binary package (for Mac OS X 10.6 and above) from the following URL and then install it.

https://cran.r-project.org/bin/macosx/

If for some reason you are using Mac OS 8.6 to 9.2 (and Mac OS X 10.1) versions here you can find the old binary packages. For older Mac OS X systems and PowerPC Macs, you must use this repository to download R.

Install R with Homebrew

An alternative to install R in macOS is to use the Homebrew package manager. For that purpose you just need to type the following in the corresponding brew terminal:

$ brew install r

Install RStudio

RStudio is the most popular IDE for R, providing a clean and useful graphic interface for developing in R language. The main advantages of this IDE are the pane layout for getting help and displaying plots (even interactive), creating RMarkdown and Sweave documents, among others. You can download RStudio from the following link:

https://rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/#download

Once downloaded, open the setup wizard and follow the simple steps.

R basic commands

After downloading R and RStudio open one and you will see the corresponding IDE (Integrated Development Environment). First, try to write direct commands in the commands window, where you can see the symbol > for start writing. Write the following and press Enter in the command line.

3 + 4
5 + 6 * 3

Those were your first R commands. Amazing!

You can also write in the script window and execute the code when you want. If this window doesn’t appear at first glance go to File → New File → R Script or press Ctr + Shift + n or Cmd + Shift + n in Mac if you are using RStudio.

Once opened, copy and paste the code to the script, select it and press Ctr + r or Cmd + r in R base or Ctr + Enter or Cmd + Enter in RStudio (you can customize this). In the following block there are several examples you can try.

log(6)   # Log of 6
exp(8)   # Exponential of 8
sqrt(25) # Square root of 25
pi       # It recognizes the number pi

It should be noted that you can use # for comments that won’t be executed.

sin(3 * pi) # Sine function

You can also write several instructions within the same line, using a semicolon (;) as separator, although this practice is not recommended.

# Executing two commands in the same line
1 + 4; 2 * 3 - 8

If you want to store the values in variables you can use the = or <- sign. In R, it is more recommended using the arrow <-. If you want to print the stored variables in the console call the name or call the assignation between brackets.

a = 8 + 2
a # Prints the variable 'a'

b <- 1:15
b

a + b # Prints the result of the sum

A <- "car"
A

(A <- "car")  # Prints 'car' in the console

A more detailed example

Let’s see a more advanced example. We are going to simulate a normal random variable of size 200 with mean 105 and standard deviation of 2. Then, we make a summary and its corresponding histogram and boxplot.

# Seed for reproducibility
set.seed(1)

# Generating data
x <- rnorm(n = 200, mean = 105, sd = 2) 

# First elements of the data
head(x)

# Summary of the data
summary(x) 

107.1996 105.7260 105.0169 104.4441 105.6405 104.2416

 Min.   1st Qu.   Median  Mean   3rd Qu.    Max.
100.5   103.9     105.3   105.4   106.9    111.1

# Dividing the graphic window in two columns
par(mfcol = c(1, 2))

# Plotting a histogram
hist(x)

# Plotting a boxplot
boxplot(x, horizontal = TRUE) 

Check where is R installed

Sometimes it is useful to know the R installation path. The R.home function will output the path where you have R installed in your computer. Open R and type the following in the console if you want to check which is the installation path.

R.home()

Check R version

You can also check you have downloaded and installed the correct version typing:

R.Version()$version.string

"R version 4.0.0 (2020-04-24)"

In this case the output shows that we have installed the R version 4.0.0. You can have additional information about the version just typing R.Version().

How to change the language in R GUI?

By default, R will show the graphic user interface in the language of your operating system. To override this behavior and change the language permanently you can follow this steps:

• Go to the R installation path. Recall to use the R.home() function if you don’t remember where it is.
• Open the installation folder.
• Open the etc folder.
• Open the RConsole archive with a notepad.
• Change the line language = for language = en if you want to set the language to English, or specify the language code you prefer.