Какие команды есть в командной строке windows 10

Windows 10 предусматривает гибкую настройку и управление системой с помощью командной строки. Она позволяет пользователю посредством команд воспользоваться той или иной функцией. Например, существует команда SFC /scannow, позволяющая производить сканирование и мгновенное исправление системных файлов. Подобных функций десятки, но не все о них знают. Однако некоторые из них бывают очень даже полезными при постоянном использовании ПК. 

Сегодня мы поговорим подробнее об основных командах для командной строки в Windows 10. 

Открываем командную строку

Для пользователей Windows 10 в командной строке предоставлено огромное количество команд, однако не все из них используются даже опытными юзерами. Поэтому мы рассмотрим с вами только основные команды, которые могут пригодиться в разных случаях. Но для начала я покажу вам, каким способом можно запустить командную строку и как ею пользоваться. 

Самый простой способ запуска командной строки – это ввод специальной команды в окне «Выполнить». Для этого воспользуемся следующей инструкцией: 

1. Используем комбинацию клавиш «Win+R», где Win – это клавиша, расположенная в нижней левой части клавиатуры с логотипом Windows. Далее вводим команду cmd и нажимаем на клавишу «Enter».

   

   Запускаем командную строку

2. В отобразившемся окне перед нами открывается командная строка, которая уже готова к получению команд от пользователя.

   

   Командная строка включает в себя простой интерфейс и мощный функционал

Также вы можете запустить командную строку и через меню «Пуск». Для этого достаточно кликнуть правой кнопкой мыши по пуску и выбрать «Командная строка» либо «Windows PowerShell». Тут же можно открыть программу от имени администратора. 

Давайте теперь попробуем воспользоваться командной строкой на примере очень простой команды: control. Она позволяет запускать панель управления на компьютере. 

С вводом команд разобрались, теперь можно приступить к просмотру основных команд. Начнем мы с тех, которые предназначены для быстрого запуска стандартных программ. 

Запуск основных программ и утилит системы

Нижеуказанный список не всем будет полезен, но там есть команды, без которых пользователю не обойтись. Например, обратите внимание на такие команды как dxdiag и regedit. С помощью них запускаются важные утилиты, которые просто так вы не сможете найти в операционной системе. 

• appwiz.cpl – утилита «Программы и компоненты»  
• certmgr.msc – окно для управления сертификатами системы 
• control – «Панель управления» 
• control printers – окно для управления устройствами и принтерами 
• control userpasswords2 – «Учетные записи пользователя»
• compmgmt.msc – «Управление компьютером»
• devmgmt.msc – «Диспетчер устройств»
• dfrgui – «Оптимизация дисков»
• diskmgmt.msc – «Управление дисками»
• dxdiag – запуск средства диагностики DirectX
• hdwwiz.cpl – еще одна команда для вызова окна «Диспетчер устройств»
• firewall.cpl – Брандмауэр Защитника Windows
• gpedit.msc – «Редактор локальной групповой политики»
• lusrmgr.msc – «Локальные пользователи и группы»
• mblctr – «Центр мобильности» 
• mmc – консоль управления системными оснастками
• msconfig – «Конфигурация системы»
• odbcad32 – панель администрирования источника данных ODBC
• perfmon.msc – «Системный монитор», предоставляющий возможность просмотра изменений в производительности компьютера и системы
• presentationsettings – «Параметры режима презентации» 
• powershell – PowerShell (та же командная строка, но с большим функционалом)
• powershell_ise – «Интегрированная среда сценариев» оболочки PowerShell
• regedit – «Редактор реестра»
• resmon – «Монитор ресурсов»
• rsop.msc – «Результирующая политика»
• shrpubw – «Мастер создания общих ресурсов»
• secpol.msc – «Локальная политика безопасности»
• services.msc – средство управления службами операционной системы
• taskmgr – «Диспетчер задач»
• taskschd.msc – «Планировщик заданий»

Управление и настройка операционной системы

В данном разделе будет рассказано о командах, с помощью которых можно выполнять различные действия в операционной системе.  

• сomputerdefaults – определение параметров программ по умолчанию
• control admintools – открытие папки со средствами администрирования
• date – отображение и изменение текущей даты в командной строке 
• displayswitch – изменение подключенных экранов
• dpiscaling – параметры дисплея
• eventvwr.msc – просмотр журнала событий
• fsmgmt.msc – средство работы с общими папками
• fsquirt – отправка и прием файлов по Bluetooth
• intl.cpl – региональные настройки
• joy.cpl – настройка внешних игровых устройств 
• logoff – выход из системы
• lpksetup – установка и удаление языков интерфейса
• mobsync – запуск окна «Центр синхронизации»
• msdt – официальное средство диагностики службы поддержки Microsoft
• msra – вызов утилиты «Удаленный помощник Windows» 
• msinfo32 – просмотр сведений об операционной системе 
• mstsc – подключение к удаленному Рабочему столу
• napclcfg.msc – настройка конфигурации операционной системы
• netplwiz – панель управления «Учетными записями пользователей»
• optionalfeatures – включение и отключение стандартных компонентов операционной системы
• shutdown – завершение работы компьютера 
• sigverif – средство проверки подлинности файлов
• sndvol – запуск микшера громкости
• slui – средство активации лицензии ОС Windows
• sysdm.cpl – вызов окна «Свойства системы»
• systempropertiesperformance – «Параметры быстродействия»
• systempropertiesdataexecutionprevention – запуск службы DEP, компонента «Параметров быстродействия» ОС
• timedate.cpl – изменение даты и времени
• tpm.msc – «Управление доверенным платформенным модулем TPM на локальном компьютере»
• useraccountcontrolsettings – «Параметры управления учетными записями пользователей»
• utilman – управление «Специальными возможностями» в разделе «Параметров» операционной системы
• ver – показывает сведения о текущей версии ОС Windows.
• wf.msc – активация режима повышенной безопасности в стандартном Брандмауэре ОС Windows
• winver – просмотр общих сведений об операционной системе и ее версии
• WMIwscui.cpl – переход к Центру поддержки операционной системы
• wscript – «Параметры сервера сценария» ОС Windows
• wusa – «Автономный установщик обновлений Windows»

Настройки периферийных устройств

Есть также и немного команд, предназначенных для вызова стандартных программ и элементов управления оборудования, подключенного к компьютеру или ноутбуку. 

• main.cpl – настройка мыши
• mmsys.cpl – панель настройки звука 
• printui – «Пользовательский интерфейс принтера»
• printbrmui – средство переноса принтера, предоставляющее возможность экспорта и импорта программных компонентов и драйверов оборудования
• printmanagement.msc – «Управление печатью»
• sysedit – редактирование системных файлов с расширениями INI и SYS (Boot.ini, Config.sys, Win.ini и др.)
• tabcal – средство калибровки дигитайзера
• tabletpc.cpl – просмотр и настройка свойств планшета и пера
• verifier – «Диспетчер проверки драйверов»
• wfs – «Факсы и сканирование»
• wmimgmt.msc – вызов «Элемента управления WMI» стандартной консоли

Работа с файлами и подключенными накопителями 

Нижеуказанные команды предназначены для работы с файлами, папками, дисковыми устройствами и накопителями. Некоторые из них работают только внутри предварительно вызванных консольных утилит. Для получения более подробных сведений по ним вы всегда можете обратиться к справке, воспользовавшись командой help.

• assoc — выводит и позволяет изменять связь между расширениями имени и типов того или иного пакетного файла
• attrib – редактирование атрибутов предварительно обозначенного файла или папки
• bcdboot – создание и/или восстановление системного раздела
• cd – просмотр наименования текущей папки или переход в другую
• chdir – просмотр папки или переход к другой
• chkdsk – проверка жестких и твердотельных дисков, а также подключенных к ПК внешних накопителей
• cleanmgr – инструмент «Очистка диска»
• convert – преобразование файловой системы тома
• copy – копирование файлов (с указанием конечного каталога)
• del – удаление выбранных файлов
• dir – просмотр файлов и папок по указанному пути
• diskcopm – позволит сравнить содержимое двух гибких дисков
• dickcopy – полностью скопирует содержимое одного гибкого диска на любой другой (пакетное копирование)
• diskpart – консольная утилита для работы с дисками (открывается в отдельном окне «Командной строки», для просмотра поддерживаемых команд обратитесь к справке – help)
  erase – удаление одного или нескольких файлов
• fc – сравнение файлов и поиск различий
• format – форматирование локальных дисков Windows 
• label – удаление, изменение, а также создание меток тома для дисков
• md – создание новой папки
• mdsched – проверка оперативной памяти
• move – перемещение файлов по заданному пути
• ntmsmgr.msc – средство работы с внешними накопителями
• recdisc – создание диска восстановления операционной системы (работает только с оптическими накопителями)
• recover – восстановление данных
• rekeywiz – инструмент для шифрования данных («Шифрующая файловая система (EFS)»)
• RSoPrstrui – Настройка средства «Восстановление системы»
• sdclt – «Резервное копирование и восстановление»
• sfc /scannow – проверка целостности системных файлов с возможностью их восстановления
• tree – графическое отображение структуры каталогов диска или папки
• verify – анализ правильности записи файлов на диск
• vol – отображает собственную метку и серийный номер тома для диска

Работа внутри командной строки

Если вы захотите изменить цвет, почистить содержимое командной строки или воспользоваться внутренними настройками, то вы также можете использовать команды. Например, если вписать команду color и выбрать специальное кодовое слово, то изменится весь фон и цвет текста командной строки.

• cls – очистка содержимого экрана командной строки 
• color – изменение фона и цвета
• exit – выход из командной строки 
• help – отображение полного списка команд командной строки 
• prompt – изменяет слева от вводимого текста название на любое другое

  

  Теперь вместо <C:UsersИлья> будет отображаться слово «hello»

Сеть и интернет

Немного команд для настройки сети и интернета: 

• control netconnections – просмотр и настройка доступных «Сетевых подключений»
• inetcpl.cpl – переход к свойствам интернета
• NAPncpa.cpl – аналог первой команды, предоставляющий возможность настройки сетевых подключений
• telephon.cpl – настройка модемного подключения к интернету

Заключение

Подытожив, хочется сказать, что не нужно запоминать какую-либо команду дословно. Ознакомления с ними более чем достаточно. Ну а если вам понадобится воспользоваться какой-либо функцией на компьютере с Windows 10, то вспомните про командную строку и посмотрите вышеперечисленные команды – уверен, вы найдете то, что нужно. Если же вы хотите более обширно изучить командную строку, то рекомендую почитать профессиональную литературу, которую легко найти в Интернете.

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Привет, посетитель сайта ZametkiNaPolyah.ru! Данная запись будет полезна для изучения команд и их параметров при использовании интерпретатора командной строки Windows. Здесь мы поговорим о команде HELP, которая позволяет получить список команд, хочу заметить, что для современных версий операционных систем Windows список команд, выводимых при помощи HELP далеко не полный. После прочтения данной записи вы поймете почему вопрос: как мне узнать весь список команд в Windows/Linux является не очень корректным, получить такой список практически невозможно.

Если вам интересна тема компьютерных сетей, то в блоге уже практически закончена первая часть курса по основам компьютерных сетей, можете ознакомиться с ее содержимым. И вот здесь можно получить немного информации о самом курсе.

Как узнать список всех команд в командной строке Windows 10

Как узнать список всех команд в командной строке Windows или даже в операционных системах семейства Windows? Это вопрос, который задает каждый новичок при знакомстве с эмулятором терминала, на самом деле, что касается дистрибутивов Linux (вот немного про дистрибутив Linux Mint), это вопрос очень некорректный, здесь все зависит от дистрибутива и библиотек, которые были установлены. В Windows ситуация аналогичная: набор команд, который был в командной строке Windows 98 будет отличаться от команд, которыми может оперировать cmd.exe в Windows 10. Более того, в операционных системах можно расширять список команд, самый простой способ — установить новую утилиту командной строки (в записи о запуске командной строки в Windows и в разговоре о том, как добавить путь в переменную PATH, мы рассматривали пример добавления команды tracetcp, для этого мы просто установили утилиту tracetcp.exe).

Скажу даже больше: программа, которая запускается через командую строку, необязательно должна взаимодействовать с ней для ввода-вывода данных, например, вы можете прописать путь в переменной PATH к исполняемому файлу firefox.exe, затем открыть командную строку, написать команду firefox и у вас запустится этот браузер. Поэтому вопрос «Как узнать список всех команд в командной строке Windows 10?» не корректный, поскольку всё зависит от конкретной системы, с которой вы работаете и ее настроек. О том, что такое команды и какие команды бывают в Windows 10, мы поговорим отдельно.

Хотя в Windows есть одна команда — команда help, она является своего рода справочником команд командной строки. Когда вы используете эту команду, она выводит вам на экран сведения о наиболее популярных и часто встречающихся командах в различных операционных системах семейства Windows. О ней и будет наш дальнейший разговор.

Использование команды help и ее параметры в Windows. Справка командной строки

Команда help в Windows используется для получения справочной информации о доступных командах, но, как уже было сказано выше — при помощи команды help вы не получите список всех доступных команд интерпретатора командной строки, а только самые распространенные, если быть честным до конца, то этот справочник сильно устарел. Справочная информация команды help выводится как для внутренних команд процессора (например, GOTO), так и для стандартных утилит командной строки Windows (date, bcedit, chkdsk и другие). Давайте посмотрим сколько команд содержится в справочнике команд под названием help.

Если вам кажется, что здесь много команд или что это все команды Windows, то вынужден вас разочаровать — это далеко не так. Здесь, например, нет таких полезных сетевых утилит как ping, tracert, pathping, nslookup, да и много чего другого. Вывод команды help можно перенаправить в текстовый файл при помощи специального оператора «>». Для примера обратите внимание на эту конструкцию: C:UsersDell>help>commandlist.txt, она сообщает командной строке Windows о том, что нужно записать результат работы команды help в файл commandlist.txt (если такого файла нет, он будет создан) и поместить этот файл по пути: C:UsersDell, то есть после выполнения такой команды в папке Dell появится файл commandlist.txt со справочной информацией.

Как узнать параметры команд в командной строке Windows

Команда help может оказаться полезной не только для того, чтобы узнать какую-то команду в Windows, но для того, чтобы получить чуть больше информации о командах, про которые знает help (в том числе и параметры этих команд), для этого в качестве параметра команде help нужно передать имя известной команды, например, команда help знает о своем существование, чтобы получить список параметров команды help, нужно написать в командной строке Windows: help help.

Здесь мы видим параметры, которые можно передавать команде help и краткое, но ясное описание ее использования. Давайте теперь посмотрим, что команда help может на рассказать о команде rd и ее параметрах (эта команда удаляет каталоги и в справочнике help она есть).

Как видим, здесь мы получили список доступных параметров для команды rd, а также синтаксис ее использования. Ну а теперь давайте попробуем получить список параметров команды tracert, про эту команду help ничего не знает, следовательно, help не будет знать и параметров этой команды.

Мы видим вот такое сообщение: «Данная команда не поддерживается. Воспользуйтесь параметром «ping /?».». То есть у командной строки Windows есть еще дополнительная конструкция, которая позволяет получить список параметров команд, о которых не знает help, вместо “/?” можно использовать «-?».

Для получения списка параметров стандартных команд и системных утилит командной строки Windows лучше использовать две вышеописанные конструкции.

Список самых используемых команд в командой строке Windows

Ниже представлен список самых используемых команд командной строки Windows 10, если у вас есть что добавить, то воспользуйтесь формой комментариев ниже. К каждой команде дано краткое описание, по которому можно понять, что происходит при ее использовании.

• append — позволяет программам открывать файлы в указанных каталогах так , будто они находятся в текущем каталоге;
• arp — отображение и изменение таблиц преобразования IP-адресов в физические, используемые протоколом разрешения адресов;
• at — запуск программ в указанное время;
• atmsdm — контроль подключений и адресов, зарегистрированных диспетчером вызовов ATM в сетях с асинхронным режимом передачи (ATM);
• attrib — изменение атрибутов файлов и папок;
• auditusr — задаёт политику аудита пользователей;
• assoc — вывод, либо изменение, сопоставлений по расширениям имён файлов;
• break — включение режима обработки клавиш CTRL+C;
• blastcln — утилита очистки от червей;
• bootcfg — может быть использована для настройки, извлечения, изменения или удаления параматров командной строки в файле Boot.ini;
• call — вызов одного пакетного файла из другого;
• cacls — просмотр изменение таблиц управления доступом ACL к файлам;
• cd — вывод имени, либо изменение текущей папки;
• chcp — вывод, либо изменение активной кодовой страницы;
• chdir — вывод, либо смена текущей папки;
• copy — копирование одного или нескольких файлов;
• cls — очистка экрана;
• chkdsk — проверка диска и вывод отчёта;
• chkntfs — выводит или изменяет параметры проверки диска во время загрузки;
• ciddaemon — сервис индексации файлов;
• cipher — программа шифрования файлов;
• comp — сравнение содержимого двух файлов или наборов файлов;
• compact — просмотр и изменение параметров сжатия файлов в разделах NTFS;
• convert — преобразование файловой системы тома FAT в NTFS;
• date — вывод, либо установка текущей даты;
• del — удаление одного или нескольких файлов;
• dir — вывод списка файлов и подпапок из указанной папки;
• diskcopy — копирование содержимого одного гибкого диска на другой;
• diskcomp — сравнение содержимого двух гибких дисков;
• debug — средство отладки и редактирования программ;
• defrag — дефрагментатор;
• devcon — это программа с интерфейсом командной строки, которая используется в качестве альтернативы диспетчеру устройств. С ее помощью можно включать, выключать, перезапускать, обновлять, удалять и опрашивать отдельные устройства или группы устройств. Программа DevCon также предоставляет необходимые разработчику драйвера сведения, которые недоступны с помощью диспетчера устройств;
• diantz — cссылка на программу makecab.exe;
• diskpart — использования сценария diskpart;
• diskperf — счётчик производительности;
• doskey — редактирование и повторный вызов команд windows xp , создание макросов driverquery — просмотр списка установленных драйверов устройств и их свойства;
• edlin — запуск построчного текстового редактора;
• echo — вывод сообщений и переключение режима отображения команд на экране;
• endlocal — конец локальных изменений среды для пакетного файла;
• erase — удаление одного или нескольких файлов;
• eventcreate — позволяет создать запись об основном событии в журнале событий;
• eventtriggers — позволяет настроить триггеры событий в локальной или удалённой системе;
• exe2bin — преобразование exe в двоичный формат;
• expand — распаковка сжатых файлов;
• fc — сравнение файлов и вывод различий между ними;
• for — запуск указанной команды для каждого файла в наборе;
• format — форматирование диска;
• ftype — вывод, либо изменение типов файлов;
• find — поиск текстовой строки в одном или нескольких файлах;
• findstr — поиск строк в файлах;
• finger — вывод сведений о пользователях указанной системы, на которой запущена служба;
• fltmc — работа с драйверами фильтров;
• fontview — программа просмотра шрифтов;
• forcedos — запуск заданной программы в подсистеме MS-DOS. Эта команда необходима для тех программ MS-DOS, которые не распознаются системой Microsoft Windows XP;
• fsutil — служебная программа командной строки, которая используется для выполнения связанных задач файловых систем FAT и NTFS, таких как управление точками повторной обработки, управление разреженными файлами, отключение тома или расширение тома;
• ftp — программа передачи файлов;
• goto — передача управления в указанную строку пакетного файла;
• graftabl — позволяет windows отображать расширенный набор символов в графическом режиме;
• getmac — отображает MAC-адрес одного или нескольких сетевых адаптеров;
• gpresult — отображает результирующую политику RSoP для указанного компьютера;
• gpupdate — выполнение обновления групповых политик;
• if — оператор условного выполнения команд в пакетном файле;
• ipconfig — информация о IP-адресе;
• ipxroute — программа управления маршрутизацией nwlink ipx;
• label — создание , изменение и удаление меток тома для диска;
• lodctr — обновление имен счётчиков и поясняющего текста для расширенного счётчика;
• logman — управление службой «повешения и журналы производительности»;
• logoff — завершение сеанса;
• lpq — отображение состояния очереди удалённой очереди печати lpq;
• lpr — направляет задание печати на сетевой принтер;
• md — создание папки;
• mkdir — создать папку;
• mode – конфигурирование системных устройств;
• more — последовательный вывод данных по частям размером в один экран;
• move — перемещение одного или нескольких файлов из одной папки в другую;
• makecab — архивирует файлы в cab архив;
• mem — выводит сведения об используемой и свободной памяти;
• mofcomp — 32-разрядный компилятор;
• mountvol — создание, просмотр и удаление точек подключения;
• mqbkup — утилита архивирования и восстановления очереди сообщений;
• mqsvc — обеспечивает инфраструктуру для работы распределенных приложений, основанных на асинхронных сообщениях. MSMQ;
• mrinfo — работа с многоадресными рассылками;
• msg — отправка сообщений;
• nbtstat — отображение статистики протокола и текущих подключений tcp/ip с помощью nbt;
• netstat — отображение статистики протоколов и текущих сетевых подключений TCP/IP;
• nlsfunc — загрузка сведений о национальных стандартах;
• odbcconf — настройка драйвера ODBC;
• openfiles — вывод списка открытых файлов и папок, которые были открыты в системе;
• path — вывод, либо установка пути поиска исполняемых файлов;
• popd — восстановление предыдущего значения текущей папки;
• prompt — изменение приглашения в командной строке;
• pushd — сохранения значений текущей активной папки и переход к следующей;
• pathping — программа пингования и поиска пути;
• pentnt — обнаруживает ошибки деления с плавающей точкой процессора Pentium, отключает аппаратную обработку чисел с плавающей точкой и включает эмуляции операций с плавающей точкой;
• ping — отправка пакетов на указанный адрес;
• ping6 — команда проверки связи;
• powercfg — управление электропитанием системы;
• print — печать текстового файла;
• proxycfg — инструмент настройки прокси;
• qappsrv — отображает доступные серверы терминалов в сети;
• qprocess — отображает информацию о процессах;
• qwinsta — отображение информации о сеансах терминалов;
• rd — удаление папки;
• rem — помещение ремарки в пакетный файл;
• ren — переименование файлов и папок;
• rename — переименовать файл или папку;
• rmdir — удаление папки;
• rasdial — интерфейс связи из командной строки для клиента службы удалённого доступа;
• rcp — обмен файлами с компьютером, на котором выполняется служба rcp;
• recover — восстановление данных на повреждённом диске;
• reg — служит для работы с реестром;
• regsvr32 — сервер регистрации;
• replace — замена файлов;
• reset — утилита сброса служб терминалов;
• rexec — выполнение команд на удаленных узлах на которых выполняется служба rexec;
• route — обработка таблиц сетевых маршрутов;
• rsh — выполнение команд на удалённых узлах на которых запущена служба rsh;
• runas — использование приложений от имени другого пользователя;
• rwinsta — сброс значений подсистем оборудования и программ сеанса в начальное состояние;
• sc — можно узнать где находиться профиль для работы в домене;
• set — вывод, установка и удаление переменных среды Windows;
• setlocal — начало локальных изменений среды для пакетного файла;
• shift — изменение содержимого подставляемых параметров для пакетного файла;
• start — запуск программы или команды в отдельном окне;
• sdbinst — установщик базы данных совместимости;
• setver — задаёт номер версии, который MS-DOS сообщает программе;
• sfc — проверка всех запущенных системных файлов и замена неправильных версий;
• shadow — наблюдение за другим сеансом служб терминалов;
• shutdown — перезагрузка, выключения компьютера и т.п.;
• smbinst — процесс, принадлежащий System Management BIOS Driver Installer;
• sort — программа сортировки;
• subst — сопоставление имени диска указанному пути;
• systeminfo — позволяет получить информацию о конфигурации системы;
• taskkill — принудительное завершение процессов;
• tasklist — показывает процессы, выполняемые в данный момент;
• time — просмотр и изменение текущего времени;
• title — назначение заголовка текущего окна интерпретатора;
• tree — графическое отображение структуры заданного диска или папке;
• type — вывод на экране содержимого текстовых файлов;
• tcmsetup — установка клиента телефонии;
• tftp — обмен файлами с удалённым компьютером;
• tlntadmn — без понятия, так и не разобрался;
• tracerpt — обрабатывает двоичные файлы журнала отслеживания событий или потоки данных в реальном времени от поставщиков отслеживания событий и создаёт отчёт в текстовом файле, с описанием произошедших событий;
• tracert — трассировка маршрута к указанному узлу;
• tracert6 — версия tracert для протокола IPv6;
• tscon — присоединяет сеанс пользователя к сеансу терминала;
• tsdiscon — отключение сеанса терминала;
• tskill — прекращение процесса;
• tsshutdn — завершение работы сервера в установленном порядке;
• typeperf — выводит сведения о производительности на экран или в журнал;
• ver — вывод сведений о версии windows;
• verify — установка режима проверки правильности записи файлов на диск;
• vol — вывод метки и серийного номера тома для диска;
• unlodctr — удаление имен счётчиков и поясняющего текста для расширенного счётчика;
• userinit — является частью операционных систем Windows, отвечая за процесс загрузки системы;
• vssadmin — инструмент командной строки теневого копирования тома;
• w32tm — диагностика службы времени;
• wbemtest — тест инструментария windows;
• winver — информация о версии windows;
• wmic — настройка старта сеанса(для продвинутых пользователей, не советую использовать без должного опыта);
• xcopy — копирование файлов и дерева папок.

Выводы

Итак, мы разобрались с командой HELP в Windows, узнали несколько десятков новых команд и разобрались с тем, как при помощи HELP и конструкций «/?», «-?» узнать параметры других команд, зная параметры и синтаксис использования команды, вы без труда разберетесь с тем, как она работает.

«Командная строка» или консоль — один из важнейших компонентов Windows, предоставляющий возможность быстрого и удобного управления функциями операционной системы, ее тонкой настройки и устранения множества проблем как с программной, так и с аппаратной составляющей. Но без знания команд, с помощью которых все это можно сделать, данный инструмент является бесполезным. Сегодня мы расскажем именно о них – различных командах и операторах, предназначенных для использования в консоли.

Так как команд для консоли существует огромное множество, мы рассмотрим лишь основные из них — те, которые рано или поздно могут прийти на помощь рядовому пользователю Windows 10, ведь именно на них и ориентирована эта статья. Но прежде чем приступить к изучению информации, рекомендуем вам ознакомиться с представленным по ссылке ниже материалом, в котором рассказывается обо всех возможных вариантах запуска консоли как с обычными, так и с административными правами.

Читайте также:
Как открыть «Командную строку» в Виндовс 10
Запуск консоли от имени администратора в Windows 10

Запуск приложений и компонентов системы

Первым делом рассмотрим простые команды, с помощью которых можно быстро запускать стандартные программы и оснастки. Напомним, что после ввода любой из них нужно нажимать «ENTER».

Читайте также: Установка и удаление программ в Виндовс 10

appwiz.cpl – запуск средства «Программы и компоненты»

certmgr.msc – консоль управления сертификатами

control – «Панель управления»

control printers – «Принтеры и факсы»

control userpasswords2 – «Учетные записи пользователя»

compmgmt.msc – «Управление компьютером»

devmgmt.msc – «Диспетчер устройств»

dfrgui – «Оптимизация дисков»

diskmgmt.msc — «Управление дисками»

dxdiag – средство диагностики DirectX

hdwwiz.cpl – еще одна команда для вызова «Диспетчера устройств»

firewall.cpl – Бандмауэр Защитника Windows

gpedit.msc – «Редактор локальной групповой политики»

lusrmgr.msc — «Локальные пользователи и группы»

mblctr — «Центр мобильности» (по понятным причинам доступен только на ноутбуках)

mmc — консоль управления системными оснастками

msconfig – «Конфигурация системы»

odbcad32 — панель администрирования источника данных ODBC

perfmon.msc — «Системный монитор», предоставляющий возможность просмотра изменений в производительности компьютера и системы

presentationsettings — «Параметры режима презентации» (доступно только на ноутбуках)

powershell — PowerShell

powershell_ise — «Интегрированная среда сценариев» оболочки PowerShell

regedit — «Редактор реестра»

resmon — «Монитор ресурсов»

rsop.msc — «Результирующая политика»

shrpubw — «Мастер создания общих ресурсов»

secpol.msc — «Локальная политика безопасности»

services.msc — средство управления службами операционной системы

taskmgr — «Диспетчер задач»

taskschd.msc — «Планировщик заданий»

Действия, управление и настройка

Здесь будут представлены команды для выполнения различных действий в среде операционной, а также управления и настройки входящих в ее состав компонентов.

computerdefaults — определение параметров программ по умолчанию

control admintools – переход к папке со средствами администрирования

date – просмотр текущей даты с возможностью ее изменения

displayswitch – выбор экранов

dpiscaling – параметры дисплея

eventvwr.msc – просмотр журнала событий

fsmgmt.msc — средство работы с общими папками

fsquirt — отправка и прием файлов по Bluetooth

intl.cpl – региональные настройки

joy.cpl — настройка внешних игровых устройств (геймпадов, джойстиков и т.д.)

logoff — выход из системы

lpksetup — установка и удаление языков интерфейса

mobsync — «Центр синхронизации»

msdt — официальное средство диагностики службы поддержки Microsoft

msra — вызов «Удаленного помощника Windows» (может использоваться как для получения, так и для оказания помощи удаленно)

msinfo32 — просмотр сведений об операционной системе (отображает характеристики программных и аппаратных компонентов ПК)

mstsc — подключение к удаленному Рабочему столу

napclcfg.msc — настройка конфигурации операционной системы

netplwiz — панель управления «Учетными записями пользователей»

optionalfeatures — включение и отключение стандартных компонентов операционной системы

shutdown – завершение работы

sigverif — средство проверки подлинности файлов

sndvol — «Микшер громкости»

slui — средство активации лицензии ОС Windows

sysdm.cpl — «Свойства системы»

systempropertiesperformance — «Параметры быстродействия»

systempropertiesdataexecutionprevention — запуск службы DEP, компонента «Параметров быстродействия» ОС

timedate.cpl — изменение даты и времени

tpm.msc — «Управление доверенным платформенным модулем TPM на локальном компьютере»

useraccountcontrolsettings — «Параметры управления учетными записями пользователей»

utilman — управление «Специальными возможностями» в разделе «Параметров» операционной системы

wf.msc — активация режима повышенной безопасности в стандартном Брандмауэре ОС Windows

winver — просмотр общих (кратких) сведений об операционной системе и ее версии

WMIwscui.cpl — переход к Центру поддержки операционной системы

wscript — «Параметры сервера сценария» ОС Windows

wusa — «Автономный установщик обновлений Windows»

Настройка и использование оборудования

Есть ряд команд, предназначенных для вызова стандартных программ и элементов управления и предоставляющих возможность настройки оборудования, подключенного к компьютеру или ноутбуку либо интегрированного.

main.cpl — настройка мыши

mmsys.cpl — панель настройки звука (устройства ввода/вывода аудиосигнала)

printui — «Пользовательский интерфейс принтера»

printbrmui — средство переноса принтера, предоставляющее возможность экспорта и импорта программных компонентов и драйверов оборудования

printmanagement.msc — «Управление печатью»

sysedit — редактирование системных файлов с расширениями INI и SYS (Boot.ini, Config.sys, Win.ini и др.)

tabcal — средство калибровки дигитайзера

tabletpc.cpl — просмотр и настройка свойств планшета и пера

verifier — «Диспетчер проверки драйверов» (их цифровой подписи)

wfs — «Факсы и сканирование»

wmimgmt.msc — вызов «Элемента управления WMI» стандартной консоли

Работа с данными и накопителями

Ниже представим ряд команд, предназначенных для работы с файлами, папками, дисковыми устройствами и накопителями, как внутренними, так и внешними.

Примечание: Некоторые из представленных ниже команд работают только в контексте – внутри предварительно вызванных консольных утилит или с обозначенными файлами, папками. Для получения более подробных сведений по ним вы всегда можете обратиться к справке, воспользовавшись командой «help» без кавычек.

attrib – редактирование атрибутов предварительно обозначенного файла или папки

bcdboot – создание и/или восстановление системного раздела

cd – просмотр наименования текущей директории или переход в другую

chdir – просмотр папки или переход к другой

chkdsk — проверка жестких и твердотельных дисков, а также подключенных к ПК внешних накопителей

cleanmgr – инструмент «Очистка диска»

convert – преобразование файловой системы тома

copy – копирование файлов (с указанием конечного каталога)

del – удаление выбранных файлов

dir – просмотр файлов и папок по указанному пути

diskpart – консольная утилита для работы с дисками (открывается в отдельном окне «Командной строки», для просмотра поддерживаемых команд обратитесь к справке – help)

erase – удаление файлов

fc – сравнение файлов и поиск различий

format – форматирование накопителя

md – создание новой папки

mdsched — проверка оперативной памяти

migwiz — средство миграции (переноса данных)

move – перемещение файлов по заданному пути

ntmsmgr.msc — средство работы с внешними накопителями (флешками, картами памяти и т.д.)

recdisc — создание диска восстановления операционной системы (работает только с оптическими накопителями)

recover – восстановление данных

rekeywiz — инструмент для шифрования данных («Шифрующая файловая система (EFS)»)

RSoPrstrui — Настройка средства «Восстановление системы»

sdclt — «Резервное копирование и восстановление»

sfc /scannow — проверка целостности системных файлов с возможностью их восстановления

Читайте также: Форматирование флешки через «Командную строку»

Сеть и интернет

Напоследок ознакомим вас с несколькими простыми командами, предоставляющими возможность получения быстрого доступа к сетевым параметрам и настройке интернета.

control netconnections – просмотр и настройка доступных «Сетевых подключений»

inetcpl.cpl – переход к свойствам интернета

NAPncpa.cpl — аналог первой команды, предоставляющий возможность настройки сетевых подключений

telephon.cpl — настройка модемного подключения к интернету

Заключение

Мы ознакомили вас с довольно большим количеством команд для «Командной строки» в Windows 10, но по факту это лишь малая их часть. Запомнить все получится вряд ли, но этого и не требуется, тем более что при необходимости вы всегда можете обратиться к данному материалу или встроенной в консоль справочной системе. Кроме того, если у вас остались вопросы по рассмотренной нами теме, смело задавайте их в комментариях.

assoc Вывод либо изменение сопоставлений по расширениям имён файлов attrib Отображение и изменение атрибутов файлов break Включение и выключение режима обработки комбинации клавиш Ctrl+C bcdedit Задаёт свойства в базе данных загрузки для управления начальной загрузкой cacls Отображение и редактирование списков управления доступом (ACL) к файлам call Вызов одного пакетного файла из другого cd Вывод имени либо смена текущей папки chcp Вывод либо установка активной кодовой страницы chdir Вывод имени либо смена текущей папки chkdsk Проверка диска и вывод статистики chkntfs Отображение или изменение выполнения проверки диска во время загрузки cls Очистка экрана cmd Запуск ещё одного интерпретатора командных строк color Установка цветов переднего плана и фона, используемых по умолчанию comp Сравнение содержимого двух файлов или двух наборов файлов compact Отображение и изменение сжатия файлов в разделах NTFS convert Преобразует тома FAT в NTFS copy Копирование одного или нескольких файлов в другое место date Вывод либо установка текущей даты del Удаление одного или нескольких файлов dir Вывод списка файлов и подпапок из указанной папки diskpart Отображает или настраивает свойства раздела диска doskey Редактирует командные строки, создаёт макросы и повторно вызывает команды Windows 10 dism Перечисляет, устанавливает, удаляет, настраивает и обновляет компоненты и пакеты в образах Windows 10 driverquery Отображает текущее состояние и свойства драйвера устройства echo Отображает сообщения и переключает режим отображения команд на экране endlocal Завершает локализацию изменений среды для пакетного файла erase Удаляет один или несколько файлов exit Завершает работу программы cmd.exe (интерпретатора командных строк) fc Сравнивает два файла или два набора файлов и
отображает различия между ними find Ищет текстовую строку в одном или нескольких файлах findstr Ищет выбранные строки в файлах for Запускает указанную команду для каждого из файлов в наборе format Форматирует диск для работы с Windows 10 fsutil Отображает или настраивает свойства файловой системы ftype Отображает либо изменяет типы файлов, используемые при сопоставлении по расширениям имён файлов goto Направляет интерпретатор команд Windows в отмеченную строку пакетной программы gpresult Отображает информацию о групповой политике для компьютера или пользователя graftabl Позволяет системе отображать расширенный набор символов в графическом режиме help Выводит справочную информацию о командах Window 10 icacls Отображает, изменяет, архивирует или восстанавливает списки ACL для файлов и каталогов if Выполняет условную обработку в пакетных программах ipconfig
Выводит данные обо всех сетевых подключениях label Создаёт, изменяет или удаляет метки тома для дисков md Создаёт каталог mkdir Создаёт каталог mklink Создаёт символьные ссылки и жёсткие связи mode Настраивает системные устройства more Последовательно отображает данные по частям размером в один экран move Перемещает один или несколько файлов из одного каталога в другой openfiles Отображает файлы, открытые для файлового ресурса удалёнными пользователями path Отображает или устанавливает путь поиска исполняемых файлов pause Приостанавливает выполнение пакетного файла и выводит сообщение ping Проверяет целостность сети и качество соединения в ней popd Восстанавливает предыдущее значение текущего каталога,
сохранённое с помощью команды PUSHD print Выводит на печать содержимое текстового файла prompt Изменяет командную строку Windows 10 pushd Сохраняет текущий каталог, затем изменяет его rd Удаляет каталог recover Восстанавливает данные, которые можно прочитать, с плохого или повреждённого диска rem Записывает комментарии в пакетные файлы или файл config.sys ren Переименовывает файлы rename Переименовывает файлы replace Заменяет файлы rmdir Удаляет каталог robocopy Улучшенная служебная программа копирования файлов и деревьев папок set Показывает, устанавливает или удаляет переменные среды Windows 10 setlocal Начинает локализацию изменений среды в пакетном файле sc Отображает или настраивает службы (фоновые процессы) schtasks Выполняет команды и запускает программы на компьютере по расписанию sfc Проверяет целостность всех защищённых системных файлов и заменяет неправильные версии правильными. shift Изменяет положение заменяемых параметров в пакетных файлах shutdown Позволяет локально или удалённо завершить работу компьютера sort Сортирует ввод start Выполняет указанную программу или команду в отдельном окне subst Связывает путь с именем диска systeminfo Отображает сведения о свойствах и конфигурации определённого компьютера tasklist Отображает все выполняемые задачи, включая службы taskkill Прекращение или остановка процесса либо приложения time Отображает или устанавливает системное время title Назначает заголовок окна для сеанса cmd.exe tracert
Отслеживает маршруты следования данных в сетях TCP/IP tree Графически отображает структуру каталогов диска или пути type Отображает содержимое текстовых файлов ver Отображает сведения о версии Windows 10 verify Устанавливает режим проверки в Windows 10 правильности записи файлов на диск vol Отображает метку и серийный номер тома для диска xcopy Копирует файлы и деревья папок wmic Отображает сведения об инструментарии WMI в интерактивной командной оболочке

Command Description Append The append command can be used by programs to open files in another directory as if they were located in the current directory. The append command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The append command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Arp The arp command is used to display or change entries in the ARP cache. The arp command is available in all versions of Windows. Assoc The assoc command is used to display or change the file type associated with a particular file extension. The assoc command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. At The at command is used to schedule commands and other programs to run at a specific date and time. The at command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Beginning in Windows 8, command line task scheduling should instead be completed with the schtasks command. Atmadm The atmadm command is used to display information related to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) connections on the system. The atmadm command is available in Windows XP. Support for ATM was removed beginning in Windows Vista, making the atmadm command unnecessary. Attrib The attrib command is used to change the attributes of a single file or a directory. The attrib command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Auditpol The auditpol command is used to display or change audit policies. The auditpol command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Bcdboot The bcdboot command is used to copy boot files to the system partition and to create a new system BCD store. The bcdboot command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Bcdedit The bcdedit command is used to view or make changes to Boot Configuration Data. The bcdedit command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. The bcdedit command replaced the bootcfg command beginning in Windows Vista. Bdehdcfg The bdehdcfg command is used to prepare a hard drive for BitLocker Drive Encryption. The bdehdcfg command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Bitsadmin The bitsadmin command is used to create, manage, and monitor download and upload jobs. The bitsadmin command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. While the bitsadmin command is available in those versions of Windows, it is being phased out—the BITS PowerShell cmdlets should be used instead. Bootcfg The bootcfg command is used to build, modify, or view the contents of the boot.ini file, a hidden file that is used to identify in what folder, on which partition, and on which hard drive Windows is located. The bootcfg command is available in Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The bootcfg command was replaced by the bcdedit command beginning in Windows Vista. Bootcfg is still available in Windows 10, 8, 7, and Vista, but it serves no real value since boot.ini is not used in these operating systems. Bootsect The bootsect command is used to configure the master boot code to one compatible with BOOTMGR (Vista and later) or NTLDR (XP and earlier). The bootsect command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. The bootsect command is also available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista but only from the Command Prompt available in System Recovery Options. Break The break command sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking on DOS systems. The break command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The break command is available in Windows XP and later versions of Windows to provide compatibility with MS-DOS files but it has no effect in Windows itself. Cacls The cacls command is used to display or change access control lists of files. The cacls command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The cacls command is being phased out in favor of the icacls command, which should be used instead in all versions of Windows after Windows XP. Call The call command is used to run a script or batch program from within another script or batch program. The call command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The call command has no effect outside of a script or batch file. In other words, running the call command at the Command Prompt or MS-DOS prompt will do nothing. Cd The cd command is the shorthand version of the chdir command. The cd command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Certreq The certreq command is used to perform various certification authority (CA) certificate functions. The certreq command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Certutil The certutil command is used to dump and display certification authority (CA) configuration information in addition to other CA functions. The certutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Change The change command changes various terminal server settings like install modes, COM port mappings, and logons. The change command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Chcp The chcp command displays or configures the active code page number. The chcp command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Chdir The chdir command is used to display the drive letter and folder that you are currently in. Chdir can also be used to change the drive and/or directory that you want to work in. The chdir command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Checknetisolation The checknetisolation command is used to test apps that require network capabilities. The checknetisolation command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. Chglogon The chglogon command enables, disables, or drains terminal server session logins. The chglogon command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Executing the chglogon command is the same as executing change logon. Chgport The chgport command can be used to display or change COM port mappings for DOS compatibility. The chgport command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Executing the chgport command is the same as executing change port. Chgusr The chgusr command is used to change the install mode for the terminal server. The chgusr command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Executing the chgusr command is the same as executing change user. Chkdsk The chkdsk command, often referred to as check disk, is used to identify and correct certain hard drive errors. The chkdsk command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Chkntfs The chkntfs command is used to configure or display the checking of the disk drive during the Windows boot process. The chkntfs command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Choice The choice command is used within a script or batch program to provide a list of choices and return the value of that choice to the program. The choice command is available in MS-DOS and all versions of Windows except Windows XP. Use the set command with the /p switch in place of the choice command in batch files and scripts that you plan to use in Windows XP. Cipher The cipher command shows or changes the encryption status of files and folders on NTFS partitions. The cipher command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Clip The clip command is used to redirect the output from any command to the clipboard in Windows. The clip command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Cls The cls command clears the screen of all previously entered commands and other text. The cls command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Cmd The cmd command starts a new instance of the cmd.exe command interpreter. The cmd command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Cmdkey The cmdkey command is used to show, create, and remove stored user names and passwords. The cmdkey command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Cmstp The cmstp command installs or uninstalls a Connection Manager service profile. The cmstp command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Color The color command is used to change the colors of the text and background within the Command Prompt window. The color command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Command The command command starts a new instance of the command.com command interpreter. The command command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The command command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Comp The comp command is used to compare the contents of two files or sets of files. The comp command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Compact The compact command is used to show or change the compression state of files and directories on NTFS partitions. The compact command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Convert The convert command is used to convert FAT or FAT32 formatted volumes to the NTFS format. The convert command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Copy The copy command does simply that — it copies one or more files from one location to another. The copy command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The xcopy command is considered to be a more «powerful» version of the copy command. Cscript The cscript command is used to execute scripts via Microsoft Script Host. The cscript command is available in all versions of Windows. The cscript command is most popularly used to manage printers from the command line using scripts like prncnfg.vbs, prndrvr.vbs, prnmngr.vbs, and others. Ctty The ctty command is used to change the default input and output devices for the system. The ctty command is available in Windows 98 and 95 as well as in MS-DOS. The functions provided by the ctty command were no longer necessary beginning in Windows XP because the command.com interpreter (MS-DOS) is no longer the default command line interpreter. Date The date command is used to show or change the current date. The date command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Dblspace The dblspace command is used to create or configure DoubleSpace compressed drives. The dblspace command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. DriveSpace, executed using the drvspace command, is an updated version of DoubleSpace. Windows began handling compression beginning in Windows XP. Debug The debug command starts Debug, a command line application used to test and edit programs. The debug command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The debug command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Defrag The defrag command is used to defragment a drive you specify. The defrag command is the command line version of Microsoft’s Disk Defragmenter. The defrag command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Del The del command is used to delete one or more files. The del command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The del command is the same as the erase command. Deltree The deltree command is used to delete a directory and all the files and subdirectories within it. The deltree command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Beginning in Windows XP, a folder and its files and subfolders can be removed using the /s function of the rmdir command. Deltree was no longer needed with this new rmdir ability so the command was removed. Diantz The diantz command is used to losslessly compress one or more files. The diantz command is sometimes called Cabinet Maker. The diantz command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The diantz command is the same as the makecab command. Dir The dir command is used to display a list of files and folders contained inside the folder that you are currently working in. The dir command also displays other important information like the hard drive’s serial number, the total number of files listed, their combined size, the total amount of free space left on the drive, and more. The dir command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Diskcomp The diskcomp command is used to compare the contents of two floppy disks. The diskcomp command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS, with the exclusion of Windows 11 and Windows 10. Diskcopy The diskcopy command is used to copy the entire contents of one floppy disk to another. The diskcopy command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS, with the exclusion of Windows 11 and Windows 10. Diskpart The diskpart command is used to create, manage, and delete hard drive partitions. The diskpart command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The diskpart command replaced the fdisk command beginning in Windows XP. Diskperf The diskperf command is used to manage disk performance counters remotely. The diskperf command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Diskraid The diskraid command starts the DiskRAID tool which is used to manage and configure RAID arrays. The diskraid command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Dism The dism command starts the Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool (DISM). The DISM tool is used to manage features in Windows images. The dism command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Dispdiag The dispdiag command is used to output a log of information about the display system. The dispdiag command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Djoin The djoin command is used to create a new computer account in a domain. The djoin command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Doskey The doskey command is used to edit command lines, create macros, and recall previously entered commands. The doskey command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Dosshell The dosshell command starts DOS Shell, a graphical file management tool for MS-DOS. The dosshell command is available in Windows 95 (in MS-DOS mode) and also in MS-DOS version 6.0 and later MS-DOS versions that were upgraded from previous versions that contained the dosshell command. A graphical file manager, Windows Explorer, became an integrated part of the operating system beginning in Windows 95. Dosx The dosx command is used to start DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI), a special mode designed to give MS-DOS applications access to more than the normally allowed 640 KB. The dosx command is available in Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The dosx command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. The dosx command and DPMI is only available in Windows to support older MS-DOS programs. Driverquery The driverquery command is used to show a list of all installed drivers. The driverquery command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Drvspace The drvspace command is used to create or configure DriveSpace compressed drives. The drvspace command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. DriveSpace is an updated version of DoubleSpace, executed using the dblspace command. Windows began handling compression beginning in Windows XP. Echo The echo command is used to show messages, most commonly from within script or batch files. The echo command can also be used to turn the echoing feature on or off. The echo command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Edit The edit command starts the MS-DOS Editor tool which is used to create and modify text files. The edit command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The edit command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Edlin The edlin command starts the Edlin tool which is used to create and modify text files from the command line. The edlin command is available in all 32-bit versions of Windows but is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. In MS-DOS, the edlin command is only available up to MS-DOS 5.0, so unless your later version of MS-DOS was upgraded from 5.0 or prior, you won’t see the edlin command. Emm386 The emm386 command is used to give MS-DOS access to more than 640 KB of memory (RAM). The emm386 command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Windows itself has access to extended and expanded memory beginning in Windows 95. Endlocal The endlocal command is used to end the localization of environment changes inside a batch or script file. The endlocal command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Erase The erase command is used to delete one or more files. The erase command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The erase command is the same as the del command. Esentutl The esentutl command is used to manage Extensible Storage Engine databases. The esentutl command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Eventcreate The eventcreate command is used to create a custom event in an event log. The eventcreate command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Eventtriggers The eventtriggers command is used to configure and display event triggers. The eventtriggers command is available in Windows XP. Beginning in Windows Vista, event triggers are created using the Attach Task To This Event feature in Event Viewer, making the eventtriggers command unnecessary. Exe2bin The exe2bin command is used to convert a file of the EXE file type (executable file) to a binary file. The exe2bin command is available in 32-bit versions of Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The exe2bin command is not available in any 64-bit version of Windows. Exit The exit command is used to end the cmd.exe (Windows) or command.com (MS-DOS) session that you’re currently working in. The exit command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Expand The expand command is used to extract the files and folders contained in Microsoft Cabinet (CAB) files. The expand command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all versions of Windows. The expand command is not available in the 64-bit version of Windows XP. Extrac32 The extrac32 command is used to extract the files and folders contained in Microsoft Cabinet (CAB) files. The extrac32 command is available in all versions of Windows. The extrac32 command is actually a CAB extraction program for use by Internet Explorer but can be used to extract any Microsoft Cabinet file. Use the expand command instead of the extrac32 command if possible. Extract The extract command is used to extract the files and folders contained in Microsoft Cabinet (CAB) files. The extract command is available in Windows 98 and 95. The extract command was replaced by the expand command beginning in Windows XP. Fasthelp The fasthelp command provides more detailed information on any of the other MS-DOS commands. The fasthelp command is only available in MS-DOS. The help command replaced the fasthelp command beginning in Windows 95. Fastopen The fastopen command is used to add a program’s hard drive location to a special list stored in memory, potentially improving the program’s launch time by removing the need for MS-DOS to locate the application on the drive. The fastopen command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The fastopen command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Fastopen is only available in Windows 10, Windows 8, 7, Vista, and XP to support older MS-DOS files. Fc The fc command is used to compare two individual or sets of files and then show the differences between them. The fc command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Fdisk The fdisk command is used to create, manage, and delete hard drive partitions. The fdisk command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. The fdisk command was replaced by the diskpart command beginning in Windows XP. Partition management is also available from Disk Management in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP. Find The find command is used to search for a specified text string in one or more files. The find command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Findstr The findstr command is used to find text string patterns in one or more files. The findstr command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Finger The finger command is used to return information about one or more users on a remote computer that’s running the Finger service. The finger command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Fltmc The fltmc command is used to load, unload, list, and otherwise manage Filter drivers. The fltmc command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Fondue The fondue command, short for Features on Demand User Experience Tool, is used to install any of the several optional Windows features from the command line. The fondue command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. Optional Windows features can also be installed from the Programs and Features applet in Control Panel. For The for command is used to run a specified command for each file in a set of files. The for command is most often used within a batch or script file. The for command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Forcedos The forcedos command is used to start the specified program in the MS-DOS subsystem. The forcedos command is only available in 32-bit versions of Windows XP. The forcedos command is only used for MS-DOS programs that are not recognized as such by Windows XP. Forfiles The forfiles command selects one or more files to execute a specified command on. The forfiles command is most often used within a batch or script file. The forfiles command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Format The format command is used to format a drive in the file system that you specify. The format command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Drive formatting is also available from Disk Management in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP. Fsutil The fsutil command is used to perform various FAT and NTFS file system tasks like managing reparse points and sparse files, dismounting a volume, and extending a volume. The fsutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Ftp The ftp command can be used to transfer files to and from another computer. The remote computer must be operating as an FTP server. The ftp command is available in all versions of Windows. Ftype The ftype command is used to define a default program to open a specified file type. The ftype command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Getmac The getmac command is used to display the media access control (MAC) address of all the network controllers on a system. The getmac command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Goto The goto command is used in a batch or script file to direct the command process to a labeled line in the script. The goto command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Gpresult The gpresult command is used to display Group Policy settings. The gpresult command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Gpupdate The gpupdate command is used to update Group Policy settings. The gpupdate command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Graftabl The graftabl command is used to enable the ability of Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode. The graftabl command is available in all versions of Windows and in MS-DOS up to version 5.0. The graftabl command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Graphics The graphics command is used to load a program that can print graphics. The graphics command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The graphics command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Help The help command provides more detailed information on any of the other Command Prompt or MS-DOS commands. The help command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Hostname The hostname command displays the name of the current host. The hostname command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Hwrcomp The hwrcomp command is used to compile custom dictionaries for handwriting recognition. The hwrcomp command is available in Windows 8 and Windows 7. Hwrreg The hwrreg command is used to install a previously compiled custom dictionary for handwriting recognition. The hwrreg command is available in Windows 8 and Windows 7. Icacls The icacls command is used to display or change access control lists of files. The icacls command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. The icacls command is an updated version of the cacls command. If The if command is used to perform conditional functions in a batch file. The if command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Interlnk The interlnk command is used to connect two computers via a serial or parallel connection to share files and printers. The interlnk command is only available in MS-DOS. The ability to directly connect two computers is handled by the networking functions in all versions of Windows. Intersvr The intersvr command is used to start the Interlnk server and to copy Interlnk files from one computer to another. The intersvr command is only available in MS-DOS. The ability to directly connect two computers is handled by the networking functions in all versions of Windows. Ipconfig The ipconfig command is used to display detailed IP information for each network adapter utilizing TCP/IP. The ipconfig command can also be used to release and renew IP addresses on systems configured to receive them via a DHCP server. The ipconfig command is available in all versions of Windows. Ipxroute The ipxroute command is used to display and change information about IPX routing tables. The ipxroute command is available in Windows XP. Microsoft removed their built-in NetWare client beginning in Windows Vista, removing the associated ipxroute command as well. Irftp The irftp command is used to transmit files over an infrared link. The irftp command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Iscsicli The iscsicli command starts the Microsoft iSCSI Initiator, used to manage iSCSI. The iscsicli command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Kb16 The kb16 command is used to support MS-DOS files that need to configure a keyboard for a specific language. The kb16 command is available in Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The kb16 command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. The kb16 command replaced the keyb command beginning in Windows XP but only exists to support older MS-DOS files. Keyb The keyb command is used to configure a keyboard for a specific language. The keyb command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. See the kb16 command for an equivalent command in later versions of Windows. Keyboard language settings are handled by the Region and Language or Regional and Language Options (depending on the version of Windows) Control Panel applets in Windows beginning in Windows XP. Klist The klist command is used to list Kerberos service tickets. The klist command can also be used to purge Kerberos tickets. The klist command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8 and Windows 7. Ksetup The ksetup command is used to configure connections to a Kerberos server. The ksetup command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8 and Windows 7. Ktmutil The ktmutil command starts the Kernel Transaction Manager utility. The ktmutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Label The label command is used to manage the volume label of a disk. The label command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Lh The lh command is the shorthand version of the loadhigh command. The lh command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Licensingdiag The licensingdiag command is a tool used to generate a text-based log and other data files that contain product activation and other Windows licensing information. The licensingdiag command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. Loadfix The loadfix command is used to load the specified program in the first 64K of memory and then runs the program. The loadfix command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The loadfix command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Loadhigh The loadhigh command is used to load a program into high memory and is usually used from within the autoexec.bat file. The loadhigh command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Memory usage is handled automatically beginning in Windows XP. Lock The lock command is used to lock a drive, enabling direct disk access for a program. The lock command is only available in Windows 98 and 95. Drive locking is no longer available as of Windows XP. Lodctr The lodctr command is used to update registry values related to performance counters. The lodctr command is available in all versions of Windows. Logman The logman command is used to create and manage Event Trace Session and Performance logs. The logman command also supports many functions of Performance Monitor. The logman command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Logoff The logoff command is used to terminate a session. The logoff command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Lpq The lpq command displays the status of a print queue on a computer running Line Printer Daemon (LPD). The lpq command is available in all versions of Windows. The lpq command is not available by default in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, or Vista, but can be enabled by turning on the LPD Print Service and LPR Port Monitor features from Programs and Features in Control Panel. Lpr The lpr command is used to send a file to a computer running Line Printer Daemon (LPD). The lpr command is available in all versions of Windows. The lpr command is not available by default in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, or Vista, but can be enabled by turning on the LPD Print Service and LPR Port Monitor features from Programs and Features in Control Panel. Makecab The makecab command is used to losslessly compress one or more files. The makecab command is sometimes called Cabinet Maker. The makecab command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The makecab command is the same as the diantz command, a command that was removed after Windows 7. Manage-bde The manage-bde command is used to configure BitLocker Drive Encryption from the command line. The manage-bde command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. A script by the name of manage-bde.wsf exists in Windows Vista and can be used with the cscript command to perform BitLocker tasks from the command line in that operating system. Md The md command is the shorthand version of the mkdir command. The md command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Mem The mem command shows information about used and free memory areas and programs that are currently loaded into memory in the MS-DOS subsystem. The mem command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The mem command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Memmaker The memmaker command is used to start MemMaker, a memory optimization tool. The memaker command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Memory usage is automatically optimized beginning in Windows XP. Mkdir The mkdir command is used to create a new folder. The mkdir command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Mklink The mklink command is used to create a symbolic link. The mklink command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Mode The mode command is used to configure system devices, most often COM and LPT ports. The mode command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Mofcomp The mofcomp command properly displays the data within a Managed Object Format (MOF) file. The mofcomp command is available in all versions of Windows. More The more command is used to display the information contained in a text file. The more command can also be used to paginate the results of any other Command Prompt or MS-DOS command. The more command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Mount The mount command is used to mount Network File System (NFS) network shares. The mount command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The mount command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Services for NFS Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. The mount command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Mountvol The mountvol command is used to display, create, or remove volume mount points. The mountvol command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Move The move command is used to move one or files from one folder to another. The move command is also used to rename directories. The move command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Mrinfo The mrinfo command is used to provide information about a router’s interfaces and neighbors. The mrinfo command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Msav The msav command starts Microsoft Antivirus. The msav command is only available in MS-DOS. Microsoft Antivirus was designed for MS-DOS and Windows 3.x only. Microsoft provides an optional virus protection suite called Microsoft Security Essentials for Windows XP and later operating systems, and third party antivirus tools are available for all versions of Windows. Msbackup The msbackup command starts Microsoft Backup, a tool used to back up and restore one or more files. The msbackup command is only available in MS-DOS. The msbackup command was replaced with Microsoft Backup beginning in Windows 95 and then Backup and Restore in later versions of Windows. Mscdex The mscdex command is used to provide CD-ROM access to MS-DOS. The mscdex command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Windows provides access to CD-ROM drives for the MS-DOS subsystem beginning in Windows XP, so the mscdex command is unnecessary in this and later operating systems. Msd The msd command starts Microsoft Diagnostics, a system information tool. The msd command is only available in MS-DOS. The msd command was replaced with System Information beginning in Windows 95. Msg The msg command is used to send a message to a user. The msg command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Msiexec The msiexec command is used to start Windows Installer, a tool used to install and configure software. The msiexec command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Muiunattend The muiunattend command starts the Multilanguage User Interface unattended setup process. The muiunattend command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Nbtstat The nbtstat command is used to show TCP/IP information and other statistical information about a remote computer. The nbtstat command is available in all versions of Windows. Net The net command is used to display, configure, and correct a wide variety of network settings. The net command is available in all versions of Windows. Net1 The net1 command is used to display, configure, and correct a wide variety of network settings. The net1 command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The net command should be used instead of the net1 command. The net1 command was made available in Windows NT and Windows 2000 as a temporary fix for a Y2K issue that the net command had, which was corrected before the release of Windows XP. The net1 command remains in later versions of Windows only for compatibility with older programs and scripts that utilized the command. Netcfg The netcfg command is used to install the Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE), a lightweight version of Windows used to deploy workstations. The netcfg command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Netsh The netsh command is used to start Network Shell, a command-line utility used to manage the network configuration of the local, or a remote, computer. The netsh command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Netstat The netstat command is most commonly used to display all open network connections and listening ports. The netstat command is available in all versions of Windows. Nfsadmin The nfsadmin command is used to manage Server for NFS or Client for NFS from the command line. The nfsadmin command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The nfsadmin command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Services for NFS Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. The nfsadmin command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Nlsfunc The nlsfunc command is used to load information specific to a particular country or region. The nlsfunc command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The nlsfunc command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Nlsfunc is only available in Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP to support older MS-DOS files. Nltest The nltest command is used to test secure channels between Windows computers in a domain and between domain controllers that are trusting other domains. The nltest command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Nslookup The nslookup is most commonly used to display the hostname of an entered IP address. The nslookup command queries your configured DNS server to discover the IP address. The nslookup command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Ntbackup The ntbackup command is used to perform various backup functions from the Command Prompt or from within a batch or script file. The ntbackup command is available in Windows XP. The ntbackup command was replaced with the wbadmin beginning in Windows Vista. Ntsd The ntsd command is used to perform certain command line debugging tasks. The ntsd command is available in Windows XP. The ntsd command was removed beginning in Windows Vista due to the addition of dump file support in Task Manager. Ocsetup The ocsetup command starts the Windows Optional Component Setup tool, used to install additional Windows features. The ocsetup command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Beginning in Windows 8, Microsoft is depreciating the ocsetup command in favor of the dism command. Openfiles The openfiles command is used to display and disconnect open files and folders on a system. The openfiles command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Path The path command is used to display or set a specific path available to executable files. The path command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Pathping The pathping command functions much like the tracert command but will also report information about network latency and loss at each hop. The pathping command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Pause The pause command is used within a batch or script file to pause the processing of the file. When the pause command is used, a «Press any key to continue…» message displays in the command window. The pause command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Pentnt The pentnt command is used to detect floating point division errors in the Intel Pentium chip. The pentnt command is also used to enable floating point emulation and disable floating point hardware. The pentnt command is available in Windows XP. The pentnt command was removed beginning in Windows Vista due to the lack of Intel Pentium CPU use at the time of this operating system release. Ping The ping command sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request message to a specified remote computer to verify IP-level connectivity. The ping command is available in all versions of Windows. Pkgmgr The pkgmgr command is used to start the Windows Package Manager from the Command Prompt. Package Manager installs, uninstalls, configures, and updates features and packages for Windows. The pkgmgr command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Pnpunattend The pnpunattend command is used to automate the installation of hardware device drivers. The pnpunattend command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Pnputil The pnputil command is used to start the Microsoft PnP Utility, a tool used to install a Plug and Play device from the command line. The pnputil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Popd The popd command is used to change the current directory to the one most recently stored by the pushd command. The popd command is most often utilized from within a batch or script file. The popd command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Power The power command is used to reduce the power consumed by a computer by monitoring software and hardware devices. The power command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. The power command was replaced by operating system integrated power management functions beginning in Windows XP. Powercfg The powercfg command is used to manage the Windows power management settings from the command line. The powercfg command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Print The print command is used to print a specified text file to a specified printing device. The print command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Prompt The prompt command is used to customize the appearance of the prompt text in Command Prompt or MS-DOS. The prompt command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Pushd The pushd command is used to store a directory for use, most commonly from within a batch or script program. The pushd command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Pwlauncher The pwlauncher command is used to enable, disable, or show the status of your Windows To Go startup options. The pwlauncher command is available in Windows 11, 10, and 8. Qappsrv The qappsrv command is used to display all Remote Desktop Session Host servers available on the network. The qappsrv command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Qbasic The qbasic command starts QBasic, the MS-DOS based programming environment for the BASIC programming language. The qbasic command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. The qbasic command is not installed by default with Windows 98 or 95 but is available from the installation disc or disks. Qprocess The qprocess command is used to display information about running processes. The qprocess command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Query The query command is used to display the status of a specified service. The query command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Quser The quser command is used to display information about users currently logged on to the system. The quser command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Qwinsta The qwinsta command is used to display information about open Remote Desktop Sessions. The qwinsta command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Rasautou The rasautou command is used to manage Remote Access Dialer AutoDial addresses. The rasautou command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Rasdial The rasdial command is used to start or end a network connection for a Microsoft client. The rasdial command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Rcp The rcp command is used to copy files between a Windows computer and a system running the rshd daemon. The rcp command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The rcp command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel and then installing the Utilities and SDK for UNIX-based Applications available here for Windows Vista and here for Windows 7. The rcp command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Rd The rd command is the shorthand version of the rmdir command. The rd command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Rdpsign The rdpsign command is used to sign a Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) file. The rdpsign command is available in Windows 7. Reagentc The reagentc command is used to configure the Windows Recovery Environment (RE). The reagentc command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Recimg The recimg command is used to create a custom refresh image. The recimg command is available in Windows 8. Recover The recover command is used to recover readable data from a bad or defective disk. The recover command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Reg The reg command is used to manage the Windows Registry from the command line. The reg command can perform common registry functions like adding registry keys, exporting the registry, etc. The reg command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Regini The regini command is used to set or change registry permissions and registry values from the command line. The regini command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Register-cimprovider The register-cimprovider command is used to register a Common Information Model (CIM) Provider in Windows. The register-cimprovider command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. Regsvr32 The regsvr32 command is used to register a DLL file as a command component in the Windows Registry. The regsvr32 command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Relog The relog command is used to create new performance logs from data in existing performance logs. The relog command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Rem The rem command is used to record comments or remarks in a batch or script file. The rem command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Ren The ren command is the shorthand version of the rename command. The ren command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Rename The rename command is used to change the name of the individual file that you specify. The rename command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Repair-bde The repair-bde command is used to repair or decrypt a damaged drive that’s been encrypted using BitLocker. The repair-bde command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Replace The replace command is used to replace one or more files with one or more other files. The replace command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Reset The reset command, executed as reset session, is used to reset the session subsystem software and hardware to known initial values. The reset command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Restore The restore command is used to restore files that were backed up using the backup command. The restore command is only available in MS-DOS. The backup command was only available up to MS-DOS 5.00 but the restore command was included by default with later versions of MS-DOS to provide a way to restore files that were backed up in previous versions of MS-DOS. Rexec The rexec command is used to run commands on remote computers running the rexec daemon. The rexec command is available in Windows Vista and Windows XP. The rsh command is not available by default in Windows Vista but can be enabled by turning on the Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel and then installing the Utilities and SDK for UNIX-based Applications available here. The rexec command is not available in Windows 7 but can be executed in Windows XP via Windows XP Mode if need be. Rmdir The rmdir command is used to delete an existing or completely empty folder. The rmdir command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Robocopy The robocopy command is used to copy files and directories from one location to another. This command is also called Robust File Copy. The robocopy command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. The robocopy command is superior to both the copy command and the xcopy command because robocopy supports many more options. Route The route command is used to manipulate network routing tables. The route command is available in all versions of Windows. Rpcinfo The rpcinfo command makes a remote procedure call (RPC) to an RPC server and reports what it finds. The rpcinfo command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The rpcinfo command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Services for NFS Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. The rpcinfo command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Rpcping The rpcping command is used to ping a server using RPC. The rpcping command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Rsh The rsh command is used to run commands on remote computers running the rsh daemon. The rsh command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The rsh command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel and then installing the Utilities and SDK for UNIX-based Applications available here for Windows Vista and here for Windows 7. The rsh command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Rsm The rsm command is used to manage media resources using Removable Storage. The rsm command is available in Windows Vista and Windows XP. The rsm command was optional in Windows Vista and then removed in Windows 7 due to Removable Storage Manager being removed from the operating system. Search for the rsm command in the C:Windowswinsxs folder in Windows Vista if you’re having trouble executing the command. Runas The runas command is used to execute a program using another user’s credentials. The runas command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Rwinsta The rwinsta command is the shorthand version of the reset session command. The rwinsta command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Sc The sc command is used to configure information about services. The sc command communicates with the Service Control Manager. The sc command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Scandisk The scandisk command is used to start Microsoft ScanDisk, a disk repair program. The scandisk command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. The scandisk command was replaced by the chkdsk command beginning in Windows XP. Scanreg The scanreg command starts Windows Registry Checker, a basic registry repair program and backup utility. The scanreg command is available in Windows 98 and Windows 95. The functions provided by the scanreg command were no longer necessary beginning in Windows XP due to changes in how the Windows Registry functions. Schtasks The schtasks command is used to schedule specified programs or commands to run at certain times. The schtasks command can be used to create, delete, query, change, run, and end scheduled tasks. The schtasks command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.​ Sdbinst The sdbinst command is used to deploy customized SDB database files. The sdbinst command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Secedit The secedit command is used to configure and analyze system security by comparing the current security configuration to a template. The secedit command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Set The set command is used to display, enable, or disable environment variables in MS-DOS or from the Command Prompt. The set command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Setlocal The setlocal command is used to start the localization of environment changes inside a batch or script file. The setlocal command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Setspn The setspn command is used to manage the Service Principal Names (SPN) for an Active Directory (AD) service account. The setspn command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Setver The setver command is used to set the MS-DOS version number that MS-DOS reports to a program. The setver command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The setver command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Setx The setx command is used to create or change environment variables in the user environment or the system environment. The setx command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Sfc The sfc command is used to verify and replace important Windows system files. The sfc command is also referred to as System File Checker or Windows Resource Checker, depending on the operating system. The sfc command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Shadow The shadow command is used to monitor another Remote Desktop Services session. The shadow command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Share The share command is used to install file locking and file sharing functions in MS-DOS. The share command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The share command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Share is only available in Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP to support older MS-DOS files. Shift The shift command is used to change the position of replaceable parameters in a batch or script file. The shift command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Showmount The showmount command is used to display information about NFS mounted file systems. The showmount command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The showmount command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Services for NFS Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. The showmount command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Shutdown The shutdown command can be used to shut down, restart, or log off the current system or a remote computer. The shutdown command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Smartdrv The smartdrv command installs and configures SMARTDrive, a disk caching utility for MS-DOS. The smartdrv command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Caching is automatic beginning in Windows XP, making the smartdrv command unnecessary. Sort The sort command is used to read data from a specified input, sort that data, and return the results of that sort to the Command Prompt screen, a file, or another output device. The sort command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Start The start command is used to open a new command line window to run a specified program or command. The start command can also be used to start an application without creating a new window. The start command is available in all versions of Windows. Subst The subst command is used to associate a local path with a drive letter. The subst command is a lot like the net use command except a local path is used instead of a shared network path. The subst command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The subst command replaced the assign command beginning with MS-DOS 6.0. Sxstrace The sxstrace command is used to start the WinSxs Tracing Utility, a programming diagnostic tool. The sxstrace command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Sys The sys command is used to copy the MS-DOS system files and command interpreter to a disk. The sys command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. The sys command is used most often to create a simple bootable disk or hard drive. The necessary system files for Windows are too large to fit on a disk, so the sys command was removed beginning in Windows XP. Systeminfo The systeminfo command is used to display basic Windows configuration information for the local or a remote computer. The systeminfo command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Takeown The takedown command is used to regain access to a file that that an administrator was denied access to when reassigning ownership of the file. The takeown command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Taskkill The taskkill command is used to terminate a running task. The taskkill command is the command line equivalent of ending a process in Task Manager in Windows. The taskkill command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tasklist Displays a list of applications, services, and the Process ID (PID) currently running on either a local or a remote computer. The tasklist command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tcmsetup The tcmsetup command is used to set up or disable the Telephony Application Programming Interface (TAPI) client. The tcmsetup command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Telnet The telnet command is used to communicate with remote computers that use the Telnet protocol. The telnet command is available in all versions of Windows. The telnet command is not available by default in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, or Vista, but can be enabled by turning on the Telnet Client Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. Tftp The tftp command is used to transfer files to and from a remote computer that’s running the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) service or daemon. The tftp command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The tftp command is not available by default in some versions of Windows, but can be enabled by turning on the TFTP Client Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. Time The time command is used to show or change the current time. The time command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Timeout The timeout command is typically used in a batch or script file to provide a specified timeout value during a procedure. The timeout command can also be used to ignore keypresses. The timeout command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Title The title command is used to set the Command Prompt window title. The title command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tlntadmn The tlntadmn command is used to administer a local or remote computer running Telnet Server. The tlntadmn command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The tlntadmn command is not available by default in some versions of Windows, but can be enabled by turning on the Telnet Server Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. Tpmvscmgr The tpmvscmgr command is used to create and destroy TPM virtual smart cards. The tpmvscmgr command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. Tracerpt The tracerpt command is used to process event trace logs or real-time data from instrumented event trace providers. The tracerpt command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tracert The tracert command sends Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages to a specified remote computer with increasing Time to Live (TTL) field values and displays the IP address and hostname, if available, of the router interfaces between the source and destination. The tracert command is available in all versions of Windows. Tree The tree command is used to graphically display the folder structure of a specified drive or path. The tree command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Tscon The tscon command is used to attach a user session to a Remote Desktop session. The tscon command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tsdiscon The tsdiscon command is used to disconnect a Remote Desktop session. The tsdiscon command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tskill The tskill command is used to end the specified process. The tskill command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tsshutdn The tsshutdn command is used to remotely shut down or restart a terminal server. The tsshutdn command is available in Windows XP. The ability to shut down a computer remotely is also available in the more powerful shutdown command, so tsshutdn was removed beginning in Windows Vista. Type The type command is used to display the information contained in a text file. The type command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Typeperf The typerperf command displays performance data in the Command Prompt window or writes the data to specified log file. The typeperf command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tzutil The tzutil command is used to display or configure the current system’s time zone. The tzutil command can also be used to enable or disable Daylight Saving Time adjustments. The tzutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Umount The umount command is used to remove Network File System (NFS) mounted network shares. The umount command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The umount command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Services for NFS Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. The umount command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Undelete The undelete command is used to undo a deletion performed with the MS-DOS delete command. The undelete command is only available in MS-DOS. The undelete command was removed beginning in Windows 95 due to the availability of the Recycle Bin in Windows. Additionally, free file recovery programs are available from third-party software makers. Unformat The unformat command is used to undo the formatting on a drive performed by the MS-DOS format command. The unformat command is only available in MS-DOS. The unformat command was removed beginning in Windows 95 due to file system changes. Unlock The unlock command is used to unlock a drive, disabling direct disk access for a program. The unlock command is only available in Windows 98 and 95. Drive locking is no longer available as of Windows XP. Unlodctr The unlodctr command removes Explain text and Performance counter names for a service or device driver from the Windows Registry. The unlodctr command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Vaultcmd The vaultcmd command is used to create, remove, and show stored credentials. The vaultcmd command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Ver The ver command is used to display the current Windows or MS-DOS version number. The ver command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Verify The verify command is used to enable or disable the ability of Command Prompt, or MS-DOS, to verify that files are written correctly to a disk. The verify command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Vol The vol command shows the volume label and serial number of a specified disk, assuming this information exists. The vol command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Vsafe The vsafe command is used to start VSafe, a basic virus protection system for MS-DOS. The vsafe command is only available in MS-DOS. VSafe was designed for MS-DOS and Windows 3.x only. Microsoft provides an optional virus protection suite called Microsoft Security Essentials for Windows XP and later operating systems, and third-party antivirus tools are available for all versions of Windows. Vssadmin The vssadmin command starts the Volume Shadow Copy Service administrative command line tool which displays current volume shadow copy backups and all installed shadow copy writers and providers. The vssadmin command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. W32tm The w32tm command is used to diagnose issues with Windows Time. The w32tm command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Waitfor The waitfor command is used to send or wait for a signal on a system. The waitfor command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Wbadmin The wbadmin command is used to start and stop backup jobs, display details about a previous backup, list the items within a backup, and report on the status of a currently running backup. The wbadmin command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. The wbadmin command replaced the ntbackup command beginning in Windows Vista. Wecutil The wecutil command is used to manage subscriptions to events that are forwarded from WS-Management supported computers. The wecutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Wevtutil The wevtutil command starts the Windows Events Command Line Utility which is used to manage event logs and publishers. The wevtutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Where The where command is used to search for files that match a specified pattern. The where command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Whoami The whoami command is used to retrieve user name and group information on a network. The whoami command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Winmgmt The winmgmt command starts the command line version of WMI, a scripting tool in Windows. The winmgmt command is available in all versions of Windows. Winrm The winrm command is used to start the command line version of Windows Remote Management, used to manage secure communications with local and remote computers using web services. The winrm command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Winrs The winrs command is used to open a secure command window with a remote host. The winrs command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Winsat The winsat command starts the Windows System Assessment Tool, a program that assesses various features, attributes, and capabilities of a computer running Windows. The winsat command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Wmic The wmic command starts the Windows Management Instrumentation Command line (WMIC), a scripting interface that simplifies the use of Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) and systems managed via WMI. The wmic command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Wsmanhttpconfig The wsmanhttpconfig command is used to manage aspects of the Windows Remote Management (WinRM) service. The wsmanhttpconfig command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Xcopy The xcopy command can copy one or more files or directory trees from one location to another. The xcopy command is generally considered a more «powerful» version of the copy command through the robocopy command trumps even xcopy. The xcopy command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. A command by the name of xcopy32 existed in Windows 95 and Windows 98. To avoid a long and confusing explanation here, just know that no matter if you executed the xcopy command or the xcopy32 command, you were always executing the most updated version of the command. Xwizard The xwizard command, short for Extensible Wizard, is used to register data in Windows, often from a preconfigured XML file. The xwizard command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7.

Command Description Append The append command can be used by programs to open files in another directory as if they were located in the current directory. The append command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The append command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Arp The arp command is used to display or change entries in the ARP cache. The arp command is available in all versions of Windows. Assoc The assoc command is used to display or change the file type associated with a particular file extension. The assoc command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. At The at command is used to schedule commands and other programs to run at a specific date and time. The at command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Beginning in Windows 8, command line task scheduling should instead be completed with the schtasks command. Atmadm The atmadm command is used to display information related to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) connections on the system. The atmadm command is available in Windows XP. Support for ATM was removed beginning in Windows Vista, making the atmadm command unnecessary. Attrib The attrib command is used to change the attributes of a single file or a directory. The attrib command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Auditpol The auditpol command is used to display or change audit policies. The auditpol command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Bcdboot The bcdboot command is used to copy boot files to the system partition and to create a new system BCD store. The bcdboot command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Bcdedit The bcdedit command is used to view or make changes to Boot Configuration Data. The bcdedit command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. The bcdedit command replaced the bootcfg command beginning in Windows Vista. Bdehdcfg The bdehdcfg command is used to prepare a hard drive for BitLocker Drive Encryption. The bdehdcfg command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Bitsadmin The bitsadmin command is used to create, manage, and monitor download and upload jobs. The bitsadmin command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. While the bitsadmin command is available in those versions of Windows, it is being phased out—the BITS PowerShell cmdlets should be used instead. Bootcfg The bootcfg command is used to build, modify, or view the contents of the boot.ini file, a hidden file that is used to identify in what folder, on which partition, and on which hard drive Windows is located. The bootcfg command is available in Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The bootcfg command was replaced by the bcdedit command beginning in Windows Vista. Bootcfg is still available in Windows 10, 8, 7, and Vista, but it serves no real value since boot.ini is not used in these operating systems. Bootsect The bootsect command is used to configure the master boot code to one compatible with BOOTMGR (Vista and later) or NTLDR (XP and earlier). The bootsect command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. The bootsect command is also available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista but only from the Command Prompt available in System Recovery Options. Break The break command sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking on DOS systems. The break command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The break command is available in Windows XP and later versions of Windows to provide compatibility with MS-DOS files but it has no effect in Windows itself. Cacls The cacls command is used to display or change access control lists of files. The cacls command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The cacls command is being phased out in favor of the icacls command, which should be used instead in all versions of Windows after Windows XP. Call The call command is used to run a script or batch program from within another script or batch program. The call command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The call command has no effect outside of a script or batch file. In other words, running the call command at the Command Prompt or MS-DOS prompt will do nothing. Cd The cd command is the shorthand version of the chdir command. The cd command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Certreq The certreq command is used to perform various certification authority (CA) certificate functions. The certreq command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Certutil The certutil command is used to dump and display certification authority (CA) configuration information in addition to other CA functions. The certutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Change The change command changes various terminal server settings like install modes, COM port mappings, and logons. The change command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Chcp The chcp command displays or configures the active code page number. The chcp command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Chdir The chdir command is used to display the drive letter and folder that you are currently in. Chdir can also be used to change the drive and/or directory that you want to work in. The chdir command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Checknetisolation The checknetisolation command is used to test apps that require network capabilities. The checknetisolation command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. Chglogon The chglogon command enables, disables, or drains terminal server session logins. The chglogon command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Executing the chglogon command is the same as executing change logon. Chgport The chgport command can be used to display or change COM port mappings for DOS compatibility. The chgport command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Executing the chgport command is the same as executing change port. Chgusr The chgusr command is used to change the install mode for the terminal server. The chgusr command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Executing the chgusr command is the same as executing change user. Chkdsk The chkdsk command, often referred to as check disk, is used to identify and correct certain hard drive errors. The chkdsk command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Chkntfs The chkntfs command is used to configure or display the checking of the disk drive during the Windows boot process. The chkntfs command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Choice The choice command is used within a script or batch program to provide a list of choices and return the value of that choice to the program. The choice command is available in MS-DOS and all versions of Windows except Windows XP. Use the set command with the /p switch in place of the choice command in batch files and scripts that you plan to use in Windows XP. Cipher The cipher command shows or changes the encryption status of files and folders on NTFS partitions. The cipher command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Clip The clip command is used to redirect the output from any command to the clipboard in Windows. The clip command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Cls The cls command clears the screen of all previously entered commands and other text. The cls command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Cmd The cmd command starts a new instance of the cmd.exe command interpreter. The cmd command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Cmdkey The cmdkey command is used to show, create, and remove stored user names and passwords. The cmdkey command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Cmstp The cmstp command installs or uninstalls a Connection Manager service profile. The cmstp command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Color The color command is used to change the colors of the text and background within the Command Prompt window. The color command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Command The command command starts a new instance of the command.com command interpreter. The command command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The command command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Comp The comp command is used to compare the contents of two files or sets of files. The comp command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Compact The compact command is used to show or change the compression state of files and directories on NTFS partitions. The compact command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Convert The convert command is used to convert FAT or FAT32 formatted volumes to the NTFS format. The convert command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Copy The copy command does simply that — it copies one or more files from one location to another. The copy command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The xcopy command is considered to be a more «powerful» version of the copy command. Cscript The cscript command is used to execute scripts via Microsoft Script Host. The cscript command is available in all versions of Windows. The cscript command is most popularly used to manage printers from the command line using scripts like prncnfg.vbs, prndrvr.vbs, prnmngr.vbs, and others. Ctty The ctty command is used to change the default input and output devices for the system. The ctty command is available in Windows 98 and 95 as well as in MS-DOS. The functions provided by the ctty command were no longer necessary beginning in Windows XP because the command.com interpreter (MS-DOS) is no longer the default command line interpreter. Date The date command is used to show or change the current date. The date command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Dblspace The dblspace command is used to create or configure DoubleSpace compressed drives. The dblspace command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. DriveSpace, executed using the drvspace command, is an updated version of DoubleSpace. Windows began handling compression beginning in Windows XP. Debug The debug command starts Debug, a command line application used to test and edit programs. The debug command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The debug command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Defrag The defrag command is used to defragment a drive you specify. The defrag command is the command line version of Microsoft’s Disk Defragmenter. The defrag command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Del The del command is used to delete one or more files. The del command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The del command is the same as the erase command. Deltree The deltree command is used to delete a directory and all the files and subdirectories within it. The deltree command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Beginning in Windows XP, a folder and its files and subfolders can be removed using the /s function of the rmdir command. Deltree was no longer needed with this new rmdir ability so the command was removed. Diantz The diantz command is used to losslessly compress one or more files. The diantz command is sometimes called Cabinet Maker. The diantz command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The diantz command is the same as the makecab command. Dir The dir command is used to display a list of files and folders contained inside the folder that you are currently working in. The dir command also displays other important information like the hard drive’s serial number, the total number of files listed, their combined size, the total amount of free space left on the drive, and more. The dir command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Diskcomp The diskcomp command is used to compare the contents of two floppy disks. The diskcomp command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS, with the exclusion of Windows 11 and Windows 10. Diskcopy The diskcopy command is used to copy the entire contents of one floppy disk to another. The diskcopy command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS, with the exclusion of Windows 11 and Windows 10. Diskpart The diskpart command is used to create, manage, and delete hard drive partitions. The diskpart command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The diskpart command replaced the fdisk command beginning in Windows XP. Diskperf The diskperf command is used to manage disk performance counters remotely. The diskperf command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Diskraid The diskraid command starts the DiskRAID tool which is used to manage and configure RAID arrays. The diskraid command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Dism The dism command starts the Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool (DISM). The DISM tool is used to manage features in Windows images. The dism command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Dispdiag The dispdiag command is used to output a log of information about the display system. The dispdiag command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Djoin The djoin command is used to create a new computer account in a domain. The djoin command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Doskey The doskey command is used to edit command lines, create macros, and recall previously entered commands. The doskey command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Dosshell The dosshell command starts DOS Shell, a graphical file management tool for MS-DOS. The dosshell command is available in Windows 95 (in MS-DOS mode) and also in MS-DOS version 6.0 and later MS-DOS versions that were upgraded from previous versions that contained the dosshell command. A graphical file manager, Windows Explorer, became an integrated part of the operating system beginning in Windows 95. Dosx The dosx command is used to start DOS Protected Mode Interface (DPMI), a special mode designed to give MS-DOS applications access to more than the normally allowed 640 KB. The dosx command is available in Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The dosx command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. The dosx command and DPMI is only available in Windows to support older MS-DOS programs. Driverquery The driverquery command is used to show a list of all installed drivers. The driverquery command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Drvspace The drvspace command is used to create or configure DriveSpace compressed drives. The drvspace command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. DriveSpace is an updated version of DoubleSpace, executed using the dblspace command. Windows began handling compression beginning in Windows XP. Echo The echo command is used to show messages, most commonly from within script or batch files. The echo command can also be used to turn the echoing feature on or off. The echo command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Edit The edit command starts the MS-DOS Editor tool which is used to create and modify text files. The edit command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The edit command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Edlin The edlin command starts the Edlin tool which is used to create and modify text files from the command line. The edlin command is available in all 32-bit versions of Windows but is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. In MS-DOS, the edlin command is only available up to MS-DOS 5.0, so unless your later version of MS-DOS was upgraded from 5.0 or prior, you won’t see the edlin command. Emm386 The emm386 command is used to give MS-DOS access to more than 640 KB of memory (RAM). The emm386 command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Windows itself has access to extended and expanded memory beginning in Windows 95. Endlocal The endlocal command is used to end the localization of environment changes inside a batch or script file. The endlocal command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Erase The erase command is used to delete one or more files. The erase command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The erase command is the same as the del command. Esentutl The esentutl command is used to manage Extensible Storage Engine databases. The esentutl command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Eventcreate The eventcreate command is used to create a custom event in an event log. The eventcreate command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Eventtriggers The eventtriggers command is used to configure and display event triggers. The eventtriggers command is available in Windows XP. Beginning in Windows Vista, event triggers are created using the Attach Task To This Event feature in Event Viewer, making the eventtriggers command unnecessary. Exe2bin The exe2bin command is used to convert a file of the EXE file type (executable file) to a binary file. The exe2bin command is available in 32-bit versions of Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The exe2bin command is not available in any 64-bit version of Windows. Exit The exit command is used to end the cmd.exe (Windows) or command.com (MS-DOS) session that you’re currently working in. The exit command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Expand The expand command is used to extract the files and folders contained in Microsoft Cabinet (CAB) files. The expand command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all versions of Windows. The expand command is not available in the 64-bit version of Windows XP. Extrac32 The extrac32 command is used to extract the files and folders contained in Microsoft Cabinet (CAB) files. The extrac32 command is available in all versions of Windows. The extrac32 command is actually a CAB extraction program for use by Internet Explorer but can be used to extract any Microsoft Cabinet file. Use the expand command instead of the extrac32 command if possible. Extract The extract command is used to extract the files and folders contained in Microsoft Cabinet (CAB) files. The extract command is available in Windows 98 and 95. The extract command was replaced by the expand command beginning in Windows XP. Fasthelp The fasthelp command provides more detailed information on any of the other MS-DOS commands. The fasthelp command is only available in MS-DOS. The help command replaced the fasthelp command beginning in Windows 95. Fastopen The fastopen command is used to add a program’s hard drive location to a special list stored in memory, potentially improving the program’s launch time by removing the need for MS-DOS to locate the application on the drive. The fastopen command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The fastopen command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Fastopen is only available in Windows 10, Windows 8, 7, Vista, and XP to support older MS-DOS files. Fc The fc command is used to compare two individual or sets of files and then show the differences between them. The fc command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Fdisk The fdisk command is used to create, manage, and delete hard drive partitions. The fdisk command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. The fdisk command was replaced by the diskpart command beginning in Windows XP. Partition management is also available from Disk Management in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP. Find The find command is used to search for a specified text string in one or more files. The find command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Findstr The findstr command is used to find text string patterns in one or more files. The findstr command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Finger The finger command is used to return information about one or more users on a remote computer that’s running the Finger service. The finger command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Fltmc The fltmc command is used to load, unload, list, and otherwise manage Filter drivers. The fltmc command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Fondue The fondue command, short for Features on Demand User Experience Tool, is used to install any of the several optional Windows features from the command line. The fondue command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. Optional Windows features can also be installed from the Programs and Features applet in Control Panel. For The for command is used to run a specified command for each file in a set of files. The for command is most often used within a batch or script file. The for command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Forcedos The forcedos command is used to start the specified program in the MS-DOS subsystem. The forcedos command is only available in 32-bit versions of Windows XP. The forcedos command is only used for MS-DOS programs that are not recognized as such by Windows XP. Forfiles The forfiles command selects one or more files to execute a specified command on. The forfiles command is most often used within a batch or script file. The forfiles command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Format The format command is used to format a drive in the file system that you specify. The format command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Drive formatting is also available from Disk Management in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP. Fsutil The fsutil command is used to perform various FAT and NTFS file system tasks like managing reparse points and sparse files, dismounting a volume, and extending a volume. The fsutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Ftp The ftp command can be used to transfer files to and from another computer. The remote computer must be operating as an FTP server. The ftp command is available in all versions of Windows. Ftype The ftype command is used to define a default program to open a specified file type. The ftype command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Getmac The getmac command is used to display the media access control (MAC) address of all the network controllers on a system. The getmac command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Goto The goto command is used in a batch or script file to direct the command process to a labeled line in the script. The goto command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Gpresult The gpresult command is used to display Group Policy settings. The gpresult command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Gpupdate The gpupdate command is used to update Group Policy settings. The gpupdate command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Graftabl The graftabl command is used to enable the ability of Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode. The graftabl command is available in all versions of Windows and in MS-DOS up to version 5.0. The graftabl command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Graphics The graphics command is used to load a program that can print graphics. The graphics command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The graphics command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Help The help command provides more detailed information on any of the other Command Prompt or MS-DOS commands. The help command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Hostname The hostname command displays the name of the current host. The hostname command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Hwrcomp The hwrcomp command is used to compile custom dictionaries for handwriting recognition. The hwrcomp command is available in Windows 8 and Windows 7. Hwrreg The hwrreg command is used to install a previously compiled custom dictionary for handwriting recognition. The hwrreg command is available in Windows 8 and Windows 7. Icacls The icacls command is used to display or change access control lists of files. The icacls command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. The icacls command is an updated version of the cacls command. If The if command is used to perform conditional functions in a batch file. The if command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Interlnk The interlnk command is used to connect two computers via a serial or parallel connection to share files and printers. The interlnk command is only available in MS-DOS. The ability to directly connect two computers is handled by the networking functions in all versions of Windows. Intersvr The intersvr command is used to start the Interlnk server and to copy Interlnk files from one computer to another. The intersvr command is only available in MS-DOS. The ability to directly connect two computers is handled by the networking functions in all versions of Windows. Ipconfig The ipconfig command is used to display detailed IP information for each network adapter utilizing TCP/IP. The ipconfig command can also be used to release and renew IP addresses on systems configured to receive them via a DHCP server. The ipconfig command is available in all versions of Windows. Ipxroute The ipxroute command is used to display and change information about IPX routing tables. The ipxroute command is available in Windows XP. Microsoft removed their built-in NetWare client beginning in Windows Vista, removing the associated ipxroute command as well. Irftp The irftp command is used to transmit files over an infrared link. The irftp command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Iscsicli The iscsicli command starts the Microsoft iSCSI Initiator, used to manage iSCSI. The iscsicli command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Kb16 The kb16 command is used to support MS-DOS files that need to configure a keyboard for a specific language. The kb16 command is available in Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The kb16 command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. The kb16 command replaced the keyb command beginning in Windows XP but only exists to support older MS-DOS files. Keyb The keyb command is used to configure a keyboard for a specific language. The keyb command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. See the kb16 command for an equivalent command in later versions of Windows. Keyboard language settings are handled by the Region and Language or Regional and Language Options (depending on the version of Windows) Control Panel applets in Windows beginning in Windows XP. Klist The klist command is used to list Kerberos service tickets. The klist command can also be used to purge Kerberos tickets. The klist command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8 and Windows 7. Ksetup The ksetup command is used to configure connections to a Kerberos server. The ksetup command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8 and Windows 7. Ktmutil The ktmutil command starts the Kernel Transaction Manager utility. The ktmutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Label The label command is used to manage the volume label of a disk. The label command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Lh The lh command is the shorthand version of the loadhigh command. The lh command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Licensingdiag The licensingdiag command is a tool used to generate a text-based log and other data files that contain product activation and other Windows licensing information. The licensingdiag command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. Loadfix The loadfix command is used to load the specified program in the first 64K of memory and then runs the program. The loadfix command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The loadfix command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Loadhigh The loadhigh command is used to load a program into high memory and is usually used from within the autoexec.bat file. The loadhigh command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Memory usage is handled automatically beginning in Windows XP. Lock The lock command is used to lock a drive, enabling direct disk access for a program. The lock command is only available in Windows 98 and 95. Drive locking is no longer available as of Windows XP. Lodctr The lodctr command is used to update registry values related to performance counters. The lodctr command is available in all versions of Windows. Logman The logman command is used to create and manage Event Trace Session and Performance logs. The logman command also supports many functions of Performance Monitor. The logman command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Logoff The logoff command is used to terminate a session. The logoff command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Lpq The lpq command displays the status of a print queue on a computer running Line Printer Daemon (LPD). The lpq command is available in all versions of Windows. The lpq command is not available by default in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, or Vista, but can be enabled by turning on the LPD Print Service and LPR Port Monitor features from Programs and Features in Control Panel. Lpr The lpr command is used to send a file to a computer running Line Printer Daemon (LPD). The lpr command is available in all versions of Windows. The lpr command is not available by default in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, or Vista, but can be enabled by turning on the LPD Print Service and LPR Port Monitor features from Programs and Features in Control Panel. Makecab The makecab command is used to losslessly compress one or more files. The makecab command is sometimes called Cabinet Maker. The makecab command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The makecab command is the same as the diantz command, a command that was removed after Windows 7. Manage-bde The manage-bde command is used to configure BitLocker Drive Encryption from the command line. The manage-bde command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. A script by the name of manage-bde.wsf exists in Windows Vista and can be used with the cscript command to perform BitLocker tasks from the command line in that operating system. Md The md command is the shorthand version of the mkdir command. The md command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Mem The mem command shows information about used and free memory areas and programs that are currently loaded into memory in the MS-DOS subsystem. The mem command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The mem command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Memmaker The memmaker command is used to start MemMaker, a memory optimization tool. The memaker command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Memory usage is automatically optimized beginning in Windows XP. Mkdir The mkdir command is used to create a new folder. The mkdir command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Mklink The mklink command is used to create a symbolic link. The mklink command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Mode The mode command is used to configure system devices, most often COM and LPT ports. The mode command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Mofcomp The mofcomp command properly displays the data within a Managed Object Format (MOF) file. The mofcomp command is available in all versions of Windows. More The more command is used to display the information contained in a text file. The more command can also be used to paginate the results of any other Command Prompt or MS-DOS command. The more command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Mount The mount command is used to mount Network File System (NFS) network shares. The mount command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The mount command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Services for NFS Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. The mount command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Mountvol The mountvol command is used to display, create, or remove volume mount points. The mountvol command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Move The move command is used to move one or files from one folder to another. The move command is also used to rename directories. The move command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Mrinfo The mrinfo command is used to provide information about a router’s interfaces and neighbors. The mrinfo command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Msav The msav command starts Microsoft Antivirus. The msav command is only available in MS-DOS. Microsoft Antivirus was designed for MS-DOS and Windows 3.x only. Microsoft provides an optional virus protection suite called Microsoft Security Essentials for Windows XP and later operating systems, and third party antivirus tools are available for all versions of Windows. Msbackup The msbackup command starts Microsoft Backup, a tool used to back up and restore one or more files. The msbackup command is only available in MS-DOS. The msbackup command was replaced with Microsoft Backup beginning in Windows 95 and then Backup and Restore in later versions of Windows. Mscdex The mscdex command is used to provide CD-ROM access to MS-DOS. The mscdex command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Windows provides access to CD-ROM drives for the MS-DOS subsystem beginning in Windows XP, so the mscdex command is unnecessary in this and later operating systems. Msd The msd command starts Microsoft Diagnostics, a system information tool. The msd command is only available in MS-DOS. The msd command was replaced with System Information beginning in Windows 95. Msg The msg command is used to send a message to a user. The msg command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Msiexec The msiexec command is used to start Windows Installer, a tool used to install and configure software. The msiexec command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Muiunattend The muiunattend command starts the Multilanguage User Interface unattended setup process. The muiunattend command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Nbtstat The nbtstat command is used to show TCP/IP information and other statistical information about a remote computer. The nbtstat command is available in all versions of Windows. Net The net command is used to display, configure, and correct a wide variety of network settings. The net command is available in all versions of Windows. Net1 The net1 command is used to display, configure, and correct a wide variety of network settings. The net1 command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The net command should be used instead of the net1 command. The net1 command was made available in Windows NT and Windows 2000 as a temporary fix for a Y2K issue that the net command had, which was corrected before the release of Windows XP. The net1 command remains in later versions of Windows only for compatibility with older programs and scripts that utilized the command. Netcfg The netcfg command is used to install the Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE), a lightweight version of Windows used to deploy workstations. The netcfg command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Netsh The netsh command is used to start Network Shell, a command-line utility used to manage the network configuration of the local, or a remote, computer. The netsh command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Netstat The netstat command is most commonly used to display all open network connections and listening ports. The netstat command is available in all versions of Windows. Nfsadmin The nfsadmin command is used to manage Server for NFS or Client for NFS from the command line. The nfsadmin command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The nfsadmin command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Services for NFS Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. The nfsadmin command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Nlsfunc The nlsfunc command is used to load information specific to a particular country or region. The nlsfunc command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The nlsfunc command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Nlsfunc is only available in Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP to support older MS-DOS files. Nltest The nltest command is used to test secure channels between Windows computers in a domain and between domain controllers that are trusting other domains. The nltest command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Nslookup The nslookup is most commonly used to display the hostname of an entered IP address. The nslookup command queries your configured DNS server to discover the IP address. The nslookup command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Ntbackup The ntbackup command is used to perform various backup functions from the Command Prompt or from within a batch or script file. The ntbackup command is available in Windows XP. The ntbackup command was replaced with the wbadmin beginning in Windows Vista. Ntsd The ntsd command is used to perform certain command line debugging tasks. The ntsd command is available in Windows XP. The ntsd command was removed beginning in Windows Vista due to the addition of dump file support in Task Manager. Ocsetup The ocsetup command starts the Windows Optional Component Setup tool, used to install additional Windows features. The ocsetup command is available in Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Beginning in Windows 8, Microsoft is depreciating the ocsetup command in favor of the dism command. Openfiles The openfiles command is used to display and disconnect open files and folders on a system. The openfiles command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Path The path command is used to display or set a specific path available to executable files. The path command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Pathping The pathping command functions much like the tracert command but will also report information about network latency and loss at each hop. The pathping command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Pause The pause command is used within a batch or script file to pause the processing of the file. When the pause command is used, a «Press any key to continue…» message displays in the command window. The pause command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Pentnt The pentnt command is used to detect floating point division errors in the Intel Pentium chip. The pentnt command is also used to enable floating point emulation and disable floating point hardware. The pentnt command is available in Windows XP. The pentnt command was removed beginning in Windows Vista due to the lack of Intel Pentium CPU use at the time of this operating system release. Ping The ping command sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request message to a specified remote computer to verify IP-level connectivity. The ping command is available in all versions of Windows. Pkgmgr The pkgmgr command is used to start the Windows Package Manager from the Command Prompt. Package Manager installs, uninstalls, configures, and updates features and packages for Windows. The pkgmgr command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Pnpunattend The pnpunattend command is used to automate the installation of hardware device drivers. The pnpunattend command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Pnputil The pnputil command is used to start the Microsoft PnP Utility, a tool used to install a Plug and Play device from the command line. The pnputil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Popd The popd command is used to change the current directory to the one most recently stored by the pushd command. The popd command is most often utilized from within a batch or script file. The popd command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Power The power command is used to reduce the power consumed by a computer by monitoring software and hardware devices. The power command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. The power command was replaced by operating system integrated power management functions beginning in Windows XP. Powercfg The powercfg command is used to manage the Windows power management settings from the command line. The powercfg command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Print The print command is used to print a specified text file to a specified printing device. The print command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Prompt The prompt command is used to customize the appearance of the prompt text in Command Prompt or MS-DOS. The prompt command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Pushd The pushd command is used to store a directory for use, most commonly from within a batch or script program. The pushd command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Pwlauncher The pwlauncher command is used to enable, disable, or show the status of your Windows To Go startup options. The pwlauncher command is available in Windows 11, 10, and 8. Qappsrv The qappsrv command is used to display all Remote Desktop Session Host servers available on the network. The qappsrv command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Qbasic The qbasic command starts QBasic, the MS-DOS based programming environment for the BASIC programming language. The qbasic command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. The qbasic command is not installed by default with Windows 98 or 95 but is available from the installation disc or disks. Qprocess The qprocess command is used to display information about running processes. The qprocess command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Query The query command is used to display the status of a specified service. The query command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Quser The quser command is used to display information about users currently logged on to the system. The quser command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Qwinsta The qwinsta command is used to display information about open Remote Desktop Sessions. The qwinsta command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Rasautou The rasautou command is used to manage Remote Access Dialer AutoDial addresses. The rasautou command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Rasdial The rasdial command is used to start or end a network connection for a Microsoft client. The rasdial command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Rcp The rcp command is used to copy files between a Windows computer and a system running the rshd daemon. The rcp command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The rcp command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel and then installing the Utilities and SDK for UNIX-based Applications available here for Windows Vista and here for Windows 7. The rcp command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Rd The rd command is the shorthand version of the rmdir command. The rd command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Rdpsign The rdpsign command is used to sign a Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) file. The rdpsign command is available in Windows 7. Reagentc The reagentc command is used to configure the Windows Recovery Environment (RE). The reagentc command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Recimg The recimg command is used to create a custom refresh image. The recimg command is available in Windows 8. Recover The recover command is used to recover readable data from a bad or defective disk. The recover command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Reg The reg command is used to manage the Windows Registry from the command line. The reg command can perform common registry functions like adding registry keys, exporting the registry, etc. The reg command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Regini The regini command is used to set or change registry permissions and registry values from the command line. The regini command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Register-cimprovider The register-cimprovider command is used to register a Common Information Model (CIM) Provider in Windows. The register-cimprovider command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. Regsvr32 The regsvr32 command is used to register a DLL file as a command component in the Windows Registry. The regsvr32 command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Relog The relog command is used to create new performance logs from data in existing performance logs. The relog command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Rem The rem command is used to record comments or remarks in a batch or script file. The rem command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Ren The ren command is the shorthand version of the rename command. The ren command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Rename The rename command is used to change the name of the individual file that you specify. The rename command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Repair-bde The repair-bde command is used to repair or decrypt a damaged drive that’s been encrypted using BitLocker. The repair-bde command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Replace The replace command is used to replace one or more files with one or more other files. The replace command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Reset The reset command, executed as reset session, is used to reset the session subsystem software and hardware to known initial values. The reset command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Restore The restore command is used to restore files that were backed up using the backup command. The restore command is only available in MS-DOS. The backup command was only available up to MS-DOS 5.00 but the restore command was included by default with later versions of MS-DOS to provide a way to restore files that were backed up in previous versions of MS-DOS. Rexec The rexec command is used to run commands on remote computers running the rexec daemon. The rexec command is available in Windows Vista and Windows XP. The rsh command is not available by default in Windows Vista but can be enabled by turning on the Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel and then installing the Utilities and SDK for UNIX-based Applications available here. The rexec command is not available in Windows 7 but can be executed in Windows XP via Windows XP Mode if need be. Rmdir The rmdir command is used to delete an existing or completely empty folder. The rmdir command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Robocopy The robocopy command is used to copy files and directories from one location to another. This command is also called Robust File Copy. The robocopy command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. The robocopy command is superior to both the copy command and the xcopy command because robocopy supports many more options. Route The route command is used to manipulate network routing tables. The route command is available in all versions of Windows. Rpcinfo The rpcinfo command makes a remote procedure call (RPC) to an RPC server and reports what it finds. The rpcinfo command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The rpcinfo command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Services for NFS Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. The rpcinfo command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Rpcping The rpcping command is used to ping a server using RPC. The rpcping command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Rsh The rsh command is used to run commands on remote computers running the rsh daemon. The rsh command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The rsh command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel and then installing the Utilities and SDK for UNIX-based Applications available here for Windows Vista and here for Windows 7. The rsh command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Rsm The rsm command is used to manage media resources using Removable Storage. The rsm command is available in Windows Vista and Windows XP. The rsm command was optional in Windows Vista and then removed in Windows 7 due to Removable Storage Manager being removed from the operating system. Search for the rsm command in the C:Windowswinsxs folder in Windows Vista if you’re having trouble executing the command. Runas The runas command is used to execute a program using another user’s credentials. The runas command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Rwinsta The rwinsta command is the shorthand version of the reset session command. The rwinsta command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Sc The sc command is used to configure information about services. The sc command communicates with the Service Control Manager. The sc command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Scandisk The scandisk command is used to start Microsoft ScanDisk, a disk repair program. The scandisk command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. The scandisk command was replaced by the chkdsk command beginning in Windows XP. Scanreg The scanreg command starts Windows Registry Checker, a basic registry repair program and backup utility. The scanreg command is available in Windows 98 and Windows 95. The functions provided by the scanreg command were no longer necessary beginning in Windows XP due to changes in how the Windows Registry functions. Schtasks The schtasks command is used to schedule specified programs or commands to run at certain times. The schtasks command can be used to create, delete, query, change, run, and end scheduled tasks. The schtasks command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.​ Sdbinst The sdbinst command is used to deploy customized SDB database files. The sdbinst command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Secedit The secedit command is used to configure and analyze system security by comparing the current security configuration to a template. The secedit command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Set The set command is used to display, enable, or disable environment variables in MS-DOS or from the Command Prompt. The set command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Setlocal The setlocal command is used to start the localization of environment changes inside a batch or script file. The setlocal command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Setspn The setspn command is used to manage the Service Principal Names (SPN) for an Active Directory (AD) service account. The setspn command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Setver The setver command is used to set the MS-DOS version number that MS-DOS reports to a program. The setver command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The setver command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Setx The setx command is used to create or change environment variables in the user environment or the system environment. The setx command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Sfc The sfc command is used to verify and replace important Windows system files. The sfc command is also referred to as System File Checker or Windows Resource Checker, depending on the operating system. The sfc command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Shadow The shadow command is used to monitor another Remote Desktop Services session. The shadow command is available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Share The share command is used to install file locking and file sharing functions in MS-DOS. The share command is available in MS-DOS as well as in all 32-bit versions of Windows. The share command is not available in 64-bit versions of Windows. Share is only available in Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP to support older MS-DOS files. Shift The shift command is used to change the position of replaceable parameters in a batch or script file. The shift command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Showmount The showmount command is used to display information about NFS mounted file systems. The showmount command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The showmount command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Services for NFS Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. The showmount command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Shutdown The shutdown command can be used to shut down, restart, or log off the current system or a remote computer. The shutdown command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Smartdrv The smartdrv command installs and configures SMARTDrive, a disk caching utility for MS-DOS. The smartdrv command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. Caching is automatic beginning in Windows XP, making the smartdrv command unnecessary. Sort The sort command is used to read data from a specified input, sort that data, and return the results of that sort to the Command Prompt screen, a file, or another output device. The sort command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Start The start command is used to open a new command line window to run a specified program or command. The start command can also be used to start an application without creating a new window. The start command is available in all versions of Windows. Subst The subst command is used to associate a local path with a drive letter. The subst command is a lot like the net use command except a local path is used instead of a shared network path. The subst command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. The subst command replaced the assign command beginning with MS-DOS 6.0. Sxstrace The sxstrace command is used to start the WinSxs Tracing Utility, a programming diagnostic tool. The sxstrace command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Sys The sys command is used to copy the MS-DOS system files and command interpreter to a disk. The sys command is available in Windows 98 and 95, as well as in MS-DOS. The sys command is used most often to create a simple bootable disk or hard drive. The necessary system files for Windows are too large to fit on a disk, so the sys command was removed beginning in Windows XP. Systeminfo The systeminfo command is used to display basic Windows configuration information for the local or a remote computer. The systeminfo command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Takeown The takedown command is used to regain access to a file that that an administrator was denied access to when reassigning ownership of the file. The takeown command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Taskkill The taskkill command is used to terminate a running task. The taskkill command is the command line equivalent of ending a process in Task Manager in Windows. The taskkill command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tasklist Displays a list of applications, services, and the Process ID (PID) currently running on either a local or a remote computer. The tasklist command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tcmsetup The tcmsetup command is used to set up or disable the Telephony Application Programming Interface (TAPI) client. The tcmsetup command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Telnet The telnet command is used to communicate with remote computers that use the Telnet protocol. The telnet command is available in all versions of Windows. The telnet command is not available by default in Windows 11, 10, 8, 7, or Vista, but can be enabled by turning on the Telnet Client Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. Tftp The tftp command is used to transfer files to and from a remote computer that’s running the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) service or daemon. The tftp command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The tftp command is not available by default in some versions of Windows, but can be enabled by turning on the TFTP Client Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. Time The time command is used to show or change the current time. The time command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Timeout The timeout command is typically used in a batch or script file to provide a specified timeout value during a procedure. The timeout command can also be used to ignore keypresses. The timeout command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Title The title command is used to set the Command Prompt window title. The title command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tlntadmn The tlntadmn command is used to administer a local or remote computer running Telnet Server. The tlntadmn command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. The tlntadmn command is not available by default in some versions of Windows, but can be enabled by turning on the Telnet Server Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. Tpmvscmgr The tpmvscmgr command is used to create and destroy TPM virtual smart cards. The tpmvscmgr command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, and Windows 8. Tracerpt The tracerpt command is used to process event trace logs or real-time data from instrumented event trace providers. The tracerpt command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tracert The tracert command sends Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages to a specified remote computer with increasing Time to Live (TTL) field values and displays the IP address and hostname, if available, of the router interfaces between the source and destination. The tracert command is available in all versions of Windows. Tree The tree command is used to graphically display the folder structure of a specified drive or path. The tree command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Tscon The tscon command is used to attach a user session to a Remote Desktop session. The tscon command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tsdiscon The tsdiscon command is used to disconnect a Remote Desktop session. The tsdiscon command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tskill The tskill command is used to end the specified process. The tskill command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tsshutdn The tsshutdn command is used to remotely shut down or restart a terminal server. The tsshutdn command is available in Windows XP. The ability to shut down a computer remotely is also available in the more powerful shutdown command, so tsshutdn was removed beginning in Windows Vista. Type The type command is used to display the information contained in a text file. The type command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Typeperf The typerperf command displays performance data in the Command Prompt window or writes the data to specified log file. The typeperf command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Tzutil The tzutil command is used to display or configure the current system’s time zone. The tzutil command can also be used to enable or disable Daylight Saving Time adjustments. The tzutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Umount The umount command is used to remove Network File System (NFS) mounted network shares. The umount command is available in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. The umount command is not available by default in Windows Vista or Windows 7 but can be enabled by turning on the Services for NFS Windows feature from Programs and Features in Control Panel. The umount command is not available in Windows 11, 10, or 8 because Service for UNIX (SFU) was discontinued. Undelete The undelete command is used to undo a deletion performed with the MS-DOS delete command. The undelete command is only available in MS-DOS. The undelete command was removed beginning in Windows 95 due to the availability of the Recycle Bin in Windows. Additionally, free file recovery programs are available from third-party software makers. Unformat The unformat command is used to undo the formatting on a drive performed by the MS-DOS format command. The unformat command is only available in MS-DOS. The unformat command was removed beginning in Windows 95 due to file system changes. Unlock The unlock command is used to unlock a drive, disabling direct disk access for a program. The unlock command is only available in Windows 98 and 95. Drive locking is no longer available as of Windows XP. Unlodctr The unlodctr command removes Explain text and Performance counter names for a service or device driver from the Windows Registry. The unlodctr command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Vaultcmd The vaultcmd command is used to create, remove, and show stored credentials. The vaultcmd command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7. Ver The ver command is used to display the current Windows or MS-DOS version number. The ver command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Verify The verify command is used to enable or disable the ability of Command Prompt, or MS-DOS, to verify that files are written correctly to a disk. The verify command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Vol The vol command shows the volume label and serial number of a specified disk, assuming this information exists. The vol command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. Vsafe The vsafe command is used to start VSafe, a basic virus protection system for MS-DOS. The vsafe command is only available in MS-DOS. VSafe was designed for MS-DOS and Windows 3.x only. Microsoft provides an optional virus protection suite called Microsoft Security Essentials for Windows XP and later operating systems, and third-party antivirus tools are available for all versions of Windows. Vssadmin The vssadmin command starts the Volume Shadow Copy Service administrative command line tool which displays current volume shadow copy backups and all installed shadow copy writers and providers. The vssadmin command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. W32tm The w32tm command is used to diagnose issues with Windows Time. The w32tm command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Waitfor The waitfor command is used to send or wait for a signal on a system. The waitfor command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Wbadmin The wbadmin command is used to start and stop backup jobs, display details about a previous backup, list the items within a backup, and report on the status of a currently running backup. The wbadmin command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. The wbadmin command replaced the ntbackup command beginning in Windows Vista. Wecutil The wecutil command is used to manage subscriptions to events that are forwarded from WS-Management supported computers. The wecutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Wevtutil The wevtutil command starts the Windows Events Command Line Utility which is used to manage event logs and publishers. The wevtutil command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Where The where command is used to search for files that match a specified pattern. The where command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Whoami The whoami command is used to retrieve user name and group information on a network. The whoami command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Winmgmt The winmgmt command starts the command line version of WMI, a scripting tool in Windows. The winmgmt command is available in all versions of Windows. Winrm The winrm command is used to start the command line version of Windows Remote Management, used to manage secure communications with local and remote computers using web services. The winrm command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Winrs The winrs command is used to open a secure command window with a remote host. The winrs command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Winsat The winsat command starts the Windows System Assessment Tool, a program that assesses various features, attributes, and capabilities of a computer running Windows. The winsat command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Wmic The wmic command starts the Windows Management Instrumentation Command line (WMIC), a scripting interface that simplifies the use of Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) and systems managed via WMI. The wmic command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. Wsmanhttpconfig The wsmanhttpconfig command is used to manage aspects of the Windows Remote Management (WinRM) service. The wsmanhttpconfig command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, and Windows Vista. Xcopy The xcopy command can copy one or more files or directory trees from one location to another. The xcopy command is generally considered a more «powerful» version of the copy command through the robocopy command trumps even xcopy. The xcopy command is available in all versions of Windows, as well as in MS-DOS. A command by the name of xcopy32 existed in Windows 95 and Windows 98. To avoid a long and confusing explanation here, just know that no matter if you executed the xcopy command or the xcopy32 command, you were always executing the most updated version of the command. Xwizard The xwizard command, short for Extensible Wizard, is used to register data in Windows, often from a preconfigured XML file. The xwizard command is available in Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7.

Ещё совсем недавно, в эпоху первых персональных компьютеров на базе архитектуры IBM PC, громоздких ЭЛТ-мониторов и шумных дисководов, интерпретатор командной строки был ключевой составляющей едва ли не всех программных платформ того времени. С развитием графических сред востребованность этого инструмента среди рядовых пользователей практически сошла на нет, а сама консоль осталась уделом лишь администраторов вычислительных систем да IT-гиков, не понаслышке знающих обо всех её преимуществах. Мы сочли такое положение дел несправедливым и из почти трёхсот поддерживаемых CMD-интерпретатором Windows команд выбрали двадцать тех, что могут пригодиться всем пользователям ПК.

⇡#Диагностика компьютера

Systeminfo. Позволяет получить подробную информацию о конфигурации компьютера и установленной на нём операционной системе, включая сведения об изготовителе ПК, процессоре, объёме оперативной памяти, сетевом адаптере, версии BIOS/UEFI, поддержке технологий виртуализации, дате инсталляции ОС и прочие данные.

Mdsched. Системный инструмент Memory Diagnostic Tool, позволяющий проверить оперативную память компьютера на наличие ошибок и сбоев в работе. Пригодится при поиске технических неисправностей ПК и причин возникновения критических ошибок Windows, сопровождающихся «синими экранами смерти» (Blue Screen of Death, BSoD).

Powercfg. Команда, благодаря которой можно из консоли просматривать и конфигурировать настройки управления питанием компьютера и не только. Например, ввод данной инструкции с ключом /energy выдаст отчёт об эффективности энергопотребления ПК и имеющихся проблемах с энергосбережением, с параметром /batteryreport — сведения об использовании батареи ноутбука и оставшейся ёмкости аккумулятора, а с опцией /requests — отобразит на экране приложения, системные процессы и драйверы, удерживающие ОС от перехода в сон или режим гибернации. Отличный инструмент для поиска и решения различных проблем с энергосбережением мобильного устройства.

Verifier. Диагностическое средство Driver Verifier, с помощью которого можно выявить конфликты в работе драйверов, а также получить сведения о неподписанных и требующих дополнительной проверки драйверах. Пригодится для поиска проблемных драйверов, которые часто служат причиной нестабильной работы Windows.

Msconfig. Системная утилита Microsoft System Configuration Utility, управляющая автозапуском приложений, загрузкой служб и исполняемых файлов Windows, а также различными настройками операционной системы. Позволяет запустить ОС в режиме диагностики с базовым набором драйверов и служб.

⇡#Восстановление системных файлов и данных

Sfc. Инструмент System File Checker для проверки целостности системных модулей, библиотек и ключевых компонентов Windows, а также их восстановления в случае обнаружения проблемных файлов.

Wbadmin. Позволяет выполнять резервное копирование и восстановление операционной системы, томов, файлов, папок и приложений из командной строки. Для создания резервных копий следует ввести в консоли wbadmin start backup, для запуска процедуры восстановления данных — wbadmin start recovery. Проще не бывает.

Recover. Восстанавливает данные с повреждённых носителей. Утилита выполняет посекторное копирование указанных файлов и извлекает сохранившиеся данные. При этом «битые» секторы игнорируются. Метод элементарный и при наличии незначительного числа сбойных секторов на диске вполне эффективный, особенно по части восстановления файлов с простой внутренней структурой (например, текстовых документов).

⇡#Работа с дисками

Fsutil. Консольный инструмент для просмотра сведений об используемых на диске ПК файловых системах, быстрой оценки занятого пространства на накопителе и выявления проблемных мест, создания жёстких ссылок на файлы, управления дисковыми квотами и решения прочих задач. К примеру, команда fsutil fsinfo volumeinfo c: отображает сведения о системном диске и задействованных томах, а fsutil volume allocationreport c: позволяет узнать, сколько места занимают служебные файлы и метаданные файловой системы NTFS, теневые копии (точки восстановления) Windows, сжатые, зашифрованные и разреженные файлы.

Chkdsk. Позволяет проводить диагностику файловой системы и устранять обнаруженные ошибки. Пригодится для восстановления работы компьютера после сбоев и внезапных перезагрузок, поиска повреждённых секторов, устранения проблем со структурой файловых систем FAT, FAT32 и NTFS.

Defrag. Утилита для дефрагментации жёстких дисков. Программа упорядочивает и объединяет фрагментированные данные, тем самым повышая эффективность работы HDD (для твердотельных накопителей SSD проблема фрагментации файлов неактуальна). Defrag позволяет оптимизировать как все данные на диске, так и только загрузочные файлы. Поддерживается работа с отдельными разделами, разным системным приоритетом и в фоновом режиме. Перед началом использования приложения рекомендуется провести оценку необходимости дефрагментации того или иного диска. Делается это с помощью ключа /a, запускающего анализ указанного тома.

Certutil. Программа командной строки, которая позволяет управлять службами сертификации Windows и не только. Рядовому пользователю certutil может пригодиться в качестве инструмента для кодирования и декодирования файлов с использованием стандарта Base64 (параметры /encode и /decode), расшифровки кодов ошибок Windows (ключ /error) и вычисления хешей (контрольных сумм) файлов (опция /hashfile). Последняя функция может быть использована для проверки целостности и подлинности файлов, например ISO-образов операционных систем или дистрибутивов программ.

Cipher. Предназначена для управления шифрованием данных на уровне файловой системы NTFS и защиты конфиденциальной информации от несанкционированного доступа. Интересная особенностью утилиты — активируемая ключом /w функция затирания следов удалённых файлов с целью исключения их последующего восстановления средствами специализированного ПО. Такая возможность может пригодиться, к примеру, для предпродажной подготовки ПК и гарантированной вычистки хранившихся на нём данных.

⇡#Управление системными процессами

Tasklist и taskkill. Команды для управления запущенными в системе процессами. Первая отображает список выполняющихся в данный момент приложений и служб, вторая — позволяет завершать их выполнение и нередко используется IT-специалистами при написании скриптов для автоматизации административных задач. Что касается домашних пользователей, то для них знание упомянутых инструкций тоже не будет лишним. Например, на случай непредвиденных сбоев графического интерфейса Windows, когда доступной остаётся только консоль. В таких ситуациях tasklist и taskkill помогут выгрузить из памяти ПК проблемные процессы.

Shutdown. Команда, позволяющая принудительно завершить все процессы для последующей перезагрузки ОС либо выключения компьютера. Поддерживает отложенное выключение/перезагрузку по таймеру, перевод ПК в режим гибернации и прочие функции, для ознакомления с полным списком которых следует использовать параметр /?.

⇡#Работа с сетью

Ping. Утилита для диагностики сетевого соединения с тем или иным сервером. Программа отправляет запросы указанному узлу сети, фиксирует поступающие ответы, временные задержки по маршруту и частоту потери пакетов. Руководствуясь данными сведениями, можно оценить загруженность канала передачи данных и качество связи с интернет-ресурсом. Также команда ping может использоваться для определения IP-адреса сайта по его доменному имени и мониторинга состояния удалённых хостов.

Tracert. Консольное приложение для трассировки маршрута до заданного сервера в интернете. Программа выполняет отправку тестового пакета указанному узлу сети и отображает информацию обо всех промежуточных маршрутизаторах, через которые прошёл пакет на пути к запрошенному ресурсу, а также время отклика каждого из них. Это позволяет оценить, насколько «длинный» путь прошёл пакет и на каком участке возникают наибольшие задержки, связанные с передачей данных. Tracert помогает определить проблемные участки сети и установить места потери или задержки пакетов.

Ipconfig. Выводит сведения о конфигурации используемых Windows сетевых адаптерах (в том числе виртуальных). Позволяет узнавать текущий IP-адрес компьютера, просматривать идентификаторы MAC сетевых устройств, а также очищать DNS-кеш. Последняя функция может быть полезна при некорректной работе службы доменных имён Windows и сбоях при доступе к веб-ресурсам.

Netstat. Служит для получения сведений обо всех активных сетевых соединениях, просмотра таблиц IP-маршрутизации и статистики по протоколам. С помощью команды netstat можно получить представление о том, какой установленный на компьютере софт проявляет излишнюю сетевую активность, какой порт использует определенный системный процесс, а также просмотреть расширенную информацию о сетевых интерфейсах.

⇡#Удаление вредоносного ПО

Mrt. Утилита Malicious Removal Tool для сканирования компьютера на предмет наличия наиболее распространённого зловредного ПО. Находит и удаляет угрозы, а также отменяет внесённые ими изменения. На выбор доступны три варианта проверки — быстрая, полная и выборочная. Поддерживается работа в фоновом режиме. Malicious Removal Tool регулярно обновляется через Windows Update и может использоваться в качестве дополнения к установленным в системе защитным решениям.

⇡#Заключение

Как ни крути, даже в современных реалиях перечисленные консольные утилиты — неплохое подспорье для повседневной работы за компьютером. И пусть многим из них уже не один десяток лет, они до сих пор не теряют своей актуальности и могут сослужить добрую службу всем пользователям Windows — даже тем, кто редко выходит за рамки графического интерфейса операционной системы. Готовы поспорить с данным утверждением или дополнить обзор ценными замечаниями? Оставляйте свои отзывы в комментариях ниже — мы вас слушаем очень внимательно.