Какие версии ос windows вы знаете ответ

Обновлено: 10.01.2023
Опубликовано: 2016 год или раньше

Данная статья представляет краткий обзор всех версий операционной системы Windows.

Версия Вашей системы: Windows 7

Версии для настольных компьютеров

Логотип	Версия	Год	Статус
	Windows 1	1985	Не поддерживается Не используется
	Windows 2	1987
	Windows 3	1990
	Windows NT 3.1	1993
	Windows NT 3.5 Workstation	1994
	Windows NT 3.51	1995
	Windows 95	1995
	Windows NT 4.0	1996
	Windows 98	1998
	Windows Millenium	2000
	Windows 2000 (NT 5.0)	2000
	Windows XP (NT 5.1)	2001	Не поддерживается Встречается редко
	Windows Vista (NT 6.0)	2006	Не поддерживается Почти, не используется
	Windows 7 (NT 6.1)	2009	Не поддерживается Пока используется
	Windows 8 (NT 6.2)	2012	Не поддерживается Почти, не используется
	Windows 8.1 (NT 6.3)	2013	Поддерживается Почти, не используется
	Windows 10 (NT 10)	2015	Поддерживается Активно используется
	Windows 11 (NT 10)	2021	Поддерживается Начинает применяться

Серверные Windows

Логотип	Версия	Год	Статус
	Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server	1993	Не поддерживается Как правило, не используется
	Windows NT 3.5 Server	1994
	Windows NT 3.51 Server	1995
	Windows NT 4.0 Server	1996
	Windows 2000 Server	2000
	Windows Server 2003	2003
	Windows Server 2003 R2	2005
	Windows Server 2008	2008
	Windows Server 2008 R2	2009	Не поддерживается Пока еще используется
	Windows Server 2012	2012	Поддерживается Активно используется
	Windows Server 2012 R2	2013
	Windows Server 2016	2016
	Windows Server 2019	2018
	Windows Server 2022	2021	Начало использования

Все версии Windows по линейкам + хронология

Линейка	Годы	Перечисление версий
16 бит	1985 — 1995	Windows 1 / 2 / 3
32 бита (9x)	1995 — 2001	Windows 95 / 98 / ME
NT (32 и 64 бита)	с 1993	Windows NT 3.1 / NT 3.5 / NT 3.51 / NT 4.0 Workstation / 2000 / XP / Vista / 7 / 8 / 8.1 / 10
NT Servers (32 и 64 бита)	с 1993	Windows NT 3.1 / NT 3.5 / NT 3.51 / NT 4.0 Server / 2000 Server / 2003 / 2003 R2 / 2008 / 2008 R2 / 2012 / 2012 R2 / 2016 / 2019 / 2022

История успеха

Данная история успеха отражает частоту использования системы; количество глюков, с которыми столкнулись пользователи; отзывы.

	Windows 1	Неудача
	Windows 2	Нейтрально
	Windows 3	Успех
	Windows 95	Неудача
	Windows 98	Успех
	Windows Millenium	Провал
	Windows 2000	Нейтрально
	Windows XP	Большой успех
	Windows Vista	Провал
	Windows 7	Успех
	Windows 8	Провал
	Windows 8.1	Неудача
	Windows 10	Успех
	Windows 11	Нейтрально

* несмотря на провал некоторых версий операционной системы, они несли новые функции, которые перешли в уже успешные версии. Например, в миллениум появились красивые иконки и окна, которые перешли в Windows 2000. Поэтому провал не стоит оценивать, как неудачную работу.

Windows 1

Годы поддержки: 1985 — 2001. Ветка: 16 бит.

Издания: —

Что нового

До Windows 1 был MS-DOS, поэтому самое главное новшество — графический интерфейс и возможность управления при помощи мыши.

Системные требования

Процессор	8088
Оперативная память	256 Кбайт
Объем жесткого диска	3 Мб

Windows 2

Годы поддержки: 1989 — 2001. Ветка: 16 бит.

Издания: —

Что нового

• Возможность использования сочетания клавиш.
• Появились перекрывающиеся окна.
• Возможность увеличить и уменьшить окно.

Системные требования

Процессор	8088
Оперативная память	256 Кбайт
Объем жесткого диска	3 Мб

Windows 3

Годы поддержки: 1990 — 2008. Ветка: 16 бит.

Издания: —

Что нового

• Первый (от Microsoft) удобный для пользователя интерфейс.
• Появление диспетчера программ.
• Появление мультимедийных возможностей.
• Поддержка сети (с 3.1).

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	8086/8088	80486DX 33 МГц
Оперативная память	640 Кбайт	4 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	6,5 Мб	60 Мб

Windows NT 3.1

Годы поддержки: 1993 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Что нового

• Первая система на базе ядра NT.
• Поддержка файловой системы NTFS.

Системные требования

Процессор	Intel 80386
Оперативная память	2 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	8 Мб

Windows NT 3.5 Workstation

Годы поддержки: 1994 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Что нового

• Встроенная поддержка Winsock и TCP/IP.
• Появление сервера и клиента DHCP и WINS.
• Предоставление общего доступа к файлам и принтерам.
• Поддержка VFAT.

Системные требования

Процессор	33 МГц
Оперативная память	12 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	70 Мб

Windows NT 3.51 Workstation

Годы поддержки: 1995 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Системные требования

Процессор	33 МГц
Оперативная память	12 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	70 Мб

Windows 95

Годы поддержки: 1995 — 2001. Ветка: 9x (32 бита).

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	80386 DX	Pentium
Оперативная память	4 Мб	8 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	50 Мб	100 Мб

Windows NT 4.0 Workstation

Годы поддержки: 1996 — 2004. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	486/25	486DX2/50
Оперативная память	12 Мб	24 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	128 Мб	1 Гб

Windows 98

Годы поддержки: 1998 — 2006. Ветка: 9x (32 бита).

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	486DX 66 МГц	Pentium
Оперативная память	16 Мб	24 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	200 Мб	500 Мб

Windows Millenium

Годы поддержки: 2000 — 2006. Ветка: 9x (32 бита).

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	150 МГц	300 МГц
Оперативная память	32 Мб	128 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	200 Мб	500 Мб

Windows 2000

Годы поддержки: 2000 — 2010. Ветка: NT.

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	133 МГц	1 ГГц
Оперативная память	32 Мб	128 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	2 Гб	20 Гб

Windows XP

Годы поддержки: 2000 — 2010. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Редакции: XP, XP Professional

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	233 МГц	300 МГц
Оперативная память	64 Мб	128 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	1,5 Гб	от 1,5 Гб

Windows Vista

Годы поддержки: 2006 — 2017. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Начальная (Starter), Домашняя базовая (Basic), Домашняя расширенная (Premium), Бизнес (Business), Корпоративная (Enterprise), Максимальная (Ultimate)

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	800 МГц	1 ГГц
Оперативная память	512 Мб	1 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	20 Гб	40 Гб

Windows 7

Годы поддержки: 2009 — 2020. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Начальная (Starter), Домашняя базовая (Home Basic), Домашняя расширенная (Home Premium), Профессиональная (Professional), Корпоративная (Enterprise), Максимальная (Ultimate)

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Архитектура	32-бит	64-бит	32-бит	64-бит
Процессор	1 ГГц
Оперативная память	1 Гб	2 Гб	4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	16 Гб	20 Гб	16 Гб	20 Гб

Windows 8

Годы поддержки: 2012 — 2016. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: 8, 8 Профессиональная (Pro), 8 Корпоративная (Enterprise)

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Архитектура	32-бит	64-бит	32-бит	64-бит
Процессор	1 ГГц
Оперативная память	1 Гб	2 Гб	4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	16 Гб	20 Гб	16 Гб	20 Гб

Windows 8.1

Годы поддержки: 2013 — 2023. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: 8, 8 Профессиональная (Pro), 8 Корпоративная (Enterprise)

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Архитектура	32-бит	64-бит	32-бит	64-бит
Процессор	1 ГГц
Оперативная память	1 Гб	2 Гб	4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	16 Гб	20 Гб	16 Гб	20 Гб

Windows 10

Годы поддержки: 2015 — 2025. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания

• Домашняя (Home). Для большинства домашних компьютеров. Нет возможности настроить удаленный рабочий стол для того, чтобы к систему можно было подключиться удаленно; нет возможности использования групповых политик и присоединения к домену.
• Профессиональная (Pro). Содержит все функции домашней версии + возможность присоединения к домену, использования групповых политик, возможность подключения к компьютеру с использованием удаленного рабочего стола.
• Корпоративная (Enterprise). Урезаны некоторые функции домашней версии. Есть все дополнительные функции версии Pro + DirectAccess, AppLocker.
• S. Является урезанной версией; предустановлена на некоторые устройства. Не поддерживает стандартную установку приложений — возможна установка только из магазина Windows.

Что нового

Windows 10 претерпевает сильные изменения с выходом новых билдов. Поэтому нововведения будем рассматривать исходя из этого.

Билд 1507 (ноябрь 2015):

• Улучшенная производительность.
• Новый встроенный браузер Microsoft Edge.
• Автоматическое сжимание соседнего окна, при прижимании активного окна в одной из сторон рабочего стола.
• «Все приложения» в «Пуск» поддерживают отображение в 2048 элементов (раньше только 512).
• Принудительная установка обновлений.
• Использование виртуального голосового помощника Кортана.
• Обновленный меню пуск — представляет из себя гибрид предыдущих версий и Windows 8 (вернулся старый вариант раскрытия, а в правой части появились плитки).
• Возможность создания нескольких рабочих столов.
• Отказ от плиточной системы Windows 8.

1607 (август 2016):

• Возможность рукописного ввода (Windows Ink).
• Идентификация с помощью веб-камеры.
• Синхронизация с мобильного устройства уведомлений.
• Изменение меню параметров системы.

1703 (апрель 2017):

• Встроенная поддержка шлемов виртуальной реальности.
• Игровой режим
• По умолчанию предлагается командная строка в Powershell.
• Доступ к классической панели управления скрыт из контекстного меню. Теперь его можно вызвать командой control.
• Улучшение работы встроенного антивируса.
• Идентификация с помощью веб-камеры для Active Directory.
• Возможность создавать скриншот с выделением области с помощью сочетания клавиш Win + Shaft + S.
• Поддержка шрифта Брайля.
• Увеличенное время работы от батареи.

1709 (октябрь 2017):

• Возможность работы Cortana на одном устройстве и окончание работы на другом.
• Отключение протокола SMBv1. Включить можно вручную.
• Появление панели «Люди».
• Информация о GPU в диспетчере задач.
• Полноэкранный режим Microsoft Edge
• Увеличенное время работы от батареи (функция Power Throttling).
• Появление панели эмодзи.
• Выборочная синхронизация OneDrive.
• Исправление проблемы торможения в играх.

1803 (апрель 2018):

• Возможность восстановить пароль с помощью контрольных вопросов.

1809 (октябрь 2018):

• Темная тема для проводника.
• Возможность получения доступа к сообщениям с телефона (функция «Ваш телефон»).

1903 (май 2019):

• Изолированный рабочий стол для безопасного запуска приложений.

1909 (ноябрь 2019):

• Универсальный поиск в Проводнике.
• Улучшение производительности.

2004 (май 2020):

• Функция «Загрузка из облака» для переустановки Windows 10.
• Регулирование пропускной способности для обновлений Windows.
• Отображение температуры видеоядра в Диспетчере задач.
• Возможность удаления Блокнот, Paint, WordPad.
• Возможность использование Windows без пароля.

* данный список содержит часть нововведений. Полный список на странице в Википедии.

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Архитектура	32-бит	64-бит	32-бит	64-бит
Процессор	1 ГГц
Оперативная память	1 Гб	2 Гб	4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	16 Гб	20 Гб	16 Гб	20 Гб

Windows 11 (последняя для настольных компьютеров)

Годы поддержки: 2021 — 2031. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: только 64 бита.

Основные издания: Домашняя (Home), Профессиональная (Pro), 8 Корпоративная (Enterprise).

Дополнительные издания: для обучения (Education), для облаков (Cloud).

Системные требования

Процессор	2 ядра, 1 ГГц
Оперативная память	4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	64 Гб
БИОС (прошивка)	UEFI
Видеоадаптер	Совместимый с DirectX 12 / WDDM 2.x
Интернет	Для Home необходим вход под учетной записью Microsoft.

Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server

Годы поддержки: 1993 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Системные требования

Процессор	Intel 80386
Оперативная память	2 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	8 Мб

Windows NT 3.5 Server

Годы поддержки: 1994 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Что нового

• Встроенная поддержка Winsock и TCP/IP.
• Появление сервера DHCP и WINS.
• Предоставление общего доступа к файлам и принтерам.
• Поддержка VFAT.

Системные требования

Процессор	33 МГц
Оперативная память	16 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	70 Мб

Windows NT 3.51 Server

Годы поддержки: 1995 — 2001. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 16, 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: —

Системные требования

Процессор	33 МГц
Оперативная память	16 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	70 Мб

Windows NT 4.0 Server

Годы поддержки: 1996 — 2004. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Server, Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	486/25	486DX2/50
Оперативная память	16 Мб	24 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	128 Мб	1 Гб

Windows 2000 Server

Годы поддержки: 2000 — 2010. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Server, Advanced Server и Datacenter Server

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	133 МГц	1 ГГц
Оперативная память	32 Мб	128 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	2 Гб	20 Гб

Windows Server 2003

Годы поддержки: 2003 — 2015. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Web, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter

Системные требования

Web, Standard, Enterprise:

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	133 МГц	550 МГц
Оперативная память	128 Мб	256 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	1,5 Гб	2 Гб

Datacenter Edition:

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	400 МГц	733 МГц
Оперативная память	512 Мб	1 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	1,5 Гб	2 Гб

Windows Server 2003 R2

Годы поддержки: 2005 — 2015. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter

Системные требования

Standard, Enterprise:

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	133 МГц	550 МГц
Оперативная память	128 Мб	256 Мб
Объем жесткого диска	1,2 Гб	2 Гб

Datacenter Edition:

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	400 МГц	733 МГц
Оперативная память	512 Мб	1 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	1,2 Гб	2 Гб

Windows Server 2008

Годы поддержки: 2008 — 2020. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 32 и 64 бита.

Издания: Web, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, HPC, Storage, Itanium

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Архитектура	32-бит	64-бит	32-бит	64-бит
Процессор	1 ГГц	1.4 ГГц	2 ГГц
Оперативная память	512 Мб	2 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	10 Гб	40 Гб

Windows Server 2008 R2

Годы поддержки: 2009 — 2020. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Foundation, Small Business, Web, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, HPC, Itanium

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	1.4 ГГц	2 ГГц
Оперативная память	512 Мб	2 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	10 Гб	40 Гб

Windows Server 2012

Годы поддержки: 2012 — 2023. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	1.4 ГГц	2 ГГц
Оперативная память	2 Гб	4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	32 Гб	60 Гб

Windows Server 2012 R2

Годы поддержки: 2013 — 2023. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	1.4 ГГц	2 ГГц
Оперативная память	2 Гб	4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	32 Гб	60 Гб

Windows Server 2016

Годы поддержки: 2016 — 2026. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Essentials, Standard, Datacenter

Что нового

• Лицензирование на физические ядра процессора (минимум 16).
• Новый режим установки — Nano.
• Появление контейнерной виртуализации.
• OpenGL и OpenCL для RDP.
• Шифрование виртуальных машин и внутреннего сетевого трафика.
• Блочная репликация файловых хранилищ.

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	1.4 ГГц	3.1 ГГц
Оперативная память	2 Гб	4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	32 Гб	60 Гб

Более подробно в обзоре Windows Server 2016.

Windows Server 2019

Годы поддержки: 2018 — 2029. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Standard, Datacenter

Что нового

• Улучшенная безопасность — встроенные технологии Defender ATP и Defender Exploit Guard.
• Windows Subsystem Linux (WSL) — контейнеры для поддержки приложений Linux.
• Для построения кластера с четным количеством узлов в качестве диска-свидетеля может выступать USB-диск.

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	1.4 ГГц	3.1 ГГц
Оперативная память	512 Мб (Nano) 2 Гб (GUI)	4 Гб
Объем жесткого диска	32 Гб	60 Гб

Windows Server 2022 (последняя для серверов)

Годы поддержки: 2021 — 2031. Ветка: NT. Разрядность: 64 бита.

Издания: Standard, Datacenter

Что нового

• Улучшенная безопасность.
• Больше возможностей для работы с облаками, особенно, Microsoft Azure.

Системные требования

	Минимальные	Рекомендуемые
Процессор	1.4 ГГц	3.1 ГГц
Оперативная память	512 Мб (Nano) 2 Гб (GUI) Поддержка ECC	4 Гб Поддержка ECC
Объем жесткого диска	32 Гб	60 Гб
Сетевой адаптер	1 гигабит в секунду

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Microsoft Windows is a computer operating system developed by Microsoft. It was first launched in 1985 as a graphical operating system built on MS-DOS. The initial version was followed by several subsequent releases, and by the early 1990s, the Windows line had split into two separate lines of releases: Windows 9x for consumers and Windows NT for businesses and enterprises. In the following years, several further variants of Windows would be released: Windows CE in 1996 for embedded systems; Pocket PC in 2000 (renamed to Windows Mobile in 2003 and Windows Phone in 2010) for personal digital assistants and, later, smartphones; Windows Holographic in 2016 for AR/VR headsets; and several other editions.

Personal computer versions[edit]

A «personal computer» version of Windows is considered to be a version that end-users or OEMs can install on personal computers, including desktop computers, laptops, and workstations.

The first five versions of Windows–Windows 1.0, Windows 2.0, Windows 2.1, Windows 3.0, and Windows 3.1–were all based on MS-DOS, and were aimed at both consumers and businesses. However, Windows 3.1 had two separate successors, splitting the Windows line in two: the consumer-focused «Windows 9x» line, consisting of Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me; and the professional Windows NT line, comprising Windows NT 3.1, Windows NT 3.5, Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4.0, and Windows 2000. These two lines were reunited into a single line with the NT-based Windows XP; this Windows release succeeded both Windows Me and Windows 2000 and had separate editions for consumer and professional use. Since Windows XP, multiple further versions of Windows have been released, the most recent of which is Windows 11.

Name	Codename	Release date	Version	Editions	Build number	Architecture	End of support
Windows 1.01	Interface Manager	1985-11-20	1.01	—	—	x86-16	2001-12-31
Windows 1.02	—	1986-05-14	1.02	—	—
Windows 1.03	—	1986-08-21	1.03	—	—
Windows 1.04	—	1987-04-10	1.04	—	—
Windows 2.01	—	1987-12-09	2.01	—	—	x86-16, IA-32
Windows 2.03	—	1987-12-09	2.03	—	—
Windows 2.1	—	1988-05-27	2.10	—	—
Windows 2.11	—	1989-03-13	2.11	—	—
Windows 3.0	—	1990-05-22	3.00	Windows 3.00a Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions	—
Windows 3.1	—	1992-04-06	3.10	Windows 3.1	103
Sparta[a]	1992-10	Windows for Workgroups 3.1	102	IA-32
Windows NT 3.1	Razzle[1]	1993-07-27	NT 3.1	Windows NT 3.1	528	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS	2000-12-31
Windows 3.11	—	1993-11-08	3.11	Windows 3.11	?	x86-16, IA-32	2001-12-31
Snowball	Windows for Workgroups 3.11	300	IA-32
Windows 3.2	—	1993-11-22	3.2	Windows 3.2	153	x86-16, IA-32
Windows NT 3.5	Daytona	1994-09-21	NT 3.5	Windows NT 3.5 Workstation	807	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC
Windows NT 3.51	1995-05-30	NT 3.51	Windows NT 3.51 Workstation	1057
Windows 95	Chicago	1995-08-24	4.00	Windows 95	950	IA-32
Windows NT 4.0	Shell Update Release	1996-08-24	NT 4.0	Windows NT 4.0 Workstation	1381	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	2004-06-30
Windows 98	Memphis[b]	1998-06-25	4.10	Windows 98	1998	IA-32	2006-07-11
Windows 98 Second Edition	—	1999-05-05	Windows 98 Second Edition	2222A
Windows 2000	Windows NT 5.0	2000-02-17	NT 5.0	Windows 2000 Professional	2195	IA-32	2010-07-13
Windows Me	Millennium	2000-09-14	4.90	Windows Me	3000	IA-32	2006-07-11
Windows XP	Whistler	2001-10-25	NT 5.1	Windows XP Starter Windows XP Home Windows XP Professional	2600	IA-32	2014-04-08
Windows XP 64-bit Edition	Itanium
Freestyle	2002-10-29	Windows XP Media Center Edition	IA-32
Harmony	2003-09-30	Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004
Symphony	2004-10-12	Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005	2700
Emerald	2005-10-14	Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 Update Rollup 2	2710
Anvil	2005-04-25	NT 5.2	Windows XP Professional x64 Edition	3790	x86-64
Windows Vista	Longhorn[3]	2007-01-30	NT 6.0	Windows Vista Starter Windows Vista Home Basic Windows Vista Home Premium Windows Vista Business Windows Vista Enterprise Windows Vista Ultimate	6002[c]	IA-32, x86-64	2017-04-11
Windows 7	Windows 7[4]	2009-10-22	NT 6.1	Windows 7 Starter Windows 7 Home Basic Windows 7 Home Premium Windows 7 Professional Windows 7 Enterprise Windows 7 Ultimate	7601[d]	IA-32, x86-64	2020-01-14
Windows 8	Windows 8	2012-10-26	NT 6.2	Windows 8 Windows 8 Pro Windows 8 Enterprise	9200	IA-32, x86-64	2016-01-12
Windows 8.1	Blue	2013-10-17	NT 6.3	Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 Pro Windows 8.1 Enterprise	9600	IA-32, x86-64	2023-01-10
2014-05-23[e]	Windows 8.1 with Bing
Windows 10 version 1507	Threshold[5][f]	2015-07-29	NT 10.0[g][h]	Windows 10 Home Windows 10 Pro Windows 10 Education Windows 10 Enterprise Windows 10 Pro for Workstations[i] Windows 10 Pro Education[j] Windows 10 S[k] Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC[l]	10240	IA-32, x86-64	2025-10-14[7][m]
Windows 10 version 1511	Threshold 2	2015-11-10	1511	10586
Windows 10 version 1607	Redstone 1	2016-08-02	1607	14393
Windows 10 version 1703	Redstone 2[8]	2017-04-05	1703	15063
Windows 10 version 1709	Redstone 3[9]	2017-10-17	1709	16299	IA-32, x86-64, ARM64
Windows 10 version 1803	Redstone 4	2018-04-30	1803	17134
Windows 10 version 1809	Redstone 5[10]	2018-11-13	1809	17763
Windows 10 version 1903	19H1[11]	2019-05-21	1903	18362
Windows 10 version 1909	Vanadium[n][13]	2019-11-12	1909	18363
Windows 10 version 2004	Vibranium[13][14][o]	2020-05-27	2004	19041
Windows 10 version 20H2	2020-10-20	20H2	19042
Windows 10 version 21H1	2021-05-18	21H1	19043
Windows 10 version 21H2	2021-11-16	21H2	19044
Windows 10 version 22H2	2022-10-18	22H2	19045
Windows 11 version 21H2	Sun Valley[p]	2021-10-05	21H2	Windows 11 Home Windows 11 Pro Windows 11 Pro for Workstations Windows 11 Pro Education Windows 11 Education Windows 11 Enterprise Windows 11 SE	22000	x86-64, ARM64	2023-10-10[q]
Windows 11 version 22H2	Sun Valley 2	2022-09-20	22H2	22621	2024-10-14[q]

Mobile versions[edit]

Mobile versions refer to versions of Windows that can run on smartphones or personal digital assistants.

Name	Codename	Architecture	Release date	Version Number
Pocket PC 2000	Rapier	ARMv4, MIPS, SH-3	2000-04-19	CE 3.0
Pocket PC 2002	Merlin	ARMv4	2001-10-04
Windows Mobile 2003	Ozone	ARMv5	2003-06-23	CE 4.x
Windows Mobile 2003 SE	—	2004-03-24
Windows Mobile 5.0	Magneto	2005-05-09	CE 5.0
Windows Mobile 6.0	Crossbow	2007-02-12
Windows Mobile 6.1	—	2008-04-01	CE 5.2
Windows Mobile 6.1.4	6 on 6	2008-11-11[16]
Windows Mobile 6.5	Titanium	2009-05-11	CE 6.0
Windows Phone 7[r]	—	ARMv7	2010-10-29
Windows Phone 7.5	Mango	2011-09-27
Windows Phone 7.8	—	2013-02-01
Windows Phone 8	Apollo	2012-10-29	NT 6.2
Windows Phone 8.1	Blue	2014-04-14	NT 6.3
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1511	Threshold 2	2015-11-12	1511
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1607	Redstone 1	2016-08-16	1607
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1703	Redstone 2	2017-04-24	1703
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1709	feature2[17]	2017-10-24	1709

Server versions[edit]

Name	Release date	Version number	Editions	Build number	Architecture	End of support
Windows NT 3.1	1993-07-27	NT 3.1	Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server	528	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS	2000-12-31
Windows NT 3.5	1994-09-20	NT 3.5	Windows NT 3.5 Server	807	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	2001-12-31
Windows NT 3.51	1995-05-29	NT 3.51	Windows NT 3.51 Server	1057	2001-12-31
Windows NT 4.0	1996-07-29	NT 4.0	Windows NT 4.0 Server Windows NT 4.0 Server Enterprise Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition	1381	2004-12-31
Windows 2000	2000-02-17	NT 5.0	Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2000 Datacenter Server	2195	IA-32	2010-07-13
Windows Server 2003	2003-04-24	NT 5.2	Windows Server Web Windows Server Standard Windows Server Enterprise Windows Server Datacenter Windows Storage Server	3790	IA-32, x86-64, Itanium	2015-07-14
Windows Server 2003 R2	2005-12-06	2015-07-14
Windows Server 2008	2008-02-27	NT 6.0	Windows Server Foundation Windows Server Standard Windows Server Enterprise Windows Server Datacenter Windows Server for Itanium-based Systems Windows Storage Server Windows Web Server	6002[c]	IA-32, x86-64, Itanium	2020-01-14
Windows Server 2008 R2	2009-10-22	NT 6.1	7601[d]	x86-64, Itanium	2020-01-14
Windows Server 2012	2012-09-04	NT 6.2	Windows Server Foundation Windows Server Essentials Windows Server Standard Windows Server Datacenter	9200	x86-64	2023-10-10
Windows Server 2012 R2	2013-10-17	NT 6.3	9600	2023-10-10
Windows Server 2016	2016-10-12	1607[18]	Windows Server Essentials[s] Windows Server Standard Windows Server Datacenter	14393	2027-01-12
Windows Server, version 1709[19]	2017-10-17	1709	16299	2019-04-09
Windows Server, version 1803[20]	2018-04-30	1803	17134	2019-11-12
Windows Server, version 1809	2018-11-13[21]	1809	17763	2020-11-10
Windows Server 2019[18]	2029-01-09[18]
Windows Server, version 1903[18]	2019-05-21	1903	18362	2020-12-08[18]
Windows Server, version 1909[18]	2019-11-12	1909	18363	2021-05-11[18]
Windows Server, version 2004[22]	2020-06-26	2004	19041	2021-12-14[18]
Windows Server, version 20H2[22]	2020-10-20	20H2	19042	2022-08-09[18]
Windows Server 2022	2021-08-18	21H2[23]	20348	2031-10-14[18]

High-performance computing (HPC) servers[edit]

Name	Codename	Release date	Based on
Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003	—	2006-06-09	Windows Server 2003 R2
Windows HPC Server 2008	Socrates	2008-09-22	Windows Server 2008
Windows HPC Server 2008 R2	—	2010-09-20	Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows Essential Business Server[edit]

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Build number	Based on
Windows Essential Business Server 2008	Centro	2008-09-15	2020-01-14	5700	Windows Server 2008

Windows Home Server[edit]

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Based on
Windows Home Server	Quattro	2007-11-04	2013-01-08	Windows Server 2003 R2
Windows Home Server 2011	Vail	2011-04-06	2016-04-12	Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows MultiPoint Server[edit]

Windows MultiPoint Server was an operating system based on Windows Server. It was succeeded by the MultiPoint Services role in Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server version 1709. It was no longer being developed in Windows Server version 1803 and later versions.

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Version number	Build number	Based on
Windows MultiPoint Server 2010	Solution Server	2010-02-24	2020-07-14	NT 6.1	537	Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows MultiPoint Server 2011	WMS 2	2011-05-12	2021-07-13	1600	Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1
Windows MultiPoint Server 2012	WMS 3	2012-10-30	2023-10-10	NT 6.2	2506	Windows Server 2012

Windows Small Business Server[edit]

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Build number	Based on
Small Business Server 2000	—	2001-02-21	2010-07-13	1343	Windows 2000 Server
Windows Small Business Server 2003	Bobcat	2003-10-09	2015-07-14	2893	Windows Server 2003
Windows Small Business Server 2008	Cougar	2008-08-21	2020-01-14	5601	Windows Server 2008
Windows Small Business Server 2011 Standard	Windows Small Business Server 7	2010-12-13	2020-01-14	7900	Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials	Colorado	2011-06-28	2013-01-05	8800

Device versions[edit]

ARM-based tablets[edit]

In 2012 and 2013, Microsoft released versions of Windows specially designed to run on ARM-based tablets; these versions of Windows were based on Windows 8 and Windows 8.1, respectively, although the standard versions could run on x86-based tablets without modification. Upon the release of Windows 10 in 2015, the ARM-specific version for large tablets was discontinued; large tablets (such as the Surface Pro 4) were only released with x86 processors and could run the full version of Windows 10. Windows 10 Mobile had the ability to be installed on smaller tablets (up to nine inches);^[24] however, very few such tablets were released, and Windows 10 Mobile primarily ended up only running on smartphones until its discontinuation. In 2017, the full version of Windows 10 gained the ability to run on ARM, which rendered a specific version of Windows for ARM-based tablets unnecessary.

Name	Release date	Version number	Build number	Based on
Windows RT	2012-10-26	NT 6.2	9200	Windows 8
Windows RT 8.1	2013-10-18	NT 6.3	9600	Windows 8.1

Mixed reality and virtual reality headsets[edit]

Name	Build number
Windows 10 Holographic, version 1607[25]	14393
Windows 10 Holographic, version 1803[25]	17134
Windows 10 Holographic, version 1809[25]	17763
Windows Holographic, version 1903[26]	18362
Windows Holographic, version 2004[26]	19041
Windows Holographic, version 20H2[26]	19041
Windows Holographic, version 21H1[26]	20346
Windows Holographic, version 21H2[26]	20348
Windows Holographic, version 22H1[26]	20348

Surface Hub[edit]

Microsoft originally announced the Surface Hub, an interactive whiteboard, in January 2015. The Surface Hub family of devices runs a custom variant of Windows 10 known as Windows 10 Team.

Name	Build number
Windows 10 Team, version 1511[27]	10586
Windows 10 Team, version 1607[27]	14393
Windows 10 Team, version 1703[27]	15063
Windows 10 Team, version 20H2[27]	19042

Windows XP-based tablets[edit]

Two versions of Windows XP were released that were optimized for tablets. Beginning with Windows Vista, all tablet-specific components were included in the main version of the operating system.

Name	Codename	Release date	Version number	Build number	Based on
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition	—	2002-11-07	NT 5.1	2600	Windows XP
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005	Lonestar	2004-08	NT 5.1	2600	Windows XP

Embedded versions[edit]

Windows Embedded Compact[edit]

Name	Codename(s)	Release date
Windows CE 1.0	Pegasus; Alder	1996-11-16
Windows CE 2.0	Jupiter; Birch	1997-09-29
Windows CE 2.1	—	1998-07
Windows CE 2.11	—	1998-10
Windows CE 2.12	—	1999
Windows CE 3.0	Cedar; Galileo	2000
Windows CE 4.0	Talisker	2002-01-07
Windows CE 4.1	Jameson	2002-07-30
Windows CE 4.2	McKendric	2003-04-23
Windows CE 5.0	Macallan	2004-07-09
Windows Embedded CE 6.0	Yamakazi	2006-11-01
Windows Embedded Compact 7	Chelan	2011-03-01
Windows Embedded Compact 2013	—	2013-06-13

Windows Embedded Standard[edit]

Name	Codename	Release date	Based on
Windows NT Embedded 4.0	Impala	1999-08-30	Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
Windows XP Embedded	Mantis	2001-11-28	Windows XP Professional
Windows Embedded Standard 2009	—	2008-12-14	Windows XP Service Pack 3
Windows Embedded Standard 7	Quebec	2010	Windows 7
Windows Embedded 8	—	2013	Windows 8
Windows Embedded 8.1	—	2013	Windows 8.1

Other embedded versions[edit]

• Windows Embedded Industry
• Windows Embedded Automotive

Cancelled versions[edit]

Cancelled personal computer versions[edit]

Codename	Intended name	Discontinuation	Version	Latest known build number	Notes
Cairo	—	1996	NT 4.0	1175	Originally announced in 1991
Nashville[t]	Windows 96	—	4.1	999	Planned to be released between Windows 95 and Windows 98
Neptune	—	Early 2000	NT 5.50	5111	The first planned version of Microsoft Windows NT to have a consumer edition variant, based on the Windows 2000 codebase. A version was sent out to testers but was never released.[28] The teams working on Neptune and Odyssey combined to work on Windows XP.
Odyssey	—	Early 2000	NT 6.0[29]	—	Planned to be the successor of Windows 2000. The teams working on Neptune and Odyssey combined to work on Windows XP.
Triton	—	—	—	—	Planned to be the successor of Windows Neptune and had been scheduled to be released in March 2001
Blackcomb	—	2006-01	—	—	Blackcomb was originally planned to be a release of Windows following Windows XP. However, due to the large feature scope planned for Blackcomb, a smaller release codenamed «Longhorn» was planned first, and Blackcomb was delayed to 2003/2004. Both projects faced delays; Longhorn would go on to be released to consumers as «Windows Vista» in January 2007, while development on Blackcomb continued until the Blackcomb project was renamed «Vienna» in early 2006.
Vienna	—	2007-07[u]	—	—	Vienna replaced Blackcomb and was intended as Windows Vista’s successor. Vienna was eventually cancelled in favor of a new project codenamed «Windows 7» (which went on to be released in 2009 with the same name).
Polaris	—	2018	—	16299	Cancelled in favor of Santorini
Santorini[v]	Windows 10X	2021-05-18[w][31]	21H1	20279	Microsoft had been reported as working on a new «lite» version of Windows as early as December 2018.[32] Such a version was officially announced under the name «Windows 10X» at an event in October 2019; the operating system was intended to first launch on dual-screen devices. In May 2020, Microsoft announced that Windows 10X would instead be launching on single-screen PCs, such as laptops and 2-in-1 devices, first.[33] However, on May 18, 2021, Microsoft announced that Windows 10X would not be launching (at least not in 2021); many of its features were rolled into Windows 11 instead.

Cancelled mobile versions[edit]

Codename	Intended name	Discontinuation	Notes
Photon	Windows Mobile 7	September 2008[34]	Originally a successor of Windows Mobile, it had been scrapped for Windows Phone 7[35][36]
Phoenix	—	Early 2017	Cancelled when Microsoft «wound down» its phone efforts.[37]
Andromeda	—	Mid-2018	Much of the work that was put into Andromeda was migrated into Santorini. The Surface Duo, a dual-screen Android-powered smartphone launched by Microsoft in 2020, was loosely based on the prototype hardware that had been used to test Andromeda.[38]

Cancelled server versions[edit]

Codename	Intended name	Discontinuation	Latest known build number
Cascades	Windows Essential Business Server 2008 R2	April 7, 2010[w]	7224

See also[edit]

• List of Microsoft operating systems
• Microsoft Windows version history
• Windows 10 version history
• Windows 11 version history
• Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
• List of Microsoft codenames

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Microsoft Windows is a computer operating system developed by Microsoft. It was first launched in 1985 as a graphical operating system built on MS-DOS. The initial version was followed by several subsequent releases, and by the early 1990s, the Windows line had split into two separate lines of releases: Windows 9x for consumers and Windows NT for businesses and enterprises. In the following years, several further variants of Windows would be released: Windows CE in 1996 for embedded systems; Pocket PC in 2000 (renamed to Windows Mobile in 2003 and Windows Phone in 2010) for personal digital assistants and, later, smartphones; Windows Holographic in 2016 for AR/VR headsets; and several other editions.

Personal computer versions[edit]

A «personal computer» version of Windows is considered to be a version that end-users or OEMs can install on personal computers, including desktop computers, laptops, and workstations.

The first five versions of Windows–Windows 1.0, Windows 2.0, Windows 2.1, Windows 3.0, and Windows 3.1–were all based on MS-DOS, and were aimed at both consumers and businesses. However, Windows 3.1 had two separate successors, splitting the Windows line in two: the consumer-focused «Windows 9x» line, consisting of Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me; and the professional Windows NT line, comprising Windows NT 3.1, Windows NT 3.5, Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4.0, and Windows 2000. These two lines were reunited into a single line with the NT-based Windows XP; this Windows release succeeded both Windows Me and Windows 2000 and had separate editions for consumer and professional use. Since Windows XP, multiple further versions of Windows have been released, the most recent of which is Windows 11.

Name	Codename	Release date	Version	Editions	Build number	Architecture	End of support
Windows 1.01	Interface Manager	1985-11-20	1.01	—	—	x86-16	2001-12-31
Windows 1.02	—	1986-05-14	1.02	—	—
Windows 1.03	—	1986-08-21	1.03	—	—
Windows 1.04	—	1987-04-10	1.04	—	—
Windows 2.01	—	1987-12-09	2.01	—	—	x86-16, IA-32
Windows 2.03	—	1987-12-09	2.03	—	—
Windows 2.1	—	1988-05-27	2.10	—	—
Windows 2.11	—	1989-03-13	2.11	—	—
Windows 3.0	—	1990-05-22	3.00	Windows 3.00a Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions	—
Windows 3.1	—	1992-04-06	3.10	Windows 3.1	103
Sparta[a]	1992-10	Windows for Workgroups 3.1	102	IA-32
Windows NT 3.1	Razzle[1]	1993-07-27	NT 3.1	Windows NT 3.1	528	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS	2000-12-31
Windows 3.11	—	1993-11-08	3.11	Windows 3.11	?	x86-16, IA-32	2001-12-31
Snowball	Windows for Workgroups 3.11	300	IA-32
Windows 3.2	—	1993-11-22	3.2	Windows 3.2	153	x86-16, IA-32
Windows NT 3.5	Daytona	1994-09-21	NT 3.5	Windows NT 3.5 Workstation	807	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC
Windows NT 3.51	1995-05-30	NT 3.51	Windows NT 3.51 Workstation	1057
Windows 95	Chicago	1995-08-24	4.00	Windows 95	950	IA-32
Windows NT 4.0	Shell Update Release	1996-08-24	NT 4.0	Windows NT 4.0 Workstation	1381	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	2004-06-30
Windows 98	Memphis[b]	1998-06-25	4.10	Windows 98	1998	IA-32	2006-07-11
Windows 98 Second Edition	—	1999-05-05	Windows 98 Second Edition	2222A
Windows 2000	Windows NT 5.0	2000-02-17	NT 5.0	Windows 2000 Professional	2195	IA-32	2010-07-13
Windows Me	Millennium	2000-09-14	4.90	Windows Me	3000	IA-32	2006-07-11
Windows XP	Whistler	2001-10-25	NT 5.1	Windows XP Starter Windows XP Home Windows XP Professional	2600	IA-32	2014-04-08
Windows XP 64-bit Edition	Itanium
Freestyle	2002-10-29	Windows XP Media Center Edition	IA-32
Harmony	2003-09-30	Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004
Symphony	2004-10-12	Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005	2700
Emerald	2005-10-14	Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 Update Rollup 2	2710
Anvil	2005-04-25	NT 5.2	Windows XP Professional x64 Edition	3790	x86-64
Windows Vista	Longhorn[3]	2007-01-30	NT 6.0	Windows Vista Starter Windows Vista Home Basic Windows Vista Home Premium Windows Vista Business Windows Vista Enterprise Windows Vista Ultimate	6002[c]	IA-32, x86-64	2017-04-11
Windows 7	Windows 7[4]	2009-10-22	NT 6.1	Windows 7 Starter Windows 7 Home Basic Windows 7 Home Premium Windows 7 Professional Windows 7 Enterprise Windows 7 Ultimate	7601[d]	IA-32, x86-64	2020-01-14
Windows 8	Windows 8	2012-10-26	NT 6.2	Windows 8 Windows 8 Pro Windows 8 Enterprise	9200	IA-32, x86-64	2016-01-12
Windows 8.1	Blue	2013-10-17	NT 6.3	Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 Pro Windows 8.1 Enterprise	9600	IA-32, x86-64	2023-01-10
2014-05-23[e]	Windows 8.1 with Bing
Windows 10 version 1507	Threshold[5][f]	2015-07-29	NT 10.0[g][h]	Windows 10 Home Windows 10 Pro Windows 10 Education Windows 10 Enterprise Windows 10 Pro for Workstations[i] Windows 10 Pro Education[j] Windows 10 S[k] Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC[l]	10240	IA-32, x86-64	2025-10-14[7][m]
Windows 10 version 1511	Threshold 2	2015-11-10	1511	10586
Windows 10 version 1607	Redstone 1	2016-08-02	1607	14393
Windows 10 version 1703	Redstone 2[8]	2017-04-05	1703	15063
Windows 10 version 1709	Redstone 3[9]	2017-10-17	1709	16299	IA-32, x86-64, ARM64
Windows 10 version 1803	Redstone 4	2018-04-30	1803	17134
Windows 10 version 1809	Redstone 5[10]	2018-11-13	1809	17763
Windows 10 version 1903	19H1[11]	2019-05-21	1903	18362
Windows 10 version 1909	Vanadium[n][13]	2019-11-12	1909	18363
Windows 10 version 2004	Vibranium[13][14][o]	2020-05-27	2004	19041
Windows 10 version 20H2	2020-10-20	20H2	19042
Windows 10 version 21H1	2021-05-18	21H1	19043
Windows 10 version 21H2	2021-11-16	21H2	19044
Windows 10 version 22H2	2022-10-18	22H2	19045
Windows 11 version 21H2	Sun Valley[p]	2021-10-05	21H2	Windows 11 Home Windows 11 Pro Windows 11 Pro for Workstations Windows 11 Pro Education Windows 11 Education Windows 11 Enterprise Windows 11 SE	22000	x86-64, ARM64	2023-10-10[q]
Windows 11 version 22H2	Sun Valley 2	2022-09-20	22H2	22621	2024-10-14[q]

Mobile versions[edit]

Mobile versions refer to versions of Windows that can run on smartphones or personal digital assistants.

Name	Codename	Architecture	Release date	Version Number
Pocket PC 2000	Rapier	ARMv4, MIPS, SH-3	2000-04-19	CE 3.0
Pocket PC 2002	Merlin	ARMv4	2001-10-04
Windows Mobile 2003	Ozone	ARMv5	2003-06-23	CE 4.x
Windows Mobile 2003 SE	—	2004-03-24
Windows Mobile 5.0	Magneto	2005-05-09	CE 5.0
Windows Mobile 6.0	Crossbow	2007-02-12
Windows Mobile 6.1	—	2008-04-01	CE 5.2
Windows Mobile 6.1.4	6 on 6	2008-11-11[16]
Windows Mobile 6.5	Titanium	2009-05-11	CE 6.0
Windows Phone 7[r]	—	ARMv7	2010-10-29
Windows Phone 7.5	Mango	2011-09-27
Windows Phone 7.8	—	2013-02-01
Windows Phone 8	Apollo	2012-10-29	NT 6.2
Windows Phone 8.1	Blue	2014-04-14	NT 6.3
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1511	Threshold 2	2015-11-12	1511
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1607	Redstone 1	2016-08-16	1607
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1703	Redstone 2	2017-04-24	1703
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1709	feature2[17]	2017-10-24	1709

Server versions[edit]

Name	Release date	Version number	Editions	Build number	Architecture	End of support
Windows NT 3.1	1993-07-27	NT 3.1	Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server	528	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS	2000-12-31
Windows NT 3.5	1994-09-20	NT 3.5	Windows NT 3.5 Server	807	IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	2001-12-31
Windows NT 3.51	1995-05-29	NT 3.51	Windows NT 3.51 Server	1057	2001-12-31
Windows NT 4.0	1996-07-29	NT 4.0	Windows NT 4.0 Server Windows NT 4.0 Server Enterprise Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition	1381	2004-12-31
Windows 2000	2000-02-17	NT 5.0	Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2000 Datacenter Server	2195	IA-32	2010-07-13
Windows Server 2003	2003-04-24	NT 5.2	Windows Server Web Windows Server Standard Windows Server Enterprise Windows Server Datacenter Windows Storage Server	3790	IA-32, x86-64, Itanium	2015-07-14
Windows Server 2003 R2	2005-12-06	2015-07-14
Windows Server 2008	2008-02-27	NT 6.0	Windows Server Foundation Windows Server Standard Windows Server Enterprise Windows Server Datacenter Windows Server for Itanium-based Systems Windows Storage Server Windows Web Server	6002[c]	IA-32, x86-64, Itanium	2020-01-14
Windows Server 2008 R2	2009-10-22	NT 6.1	7601[d]	x86-64, Itanium	2020-01-14
Windows Server 2012	2012-09-04	NT 6.2	Windows Server Foundation Windows Server Essentials Windows Server Standard Windows Server Datacenter	9200	x86-64	2023-10-10
Windows Server 2012 R2	2013-10-17	NT 6.3	9600	2023-10-10
Windows Server 2016	2016-10-12	1607[18]	Windows Server Essentials[s] Windows Server Standard Windows Server Datacenter	14393	2027-01-12
Windows Server, version 1709[19]	2017-10-17	1709	16299	2019-04-09
Windows Server, version 1803[20]	2018-04-30	1803	17134	2019-11-12
Windows Server, version 1809	2018-11-13[21]	1809	17763	2020-11-10
Windows Server 2019[18]	2029-01-09[18]
Windows Server, version 1903[18]	2019-05-21	1903	18362	2020-12-08[18]
Windows Server, version 1909[18]	2019-11-12	1909	18363	2021-05-11[18]
Windows Server, version 2004[22]	2020-06-26	2004	19041	2021-12-14[18]
Windows Server, version 20H2[22]	2020-10-20	20H2	19042	2022-08-09[18]
Windows Server 2022	2021-08-18	21H2[23]	20348	2031-10-14[18]

High-performance computing (HPC) servers[edit]

Name	Codename	Release date	Based on
Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003	—	2006-06-09	Windows Server 2003 R2
Windows HPC Server 2008	Socrates	2008-09-22	Windows Server 2008
Windows HPC Server 2008 R2	—	2010-09-20	Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows Essential Business Server[edit]

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Build number	Based on
Windows Essential Business Server 2008	Centro	2008-09-15	2020-01-14	5700	Windows Server 2008

Windows Home Server[edit]

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Based on
Windows Home Server	Quattro	2007-11-04	2013-01-08	Windows Server 2003 R2
Windows Home Server 2011	Vail	2011-04-06	2016-04-12	Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows MultiPoint Server[edit]

Windows MultiPoint Server was an operating system based on Windows Server. It was succeeded by the MultiPoint Services role in Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server version 1709. It was no longer being developed in Windows Server version 1803 and later versions.

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Version number	Build number	Based on
Windows MultiPoint Server 2010	Solution Server	2010-02-24	2020-07-14	NT 6.1	537	Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows MultiPoint Server 2011	WMS 2	2011-05-12	2021-07-13	1600	Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1
Windows MultiPoint Server 2012	WMS 3	2012-10-30	2023-10-10	NT 6.2	2506	Windows Server 2012

Windows Small Business Server[edit]

Name	Codename	Release date	End-of-support date	Build number	Based on
Small Business Server 2000	—	2001-02-21	2010-07-13	1343	Windows 2000 Server
Windows Small Business Server 2003	Bobcat	2003-10-09	2015-07-14	2893	Windows Server 2003
Windows Small Business Server 2008	Cougar	2008-08-21	2020-01-14	5601	Windows Server 2008
Windows Small Business Server 2011 Standard	Windows Small Business Server 7	2010-12-13	2020-01-14	7900	Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials	Colorado	2011-06-28	2013-01-05	8800

Device versions[edit]

ARM-based tablets[edit]

In 2012 and 2013, Microsoft released versions of Windows specially designed to run on ARM-based tablets; these versions of Windows were based on Windows 8 and Windows 8.1, respectively, although the standard versions could run on x86-based tablets without modification. Upon the release of Windows 10 in 2015, the ARM-specific version for large tablets was discontinued; large tablets (such as the Surface Pro 4) were only released with x86 processors and could run the full version of Windows 10. Windows 10 Mobile had the ability to be installed on smaller tablets (up to nine inches);^[24] however, very few such tablets were released, and Windows 10 Mobile primarily ended up only running on smartphones until its discontinuation. In 2017, the full version of Windows 10 gained the ability to run on ARM, which rendered a specific version of Windows for ARM-based tablets unnecessary.

Name	Release date	Version number	Build number	Based on
Windows RT	2012-10-26	NT 6.2	9200	Windows 8
Windows RT 8.1	2013-10-18	NT 6.3	9600	Windows 8.1

Mixed reality and virtual reality headsets[edit]

Name	Build number
Windows 10 Holographic, version 1607[25]	14393
Windows 10 Holographic, version 1803[25]	17134
Windows 10 Holographic, version 1809[25]	17763
Windows Holographic, version 1903[26]	18362
Windows Holographic, version 2004[26]	19041
Windows Holographic, version 20H2[26]	19041
Windows Holographic, version 21H1[26]	20346
Windows Holographic, version 21H2[26]	20348
Windows Holographic, version 22H1[26]	20348

Surface Hub[edit]

Microsoft originally announced the Surface Hub, an interactive whiteboard, in January 2015. The Surface Hub family of devices runs a custom variant of Windows 10 known as Windows 10 Team.

Name	Build number
Windows 10 Team, version 1511[27]	10586
Windows 10 Team, version 1607[27]	14393
Windows 10 Team, version 1703[27]	15063
Windows 10 Team, version 20H2[27]	19042

Windows XP-based tablets[edit]

Two versions of Windows XP were released that were optimized for tablets. Beginning with Windows Vista, all tablet-specific components were included in the main version of the operating system.

Name	Codename	Release date	Version number	Build number	Based on
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition	—	2002-11-07	NT 5.1	2600	Windows XP
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005	Lonestar	2004-08	NT 5.1	2600	Windows XP

Embedded versions[edit]

Windows Embedded Compact[edit]

Name	Codename(s)	Release date
Windows CE 1.0	Pegasus; Alder	1996-11-16
Windows CE 2.0	Jupiter; Birch	1997-09-29
Windows CE 2.1	—	1998-07
Windows CE 2.11	—	1998-10
Windows CE 2.12	—	1999
Windows CE 3.0	Cedar; Galileo	2000
Windows CE 4.0	Talisker	2002-01-07
Windows CE 4.1	Jameson	2002-07-30
Windows CE 4.2	McKendric	2003-04-23
Windows CE 5.0	Macallan	2004-07-09
Windows Embedded CE 6.0	Yamakazi	2006-11-01
Windows Embedded Compact 7	Chelan	2011-03-01
Windows Embedded Compact 2013	—	2013-06-13

Windows Embedded Standard[edit]

Name	Codename	Release date	Based on
Windows NT Embedded 4.0	Impala	1999-08-30	Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
Windows XP Embedded	Mantis	2001-11-28	Windows XP Professional
Windows Embedded Standard 2009	—	2008-12-14	Windows XP Service Pack 3
Windows Embedded Standard 7	Quebec	2010	Windows 7
Windows Embedded 8	—	2013	Windows 8
Windows Embedded 8.1	—	2013	Windows 8.1

Other embedded versions[edit]

• Windows Embedded Industry
• Windows Embedded Automotive

Cancelled versions[edit]

Cancelled personal computer versions[edit]

Codename	Intended name	Discontinuation	Version	Latest known build number	Notes
Cairo	—	1996	NT 4.0	1175	Originally announced in 1991
Nashville[t]	Windows 96	—	4.1	999	Planned to be released between Windows 95 and Windows 98
Neptune	—	Early 2000	NT 5.50	5111	The first planned version of Microsoft Windows NT to have a consumer edition variant, based on the Windows 2000 codebase. A version was sent out to testers but was never released.[28] The teams working on Neptune and Odyssey combined to work on Windows XP.
Odyssey	—	Early 2000	NT 6.0[29]	—	Planned to be the successor of Windows 2000. The teams working on Neptune and Odyssey combined to work on Windows XP.
Triton	—	—	—	—	Planned to be the successor of Windows Neptune and had been scheduled to be released in March 2001
Blackcomb	—	2006-01	—	—	Blackcomb was originally planned to be a release of Windows following Windows XP. However, due to the large feature scope planned for Blackcomb, a smaller release codenamed «Longhorn» was planned first, and Blackcomb was delayed to 2003/2004. Both projects faced delays; Longhorn would go on to be released to consumers as «Windows Vista» in January 2007, while development on Blackcomb continued until the Blackcomb project was renamed «Vienna» in early 2006.
Vienna	—	2007-07[u]	—	—	Vienna replaced Blackcomb and was intended as Windows Vista’s successor. Vienna was eventually cancelled in favor of a new project codenamed «Windows 7» (which went on to be released in 2009 with the same name).
Polaris	—	2018	—	16299	Cancelled in favor of Santorini
Santorini[v]	Windows 10X	2021-05-18[w][31]	21H1	20279	Microsoft had been reported as working on a new «lite» version of Windows as early as December 2018.[32] Such a version was officially announced under the name «Windows 10X» at an event in October 2019; the operating system was intended to first launch on dual-screen devices. In May 2020, Microsoft announced that Windows 10X would instead be launching on single-screen PCs, such as laptops and 2-in-1 devices, first.[33] However, on May 18, 2021, Microsoft announced that Windows 10X would not be launching (at least not in 2021); many of its features were rolled into Windows 11 instead.

Cancelled mobile versions[edit]

Codename	Intended name	Discontinuation	Notes
Photon	Windows Mobile 7	September 2008[34]	Originally a successor of Windows Mobile, it had been scrapped for Windows Phone 7[35][36]
Phoenix	—	Early 2017	Cancelled when Microsoft «wound down» its phone efforts.[37]
Andromeda	—	Mid-2018	Much of the work that was put into Andromeda was migrated into Santorini. The Surface Duo, a dual-screen Android-powered smartphone launched by Microsoft in 2020, was loosely based on the prototype hardware that had been used to test Andromeda.[38]

Cancelled server versions[edit]

Codename	Intended name	Discontinuation	Latest known build number
Cascades	Windows Essential Business Server 2008 R2	April 7, 2010[w]	7224

See also[edit]

• List of Microsoft operating systems
• Microsoft Windows version history
• Windows 10 version history
• Windows 11 version history
• Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
• List of Microsoft codenames

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of computer software operating systems created by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

All versions of Microsoft Windows are commercial proprietary software.

General information[edit]

Basic general information about Windows.

DOS shells[edit]

Name	Release date	Latest version	Status support	Codename	OS required	Architecture	Editions	Target market
Windows 1.0	1985-11-20	1.04 (1987-04-08)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)	Interface Manager	DOS 2.0 or higher	16-bit		Desktops
Windows 2.0	1987-09-08	2.03 (1987-12-09)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)		DOS 3.0 or higher	16-bit		Desktops
Windows 2.1x	1988-05-27	2.11 (1989-03-13)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)		DOS 3.0 or higher	16-bit		Desktops
Windows 3.0	1990-05-22	3.0a with Multimedia Extensions (1991-10-20)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)		DOS 3.1 or higher	16-bit	Windows 3.0 Windows 3.0a Windows 3.0a with Multimedia Extensions	Desktops
Windows 3.1x	1992-04-06	3.11 (1993-12-31)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)	Janus 3.1 for Workgroups:Kato 3.11:Snowball (LB) 3.11 for Workgroups:Sparta	DOS 3.3 or higher	16-bit*	Windows 3.1 Windows for Workgroups 3.1 Windows 3.11 Windows for Workgroups 3.11 Windows 3.2 (Simplified Chinese only)	Desktops

* Has partial 32-bit compatibility with Win32s

Windows 9x[edit]

Name	Release date	RTM build	Latest version	Status support	Codename	MS-DOS version	Kernel type	Architecture	Editions	Target market
Windows 95	1995-07-14	950	4.00.950C OSR2.5 (1997-11-26)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)	Chicago	MS-DOS 7.0, MS-DOS 7.1 (OSR2.x)	Monolithic	Hybrid 16/32-bit	Retail, OSR1, OSR2, OSR2.1, OSR2.5	Desktops
Windows 98	1998-05-15	1998	4.10.1998	Unsupported (2006-07-11)	Memphis	MS-DOS 7.1	Monolithic	Hybrid 16/32-bit		Desktops
Windows 98 SE	1999-05-05	2222	4.10.2222A (2000-02-25)	Unsupported (2006-07-11)		MS-DOS 7.1	Monolithic	Hybrid 16/32-bit		Desktops
Windows Me	2000-06-19	3000	4.90.3000 (2000-09-14)	Unsupported (2006-07-11)	Millennium	MS-DOS 8.0	Monolithic	Hybrid 16/32-bit		Desktops

Windows NT[edit]

Name	Release date	Version	RTM build	Latest build	Status support	Codename, working name	Supported architectures	Editions	OS type
Windows NT 3.1	1993-07-27	3.1	528	528 (SP3) (1994-11-10)	Unsupported (2000-12-31)[1]	New Technology OS/2	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS	Workstation, Advanced Server	Workstation, Server
Windows NT 3.5	1994-09-21	3.5	807	807 (SP3) (1995-06-21)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)	Daytona	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC[2]	Workstation, Server	Workstation, Server
Windows NT 3.51	1995-05-30	3.51	1057	1057 (SP5) (1996-09-19)	Unsupported (2001-12-31)	—	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	Workstation, Server	Workstation, Server
Windows NT 4.0	1996-07-31	4.0	1381	1381 (SP6a) (1999-11-30)	Unsupported (2004-06-30)	Cairo/Shell Update Release Hydra (Terminal Server) Impala (Embedded)	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	Workstation, Server, Server Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server, Embedded	Workstation, Server, Embedded PCs
Windows 2000	1999-12-15	5.0	2195	SP4 Rollup 1 v2 (2005-09-13)	Unsupported (2010-07-13)	N/A Windows 2000 64-bit: Janus	IA-32	Professional, Server, Advanced Server, Datacenter Server, Powered (Embedded)	Desktop, Workstation, Server, Embedded PCs
Windows XP	2001-08-24	5.1	2600	2600 (SP3) (2008-04-21)	Unsupported (2014-04-08)	Whistler	IA-32, IA-64, x86-64	HomeK, ProfessionalKx64, Media Center, Tablet PC, Starter, Embedded	Desktop, Workstation, Embedded PCs
Windows Server 2003	2003-04-24	5.2	3790	3790 (SP2) (2007-03-13)	Unsupported (2015-07-14)	Whistler Server, Windows.NET Server	IA-32, IA-64, x86-64	Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Storage, Small Business Server, Compute Cluster	Server, Network Appliance, Embedded PCs, HPC
Windows Server 2003 R2	2005	5.2	3790	?	Unsupported (2015-07-14)	?	IA-32, x86-64		Server, Network Appliance, Embedded PCs, HPC
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs	2006-07-08	5.1	2600	—	Unsupported (2014-04-08)	Eiger, Mönch	IA-32	Fundamentals for Legacy PCs	Desktop
Windows Vista	2006-11-30	6.0	6000	6002 (SP2) (2009-04-28)	Unsupported (2017-04-11)	Longhorn	IA-32, x86-64	Starter, Home BasicK, Home PremiumK, BusinessK, EnterpriseK, UltimateK	Desktop, Workstation
Windows Home Server	2007-11-04	5.2	3790	—	Unsupported (2013-01-08)	Q, Quattro	IA-32, x86-64	Home Server	Server
Windows Server 2008	2008-02-04	6.0	6001	6002 (SP2) (2009-04-28)	Unsupported (2020-01-14)	Longhorn Server	IA-32, IA-64, x86-64	WebCore, StandardCorewHVCwHV, EnterpriseCorewHVCwHV, Small Business Server, DatacenterCorewHVCwHV, HPC, HyperV Core, Foundation, Storage	Server
Windows 7	2009-07-22	6.1	7600	7601 (SP1) (2011-02-22)	Unsupported (2020-01-14)	7	IA-32, x86-64	StarterK, Home BasicK, Home PremiumK, ProfessionalK, UltimateK, EnterpriseK	Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows Server 2008 R2	2009-07-22	6.1	7600	7601 (SP1) (2011-02-22)	Unsupported (2020-01-14)	7 Server	IA-64, x86-64	StandardCore, EnterpriseCore, DatacenterCore, WebCore	Server
Windows Home Server 2011	2011-04-06	6.1	8400	—	Unsupported (2016-04-12)	Vail	x86-64	Home Server	Server
Windows Server 2012	2012-08-01	6.2	9200	—	Supported (2023-10-10)	8 Server	x86-64	Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Storage Standard, Storage Workgroup	Server
Windows 8	2012-08-01	6.2	9200	—	(RTM only) Unsupported (2016-01-12)	8	IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7	Windows 8, Pro, EnterpriseK, Windows RT	Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows 8.1	2013-08-27	6.3	9600	—	Unsupported (2023-01-10)	Blue	IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7	Windows 8.1, Pro, EnterpriseK, Windows RT 8.1	Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows Server 2012 R2	2013-10-18	6.3	9600	—	Supported (2023-10-10)	Blue Server	x86-64	Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Storage Essentials, Storage Standard, Storage Workgroup	Server
Windows 10	Original Release	2015-07-29	10.0	10240	—	Unsupported (2017-05-09)	Threshold	IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7	Home, Pro, Education, Enterprise	Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Supported (2025-10-14)	Enterprise LTSB
November Update	2015-11-12	10586	—	Unsupported (2017-10-10)	Threshold 2	Home, Pro
Unsupported (2018-04-10)	Education, Enterprise
Anniversary Update	2016-08-02	14393	—	Unsupported (2018-04-10)	Redstone	Home, Pro, Pro Education
Unsupported (2019-04-09)	Education, Enterprise
Supported (2026-10-13)	Enterprise LTSB
Creators Update	2017-04-11	15063	—	Unsupported (2018-10-09)	Redstone 2	Home, Pro, Pro Education
Unsupported (2019-10-08)	Education, Enterprise
Fall Creators Update	2017-10-17	16299	—	Unsupported (2019-04-09)	Redstone 3	IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7, ARM64	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
Unsupported (2020-10-13)	Education, Enterprise
April 2018 Update	2018-04-30	17134	—	Unsupported (2019-11-12)	Redstone 4	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
Unsupported (2021-05-11)	Education, Enterprise
October 2018 Update	2018-10-02	17763	—	Unsupported (2020-11-10)	Redstone 5	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
Unsupported (2021-05-11)	Education, Enterprise
Supported (2029-01-09)	Enterprise LTSC
May 2019 Update	2019-05-21	18362	—	Unsupported (2020-12-08)	19H1	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, Education, Enterprise
November 2019 Update	2019-11-12	18363	—	Unsupported (2021-05-11)	19H2	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
Unsupported (2022-05-10)	Education, Enterprise
May 2020 Update	2020-05-27	19041	—	Unsupported (2021-12-14)	20H1	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, Education, Enterprise
October 2020 Update	2020-10-20	19042	—	Unsupported (2022-05-10)	20H2	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
Supported (2023-05-09)	Education, Enterprise
May 2021 Update	2021-05-18	19043	—	Unsupported (2022-12-13)	21H1	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, Education, Enterprise
November 2021 Update	2021-10-16	19044	—	Supported (2023-06-13)	21H2	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
Supported (2024-06-11)	Education, Enterprise
Supported (2027-01-12)	Enterprise LTSC
2022 Update	2022-10-18	19045	—	Supported (2024-05-14)	22H2	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education
Supported (2025-05-13)	Education, Enterprise
Windows Server 2016	2016-09-26	10.0	14393	—	Supported (2027-01-12)	Redstone Server	x86-64	Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, MultiPoint Premium, Storage Standard, Storage Workgroup	Server
Windows Server 2019	2018-10-02	10.0	17763	—	Supported (2029-01-09)	Redstone 5 Server	x86-64	Essentials, Standard, Datacenter	Server
Windows Server 2022	2021-08-18	10.0	20348	—	Supported (2031-10-14)	21H2 Server	x86-64	Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Datacenter for Azure	Server
Windows 11	Original Release	2021-10-05	10.0	22000	—	Supported (2023-10-10)	Sunvalley (21H2)	x86-64, ARM64	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, SE	Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Supported (2024-10-08)	Education, Enterprise
2022 Update	2022-09-20	22621	Supported (2024-10-14)	22H2	Home, Pro, Pro for Workstations, Pro Education, SE
Supported (2025-10-14)	Education, Enterprise
Name	Release date	Version	RTM build	Latest build	Status support	Codename, working name	Supported architectures	Editions	OS type

^N has also an N-edition

^K has also an N-edition

^KN has also an N-edition

^x64 has a separate x64-edition

^Core has also a Core-edition

^wHV has also an edition without HyperV

^CwHV has also a Core-edition without HyperV

Windows Embedded Compact[edit]

Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) is a variation of Microsoft’s Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors.

Name	Release date	RTM build	Current version	Status support	Codename	Based on (kernel)	Kernel type	Operating environments	Editions	Purpose	Short description
Windows CE 1.0	1996-11-16			Unsupported	Pegasus, Alder	CE 1.0				Embedded	First release of Microsoft’s Windows CE line for minimalistic computers and embedded systems
Windows CE 2.0	1997-11-29			Unsupported	Mercury, Apollo	CE 2.0			2.1, 2.11	Embedded
Windows CE 3.0	2000-06-15			Unsupported (2007-10-09)	Cedar, Galileo, Rapier, Merlin, Stinger	CE 3.0	Embedded kernel			Embedded
Windows CE 4.0	2002-01-07			Unsupported	Talisker	CE 4.0			4.1, 4.2	Embedded
Windows CE 5.0	2004-07-09		5.0 (2004-07-09)	Unsupported (2014-10-14)	Macallan	CE 5.0	Embedded kernel			Embedded
Windows Embedded CE 6.0	2006-11-01			Unsupported (2018-04-10)	Yamazaki	CE 6.0	Hybrid kernel
Windows Embedded Compact 7	2011-03-01	?	?	Unsupported (2021-04-13)	Chelan	CE 7.0	Hybrid	? Standard, POSReady
Windows Embedded Compact 2013	2013-08-11		Update 17 (2017-11-15)	Supported (2023-10-10)	—	CE 8.0			Standard Industry (8.0, 8.1) Handheld	Embedded

Windows IoT[edit]

The Windows IoT family is the successor to the now-discontinued Windows Embedded family.

Name	Release date	Version	RTM build	Editions	License	OS type	Status support
Windows 10 IoT	Anniversary Update	2016-08-02	NT 10.0	14393	Core	OEM	IoT	Unsupported (2018-04-10)[3]
Enterprise	Unsupported (2019-04-09)[4]
Enterprise LTSB	Supported (2026-10-13)[5]
Creators Update	2017-04-11	15063	Core	Unsupported (2018-10-09)[3]
Enterprise	Unsupported (2019-10-08)[4]
Fall Creators Update	2017-10-17	16299	Core	Unsupported (2019-04-09)[3]
Enterprise	Unsupported (2020-10-13)[4]
April 2018 Update	2018-04-30	17134	Core	Unsupported (2019-11-12)[3]
Enterprise	Unsupported (2021-05-11)[4]
October 2018 Update	2018-10-02	17763	Core	Unsupported (2020-11-10)[3]
Enterprise	Unsupported (2021-05-11)[4]
Core LTSC, Enterprise LTSC	Supported (2029-01-09)[6][7]
May 2019 Update	2019-08-29	18362	Enterprise	Unsupported (2020-12-08)[4]
November 2019 Update	2019-11-12	18363	Unsupported (2022-05-10)[4]
May 2020 Update	2020-05-27	19041	Unsupported (2021-12-14)[4]
October 2020 Update	2020-10-20	19042	Supported (2023-05-09)[4]
May 2021 Update	2021-05-18	19043	Unsupported (2022-12-13)[4]
November 2021 Update	2021-11-16	19044	Enterprise	Supported (2024-06-11)[4]
Enterprise LTSC	Supported (2032-01-13)[8]
2022 Update	2022-10-18	19045	Enterprise	Supported (2025-05-13)[4]
Windows Server IoT 2019	2019-02-26[9]	NT 10.0	17763	Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Storage Standard, Storage Workgroup, Telecommunications	OEM	IoT, Server	Supported (2029-01-09)[10][11]
Windows Server IoT 2022	2021-08-18[12][better source needed][dubious – discuss]	NT 10.0	20348	Standard, Datacenter, Storage Standard, Storage Workgroup, Telecommunications	OEM	IoT, Server	Supported (2031-10-14)[13]
Windows 11 IoT	Original Release	2021-10-04	NT 10.0	22000	Enterprise	OEM	IoT	Supported (2024-10-08)[14]
2022 Update	2022-09-20	22621	Supported (2025-10-14)[15]
Name	Release date	Version	RTM build	Editions	License	OS type	Status support

Windows Mobile[edit]

Windows Mobile is Microsoft’s discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones.

Name	Release date	RTM build	Current version	Status support	Codename	Based on (kernel)	Supported architectures
Windows Pocket PC 2000	2000-04-19			Unsupported (2007-10-09)	Raiper	CE 3.0
Windows Pocket PC 2002	2001-10-04			Unsupported (2008-10-14)	Merlin	CE 3.0
Windows Mobile 2003	2003-06-23			Unsupported (2014-07-08)	Ozone	CE 4.20
Windows Mobile 5.0	2005-05-9/12			Unsupported (2015-10-13)	Magneto	CE 5.0
Windows Mobile 6.0	2007-02-12			Unsupported (2013-01-08)	Crossbow	CE 5.2
Windows Mobile 6.1	2008-04-01
Windows Mobile 6.5	2009-05-11

Windows Phone[edit]

Windows Phone is Microsoft’s discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones.

Name	Release date	RTM build	Current version	Status support	Codename	Based on (kernel)	Supported architectures
Windows Phone 7	2010-11-08	7004	7.10.8862	Unsupported	Photon	CE 6.0	ARM
Windows Phone 7.5	2011-09-27	7720	Unsupported	Mango	CE 6.1	ARM
Windows Phone 7.8	2013-02-01	8858	Unsupported (2014-10-14)	Tango	CE 6.1	ARM
Windows Phone 8	2012-10-29	10211	10.0.10586	Unsupported (2014-07-08)	Apollo, Portico	NT 6.2	ARM[citation needed]
Windows Phone 8.1	2014-04-14	12359	Unsupported (2017-07-11)	Blue	NT 6.3	ARM
Windows 10 Mobile	2015-11-08	10586–16299	Unsupported	Threshold, Redstone	NT 10.0	ARM

Technical information[edit]

DOS shells[edit]

Name	Architecture	Integrated firewall	SMP support	USB support	UDMA support	LFN support	Update management	APIs	Safe Mode
Windows 1.0	x86 16-bit	No	No	No	No	No	No	Win16	No
Windows 2.0	x86 16-bit	No	No	No	No	No	No	Win16	No
Windows 2.1x	x86 16-bit	No	No	No	No	No	No	Win16	No
Windows 3.0	x86 16-bit	No	No	No	No	No	No	Win16	No
Windows 3.1x	x86 16-bit (partial 32-bit compatibility through Win32s)	No	No	No	No	No	No	Win16, Win32s	No

Windows 9x[edit]

Name	Kernel	Kernel type	Architecture	Integrated firewall	SMP support	USB support	UDMA support	LFN support	Update management	APIs	DDIs	Safe Mode	DirectX
Windows 95	MS-DOS 7.0 (Win95, Win95A), MS-DOS 7.1 (Win95B, Win95C)	Monolithic kernel	x86, hybrid 16/32-bit	No	No	Partial (OSR 2.1/2.5 only)[16]	No	Yes	Windows Update	Win16, Win32	DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (USB-only), direct-access	Yes	N/A (RTM/OSR1) 2.0a (OSR2/2.1) 5.0 (OSR2.5) 8.0a (optional)
Windows 98	MS-DOS 7.1	Monolithic kernel	x86, hybrid 16/32-bit	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Windows Update	Win16, Win32	DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access	Yes	5.2 9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)
Windows 98 Second Edition	MS-DOS 7.1	Monolithic kernel	x86, hybrid 16/32-bit	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Windows Update	Win16, Win32	DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access	Yes	6.1a 9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)
Windows Me	MS-DOS 8.0	Monolithic kernel	x86, hybrid 16/32-bit	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Windows Update	Win16, Win32	DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access	Yes	7.1 9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)

It is possible to install the MS-DOS variants 7.0 and 7.1 without the graphics user interface of Windows. If an independent installation of both, DOS and Windows is desired, DOS ought to be installed prior to Windows, at the start of a small partition. The system must be transferred by the (dangerous) «SYSTEM» DOS-command, while the other files constituting DOS can simply be copied (the files located in the DOS-root and the entire COMMAND directory). Such a stand-alone installation of MS-DOS 8 is not possible, as it is designed to work as real mode for Windows Me and nothing else.

Windows NT[edit]

The Windows NT kernel powers all recent Windows operating systems. It has run on IA-32, x64, DEC Alpha, MIPS architecture, PowerPC, Itanium, ARMv7, and ARM64 processors, but currently supported versions run on IA-32, x64, ARMv7, and ARM64.

Name	Architecture	Store	Integrated firewall	SMP support	USB support	UDMA support	Long filename support	Package management	Update management	APIs	DDIs	Safe Mode	Data Execution Prevention	DirectX
Windows NT 3.1	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS	—	No	Yes	No	?	Yes (NTFS and HPFS volumes only)	—		Win32, OS/2, POSIX	DLL, KMD	No	No	No
Windows NT 3.5	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS	—	No	Yes	No	?	Yes (except on CDFS volumes)	—		Win32, OS/2, POSIX	DLL, KMD	No	No	No
Windows NT 3.51	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	—	No	Yes	No	?	Yes (except on CDFS volumes)	—		Win32, OS/2, POSIX	DLL, KMD	No	No	No
Windows NT 4.0	IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC	—	No	Yes	Yes (if the Ion USB update is installed)	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update (if Internet Explorer 5 or later is installed)	Win32, OS/2, POSIX	DLL, KMD	No	No	Yes 3.0a, 5.0 (unofficial)
Windows 2000	IA-32	—	No	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP4)[17]	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, OS/2, POSIX	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF	Yes	No	Yes 7.0, 9.0c (Feb 2010) (optional)
Windows XP	IA-32 (NT5.1), Itanium (NT5.1/5.2), x64 (NT5.2)	—	Yes	Yes (Professional Edition only)	Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP1+)[18]	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes (in SP2)	Yes 9.0c
Windows Server 2003	IA-32, Itanium, x64	—	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0)[19]	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes (with SP1)	Yes 9.0c
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs	IA-32	—	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 9.0c
Windows Vista	IA-32, x64	Windows Marketplace	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0)	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET, POSIX (only Enterprise and Ultimate)	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 10.1 11.0 (optional)
Windows Server 2008	IA-32, Itanium, x64	—	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0)	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 10.1 11.0 (optional)
Windows Home Server	IA-32	—	?	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0)	?	Yes	—	Windows Update	Win32	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	?	?	Yes 9.0c
Windows 7	IA-32, x64	—	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.0 11.1 (optional)
Windows Server 2008 R2	Itanium, x64	—	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	—	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.0 11.1 (optional)
Windows Home Server 2011	x64	—	?	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	?	Yes	—	Windows Update	Win32	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	?	?	Yes 11.0 11.1 (optional)
Windows Server 2012	x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET, WinRT	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.1
Windows 8	IA-32, x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store	Windows Update, WSUS	Win32, .NET, WinRT	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.1
Windows 8.1	IA-32, x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store, PowerShell	Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store	Win32, .NET, WinRT	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.2
Windows Server 2012 R2	x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.0)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store	Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store	Win32, .NET, WinRT	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2	Yes	Yes	Yes 11.2
Windows 10	IA-32, x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.1 and Thunderbolt 3)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store, PowerShell	Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store	Win32, .NET, WinRT, Linux	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2	Yes	Yes	Yes 12
Windows Server 2016	x64	Windows Store	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 3.1 and Thunderbolt 3)	Yes	Yes	Windows Store	Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store	Win32, .NET, WinRT	DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2	Yes	Yes	Yes 12

Windows Phone[edit]

Name	Architecture	Integrated firewall	SMP support	USB support	UDMA support	Package management	APIs
Windows Phone 8	ARMv7	Yes	Yes	Yes (USB 2.0)	Yes	Windows Phone Store	Silverlight
Windows Phone 8.1	ARMv7	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Windows Phone Store	Silverlight WinRT
Windows 10 Mobile	ARMv7	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Microsoft Store

Supported file systems[edit]

Various versions of Windows support various file systems, including:FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, HPFS, or NTFS, along with network file systems shared from other computers, and the ISO 9660 and UDF file systems used for CDs, DVDs, and other optical disc drives such as Blu-ray. Each file system is usually limited in application to certain media, for example CDs must use ISO 9660 or UDF, and as of Windows Vista, NTFS is the only file system which the operating system can be installed on. Windows Embedded CE 6.0, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, and Windows Server 2008 onwards support exFAT, a file system more suitable for USB flash drives.

Windows 9x[edit]

	FAT12	FAT16	FAT32	HPFS	ISO 9660	NTFS	UDF
Windows 95	Yes	Yes	Yes (OSR2 or above)	Network Drive	Yes	Network Drive	No
Windows 98	Yes	Yes	Yes	Network Drive	Yes	Network Drive	Yes (1.5, read)
Windows Me	Yes	Yes	Yes	Network Drive	Yes	Network Drive	Yes (1.5, read)

Windows NT[edit]

	FAT12	FAT16	FAT32	HPFS	ISO 9660	NTFS	exFAT	UDF	ReFS
Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, 3.51	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes v1.0/v1.1	No	?	No
Windows NT 4.0	Yes	Yes	No	Partial	Yes	Yes v1.2	No	?	No
Windows 2000	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v3.0	No	Yes	No
Windows XP	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v3.1	Optional	Yes (2.01)	No
Windows Server 2003	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v3.1	Optional	Yes	No
Windows Vista	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	No
Windows Server 2008	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes	No
Windows 7	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows Server 2008 R2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows Server 2012	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows 8	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	No
Windows 8.1	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows Server 2012 R2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows 10	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes
Windows Server 2016	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes v5	Yes	Yes (2.6)	Yes

Windows Phone[edit]

	FAT12	FAT16	FAT32	HPFS	ISO 9660	NTFS	UDF (More Info)	ReFS
Windows Phone 8	?	Yes	Yes	No	?	Yes v5	?	No
Windows Phone 8.1	?	Yes	Yes	No	?	Yes v5	?	No
Windows 10 Mobile	?	Yes	Yes	No	?	Yes v5	?	?

Hardware requirements[edit]

Installing Windows requires an internal or external optical drive, or a USB flash drive. A keyboard and mouse are the recommended input devices, though some versions support a touchscreen. For operating systems prior to Vista, an optical drive must be capable of reading CD media, while in Windows Vista onwards, such a drive must be DVD-compatible. The drive may be detached after installing Windows.

Windows 9x[edit]

	CPU	RAM	Free disk space
Windows 95	386	4 MB	120 MB
Windows 98	486 DX2 66 MHz	16 MB	300 MB
Windows Me (Millennium Edition)	Pentium 150 MHz	32 MB	400 MB

Windows NT[edit]

Version	CPU	RAM	Free disk space	Video adapter and monitor
Minimum	Recommended
Windows NT 3.51 Workstation	386, 25 MHz	8 MB	16 MB	90 MB	VGA (640×480)
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation	486, 33 MHz	12 MB	?	110 MB
Windows 2000 Professional	133 MHz	32 MB	128 MB	650 MB
Windows XP	233 MHz	64 MB	128 MB	1.5 GB	Super VGA (800×600)
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs	500 MB
Windows XP 64-Bit Edition	700 MHz Itanium[20]	1 GB[20]	?	6 GB[20]
Windows Server 2003	1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64)	128 MB	256 MB	2 GB (x86) 4 GB (x64)
Windows Vista	800 MHz	384 MB (Starter) 512 MB (others)[21][dubious – discuss]	2 GB	15 GB (~6.5 GB for OS)	Super VGA (800×600) WDDM & DirectX 9 for Aero
Windows Server 2008	1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64)	2 GB	10 GB
Windows 7	1 GHz	1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64)	4 GB	16 GB (x86) 20 GB (x64) (~6.5 GB for OS)
Windows Server 2012	1.4 GHz (x86-64)	512 MB	1 GB	10 GB	Super VGA (800×600), 32-bit color
Windows 8	1 GHz	1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64)	4 GB	16 GB (x86) 20 GB (x64) (~6.5 GB for OS)	Super VGA (800×600), 32-bit color 1024 x 768 for Windows Store apps 1366 x 768 to snap apps
Windows 8.1
Windows 10	1 GHz or faster processor or SoC	1 GB (x86) 2 GB (x64)	4 GB	16 GB (x86) 20 GB (x64)	Super VGA (800×600), 32-bit color
Windows Server 2016	1.4 GHz 64-bit processor	512 MB ECC memory 2 GB with Desktop Experience installed[22]	depends on role	32 GB (~10 GB for OS)	XGA (1024 x 768)
Windows Server 2019	1.4 GHz 64-bit processor	512 MB ECC memory 2 GB with Desktop Experience installed[22]	depends on role	32 GB	XGA (1024 x 768)
Windows Server 2022	1.4 GHz 64-bit processor	512 MB ECC memory 2 GB with Desktop Experience installed[23]	depends on role	32 GB	Super VGA (1024 x 768)
Windows 11	64-bit 1 GHz or faster processor or SoC with two or more cores	4 GB	—	64 GB (~10 GB for OS)	720p greater than 9″ diagonally, 32-bit color

Windows Phone[edit]

Version	CPU	RAM	Free disk space	Video adapter and monitor
Minimum	Recommended
Windows Phone 7	0.8 GHz	256 MB	—	4 GB	Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows Phone 8	1 GHz	512 MB	—	8 GB	Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows Phone 8.1	1 GHz	512 MB	—	4 GB	Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows 10 Mobile	1 GHz	1 GB	2 GB	8 GB	Wide VGA (800 × 480)

Physical memory limits[edit]

Maximum limits on physical memory (RAM) that Windows can address vary depending on both the Windows version and between IA-32 and x64 versions.^[24][25]

Windows[edit]

Operating system	Limit on Real Mode	Limit on Standard Mode	Limit on Enhanced Mode
Windows 1.0x	640 KB	—	—
Windows 2.0x	640 KB	—	16MB
Windows 2.1x	640 + 64 KB	—	16MB
Windows 3.0x	640 + 64 KB	16MB	16MB
Windows 3.1x	—	256MB[26]	256MB[26]
Windows 95	—	—	944MB[27]
Windows 98	—	—	1GB
Windows ME	—	—	1.5GB

Windows NT[edit]

Operating system	Limit on IA-32	Limit in IA-64	Limit on x64	Limit on ARM32	Limit on ARM64
Windows NT 3.1	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows NT 3.5	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows NT 3.51	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows NT 4.0	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows 2000 Professional/Server	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows 2000 Advanced Server	8 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows 2000 Datacenter	32 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows XP Starter	512 MB	—	—	—	—
Windows XP Home	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows XP Professional	4 GB	128 GB	128 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 RTM Web	2 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows Server 2003 RTM Standard/Small Business	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows Server 2003 RTM Enterprise/Datacenter	64 GB	512 GB	—	—	—
Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003	—	32 GB	—	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP1 Standard	4 GB	—	32 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP1 Enterprise/Datacenter	64 GB	1 TB	1 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP2 Standard	4GB	—	32 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP2 Enterprise/Datacenter	64 GB	2 TB	1 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R2/SP1 Standard	4 GB	—	32 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2003 R2/SP1 Enterprise/Datacenter	64 GB	—	1 TB	—	—
Windows Vista Starter	1 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows Vista Home Basic	4 GB	—	8 GB	—	—
Windows Vista Home Premium	4 GB	—	16 GB	—	—
Windows Vista Business/Enterprise/Ultimate	4 GB	—	128 GB	—	—
Windows Home Server	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows Server 2008 Web Server/Standard/Small Business	4 GB	—	32 GB	—	—
Windows HPC Server 2008	—	—	128 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 Enterprise/Datacenter	64 GB	—	1 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 for Itanium–Based Systems	—	2 TB	—	—	—
Windows 7 Starter	2 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows 7 Home Basic	4 GB	—	8 GB	—	—
Windows 7 Home Premium	4 GB	—	16 GB	—	—
Windows 7 Professional/Enterprise/Ultimate	4 GB	—	192 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation	—	—	8 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Server/Standard	—	—	32 GB	—	—
Windows HPC Server 2008 R2	—	—	128 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise/Datacenter	—	—	2 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium–Based Systems	—	2 TB	—	—	—
Windows 8 (Core)	4 GB	—	128 GB	—	—
Windows 8 Pro/Enterprise	4 GB	—	512 GB	—	—
Windows RT	—	—	—	4 GB	—
Windows Server 2012 Standard/Datacenter	—	—	4 TB	—	—
Windows Storage Server 2012 Standard	—	—	4 TB	—	—
Windows Storage Server 2012 Workgroup	—	—	32 GB	—	—
Hyper-V Server 2012	—	—	4 TB	—	—
Windows 8.1 (Core)	4 GB	—	128 GB	—	—
Windows 8.1 Pro/Enterprise	4 GB	—	512 GB	—	—
Windows RT 8.1	—	—	—	4 GB	—
Windows 10 Mobile	4 GB	—	—	—	—
Windows 10 Home	4 GB	—	128 GB	4 GB	128 GB
Windows 10 Pro	4 GB	—	2 TB	4 GB	2 TB
Windows 10 Pro for Workstations	4 GB	—	6 TB	4 GB	6 TB
Windows 10 Education	4 GB	—	2 TB	4 GB	2 TB
Windows 10 Enterprise	4 GB	—	6 TB	4 GB	6 TB
Windows Server 2016 Essentials	—	—	64 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2016 Standard	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2016 Datacenter	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2019 Essentials	—	—	64 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2019 Standard	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2019 Datacenter	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2022 Essentials	—	—	64 GB	—	—
Windows Server 2022 Standard	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows Server 2022 Datacenter	—	—	24 TB	—	—
Windows 11 Home	—	—	128 GB	—	128 GB
Windows 11 Pro	—	—	2 TB	—	2 TB
Windows 11 Pro for Workstations	—	—	6 TB	—	6 TB
Windows 11 Education	—	—	2 TB	—	2 TB
Windows 11 Enterprise	—	—	6 TB	—	6 TB

Security features[edit]

	Resource access control	Subsystem isolation mechanisms	Integrated firewall	Encrypted file systems	Defender	Windows Hello
Windows 2000	ACLs		TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes (NTFS only)	No	No
Windows XP	ACLs	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall (from SP2), TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes (NTFS only)	Optional	No
Windows Server 2003	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Optional	No
Windows Vista	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows Server 2008	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows 7	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows Server 2012	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows 8	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows Server 2012 R2	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows 8.1	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	No
Windows 10	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	Yes
Windows Server 2016	ACLs, Privileges, RBAC	Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects	Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec	Yes	Yes	Yes

Features[edit]

Version	Shell	Visual styles	Browser	Web server	Windows Media Player	Command-line interpreter
Windows 1.0	MS-DOS executive	(Unnamed)	—	—	—	—
Windows 2.0	MS-DOS executive	(Unnamed)	—	—	—	—
Windows 3.0	Program Manager	(Unnamed)	—	—	3.0 (Multimedia Extension edition only)	—
Windows 3.1x	Program Manager	(Unnamed)	—	—	3.1	—
Windows 95	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 1 in OEM RTM Internet Explorer 2 in OSR1 Internet Explorer 3 in OSR2 and OSR2.1 Internet Explorer 4 in OSR2.5	—	4.0	COMMAND.COM
Windows NT 4.0	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 2 Internet Explorer 3 (in some localized editions)	PWS	4.0	COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE
Windows 98	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 4.01	PWS	4.0	COMMAND.COM
Windows 98 SE	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 5	PWS	4.0	COMMAND.COM
Windows 2000	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 5.01	IIS 5.0	5.0 and 6.4 (side by side)	COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE
Windows Me	Windows shell	Classic	Internet Explorer 5.5	—	6.4 and 7.0 (side by side)	COMMAND.COM
Windows XP	Windows shell	Luna (default), Classic	Internet Explorer 6	IIS 5.1	5.1, 6.4 and 8 (in RTM) 5.1, 6.4 and 9 (in SP2)	COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell (optional)
Windows Server 2003	Windows shell	Classic (default), Luna	Internet Explorer 6	IIS 6.0	9 (in RTM), 10 (in SP1)	COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell (optional)
Windows Vista	Windows shell	Aero (default), Classic	Internet Explorer 7	IIS 7	11	COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell (optional)
Windows Server 2008	Windows shell, Server Core	Classic (default), Aero (via «Desktop Experience»)	Internet Explorer 7	IIS 7	11 (enabled by installing «Desktop Experience»)	COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell (optional)
Windows 7	Windows shell	Aero (default), Classic	Internet Explorer 8	IIS 7.5	12	COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell v2.0
Windows Server 2008 R2	Windows shell, Server Core	Classic (default), Aero (via «Desktop Experience»)	Internet Explorer 8	IIS 7.5	12 (via «Desktop Experience»)	CMD.EXE, PowerShell v2.0
Windows Server 2012	Windows shell, Server Core	Metro	Internet Explorer 10	IIS 8	12 (via «Desktop Experience»)	CMD.EXE, PowerShell v3.0
Windows 8	Windows shell	Metro	Internet Explorer 10	IIS 8	12	COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell v3.0
Windows Server 2012 R2	Windows shell, Windows server core	Metro	Internet Explorer 11	IIS 8.5	12 (via «Desktop Experience»)	CMD.EXE, PowerShell v4.0
Windows 8.1	Windows shell	Metro	Internet Explorer 11	IIS 8.5	12	COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell v4.0
Windows 10	Windows shell	Metro	Internet Explorer 11 Microsoft Edge 12-13	IIS 10.0	12	COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE, PowerShell v5.0
Windows Server 2016	Windows shell, Windows server core	Metro	Internet Explorer 11 Microsoft Edge 13	IIS 10.0	12 (via «Desktop Experience»)	CMD.EXE, PowerShell v5.0
Windows Server 2019	Windows shell, Windows server core	Metro	Internet Explorer 11 Microsoft Edge 13	IIS 10.0	12 (via «Desktop Experience»)	CMD.EXE, PowerShell v5.0

Timeline[edit]

See also[edit]

Other lists[edit]

• List of Microsoft Windows versions
• List of operating systems
• Comparison of operating systems
• Comparison of kernels
• Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP
• History of Microsoft Windows
• Comparison of DOS operating systems
• Architecture of the Windows NT operating system line
• Microsoft codenames

Windows clones and emulators[edit]

• Freedows OS–Windows clone
• ReactOS–project to develop an operating system that is binary compatible with application software and device drivers for Microsoft Windows NT version 5.x
• Wine (software)–compatibility layer which allows to execute programs that were originally written for Microsoft Windows

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Time line from Microsoft