Какой powerpoint подходит для windows 7

	Категория:	Программа подготовки презентаций
Поддерживаемые ОС:	Windows 7
Разрядность:	32 bit, 64 bit, x32, x64
Для устройств:	Компьютер
Язык интерфейса:	На Русском
Версия:	Бесплатно
Разработчик:	Microsoft

Для комфортной и быстрой работы необходимо скачать PowerPoint для Windows 7 – лучшая программа для создания и просмотра презентаций и слайдов. Ppt входит в состав пакета Microsoft office, поэтому совместим с другими программами Word и Excel, PowerPoint постоянно обновляется, предоставляя пользователям расширенные возможности.

Microsoft PowerPoint для Виндовс 7 на компьютер

Microsoft Office PowerPoint удобен как для продвинутых, так и для начинающих пользователей. Для первых программа предоставляет множество необычных функций и параметров, для вторых – легкие шаблоны и темы для работы с презентациями. Если же необходимо создание слайдов на определенную тему, есть возможность скачать дополнительные шаблоны и оформление. Работать в Ppt достаточно легко, программа предоставляет различные полезные инструменты, а также возможность создавать презентации со звуком, музыкой, анимацией и видео вставками. Для оптимальной работы можно импортировать данные из других составных Microsoft office.

PowerPoint позволяет легко вносить правки в файл, а также работать совместно с другими пользователями. Ppt поможет произвести впечатление на слушателей, дополнив рассказ красочной, информативной, необычной, зрелищной, спокойной презентацией на любую тему. Таким образом, информация визуализируется, что дает гарантию не остаться незамеченным.

Microsoft PowerPoint для версий windows:

PowerPoint для Windows 10 PowerPoint для Windows 8

PowerPoint для Windows 7 PowerPoint для Windows XP

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Скачать PowerPoint для Windows 7 бесплатно

Приложение	OS	Формат	Версия	Загрузка
Microsoft PowerPoint 2016	Windows 7	x32	Бесплатно (на русском)	Скачать ↓
Microsoft PowerPoint 2013	Windows 7	x32	Бесплатно (на русском)	Скачать ↓
Microsoft PowerPoint 2010	Windows 7	x32	Бесплатно (на русском)	Скачать ↓
Microsoft PowerPoint 2007	Windows 7	x32 — x64	Бесплатно (на русском)	Скачать ↓
Microsoft PowerPoint 2003	Windows 7	x32 — x64	Бесплатно (на русском)	Скачать ↓

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Как установить PowerPoint для windows 7:

Запустите установочный файл.

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PowerPoint распространен во всем мире и является самой популярной программой для создания, редактирования и просмотра презентаций. Это связано с ее эффективной работой, удобным интерфейсом, расширенными возможностями. Насыщен инструментами и обладает неограниченным количеством слайдов, что позволяет создать доклад любой длительности.

Даже если у вас нет последней версии PowerPoint, вы можете открывать и работать с более старыми файлами PowerPoint. Если у вас есть последняя версия, режим совместимости также позволяет работать с более старыми форматами файлов. Вы также можете запустить проверку совместимости, чтобы убедиться, что в презентации нет проблем с совместимостью и если вам больше не нужна совместимость с более ранними версиями PowerPoint, можно преобразовать презентацию в файл текущего типа.

Дополнительные сведения о режиме совместимости см. в сведениях о режиме совместимости в PowerPoint.

Включить режим совместимости

Сохранение презентации PowerPoint (PPTX) в более ранней версии, например PowerPoint 97–2003 (PPT), автоматически включает режим совместимости.

1. Откройте PowerPoint презентации.

2. На вкладке «Файл» нажмите кнопку «Сохранить как»и выберите «Обзор».

3. В диалоговом окне «Сохранить как» в списке «Тип сохранения» выберите презентацию PowerPoint 97–2003 (PPT).

4. Нажмите кнопку Сохранить.

   Примечание: Нажав кнопку «Сохранить», вы можете получить оповещение о проверке совместимости, как по ссылке ниже, с уведомлением о том, какие возможности могут быть потеряны или ухудшены при сохранении презентации в более ранней версии.

   

5. Откройте файл в более ранней версии PowerPoint.

   Примечание: Чтобы узнать, какие функции PowerPoint могут измениться или стать недоступными, см. статью «Возможности PowerPoint 2013 и 2016″в более ранних версиях.

Отключение режима совместимости

Чтобы отключить режим совместимости, просто сохраните презентацию в формате PowerPoint (PPTX).

1. Откройте презентацию в PowerPoint.

2. На вкладке «Файл» нажмите кнопку «Сохранить как»и выберите «Обзор».

3. В диалоговом окне «Сохранить как» в списке «Тип сохранения» выберите «Презентация PowerPoint (PPTX)».

4. Нажмите кнопку Сохранить.

Запуск проверки совместимости

Чтобы убедиться, что в презентации нет проблем совместимости, которые приводят к снижению функциональности или функциональность в более ранних версиях PowerPoint, запустите проверку совместимости. С помощью проверки совместимости можно найти все потенциальные проблемы совместимости в презентации и создать отчет для их устранения.

1. Откройте презентацию, которую вы хотите проверить на совместимость.

2. Щелкните файл >, а затем рядом с кнопкой «Проверка презентации» нажмите кнопку «>проверка совместимости».

   Примечание: Чтобы проверять совместимость презентации при каждом сохранении, в диалоговом окне «Проверка совместимости Microsoft PowerPoint» выберите «Проверка совместимости при сохранении в форматах PowerPoint 97–2003″.

Преобразование презентации в более поздней версии PowerPoint

Если вам больше не нужно работать в режиме совместимости из-за обновления до более поздней версии или вы хотите использовать все возможности PowerPoint, вы можете преобразовать презентацию PowerPoint 97–2003 в файл, отформатированный для вашей версии PowerPoint. При преобразовании презентация сохраняется в PPTX-файле.

1. В PowerPoint откройте презентацию, которую вы хотите преобразовать в PowerPoint формате.

   Презентация автоматически откроется в режиме совместимости.

2. Щелкните файл в > .

3. В режиме совместимости нажмитекнопку «Преобразовать»,а затем в диалоговом окне «Сохранить как» нажмите кнопку «Сохранить как».

Включить режим совместимости

Сохранение презентации PowerPoint (PPTX) в более ранней версии, например PowerPoint 97–2003 (PPT), автоматически включает режим совместимости.

1. Откройте PowerPoint презентации.

2. На вкладке Файл выберите команду Сохранить как.

3. В диалоговом окне «Сохранить как» в списке «Тип сохранения» выберите презентацию PowerPoint 97–2003 (PPT).

4. Нажмите кнопку Сохранить.

   Примечание: Нажав кнопку «Сохранить», вы можете получить оповещение о проверке совместимости, как по ссылке ниже, с уведомлением о том, какие возможности могут быть потеряны или ухудшены при сохранении презентации в более ранней версии.

   

5. Откройте файл в более ранней версии PowerPoint.

Отключение режима совместимости

Чтобы отключить режим совместимости, просто сохраните презентацию в формате PowerPoint (PPTX).

1. Откройте презентацию в PowerPoint.

2. На вкладке Файл выберите команду Сохранить как.

3. В диалоговом окне «Сохранить как» в списке «Тип сохранения» выберите «Презентация PowerPoint (PPTX)».

4. Нажмите кнопку Сохранить.

Запуск проверки совместимости

Чтобы убедиться, что в презентации нет проблем совместимости, которые приводят к снижению функциональности или функциональность в более ранних версиях PowerPoint, запустите проверку совместимости. С помощью проверки совместимости можно найти все потенциальные проблемы совместимости в презентации и создать отчет для их устранения.

1. Откройте презентацию, которую вы хотите проверить на совместимость.

2. Щелкните файл,а затем рядом с кнопкой «Подготовить к совместному доступу» нажмите кнопку «>проверки совместимости».

   Примечание: Чтобы проверять совместимость презентации при каждом сохранении, в диалоговом окне «Проверка совместимости Microsoft PowerPoint» выберите «Проверка совместимости при сохранении в форматах PowerPoint 97–2003″.

Преобразование презентации в более поздней версии PowerPoint

Если вам больше не нужно работать в режиме совместимости из-за обновления до более поздней версии или вы хотите использовать все возможности PowerPoint, презентацию PowerPoint 97–2003 можно преобразовать в файл, отформатированный для вашей версии PowerPoint. При преобразовании презентация сохраняется в PPTX-файле.

1. В PowerPoint 2010 откройте презентацию, которую вы хотите преобразовать в PowerPoint 2010 формате.

   Презентация автоматически откроется в режиме совместимости.

2. Щелкните файл,а затем рядом с режимом совместимости нажмитекнопку «Преобразовать». Если вы получили сообщение о преобразовании презентаций, нажмите кнопку «ОК».

3. Нажмите кнопку Сохранить.

Включить режим совместимости

Сохранение презентации PowerPoint (PPTX) в более ранней версии, например PowerPoint 97–2003 (PPT), автоматически включает режим совместимости.

1. Откройте PowerPoint презентации.

2. Нажмите кнопку Microsoft Office , а затем щелкните Сохранить как.

3. В диалоговом окне «Сохранить как» в списке «Тип сохранения» выберите презентацию PowerPoint 97–2003 (PPT).

4. Нажмите кнопку Сохранить.

Важно: Возможности, указанные ниже, недоступны в PowerPoint 2007, поэтому при сохранение файла PowerPoint 97–2003, который содержит данные, связанные с этими функциями в PowerPoint 2007, данные будут окончательно потеряны:

• Широковещательный показ презентации

• редактор скриптов (Майкрософт)

• Публикация и подписка

• Отправить на проверку

Отключение режима совместимости

1. Откройте презентацию, созданную в более ранней версии PowerPoint.

2. Нажмите кнопку Microsoft Office , а затем щелкните Сохранить как.

3. В диалоговом окне «Сохранить как» в списке «Тип сохранения» выберите «Презентация PowerPoint (PPTX)».

4. Нажмите кнопку Сохранить.

Запуск проверки совместимости

Чтобы убедиться, что в презентации нет проблем совместимости, которые приводят к снижению функциональности или функциональность в более ранних версиях PowerPoint, запустите проверку совместимости. С помощью проверки совместимости можно найти все потенциальные проблемы совместимости в презентации и создать отчет для их устранения.

1. Откройте презентацию, которую вы хотите проверить на совместимость.

2. Нажмите кнопку Microsoft Office» , найдите пункт «Подготовить»и нажмите кнопку «Запустить проверку совместимости».

   Примечание: Чтобы проверять совместимость презентации при каждом сохранении презентации, в диалоговом окне Microsoft Office средства проверки совместимости PowerPoint, в диалоговом окне «Проверка совместимости» выберите «Проверка совместимости при сохранении в форматах PowerPoint 97–2003″.

Преобразование презентации в более поздней версии PowerPoint

Если вам больше не нужно работать в режиме совместимости из-за обновления до более поздней версии или вы хотите использовать все возможности PowerPoint, вы можете преобразовать презентацию PowerPoint 97–2003 в файл, отформатированный для вашей версии PowerPoint. При преобразовании презентация сохраняется в PPTX-файле.

1. В PowerPoint 2007 откройте презентацию, которую вы хотите преобразовать в PowerPoint 2007 формате.

   Презентация автоматически откроется в режиме совместимости.

2. Нажмите кнопку Microsoft Office и выберите Преобразовать. Если вы получили сообщение о преобразовании презентаций, нажмите кнопку «ОК».

   Если вы не хотите снова видеть сообщение о преобразовании презентаций, выберите «Больше не спрашивать о преобразовании документов».

Дополнительные сведения

Режим совместимости в PowerPoint

Microsoft PowerPoint

Программа	ОС	Разрядность	Интерфейс	Загрузка
Microsoft PowerPoint 2021	для Windows	32-bit — 64-bit	на русском !	скачать
Microsoft PowerPoint 2020	для Windows	32-bit — 64-bit	на русском	скачать
Microsoft PowerPoint 2019	для Windows	32-bit — 64-bit	на русском	скачать
Microsoft PowerPoint 2016	для Windows	32-bit — 64-bit	на русском	скачать
Microsoft PowerPoint 2013	для Windows	32-bit — 64-bit	на русском	скачать
Microsoft PowerPoint 2010	для Windows	32-bit — 64-bit	на русском	скачать
Microsoft PowerPoint 2007	для Windows	32-bit — 64-bit	на русском	скачать
Microsoft PowerPoint 2003	для Windows	32-bit — 64-bit	на русском	скачать

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Microsoft PowerPoint — профессиональное программное средство для создания анимированных презентаций, их оформления и демонстрации на экране компьютера или ноутбука, монитора или мультимедийного проектора. Приложение PowerPoint предоставляет интуитивную, кастомизируемую оболочку для создания качественного, продуманного анимационного контента как для каждого слайда в отдельности (переходы, эффекты, формат фона), так и для всей презентации в целом (слайд-шоу с произвольной или последовательной сменой кадров, выбор темы и вариантов представления графики в конструкторе).

Базовые опции и возможности мастера презентаций PowerPoint

Редактор PowerPoint предоставляет следующие функциональные компоненты и средства, доступные при генерировании и оформлении творческих проектов:

• достаточно обильная библиотека встроенных макетов, обеспечивающая различные варианты структуры и компоновки дискретных слайдов. Каждый слайд можно сконфигурировать в отдельности, что придаст вашей демонстрации изящества, тонкости и индивидуализированного стиля
• наличие общих для всех компонентов пакета Microsoft Office средств форматирования, среди которых такие инструменты, как: выбор гарнитуры, начертания текста, регистра; увеличение или уменьшение размера шрифта; добавление маркеров, нумерации; задание межстрочного интервала и выравнивания; преобразование текста слайда в элемент SmartArt и прочие фишки
• добавление к содержимому различных объектов: таблиц, рисунков, изображений из Интернета, снимков экрана, графики из фотоальбома; трехмерных моделей, фигур, диаграмм; ссылок, примечаний, а также мультимедиа-компонентов и кастомных символов, недоступных при наборе с клавиатуры
• детальное конфигурирование переходов, где можно вручную указать звук, издаваемый при смене сцены, длительность отображения кадров, а также выбрать способ переключения между композициями: автоматически (по истечении заданного периода), либо вручную (по щелчку мыши)
• указание фактической области анимации, а также применяемых к ней эффектов и триггеров (определенных начальных условий для срабатывания выбранного эффекта). Более того, доступно указание задержки при смене графических сцен
• запись и детальная настройка слайд-шоу, применимого к активной презентации PowerPoint. Среди вспомогательных опций присутствует воспроизведение закадрового текста и указание времени показа композиционных элементов
• создание макросов для автоматизации рутинных процедур и операций. Макросы могут вызываться как при выборе настроенной последовательности из меню, так и посредством используемой комбинации клавиш
• продвинутый ассистент, позволяющий получить развернутые сведения о неизвестных вам функциях и модулях. Помощник PowerPoint доступен непосредственно на главной панели редактора и способен генерировать прямые ссылки на новейшие, недавно добавленные в интерфейс инструменты и программные решения.

На нашем портале вы можете выбрать наиболее актуальную для ваших нужд ревизию PowerPoint без регистрации и создания аккаунта для доступа к скачиваемому софту. Каждая доступная на ресурсе версия приложения сопровождается детальными системными требованиями.

Программа Microsoft Power Point – как скачать и установить на компьютер

PowerPoint – офисный пакет для создания презентаций. Он упрощает работу по созданию слайдов и показу информации. Но перед началом работы с PowerPoint нужно скачать и правильно установить приложение для создания презентаций.

Подготовка к установке

Ранние версии Power Point предоставлялись исключительно в общем пакете Microsoft Office. Для версии 2019 года действует возможность раздельного приобретения компонентов. Ознакомиться с ценами и приобрести программу можно на официальном сайте.

Подобная покупка доступна только в англоязычном магазине. В российском же можно приобрести только полный пакет офиса 365.

Для получения приложения Повер Поинт бесплатно существует всего две альтернативы: воспользоваться бесплатным пробным периодом Office 365 (срок – 30 дней) или поставить пиратскую копию. Пиратская копия – является нарушением закона, поэтому рассматриваться не будет.

Завершив процедуру покупки, пользователь получает ссылку на загрузку пакета. Можно обойтись и без покупки, тогда приобретение откладывается до первого запуска.

Во втором случае можно воспользоваться официальным сайтом и скачать пробную версию PowerPoint в Windows 7, 8, 10. Для этого нажимаем «попробовать бесплатно на месяц». После этого вводим данные своей учетной записи или регистрируем новую. Затем будет получена ссылка на скачивание пробной версии PowerPoint

Процедура установки

Закончив с загрузкой можно переходить к процессу установки Повер Поинт в Windows 7, 8, 10. Для этого потребуется:

Добавление компонента

Подразумеваем, что во время инсталляции Office в систему компонент для работы с презентациям не устанавливался. Чтобы исправить ситуацию и обновить весь пакет офиса потребуется:

Проблемы установки

Изредка возникают сбои, останавливающие работу инсталлятора. Рассмотрим самые известные из них, а также способы решения возникающих проблем.

Сбой установки. Пакет Office индивидуальных проблем не имеет. Поэтому источник проблемы следует искать не в загруженном лицензионном пакете, а в системе. Повредить процессу могут вирусы (проверка антивирусом), сильная загруженность (не использовать компьютер во время инсталляции), отключение питания (бесперебойный источник питания единственный способ предотвратить такую проблему).

Повреждения структуры каталогов. Во время бездумной чистки папки AppData пользователи часто удаляют всё содержимое. В этом каталоге находятся временные файлы и данные о настройках Office. Исправить проблему может только полная переустановка офиса (если он не запускается после подобной чистки) или копирование чужих параметров (сомнительное, но возможное решение).

Сброс активации. Редкое явление, следующее за другими проблемами. Благо, если Office куплен легально – заново ввести ключ активации не составляет проблем. Возможно, процедуру потребуется повторить несколько раз.

Индивидуальные сбои приложения. Решаются с помощью кнопки «Восстановить» в окне установки пакета. Выполняется проверка файлов и запись эталонных версий, если обнаруживается какой-либо сбой.

Источник

Установка PowerPoint

Установка любой программы выглядит достаточно простым занятием ввиду автоматизации и полной упрощенности процесса. Однако это не совсем касается установки частей Microsoft Office. Здесь все нужно делать тонко и четко.

Подготовка к установке

Сразу стоит оговориться, что не существует возможности скачать отдельное приложение MS PowerPoint. Оно абсолютно всегда идет только в составе Microsoft Office, и максимум, что может сделать человек – это установить только этот компонент, отказавшись от других. Так что если требуется установить только эту программу, то пути два:

Попытка найти и добыть в интернете отдельно эту программу чаще всего может увенчаться специфическим успехом в виде зараженности системы.

Отдельно стоит сказать про сам пакет Microsoft Office. Важно пользоваться лицензионной версией данного продукта, поскольку она стабильнее и надежнее, нежели большинство взломанных. Проблема использования пиратского Офиса заключается даже не в том, что это нелегально, что корпорация теряет деньги, а в том, что этот софт попросту нестабилен и может доставить массу неприятностей.

По указанной ссылке можно как приобрести Microsoft Office 2016, так и оформить подписку на Office 365. В обоих случаях доступна ознакомительная версия.

Установка программы

Как уже говорилось ранее, потребуется полная установка MS Office. Рассмотрен будет наиболее актуальный пакет от 2016 года.

Важно заметить, что все компоненты здесь рассортированы по разделам. Применение параметра запрета или разрешения установки к разделу распространяет выбор на все входящие в него элементы. Если же нужно отключать что-то конкретное, то нужно разворачивать разделы нажатием на кнопку с плюсиком, и там уже применять настройки к каждому необходимому элементу.

Через какое-то время установка будет завершена и Office будет готов к использованию.

Добавление PowerPoint

Также следует рассмотреть случай, когда Microsoft Office уже установлен, но в списке выбранных компонентов не выбран PowerPoint. Это не значит, что нужно переустанавливать всю программу – установщик, к счастью, предусматривает возможность добавить ранее не установленные сегменты.

Дальнейшая процедура ничем не отличается от прошлого варианта.

Известные проблемы

Как правило, установка лицензионного пакета Microsoft Office проходит без накладок. Однако могут быть и исключения. Следует рассмотреть краткий список.

Наиболее часто происходящая проблема. Сама по себе работа установщика сбивается очень редко. Чаще всего виновниками оказываются сторонние факторы – вирусы, сильная загруженность памяти, нестабильность работы ОС, аварийное выключение и так далее.

В некоторых случаях может нарушиться работоспособность программы ввиду ее фрагментации по разным кластерам. В таком случае система может потерять какие-либо критически важные компоненты и отказаться работать.

Данная проблема наиболее тесно связана с первым вариантом. Разные пользователи сообщали о том, что в процессе установки программы происходил сбой процедуры, однако система уже вносила данные в реестр о том, что все поставлено успешно. Как итог, ничто из пакета не работает, а сам компьютер упорно считает, что все стоит и работает нормально и отказывается удалять или устанавливать заново.

В такой ситуации следует попробовать функцию «Восстановить», которая появляется среди вариантов в окне, описанном в главе «Добавление PowerPoint». Это работает не всегда, в некоторых случаях приходится полностью форматировать и переустанавливать Windows.

Также с решением данной проблемы может помочь CCleaner, который способен исправлять ошибки реестра. Сообщают, что иногда он обнаруживал недействительные данные и успешно удалял их, что позволило установить Office нормально.

Самый популярный способ использования документов MS Office – нажать правой кнопкой в нужном месте и выбрать вариант «Создать», а там уже и требуемый элемент. Может случиться так, что после установки комплекта программ новые варианты не появляются в этом меню.

После некоторых обновлений или ошибок в работе системы программа может терять записи о том, что активация была успешно произведена. Итог один – Office снова начинает требовать активацию.

Также связанная с первым пунктом проблема. Иногда установленный Офис отказывается корректно сохранять документы любыми путями. Причин тому бывает две – либо произошел сбой в процессе установки программы, либо техническая папка, где приложение держит кэш и сопутствующие материалы, недоступна или функционирует неверно.

В первом случае поможет переустановка Microsoft Office.

Во втором тоже может помочь, однако следует предварительно проверить папки по адресу:

Здесь следует убедиться, что все папки для программ пакета (они носят соответствующие названия – «PowerPoint», «Word» и так далее) имеют стандартные настройки (не «Скрытые», не «Только для чтения» и т.д.). Для этого нужно нажать правой кнопкой на каждой из них и выбрать вариант свойства. Здесь следует изучить данные настройки для папки.

Также следует проверить техническую директорию, если она по каким-либо причинам не располагается по указанному адресу. Для этого нужно из любого документа войти во вкладку «Файл».

Здесь выбрать «Параметры».

В открывшемся окне перейти в раздел «Сохранение». Здесь нас интересует пункт «Каталог данных для автовосстановления». По указанному адресу расположен конкретно этот раздел, но там же должны находиться и остальные рабочие папки. Следует найти и проверить их указанным выше способом.

Заключение

В конце хотелось бы сказать, что для снижения угрозы целостности документов стоит всегда пользоваться лицензионной версией от Microsoft. Взломанные варианты абсолютно всегда имеют определенные нарушения структуры, поломки и всевозможные недостатки, которые, даже если не видно с первого запуска, могут дать о себе знать в дальнейшем.

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Источник

Устанавливаем PowerPoint

PowerPoint – это программа для создания и редактирования презентаций, входящая в пакет Microsoft Office. У более-менее опытного пользователя установка обычной программы на Windows не должна вызывать никаких вопросов, но это не совсем актуально для PowerPoint. Дело в том, что программа является частью пакета Microsoft Office и устанавливается вместе с другими его компонентами, например, Word, Excel и т.д. Если нужно поставить именно PowerPoint, без сопровождающих программ, то у пользователя могут возникнуть сложности.

Как установить только PowerPoint

К сожалению, «легально» скачать только образ установки PowerPoint не получится, так как он всегда вшит в установочный файл MS Office. Исключение могут представлять только какие-нибудь отдельные пиратские сборки, но их качество, надежность и безопасность вызывают много вопросов.

Здесь два варианта проведения установки:

Далее будут рассмотрены оба варианта.

Вариант 1: Установка PowerPoint через MS Office Installer

Поставить PowerPoint на компьютер можно через MS Office. По умолчанию вместе с редактором презентаций будут установлены другие сопутствующие программы. Вы можете в настройках инсталлера выбрать только PowerPoint, отменив установку сопутствующего ПО.

Вариант 2: Доустановить PowerPoint

Если на компьютере уже есть программы из пакета MS Office, но именно PowerPoint не установлен, то вы можете его доустановить. При этом уже имеющиеся программы переустанавливать не требуется, плюс, это никак не должно повлиять на их работу.

Мы рекомендуем использовать только лицензионное ПО. Пиратские версии тоже могут быть полностью работоспособными, но далеко не всегда и в зависимости от того, кто делал взлом. Плюс, во время взлома нарушается структурная целостность программы, поэтому даже если все работает корректно, некоторый функционал может быть вырезан, плюс, могут возникнуть проблемы с лицензией.

Источник

Как установить powerpoint

Итак, нам предстоит понять, как установить PowerPoint. Да и вообще, что это за приложение такое. Для чего оно необходимо? Почему многие пользователи задумываются над тем, как инициализировать данную программу?

Описание

Дело в том, что PowerPoint — это очень полезное приложение. Оно входит в стандартный набор Office. То есть это своеобразная офисная программа. Для чего она необходима?

PowerPoint — это приложение, позволяющее создавать и редактировать презентации (слайды). Пользуются им все: и школьники, и студенты, и сотрудники разных предприятий. Но многие задумываются, как установить PowerPoint. Ничего трудного в этом нет. Только о некоторых особенностях процесса рекомендуется узнать заранее.

Покупка

Первый и довольно важный этап — покупка Microsoft Office. Без данного шага не получится воплотить задумку в жизнь. Ведь лицензионная копия PowerPoint платная.

Только далеко не все готовы платить. Поэтому приходится думать, где взять беслатный PowerPoint. И вообще, можно ли как-то обойти лицензию?

Да, только без специального ключа (а пишется он на коробке с MS Office) пользователю будет доступна пробная демоверсия приложения. Работа такого PowerPoint продлится не больше 30 дней. После этого можно будет лишь считывать презентации, но не создавать их.

Именно поэтому приходится думать, как установить PowerPoint так, чтобы все работало в полную силу. На самом деле не так все трудно, как кажется. Например, можно, как уже было сказано, купить лицензионный диск. Что дальше?

Установка

Как только Microsoft Office той или иной версии будет у пользователя, можно заняться инициализацией интересующего приложения. Что конкретно делать? Разобраться в установке поможет небольшая инструкция.

Выглядит она следующим образом:

Это все. Если на этапе установки лицензионный код доступа не был запрошен, то при первом запуске PowerPoint его обязательно потребуется ввести. После этого приложение активируется. Можно пользоваться им в полную силу. Не так трудно установить PowerPoint. Windows — это операционная система, в которой можно инициализировать программу даже без официального приобретения Office. Но как это сделать?

Без лицензии

Легко и просто. Процесс мало чем отличается от ранее приведенного. Пользователь просто должен скачать «кряк» (взломщик) для MS Office или загрузить себе уже взломанный установщик приложения. В зависимости от той или иной ситуации будет изменяться план действий.

Если имел место «кряк», то придется:

В некоторых случаях можно скачать себе «кейген». Это приложение, которое генерирует ключи для MS Office. Как установить PowerPoint? Если пользователь пошел таким путем, то он должен вместо загрузки файлов «кряка» запустить «кейген», затем получить секретный код и ввести его при первом запуске MS Office.

А вот если пользователь скачал себе взломанную версию софта, ответить на вопрос о том, как установить бесплатный PowerPoint, будет проще простого. Достаточно запустить «Мастер установки», а затем, следуя инструкции, приведенной ранее, дождаться окончания процесса. При первом запуске не нужно будет вводить никаких ключей.

Microsoft PowerPoint 2019

PowerPoint 2019 является популярной программой для создания презентаций и слайд-шоу. Новая версия приложения обладает продвинутым функционалом, а также понятным интерфейсом, адаптированным под планшетные ПК и телефоны с сенсорными экранами.

Возможности Microsoft PowerPoint 2019

Вопросы по программе

Microsoft PowerPoint 2007

Microsoft PowerPoint 2010

Microsoft PowerPoint 2013

Microsoft PowerPoint 2016

Microsoft Office 2019

Microsoft Office 365

Microsoft Office Powerpoint Viewer

Microsoft PowerPoint 2019 скачать бесплатно

Последняя версия:
2019 от 05.11 2018

Разработчик: Microsoft Corporation

Операционные системы:
Windows 7, 8, 10

Размер файла: 900 Mb

Полное описание

Обратите внимание на поддержку мобильных устройств и планшетных ПК. Были улучшены функции совместной работы и добавлены прямые соединения с веб-хранилищами, благодаря чему больше нет необходимости нагружать жесткий диск компьютера. Теперь можно комфортно общаться с другими пользователями в специальном диалоговом окне мессенджера Skype для бизнеса.

Программное обеспечение включает Microsoft Outlook — продвинутый почтовый клиент, с помощью которого можно передавать документы по email. В нем имеются средства для просмотра и проверки любых изменений, вносимых в процессе подготовки презентации. Доступна автоматическая сортировка и фильтрация материалов по типу данных, новым событиям, форматам и так далее. Есть возможность создания слайдов с использованием различных изображений, текстовых эффектов, видеороликов и музыкального сопровождения.

ПоверПойнт входит в состав офисного пакета Office версии 2019, если вас интересует отдельная установка конструктора PowerPoint, снимите галочки с остальных компонентов в окне инсталлятора.

Спасибо. очень нужно для проектов по школе. ^&^

Устанавливаем PowerPoint

PowerPoint – это программа для создания и редактирования презентаций, входящая в пакет Microsoft Office. У более-менее опытного пользователя установка обычной программы на Windows не должна вызывать никаких вопросов, но это не совсем актуально для PowerPoint. Дело в том, что программа является частью пакета Microsoft Office и устанавливается вместе с другими его компонентами, например, Word, Excel и т.д. Если нужно поставить именно PowerPoint, без сопровождающих программ, то у пользователя могут возникнуть сложности.

Как установить только PowerPoint

К сожалению, «легально» скачать только образ установки PowerPoint не получится, так как он всегда вшит в установочный файл MS Office. Исключение могут представлять только какие-нибудь отдельные пиратские сборки, но их качество, надежность и безопасность вызывают много вопросов.

Здесь два варианта проведения установки:

Далее будут рассмотрены оба варианта.

Вариант 1: Установка PowerPoint через MS Office Installer

Поставить PowerPoint на компьютер можно через MS Office. По умолчанию вместе с редактором презентаций будут установлены другие сопутствующие программы. Вы можете в настройках инсталлера выбрать только PowerPoint, отменив установку сопутствующего ПО.

Появится окошко с двумя кнопка: «Установить» и «Настройка». Если вы не против, что вместе с PowerPoint установятся другие программы из пакета MS Office, то жмите сразу «Установить». Если же вам нужен только PowerPoint или не нужны все предлагаемые программы, то перейдите в настройки, воспользовавшись соответствующей кнопкой.

Во вкладке «Расположение файлов» вы можете указать директорию, в которую требуется выполнить установку выбранных компонентов MS Office. По умолчанию там стоит стандартная директория «Program Files», расположенная на диске C. Microsoft не рекомендует менять место установки программ, чтобы избежать возможных неполадок в работе.

Вариант 2: Доустановить PowerPoint

Если на компьютере уже есть программы из пакета MS Office, но именно PowerPoint не установлен, то вы можете его доустановить. При этом уже имеющиеся программы переустанавливать не требуется, плюс, это никак не должно повлиять на их работу.

Мы рекомендуем использовать только лицензионное ПО. Пиратские версии тоже могут быть полностью работоспособными, но далеко не всегда и в зависимости от того, кто делал взлом. Плюс, во время взлома нарушается структурная целостность программы, поэтому даже если все работает корректно, некоторый функционал может быть вырезан, плюс, могут возникнуть проблемы с лицензией.

Как установить Powerpoint

Подробнее о программе

Powerpoint — мощнейшее профессиональное приложение, входящее в состав всемирно популярного офисного пакета от Microsoft, которое предназначено для создания бесподобных интерактивных презентаций с добавлением текста, фотографий, таблиц, графиков, диаграмм, а так же сопровождающего звукового ряда.

Скачивание и запуск установки Powerpoint

Чтобы начать использовать Поверпоинт, сначала, нужно скачать последнюю версию Microsoft Office и установить оттуда данное приложение на свою машину. Обратите внимание, распространяемый издателями файл-установщик может оказаться в неизвестном вам формате IMG (формат образов виртуальных дисков), открыть и запустить который можно с помощью специальных утилит, например, Daemon Tools.

Как установить программу из образа можно подробно прочитать здесь.

Установка Powerpoint

Когда вы запустите инсталлятор, в первом окне увидите предлагаемый разработчиками текст лицензионного соглашения и правил пользования данным софтом, которые вы обязаны принять, если хотите установить программу. Поэтому, ставьте галочку напротив «I Accept. « и кликните на «Continue».

Во втором случае, в следующем окне вам придется «отключить» все лишние приложения, нажав рядом с каждым на значок-стрелку и выбрав опцию «Available».

На этом вся установка заканчивается.

Запуск Powerpoint

Чтобы запустить Powerpoint, воспользуйтесь иконкой/ ярлычком на рабочем столе или войдите в меню «Пуск» —> «Все программы»/«Назад» —> «Microsoft Office 2013» —> «Powerpoint 2013».

После того, как войдете, вам останется лишь нажать на опцию «Open other presentation» и вы попадете в основное меню Поверпоинта, где уже сможете начать работу.

Microsoft PowerPoint

Можно получить уже сейчас в рамках подписки на Microsoft 365

Использование вашего адреса электронной почты.

Корпорация Майкрософт использует ваш адрес электронной почты только для этой разовой операции.

Простая и эффективная разработка слайдов

Создавайте отлично проработанные, эффективные слайды с помощью конструктора и Идей PowerPoint.

3D-технология: от фильмов к презентациям

Теперь вы можете без труда вставлять 3D-объекты и внедренные анимации из ваших собственных файлов или из библиотеки контента прямо в слайды PowerPoint.

Естественное взаимодействие посредством голоса, прикосновений и рукописного ввода

Пишите от руки прямо на слайде, а затем за секунды преобразовывайте рукописные заметки в текст, а небрежно начерченные формы — в идеально ровные фигуры.

Оттачивайте свои презентации

Тренер выступлений на основе функции ИИ поможет вам подготовиться к докладу и даст рекомендации по темпу речи, выбору слов и т. д.

Будьте в курсе происходящего

Наблюдайте за ходом процесса редактирования. Функция, позволяющая следить за тем, что происходило в ваше отсутствие, поможет узнать, что коллеги изменили в ваших слайдах.

Хотите создавать великолепные презентации в Microsoft 365?

Другие возможности Microsoft PowerPoint

Работа над общими проектами

Получите доступ ко всем стандартным возможностям Office с возможностями совместного редактирования в реальном времени прямо в браузере.

Источник

This article is about the presentation software program by Microsoft Corporation. For other uses, see Power point (disambiguation).

Microsoft PowerPoint

A photo presentation being created and edited in PowerPoint, running on Windows 11
Developer(s)	Microsoft
Initial release	May 22, 1990; 32 years ago
Stable release	2209 (16.0.15629.20208) / October 11, 2022; 3 months ago[1]
Written in	C++ (back-end)[2]
Operating system	Microsoft Windows
Available in	102 languages[3]
List of languages Afrikaans, Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Assamese, Azerbaijani (Latin), Bangla (Bangladesh), Bangla (Bengali India), Basque, Belarusian, Bosnian (Latin), Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dari, Dutch, English, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hausa, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Indonesian, Irish, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Italian, Spanish, Kannada, Kazakh, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kiswahili, Konkani, Korean, Kyrgyz, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luxembourgish, Macedonian (Macedonia), Malay (Latin), Malayalam, Maltese, Maori, Marathi, Mongolian (Cyrillic), Nepali, Norwegian (Bokmål), Norwegian (Nynorsk), Odia, Pashto, Persian (Farsi), Polish, Portuguese (Portugal), Portuguese (Brazil), Punjabi (India), Quechua, Romanian, Romansh, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Cyrillic, Serbia), Serbian (Latin, Serbia), Serbian (Cyrillic, Bosnia and Herzegovina), Sesotho sa Leboa, Setswana, Sindhi (Arabic), Sinhala, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Tatar (Cyrillic), Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Ukrainian, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek (Latin), Valencian, Vietnamese, Welsh, Wolof, Yoruba
Type	Presentation program
License	Trialware
Website	https://products.office.com/en-us/powerpoint

Microsoft PowerPoint for Mac

PowerPoint for Mac (version 16.69.1), running on macOS Ventura (13.2)
Developer(s)	Microsoft
Initial release	April 20, 1987; 35 years ago
Stable release	16.56 (Build 21121100) / December 14, 2021; 13 months ago[4]
Written in	C++ (back-end), Objective-C (API/UI)[2]
Operating system	macOS
Type	Presentation program
License	Proprietary commercial software

Microsoft PowerPoint for Android

Powerpoint for Android running on Android 13
Developer(s)	Microsoft Corporation
Stable release	16.0.14729.20146 / December 22, 2021; 13 months ago[5]
Operating system	Android Oreo and later
Type	Presentation program
License	Proprietary commercial software
Website	products.office.com/en-us/powerpoint

Microsoft PowerPoint for iOS

Developer(s)	Microsoft Corporation
Stable release	2.56 / December 12, 2021; 13 months ago[6]
Operating system	iOS 14 or later IPadOS 14 or later
Type	Presentation program
License	Proprietary commercial software
Website	products.office.com/en-us/powerpoint

PowerPoint Mobile for Windows 10

Developer(s)	Microsoft
Final release	16002.12325.20032.0 / December 10, 2019; 3 years ago
Operating system	Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile
Type	Presentation program
License	Trialware
Website	www.microsoft.com/store/productid/9WZDNCRFJB5Q

Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation program,^[7] created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin^[7] at a software company named Forethought, Inc.^[7] It was released on April 20, 1987,^[8] initially for Macintosh computers only.^[7] Microsoft acquired PowerPoint for about $14 million three months after it appeared.^[9] This was Microsoft’s first significant acquisition,^[10] and Microsoft set up a new business unit for PowerPoint in Silicon Valley where Forethought had been located.^[10]

PowerPoint became a component of the Microsoft Office suite, first offered in 1989 for Macintosh^[11] and in 1990 for Windows,^[12] which bundled several Microsoft apps. Beginning with PowerPoint 4.0 (1994), PowerPoint was integrated into Microsoft Office development, and adopted shared common components and a converged user interface.^[13]

PowerPoint’s market share was very small at first, prior to introducing a version for Microsoft Windows, but grew rapidly with the growth of Windows and of Office.^{[14]: 402–404} Since the late 1990s, PowerPoint’s worldwide market share of presentation software has been estimated at 95 percent.^[15]

PowerPoint was originally designed to provide visuals for group presentations within business organizations, but has come to be very widely used in many other communication situations, both in business and beyond.^[16] The impact of this much wider use of PowerPoint has been experienced as a powerful change throughout society,^[17] with strong reactions including advice that it should be used less,^[18] should be used differently,^[19] or should be used better.^[20]

The first PowerPoint version (Macintosh 1987) was used to produce overhead transparencies,^[21] the second (Macintosh 1988, Windows 1990) could also produce color 35 mm slides.^[21] The third version (Windows and Macintosh 1992) introduced video output of virtual slideshows to digital projectors, which would over time completely replace physical transparencies and slides.^[21] A dozen major versions since then have added many additional features and modes of operation^[13] and have made PowerPoint available beyond Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows, adding versions for iOS, Android, and web access.^[22]

History[edit]

Creation at Forethought (1984–1987)[edit]

PowerPoint was created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin at a software startup in Silicon Valley named Forethought, Inc.^[23] Forethought had been founded in 1983 to create an integrated environment and applications for future personal computers that would provide a graphical user interface, but it had run into difficulties requiring a «restart» and new plan.^[24]

On July 5, 1984, Forethought hired Robert Gaskins as its vice president of product development^[25]: 51 to create a new application that would be especially suited to the new graphical personal computers, such as Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh.^[26] Gaskins produced his initial description of PowerPoint about a month later (August 14, 1984) in the form of a 2-page document titled «Presentation Graphics for Overhead Projection.»^[27] By October 1984, Gaskins had selected Dennis Austin to be the developer for PowerPoint.^[28] Gaskins and Austin worked together on the definition and design of the new product for nearly a year, and produced the first specification document dated August 21, 1985.^[29] This first design document showed a product as it would look in Microsoft Windows 1.0,^[30] which at that time had not been released.^[31]

Development from that spec was begun by Austin in November 1985, for Macintosh first.^[25]: 104 About six months later, on May 1, 1986, Gaskins and Austin chose a second developer to join the project, Thomas Rudkin.^[25]: 149 Gaskins prepared two final product specification marketing documents in June 1986; these described a product for both Macintosh and Windows.^[32][33] At about the same time, Austin, Rudkin, and Gaskins produced a second and final major design specification document, this time showing a Macintosh look.^[34]

Throughout this development period, the product was called «Presenter.» Then, just before release, there was a last-minute check with Forethought’s lawyers to register the name as a trademark, and «Presenter» was unexpectedly rejected because it had already been used by someone else. Gaskins says that he thought of «PowerPoint», based on the product’s goal of «empowering» individual presenters, and sent that name to the lawyers for clearance, while all the documentation was hastily revised.^[35]

Funding to complete development of PowerPoint was assured in mid-January 1987, when a new Apple Computer venture capital fund, called Apple’s Strategic Investment Group,^[36] selected PowerPoint to be its first investment.^{[25]: 169–171} A month later, on February 22, 1987, Forethought announced PowerPoint at the Personal Computer Forum in Phoenix; John Sculley, the CEO of Apple, appeared at the announcement and said «We see desktop presentation as potentially a bigger market for Apple than desktop publishing.»^[37]

PowerPoint 1.0 for Macintosh shipped from manufacturing on April 20, 1987, and the first production run of 10,000 units was sold out.^[38]

Acquisition by Microsoft (1987–1992)[edit]

By early 1987, Microsoft was starting to plan a new application to create presentations, an activity led by Jeff Raikes, who was head of marketing for the Applications Division.^[39] Microsoft assigned an internal group to write a specification and plan for a new presentation product.^[40] They contemplated an acquisition to speed up development, and in early 1987 Microsoft sent a letter of intent to acquire Dave Winer’s product called MORE, an outlining program that could print its outlines as bullet charts.^[41] During this preparatory activity Raikes discovered that a program specifically to make overhead presentations was already being developed by Forethought, Inc., and that it was nearly completed.^[39] Raikes and others visited Forethought on February 6, 1987, for a confidential demonstration.^[25]: 173

Raikes later recounted his reaction to seeing PowerPoint and his report about it to Bill Gates, who was initially skeptical:^[39]

I thought, «software to do overheads—that’s a great idea.» I came back to see Bill. I said, «Bill, I think we really ought to do this;» and Bill said, «No, no, no, no, no, that’s just a feature of Microsoft Word, just put it into Word.» … And I kept saying, «Bill, no, it’s not just a feature of Microsoft Word, it’s a whole genre of how people do these presentations.» And, to his credit, he listened to me and ultimately allowed me to go forward and … buy this company in Silicon Valley called Forethought, for the product known as PowerPoint.

When PowerPoint was released by Forethought, its initial press was favorable; the Wall Street Journal reported on early reactions: «‘I see about one product a year I get this excited about,’ says Amy Wohl, a consultant in Bala Cynwyd, Pa. ‘People will buy a Macintosh just to get access to this product.‘«^[42]

On April 28, 1987, a week after shipment, a group of Microsoft’s senior executives spent another day at Forethought to hear about initial PowerPoint sales on Macintosh and plans for Windows.^[25]: 191 The following day, Microsoft sent a letter to Dave Winer withdrawing its earlier letter of intent to acquire his company,^[43] and in mid-May 1987 Microsoft sent a letter of intent to acquire Forethought.^[44] As requested in that letter of intent, Robert Gaskins from Forethought went to Redmond for a one-on-one meeting with Bill Gates in early June, 1987,^[25]: 197 and by the end of July an agreement was concluded for an acquisition. The New York Times reported:^[45]

… July 30 1987— The Microsoft Corporation announced its first significant software acquisition today, paying $14 million [$33.4 million in present-day terms^[46]] for Forethought Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif. Forethought makes a program called PowerPoint that allows users of Apple Macintosh computers to make overhead transparencies or flip charts. … [T]he acquisition of Forethought is the first significant one for Microsoft, which is based in Redmond, Wash. Forethought would remain in Sunnyvale, giving Microsoft a Silicon Valley presence. The unit will be headed by Robert Gaskins, Forethought’s vice president of product development.

Microsoft’s president Jon Shirley offered Microsoft’s motivation for the acquisition: «‘We made this deal primarily because of our belief in desktop presentations as a product category. … Forethought was first to market with a product in this category.‘»

Microsoft set up within its Applications Division an independent «Graphics Business Unit» to develop and market PowerPoint, the first Microsoft application group distant from the main Redmond location. All the PowerPoint people from Forethought joined Microsoft, and the new location was headed by Robert Gaskins, with Dennis Austin and Thomas Rudkin leading development.^[48] PowerPoint 1.0 for Macintosh was modified to indicate the new Microsoft ownership and continued to be sold.^[48]

A new PowerPoint 2.0 for Macintosh, adding color 35 mm slides, appeared by mid-1988,^[48] and again received good reviews.^[49] The same PowerPoint 2.0 product re-developed for Windows was shipped two years later, in mid-1990, at the same time as Windows 3.0.^[50] Much of the color technology was the fruit of a joint development partnership with Genigraphics, at that time the dominant presentation services company.^[51]

PowerPoint 3.0, which was shipped in 1992 for both Windows and Mac, added live video for projectors and monitors, with the result that PowerPoint was thereafter used for delivering presentations as well as for preparing them. This was at first an alternative to overhead transparencies and 35 mm slides, but over time would come to replace them.^[52]

Part of Microsoft Office (since 1993)[edit]

PowerPoint had been included in Microsoft Office from the beginning. PowerPoint 2.0 for Macintosh was part of the first Office bundle for Macintosh which was offered in mid-1989.^[53] When PowerPoint 2.0 for Windows appeared, a year later, it was part of a similar Office bundle for Windows, which was offered in late 1990.^[54] Both of these were bundling promotions, in which the independent applications were packaged together and offered for a lower total price.^[53][54]

PowerPoint 3.0 (1992) was again separately specified and developed,^[13] and was prominently advertised and sold separately from Office.^[55] It was, as before, included in Microsoft Office 3.0, both for Windows and the corresponding version for Macintosh.^[56]

A plan to integrate the applications themselves more tightly had been indicated as early as February 1991, toward the end of PowerPoint 3.0 development, in an internal memo by Bill Gates:^[57]

Another important question is what portion of our applications sales over time will be a set of applications versus a single product. … Please assume that we stay ahead in integrating our family together in evaluating our future strategies—the product teams WILL deliver on this. … I believe that we should position the «OFFICE» as our most important application.

The move from bundling separate products to integrated development began with PowerPoint 4.0, developed in 1993–1994 under new management from Redmond.^[58] The PowerPoint group in Silicon Valley was reorganized from the independent «Graphics Business Unit» (GBU) to become the «Graphics Product Unit» (GPU) for Office, and PowerPoint 4.0 changed to adopt a converged user interface and other components shared with the other apps in Office.^[13]

When it was released, the computer press reported on the change approvingly: «PowerPoint 4.0 has been re-engineered from the ground up to resemble and work with the latest applications in Office: Word 6.0, Excel 5.0, and Access 2.0. The integration is so good, you’ll have to look twice to make sure you’re running PowerPoint and not Word or Excel.»^[59] Office integration was further underscored in the following version, PowerPoint 95, which was given the version number PowerPoint 7.0 (skipping 5.0 and 6.0) so that all the components of Office would share the same major version number.^[60]

Although PowerPoint by this point had become part of the integrated Microsoft Office product, its development remained in Silicon Valley. Succeeding versions of PowerPoint introduced important changes, particularly version 12.0 (2007) which had a very different shared Office «ribbon» user interface, and a new shared Office XML-based file format.^[61] This marked the 20th anniversary of PowerPoint, and Microsoft held an event to commemorate that anniversary at its Silicon Valley Campus for the PowerPoint team there. Special guests were Robert Gaskins, Dennis Austin, and Thomas Rudkin, and the featured speaker was Jeff Raikes, all from PowerPoint 1.0 days, 20 years before.^[62]

Since then major development of PowerPoint as part of Office has continued. New development techniques (shared across Office) for PowerPoint 2016 have made it possible to ship versions of PowerPoint 2016 for Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, and web access nearly simultaneously,^{[citation needed]} and to release new features on an almost monthly schedule.^[63] PowerPoint development is still carried out in Silicon Valley as of 2017.^[64]

In 2010, Jeff Raikes, who had most recently been President of the Business Division of Microsoft (including responsibility for Office),^[65] observed: «of course, today we know that PowerPoint is oftentimes the number two—or in some cases even the number one—most-used tool» among the applications in Office.^[39]

[edit]

PowerPoint’s initial sales were about 40,000 copies sold in 1987 (nine months), about 85,000 copies in 1988, and about 100,000 copies in 1989, all for Macintosh.^[66] PowerPoint’s market share in its first three years was a tiny part of the total presentation market, which was very heavily dominated by MS-DOS applications on PCs. The market leaders on MS-DOS in 1988–1989^[68] were Harvard Graphics (introduced by Software Publishing in 1986^[69]) in first place, and Lotus Freelance Plus (also introduced in 1986^[70]) as a strong second.^[71] They were competing with more than a dozen other MS-DOS presentation products,^[72] and Microsoft did not develop a PowerPoint version for MS-DOS.^[73] After three years, PowerPoint sales were disappointing. Jeff Raikes, who had bought PowerPoint for Microsoft, later recalled: «By 1990, it looked like it wasn’t a very smart idea [for Microsoft to have acquired PowerPoint], because not very many people were using PowerPoint.»^[39]

This began to change when the first version for Windows, PowerPoint 2.0, brought sales up to about 200,000 copies in 1990 and to about 375,000 copies in 1991, with Windows units outselling Macintosh.^[66]: 403 PowerPoint sold about 1 million copies in 1992, of which about 80 percent were for Windows and about 20 percent for Macintosh,^[66]: 403 and in 1992 PowerPoint’s market share of worldwide presentation graphics software sales was reported as 63 percent.^[66]: 404 By the last six months of 1992, PowerPoint revenue was running at a rate of over $100 million annually ($239 million in present-day terms^[46]).^{[66]: 405 [74]}

Sales of PowerPoint 3.0 doubled to about 2 million copies in 1993, of which about 90 percent were for Windows and about 10 percent for Macintosh,^[66]: 403 and in 1993 PowerPoint’s market share of worldwide presentation graphics software sales was reported as 78 percent.^[66]: 404 In both years, about half of total revenue came from sales outside the U.S.^[66]: 404

By 1997 PowerPoint sales had doubled again, to more than 4 million copies annually, representing 85 percent of the world market.^[75] Also in 1997, an internal publication from the PowerPoint group said that by then over 20 million copies of PowerPoint were in use, and that total revenues from PowerPoint over its first ten years (1987 to 1996) had already exceeded $1 billion.^[76]

Since the late 1990s, PowerPoint’s market share of total world presentation software has been estimated at 95 percent by both industry and academic sources.^[77]

Operation[edit]

The earliest version of PowerPoint (1987 for Macintosh) could be used to print black and white pages to be photocopied onto sheets of transparent film for projection from overhead projectors, and to print speaker’s notes and audience handouts; the next version (1988 for Macintosh, 1990 for Windows) was extended to also produce color 35mm slides by communicating a file over a modem to a Genigraphics imaging center with slides returned by overnight delivery for projection from slide projectors. PowerPoint was used for planning and preparing a presentation, but not for delivering it (apart from previewing it on a computer screen, or distributing printed paper copies).^[78] The operation of PowerPoint changed substantially in its third version (1992 for Windows and Macintosh), when PowerPoint was extended to also deliver a presentation by producing direct video output to digital projectors or large monitors.^[78] In 1992 video projection of presentations was rare and expensive, and practically unknown from a laptop computer. Robert Gaskins, one of the creators of PowerPoint, says he publicly demonstrated that use for the first time at a large Microsoft meeting held in Paris on February 25, 1992, by using an unreleased development build of PowerPoint 3.0 running on an early pre-production sample of a powerful new color laptop and feeding a professional auditorium video projector.^{[79]: 373–375}

By about 2003, ten years later, digital projection had become the dominant mode of use, replacing transparencies and 35mm slides and their projectors.^{[79]: 410–414 [80]} As a result, the meaning of «PowerPoint presentation» narrowed to mean specifically digital projection:^[81]

… in the business lexicon, «PowerPoint presentation» had come to refer to a presentation made using a PowerPoint slideshow projected from a computer. Although the PowerPoint software had been used to generate transparencies for over a decade, this usage was not typically encompassed by a common understanding of the term.

In contemporary operation, PowerPoint is used to create a file (called a «presentation» or «deck») containing a sequence of pages (called «slides» in the app) which usually have a consistent style (from template masters), and which may contain information imported from other apps or created in PowerPoint, including text, bullet lists, tables, charts, drawn shapes, images, audio clips, video clips, animations of elements, and animated transitions between slides, plus attached notes for each slide.^[82]

After such a file is created, typical operation is to present it as a slide show using a portable computer, where the presentation file is stored on the computer or available from a network, and the computer’s screen shows a «presenter view» with current slide, next slide, speaker’s notes for the current slide, and other information.^[83] Video is sent from the computer to one or more external digital projectors or monitors, showing only the current slide to the audience, with sequencing controlled by the speaker at the computer. A smartphone remote control built in to PowerPoint for iOS (optionally controlled from Apple Watch)^[84] and for Android^[85] allows the presenter to control the show from elsewhere in the room.

In addition to a computer slide show projected to a live audience by a speaker, PowerPoint can be used to deliver a presentation in a number of other ways:

• Displayed on the screen of the presentation computer or tablet (for a very small group)^[86]
• Printed for distribution as paper documents (in several formats)^[87]
• Distributed as files for private viewing, even on computers without PowerPoint^[88]
• Packaged for distribution on CD or a network, including linked and embedded data^[89]
• Transmitted as a live broadcast presentation over the web^[90]
• Embedded in a web page or blog^[91]
• Shared on social networks such as Facebook or Twitter^[92]
• Set up as a self-running unattended display^[93]
• Recorded as video/audio (H.264/AAC), to be distributed as for any other video^[94]

Some of these ways of using PowerPoint have been studied by JoAnne Yates and Wanda Orlikowski of the MIT Sloan School of Management:^[81]

The standard form of such presentations involves a single person standing before a group of people, talking and using the PowerPoint slideshow to project visual aids onto a screen. … In practice, however, presentations are not always delivered in this mode. In our studies, we often found that the presenter sat at a table with a small group of people and walked them through a «deck», composed of paper copies of the slides. In some cases, decks were simply distributed to individuals, without even a walk-through or discussion. … Other variations in the form included sending the PowerPoint file electronically to another site and talking through the slides over an audio or video channel (e.g., telephone or video conference) as both parties viewed the slides. … Another common variation was placing a PowerPoint file on a web site for people to view at different times.

They found that some of these ways of using PowerPoint could influence the content of presentations, for example when «the slides themselves have to carry more of the substance of the presentation, and thus need considerably more content than they would have if they were intended for projection by a speaker who would orally provide additional details and nuance about content and context.»^[81]

Other platforms[edit]

PowerPoint for mobile[edit]

PowerPoint Mobile is included with Windows Mobile 5.0. It is a presentation program capable of reading and editing Microsoft PowerPoint presentations, although authoring abilities are limited to adding notes, editing text, and rearranging slides. It can’t create new presentations.^[95][96] Versions of PowerPoint Mobile for Windows Phone 7 can also watch presentation broadcasts streamed from the Internet.^[97] In 2015, Microsoft released PowerPoint Mobile for Windows 10 as a universal app. In this version of PowerPoint users can create and edit new presentations, present, and share their PowerPoint documents.^[98]

PowerPoint for the web[edit]

PowerPoint for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft PowerPoint available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word.

PowerPoint for the web does not support inserting or editing charts, equations, or audio or video stored on your PC, but they are all displayed in the presentation if they were added in using a desktop app. Some elements, like WordArt effects or more advanced animations and transitions, are not displayed at all, although they are preserved in the document. PowerPoint for the web also lacks the Outline, Master, Slide Sorter, and Presenter views present in the desktop app, as well as having limited printing options.^[99]

Cultural impact[edit]

Business uses[edit]

PowerPoint was originally targeted just for business presentations. Robert Gaskins, who was responsible for its design, has written about his intended customers: «… I did not target other existing large groups of users of presentations, such as school teachers or military officers. … I also did not plan to target people who were not existing users of presentations … such as clergy and school children … . Our focus was purely on business users, in small and large companies, from one person to the largest multinationals.»^{[100]: 76–77} Business people had for a long time made presentations for sales calls and for internal company communications, and PowerPoint produced the same formats in the same style and for the same purposes.^[100]: 420

PowerPoint use in business grew over its first five years (1987-1992) to sales of about 1 million copies annually, for worldwide market share of 63 percent.^[66] Over the following five years (1992-1997) PowerPoint sales accelerated, to a rate of about 4 million copies annually, for worldwide market share of 85 percent.^[101] The increase in business use has been attributed to «network effects,» whereby additional users of PowerPoint in a company or an industry increased its salience and value to other users.^[102]

Not everyone immediately approved of the greater use of PowerPoint for presentations, even in business. CEOs who very early were reported to discourage or ban PowerPoint presentations at internal business meetings included Lou Gerstner (at IBM, in 1993),^[103] Scott McNealy (at Sun Microsystems, in 1996),^[104] and Steve Jobs (at Apple, in 1997).^[105] But even so, Rich Gold, a scholar who studied corporate presentation use at Xerox PARC, could write in 1999: «Within today’s corporation, if you want to communicate an idea … you use PowerPoint.»^[106]

Uses beyond business[edit]

At the same time that PowerPoint was becoming dominant in business settings, it was also being adopted for uses beyond business: «Personal computing … scaled up the production of presentations. … The result has been the rise of presentation culture. In an information society, nearly everyone presents.»^[107]

In 1998, at about the same time that Gold was pronouncing PowerPoint’s ubiquity in business, the influential Bell Labs engineer Robert W. Lucky could already write about broader uses:^[108]

… the world has run amok with the giddy power of presentation graphics. A new language is in the air, and it is codified in PowerPoint. … In a family discussion about what to do on a given evening, for example, I feel like pulling out my laptop and giving a Vugraph presentation… In church, I am surprised that the preachers haven’t caught on yet. … How have we gotten on so long without PowerPoint?

Over a decade or so, beginning in the mid 1990s, PowerPoint began to be used in many communication situations, well beyond its original business presentation uses, to include teaching in schools^[109] and in universities,^[110] lecturing in scientific meetings^[111] (and preparing their related poster sessions^[112]), worshipping in churches,^[113] making legal arguments in courtrooms,^[114] displaying supertitles in theaters,^[115] driving helmet-mounted displays in spacesuits for NASA astronauts,^[116] giving military briefings,^[117] issuing governmental reports,^[118] undertaking diplomatic negotiations,^[119][120] writing novels,^[121] giving architectural demonstrations,^[122] prototyping website designs,^[123] creating animated video games,^[124] creating art projects,^[125] and even as a substitute for writing engineering technical reports,^[126] and as an organizing tool for writing general business documents.^[127]

By 2003, it seemed that PowerPoint was being used everywhere. Julia Keller reported for the Chicago Tribune:^[128]

PowerPoint … is one of the most pervasive and ubiquitous technological tools ever concocted. In less than a decade, it has revolutionized the worlds of business, education, science, and communications, swiftly becoming the standard for just about anybody who wants to explain just about anything to just about anybody else. From corporate middle managers reporting on production goals to 4th-graders fashioning a show-and-tell on the French and Indian War to church pastors explicating the seven deadly sins … PowerPoint seems poised for world domination.

Cultural reactions[edit]

As uses broadened, cultural awareness of PowerPoint grew and commentary about it began to appear. «With the widespread adoption of PowerPoint came complaints … often very general statements reflecting dissatisfaction with modern media and communication practices as well as the dysfunctions of organizational culture.»^[129] Indications of this awareness included increasing mentions of PowerPoint use in the Dilbert comic strips of Scott Adams,^[130] comic parodies of poor or inappropriate use such as the Gettysburg Address in PowerPoint^[131][132] or summaries of Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Nabokov’s Lolita in PowerPoint,^[133] and a vast number of publications on the general subject of PowerPoint, especially about how to use it.^[134][135]

Out of all the analyses of PowerPoint over a quarter of a century, at least three general themes emerged as categories of reaction to its broader use: (1) «Use it less»: avoid PowerPoint in favor of alternatives, such as using more-complex graphics and written prose, or using nothing;^[18] (2) «Use it differently»: make a major change to a PowerPoint style that is simpler and pictorial, turning the presentation toward a performance, more like a Steve Jobs keynote;^[19] and (3) «Use it better»: retain much of the conventional PowerPoint style but learn to avoid making many kinds of mistakes that can interfere with communication.^[20]

Use it less[edit]

An early reaction was that the broader use of PowerPoint was a mistake, and should be reversed. An influential example of this came from Edward Tufte, an authority on information design, who has been a professor of political science, statistics, and computer science at Princeton and Yale, but is best known for his self-published books on data visualization, which have sold nearly 2 million copies as of 2014.^[136]

In 2003, he published a widely-read booklet titled The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint, revised in 2006.^[18] Tufte found a number of problems with the «cognitive style» of PowerPoint, many of which he attributed to the standard default style templates:^[18]

PowerPoint’s convenience for some presenters is costly to the content and the audience. These costs arise from the cognitive style characteristics of the standard default PP presentation: foreshortening of evidence and thought, low spatial resolution, an intensely hierarchical single-path structure as the model for organizing every type of content, breaking up narratives and data into slides and minimal fragments, rapid temporal sequencing of thin information rather than focused spatial analysis, conspicuous chartjunk and PP Phluff, branding of slides with logotypes, a preoccupation with format not content, incompetent designs for data graphics and tables, and a smirky commercialism that turns information into a sales pitch and presenters into marketeers [italics in original].

Tufte particularly advised against using PowerPoint for reporting scientific analyses, using as a dramatic example some slides made during the flight of the space shuttle Columbia after it had been damaged by an accident at liftoff, slides which poorly communicated the engineers’ limited understanding of what had happened.^{[18]: 8–14} For such technical presentations, and for most occasions apart from its initial domain of sales presentations, Tufte advised against using PowerPoint at all; in many situations, according to Tufte, it would be better to substitute high-resolution graphics or concise prose documents as handouts for the audience to study and discuss, providing a great deal more detail.^[18]

Many commentators enthusiastically joined in Tufte’s vivid criticism of PowerPoint uses,^[137] and at a conference held in 2013 (a decade after Tufte’s booklet appeared) one paper claimed that «Despite all the criticism about his work, Tufte can be considered as the single most influential author in the discourse on PowerPoint. … While his approach was not rigorous from a research perspective, his articles received wide resonance with the public at large … .»^[138] There were also others who disagreed with Tufte’s assertion that the PowerPoint program reduces the quality of presenters’ thoughts: Steven Pinker, professor of psychology at MIT and later Harvard, had earlier argued that «If anything, PowerPoint, if used well, would ideally reflect the way we think.»^[139] Pinker later reinforced this opinion: «Any general opposition to PowerPoint is just dumb, … It’s like denouncing lectures—before there were awful PowerPoint presentations, there were awful scripted lectures, unscripted lectures, slide shows, chalk talks, and so on.»^[140]

Much of the early commentary, on all sides, was «informal» and «anecdotal», because empirical research had been limited.^[141]

Use it differently[edit]

A second reaction to PowerPoint use was to say that PowerPoint can be used well, but only by substantially changing its style of use. This reaction is exemplified by Richard E. Mayer, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who has studied cognition and learning, particularly the design of educational multimedia, and who has published more than 500 publications, including over 30 books.^[142] Mayer’s theme has been that «In light of the science, it is up to us to make a fundamental shift in our thinking—we can no longer expect people to struggle to try to adapt to our PowerPoint habits. Instead, we have to change our PowerPoint habits to align with the way people learn.»^[19]

Tufte had argued his judgment that the information density of text on PowerPoint slides was too low, perhaps only 40 words on a slide, leading to over-simplified messages;^[143] Mayer responded that his empirical research showed exactly the opposite, that the amount of text on PowerPoint slides was usually too high, and that even fewer than 40 words on a slide resulted in «PowerPoint overload» that impeded understanding during presentations.^[144]

Mayer suggested a few major changes from traditional PowerPoint formats:^[19]

• replacing brief slide titles with longer «headlines» expressing complete ideas;
• showing more slides but simpler ones;
• removing almost all text including nearly all bullet lists (reserving the text for the spoken narration);
• using larger, higher-quality, and more important graphics and photographs;
• removing all extraneous decoration, backgrounds, logos and identifications, everything but the essential message.

Mayer’s ideas are claimed by Carmine Gallo to have been reflected in Steve Jobs’s presentations: «Mayer outlined fundamental principles of multimedia design based on what scientists know about cognitive functioning. Steve Jobs’s slides adhere to each of Mayer’s principles … .»^[145]: 92 Though not unique to Jobs, many people saw the style for the first time in Jobs’s famous product introductions.^[146] Steve Jobs would have been using Apple’s Keynote which was designed for Jobs’s own slide shows beginning in 2003, but Gallo says that «speaking like Jobs has little to do with the type of presentation software you use (PowerPoint, Keynote,etc.) … all the techniques apply equally to PowerPoint and Keynote.»^{[145]: 14, 46} Gallo adds that «Microsoft’s PowerPoint has one big advantage over Apple’s Keynote presentation software—it’s everywhere … it’s safe to say that the number of Keynote presentations is minuscule in comparison with PowerPoint. Although most presentation designers who are familiar with both formats prefer to work in the more elegant Keynote system, those same designers will tell you that the majority of their client work is done in PowerPoint.»^[145]: 44

Consistent with its association with Steve Jobs’s keynotes, a response to this style has been that it is particularly effective for «ballroom-style presentations» (as often given in conference center ballrooms) where a celebrated and practiced speaker addresses a large passive audience, but less appropriate for «conference room-style presentations» which are often recurring internal business meetings for in-depth discussion with motivated counterparts.^[147]

Use it better[edit]

A third reaction to PowerPoint use was to conclude that the standard style is capable of being used well, but that many small points need to be executed carefully, to avoid impeding understanding. This kind of analysis is particularly associated with Stephen Kosslyn, a cognitive neuroscientist who specializes in the psychology of learning and visual communication, and who has been head of the department of psychology at Harvard, has been Director of Stanford’s Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and has published some 300 papers and 14 books.^[148]

Kosslyn presented a set of psychological principles of «human perception, memory, and comprehension» that «appears to capture the major points of agreement among researchers.»^[149] He reports that his experiments support the idea that it is not intuitive or obvious how to create effective PowerPoint presentations that conform to those agreed principles, and that even small differences that might not seem significant to a presenter can produce very different results in audiences’ understanding. For this reason, Kosslyn says, users need specific education to be able to identify best ways to avoid «flaws and failures»:^[149]

Specifically, we hypothesized and found that the psychological principles are often violated in PowerPoint slideshows across different fields … , that some types of presentation flaws are noticeable and annoying to audience members … , and that observers have difficulty identifying many violations in graphical displays in individual slides … . These studies converge in painting the following picture: PowerPoint presentations are commonly flawed; some types of flaws are more common than others; flaws are not isolated to one domain or context; and, although some types of flaws annoy the audience, flaws at the level of slide design are not always obvious to an untrained observer … .

The many «flaws and failures» identified were those «likely to disrupt the comprehension or memory of the material.» Among the most common examples were «Bulleted items are not presented individually, growing the list from the top to the bottom,» «More than four bulleted items appear in a single list,» «More than two lines are used per bulleted sentence,» and «Words are not large enough (i.e., greater than 20 point) to be easily seen.» Among audience reactions common problems reported were «Speakers read word-for-word from notes or from the slides themselves,» «The slides contained too much material to absorb before the next slide was presented,» and «The main point was obscured by lots of irrelevant detail.»^[149]

Kosslyn observes that these findings could help to explain why the many studies of the instructional effectiveness of PowerPoint have been inconclusive and conflicting, if there were differences in the quality of the presentations tested in different studies that went unobserved because «many may feel that ‘good design’ is intuitively clear.»^[149]

In 2007 Kosslyn wrote a book about PowerPoint, in which he suggested a very large number of fairly modest changes to PowerPoint styles and gave advice on recommended ways of using PowerPoint.^[20] In a later second book about PowerPoint he suggested nearly 150 clarifying style changes (in fewer than 150 pages).^[150] Kosslyn summarizes:^{[20]: 2–3, 200}

… there’s nothing fundamentally wrong with the PowerPoint program as a medium; rather, I claim that the problem lies in how it is used. … In fact, this medium is a remarkably versatile tool that can be extraordinarily effective. … For many purposes, PowerPoint presentations are a superior medium of communication, which is why they have become standard in so many fields.

In 2017, an online poll of social media users in the UK was reported to show that PowerPoint «remains as popular with young tech-savvy users as it is with the Baby Boomers,» with about four out of five saying that «PowerPoint was a great tool for making presentations,» in part because «PowerPoint, with its capacity to be highly visual, bridges the wordy world of yesterday with the visual future of tomorrow.»^[151]

Also in 2017, the Managerial Communication Group of MIT Sloan School of Management polled their incoming MBA students, finding that «results underscore just how differently this generation communicates as compared with older workers.»^[152] Fewer than half of respondents reported doing any meaningful, longer-form writing at work, and even that minority mostly did so very infrequently, but «85 percent of students named producing presentations as a meaningful part of their job responsibilities. Two-thirds report that they present on a daily or weekly basis—so it’s no surprise that in-person presentations is the top skill they hope to improve.»^[152] One of the researchers concluded: «We’re not likely to see future workplaces with long-form writing. The trend is toward presentations and slides, and we don’t see any sign of that slowing down.»^[152]

U.S. military excess[edit]

Use of PowerPoint by the U.S. military services began slowly, because they were invested in mainframe computers, MS-DOS PCs and specialized military-specification graphic output devices, all of which PowerPoint did not support.^[153] But because of the strong military tradition of presenting briefings, as soon as they acquired the computers needed to run it, PowerPoint became part of the U.S. military.^[154]

By 2000, ten years after PowerPoint for Windows appeared, it was already identified as an important feature of U.S. armed forces culture, in a front-page story in the Wall Street Journal:^[155]

Old-fashioned slide briefings, designed to update generals on troop movements, have been a staple of the military since World War II. But in only a few short years PowerPoint has altered the landscape. Just as word processing made it easier to produce long, meandering memos, the spread of PowerPoint has unleashed a blizzard of jazzy but often incoherent visuals. Instead of drawing up a dozen slides on a legal pad and running them over to the graphics department, captains and colonels now can create hundreds of slides in a few hours without ever leaving their desks. If the spirit moves them they can build in gunfire sound effects and images that explode like land mines. … PowerPoint has become such an ingrained part of the defense culture that it has seeped into the military lexicon. «PowerPoint Ranger» is a derogatory term for a desk-bound bureaucrat more adept at making slides than tossing grenades.

U.S. military use of PowerPoint may have influenced its use by armed forces of other countries: «Foreign armed services also are beginning to get in on the act. ‘You can’t speak with the U.S. military without knowing PowerPoint,’ says Margaret Hayes, an instructor at National Defense University in Washington D.C., who teaches Latin American military officers how to use the software.»^[155]

After another 10 years, in 2010 (and again on its front page) the New York Times reported that PowerPoint use in the military was then «a military tool that has spun out of control»:^[156]

Like an insurgency, PowerPoint has crept into the daily lives of military commanders and reached the level of near obsession. The amount of time expended on PowerPoint, the Microsoft presentation program of computer-generated charts, graphs and bullet points, has made it a running joke in the Pentagon and in Iraq and Afghanistan. … Commanders say that behind all the PowerPoint jokes are serious concerns that the program stifles discussion, critical thinking and thoughtful decision-making. Not least, it ties up junior officers … in the daily preparation of slides, be it for a Joint Staff meeting in Washington or for a platoon leader’s pre-mission combat briefing in a remote pocket of Afghanistan.

The New York Times account went on to say that as a result some U.S. generals had banned the use of PowerPoint in their operations:^[156]

«PowerPoint makes us stupid,» Gen. James N. Mattis of the Marine Corps, the Joint Forces commander, said this month at a military conference in North Carolina. (He spoke without PowerPoint.) Brig. Gen. H. R. McMaster, who banned PowerPoint presentations when he led the successful effort to secure the northern Iraqi city of Tal Afar in 2005, followed up at the same conference by likening PowerPoint to an internal threat. «It’s dangerous because it can create the illusion of understanding and the illusion of control,» General McMaster said in a telephone interview afterward. «Some problems in the world are not bullet-izable.»

Several incidents, about the same time, gave wide currency to discussions by serving military officers describing excessive PowerPoint use and the organizational culture that encouraged it.^{[157][158][159]} In response to the New York Times story, Peter Norvig and Stephen M. Kosslyn sent a joint letter to the editor stressing the institutional culture of the military: «… many military personnel bemoan the overuse and misuse of PowerPoint. … The problem is not in the tool itself, but in the way that people use it—which is partly a result of how institutions promote misuse.»^[160]

The two generals who had been mentioned in 2010 as opposing the institutional culture of excessive PowerPoint use were both in the news again in 2017, when James N. Mattis became U.S. Secretary of Defense,^[161] and H. R. McMaster was appointed as U.S. National Security Advisor.^[162]

Artistic medium[edit]

Musician David Byrne has been using PowerPoint as a medium for art for years, producing a book and DVD and showing at galleries his PowerPoint-based artwork.^[125] Byrne has written: «I have been working with PowerPoint, the ubiquitous presentation software, as an art medium for a number of years. It started off as a joke (this software is a symbol of corporate salesmanship, or lack thereof) but then the work took on a life of its own as I realized I could create pieces that were moving, despite the limitations of the ‘medium.‘«^[163]

In 2005 Byrne toured with a theater piece styled as a PowerPoint presentation. When he presented it in Berkeley, on March 8, 2005, the University of California news service reported: «Byrne also defended its [PowerPoint’s] appeal as more than just a business tool—as a medium for art and theater. His talk was titled ‘I ♥ PowerPoint’ … . Berkeley alumnus Bob Gaskins and Dennis Austin … were in the audience … . Eventually, Byrne said, PowerPoint could be the foundation for ‘presentational theater,’ with roots in Brechtian drama and Asian puppet theater.»^[164] After that performance, Byrne described it in his own online journal: «Did the PowerPoint talk in Berkeley for an audience of IT legends and academics. I was terrified. The guys that originally turned PowerPoint into a program were there, what were THEY gonna think? … [Gaskins] did tell me afterwards that he liked the PowerPoint as theater idea, which was a relief.»^[165]

The expressions «PowerPoint Art» or «pptArt» are used to define a contemporary Italian artistic movement which believes that the corporate world can be a unique and exceptional source of inspiration for the artist.^[166][167] They say: «The pptArt name refers to PowerPoint, the symbolic and abstract language developed by the corporate world which has become a universal and highly symbolic communication system beyond cultures and borders.»^[168]

The wide use of PowerPoint had, by 2010, given rise to » … a subculture of PowerPoint enthusiasts [that] is teaching the old application new tricks, and may even be turning a dry presentation format into a full-fledged artistic medium,»^[169] by using PowerPoint animation to create «games, artworks, anime, and movies.»^[170]

PowerPoint Viewer[edit]

PowerPoint Viewer is the name for a series of small free application programs to be used on computers without PowerPoint installed, to view, project, or print (but not create or edit) presentations.^[171]

The first version was introduced with PowerPoint 3.0 in 1992, to enable electronic presentations to be projected using conference-room computers and to be freely distributed; on Windows, it took advantage of the new feature of embedding TrueType fonts within PowerPoint presentation files to make such distribution easier.^[172] The same kind of viewer app was shipped with PowerPoint 3.0 for Macintosh, also in 1992.^[173]

Beginning with PowerPoint 2003, a feature called «Package for CD» automatically managed all linked video and audio files plus needed fonts when exporting a presentation to a disk or flash drive or network location,^[174] and also included a copy of a revised PowerPoint Viewer application so that the result could be presented on other PCs without installing anything.^[175]

The latest version that runs on Windows «was created in conjunction with PowerPoint 2010, but it can also be used to view newer presentations created in PowerPoint 2013 and PowerPoint 2016. … All transitions, videos and effects appear and behave the same when viewed using PowerPoint Viewer as they do when viewed in PowerPoint 2010.» It supports presentations created using PowerPoint 97 and later.^[171] The latest version that runs on Macintosh is PowerPoint 98 Viewer for the Classic Mac OS and Classic Environment, for Macs supporting System 7.5 to Mac OS X Tiger (10.4).^[176] It can open presentations only from PowerPoint 3.0, 4.0, and 8.0 (PowerPoint 98), although presentations created on Mac can be opened in PowerPoint Viewer on Windows.^[177]

As of May 2018, the last versions of PowerPoint Viewer for all platforms have been retired by Microsoft; they are no longer available for download and no longer receive security updates.^[178] The final PowerPoint Viewer for Windows (2010)^[179] and the final PowerPoint Viewer for Classic Mac OS (1998)^[180][181] are available only from archives. The recommended replacements for PowerPoint Viewer: «On Windows 10 PCs, download the free … PowerPoint Mobile application from the Windows Store,»^[178] and «On Windows 7 or Windows 8/8.1 PCs, upload the file to OneDrive and view it for free using … PowerPoint Online.»^[178]

Versions[edit]

Legend:	Old version, not maintained	Older version, still maintained	Current stable version	Latest preview version

PowerPoint release history

Date	Name	Version	System	Comments
April 1987[182]	PowerPoint	1.0	Macintosh	Shipped by Forethought, Inc.
October 1987[183]	PowerPoint	1.01	Macintosh	Relabeled and shipped by Microsoft
May 1988[184]	PowerPoint	2.0	Macintosh
December 1988[185]	PowerPoint	2.01	Macintosh	Added Genigraphics software and services
May 1990[186]	PowerPoint	2.0	Windows	Announced with Windows 3.0, numbered to match contemporary Macintosh version
May 1992[187]	PowerPoint	3.0	Windows	Announced with Windows 3.1
September 1992[188]	PowerPoint	3.0	Macintosh
February 1994[189]	PowerPoint	4.0	Windows
October 1994[190]	PowerPoint	4.0	Macintosh	Native for Power Mac
July 1995[191]	PowerPoint 95	7.0	Windows	Versions 5.0 and 6.0 were skipped on Windows, so all apps in Office 95 were 7.0[192]
January 1997[193]	PowerPoint 97	8.0	Windows
March 1998[194]	PowerPoint 98	8.0	Macintosh	Versions 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 were skipped on Macintosh, to match Windows[195]
June 1999[196]	PowerPoint 2000	9.0	Windows
August 2000[197]	PowerPoint 2001	9.0	Macintosh
May 2001[198]	PowerPoint XP	10.0	Windows
November 2001[199]	PowerPoint v. X	10.0	Macintosh
October 2003[200][201]	PowerPoint 2003	11.0	Windows
June 2004[202]	PowerPoint 2004	11.0	Macintosh
May 2005[203]	PowerPoint Mobile	11.0	Windows Mobile 5
January 2007[204]	PowerPoint 2007	12.0	Windows	End of support October 10, 2017[205]
September 2007[206]	PowerPoint Mobile	12.0	Windows Mobile 6
January 2008[207]	PowerPoint 2008	12.0	Macintosh
June 2010[208]	PowerPoint 2010	14.0	Windows	Version 13.0 was skipped for triskaidekaphobia concerns[209]
June 2010[210]	PowerPoint 2010 Web App	14.0	Web
June 2010[211]	PowerPoint Mobile 2010	14.0	Windows Phone 7
November 2010[212]	PowerPoint 2011	14.0	Macintosh	Version 13.0 was skipped for triskaidekaphobia concerns[209] End of support October 10, 2017[213]
April 2012[214]	PowerPoint Mobile 2010	14.0	Nokia Symbian
October 2012[215]	PowerPoint Web App 2013	15.0	Web
November 2012[216]	PowerPoint Mobile 2013	15.0	Windows Phone 8
November 2012[217]	PowerPoint RT 2013	15.0	Windows RT
January 2013[218]	PowerPoint 2013	15.0	Windows
June 2013[219]	PowerPoint Mobile 2013 for iPhone	15.0	iPhone
July 2013[220]	PowerPoint Mobile 2013 for Android	15.0	Android
February 2014[221]	PowerPoint 2013 Online	15.0	Web
March 2014[222]	PowerPoint 2013 for iPad	15.0	iPad
November 2014[223]	PowerPoint Mobile 2013 for iOS	15.0	iOS
June 2015[224]	PowerPoint Mobile 2016 for Android	16.0	Android
July 2015[225]	PowerPoint 2016 for Macintosh	16.0	Macintosh	There had been no PowerPoint 2013 for Mac.[226] Was version 15.0 from July 2015 to January 2018.[227]
July 2015[228]	PowerPoint Mobile 2016	16.0	Windows 10 Mobile
July 2015[229]	PowerPoint Mobile 2016 for iOS	16.0	iOS
September 2015[230]	PowerPoint 2016 for Windows	16.0	Windows
January 2018[231]	PowerPoint 2016 for Windows Store	16.0	Windows
2018	PowerPoint 2019	17.0	Windows and other OS
Date	Name	Version	System	Comments

PowerPoint 1.0

For Macintosh: April 1987^[182]

Innovations included: multiple slides in a single file, organizing slides with a slide sorter view and a title view (precursor of outline view), speakers’ notes pages attached to each slide, printing of audience handouts with multiple slides per page, text with outlining styles and full word-processor formatting, graphic shapes with attached text for drawing diagrams and tables.^[232] It also shipped with a hardbound book as its manual.^[233]

«It produced overhead transparencies on a black-and-white Macintosh for laser printing. Presenters could now directly control their own overheads and would no longer have to work through the person with the typewriter. PowerPoint handled the task of making the overheads all look alike; one change reformats them all. Typographic fonts were better than an Orator typeball, and charts and diagrams could be imported from MacDraw, MacPaint, and Excel, thanks to the new Mac clipboard.»^[234]

System requirements: (Mac) Original Macintosh or better, System 1.0 or higher, 512K RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 2.0

For Macintosh: May 1988;^[184] for Windows: May 1990^[186]

Part of Microsoft Office for Mac and Microsoft Office for Windows. Innovations included: color, more word processing features, find and replace, spell checking, color schemes for presentations, guide to color selection, ability to change color scheme retrospectively, shaded coloring for fills.^[232]

«It added color 35 mm slides, transmitting the resulting file over a modem to Genigraphics for imaging on Genigraphics’ film recorders and photo processing in Genigraphics’ labs overnight. Genigraphics was the leading professional service bureau, having developed its own Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-11-based computer systems for its artists. After a short time, though, Genigraphics itself switched to PowerPoint.»^[234]

System requirements: (Mac) Original Macintosh or better, System 4.1 or higher, 1 MB RAM. (Windows) 286 PC or higher, Windows 3.0, 1 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 3.0

For Windows, May 1992;^[187] for Mac: September 1992^[188]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 3.0 and Microsoft Office for Mac 3.0. Innovations included: the first application designed exclusively for the new Windows 3.1 platform, full support for TrueType fonts (new in Windows 3.1), presentation templates, editing in outline view, new drawing, including freeform tool, autoshapes, flip, rotate, scale, align, and transforming imported pictures into their drawing primitives to make them editable, transitions between slides in slide show, progressive builds, incorporating sound and video.^[232] Animations included «flying bullets» where bullet points «flew» into the slide one by one, and some degree of Pen Computing support was included.^[233]

«It added video-out to feed the new video projectors, with effects that could replace a bank of synchronized slide projectors. This version added fades, dissolves, and other transitions, as well as animation of text and pictures, and could incorporate video clips with synchronized audio.»^[234]

System requirements: (Windows) 286 PC or higher, Windows 3.1, 2 MB RAM. (Mac) Macintosh Plus or better, System 7 or higher, 4 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 4.0

For Windows: February 1994;^[189] for Mac: October 1994^[190]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 4.0 and Microsoft Office for Mac 4.2. Innovations included: autolayouts, Word tables, rehearsal mode, hidden slides, and the «AutoContent Wizard.»^[233]

Introduced a standard «Microsoft Office» look and feel (shared with Word and Excel), with status bar, toolbars, tooltips. Full OLE 2.0 with in-place activation.^[232]

System requirements: (Windows) 386 PC or higher, Windows 3.1, 8 MB RAM. (Mac) 68020 Mac or better, System 7 or higher, 8 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 7.0

For Windows: July 1995^[191]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 95. Innovations included: new animation effects, real curves and textures, black and white view, autocorrect, insert symbol, meeting support features such as «Meeting Minder.»^[233]

«A complete rewrite of the product from the ground up in C++, full object model with internal VBA programmability.»^[232]

System requirements: (Windows) 386 DX PC or higher, Windows 95, 6 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 8.0

For Windows: January 1997;^[193] for Mac: March 1998^[194]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 97 and Microsoft Office 98 Macintosh Edition. Innovations included: «Office Assistant,» file compression, save to HTML, «Pack and Go,» «AutoClipArt,» transparent GIFs.^[233]

System requirements: (Windows) 486 PC or higher, 8 MB RAM. (Mac) PowerPC Mac or better, 16 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 9.0

For Windows: June 1999;^[196] for Mac: August 2000^[197]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2000 and Microsoft Office for Mac 2001. Innovations included: three-pane «browser» view (selectable list of slide miniatures or titles, large single slide, notes), autofit text, real tables, presentation conferencing, save to web, picture bullets, animated GIFs, aliased fonts.^[233]

System requirements: (Windows) Pentium 75MHz+, Windows 95 or higher, 20 MB RAM. (Mac) PowerPC Mac 120MHz+ or better, MacOS 8.5 or higher, minimum 48 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 10.0

For Windows: May 2001;^[198] for Mac: November 2001^[199]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows XP and Microsoft Office for Mac v.X. Innovations included: install from web, most clipart on web, use of Exchange and SharePoint for storage and collaboration.^[198]

System requirements: (Windows) Pentium III, Windows 98 or higher, 40 MB RAM.^[235] (Mac) OS X 10.1 («Puma») or later (will not run under OS 9).^[236]

PowerPoint 11.0

For Windows: October 2003;^[200] for Mac: June 2004;^[202] for Mobile: May 2005^[203]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2003 and Microsoft Office for Mac 2004. Innovations included: tools visible to presenter during slide show (notes, thumbnails, time clock, re-order and edit slides), «Package for CD» to write presentation and viewer app to CD.^[202] «Microsoft Producer for PowerPoint 2003» was a free plug-in from Microsoft, using a video camera, «that creates Web page presentations, with talking head narration, coordinated and timed to your existing PowerPoint presentation» for delivery over the web.^[237] The Genigraphics software to send a presentation for imaging as 35mm slides was removed from this version.^[238]

System requirements: (Windows) Pentium 233Mhz+, Windows 2000 with SP3 or later, 128 MB RAM.^[239] (Mac) Power Mac G3 or better, OS X 10.2.8 or later, 256 MB RAM.^[202]

PowerPoint 12.0

For Windows: January 2007;^[204] for Mobile: September 2007;^[206] for Mac: January 2008^[207]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2007 and Microsoft Office for Mac 2008. Innovations included: new user interface («Office Fluent») employing a changeable «ribbon» of tools across the top to replace menus and toolbars, SmartArt graphics, many graphical improvements in text and drawing, improved «Presenter View» (from 2003), widescreen slide formats. The «AutoContent Wizard» was removed from this version.^[240]

A major change in PowerPoint 2007 was from a binary file format, used from 1997 to 2003, to a new XML file format which evolved over further versions.

System requirements: (Windows) 500 MHz processor or higher, Windows XP with SP2 or later, 256 MB RAM.^[241] (Mac) 500 MHz processor or higher, MacOS X 10.4.9 or later, 512 MB RAM.^[242]

PowerPoint 14.0^[209]

For Windows: June 2010;^[208] for Web: June 2010;^[210] for Mobile: June 2010;^[211] for Mac: November 2010,^[212] for Symbian: April 2012^[214]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2010 and Microsoft Office for Mac 2011. Innovations included: Single document interface (SDI), sections within presentations, reading view, redesign of «Backstage» functions (under File menu), save as video, insert video from web, embed video and audio, enhanced editing for video and for pictures, broadcast slideshow.^[243]

System requirements: (Windows) 500 MHz processor or higher, Windows XP with SP3 or later, 256 MB RAM, 512 MB RAM recommended for video.^[244] (Mac) Intel processor, Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later, 1 GB RAM.^[245]

PowerPoint 15.0

For Web: October 2012;^[215] for Mobile: November 2012;^[216] for Windows RT: November 2012;^[217] for Windows: January 2013;^[218] for iPhone: June 2013;^[219] for Android: July 2013;^[220] for Web: February 2014;^[221] for iPad: March 2014;^[222] for iOS: November 2014;^[223] for Mac: July 2015^[225]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2013 and Microsoft Office for Mac 2016. Innovations included: Change default slide shape to 16:9 aspect ratio, online collaboration by multiple authors, user interface redesigned for multi-touch screens, improved audio, video, animations, and transitions, further changes to Presenter View. Clipart collections (and insertion tool) were removed, but available online.^{[246] [247]}

System requirements: (Windows) 1 GHz processor or faster, x86- or x64-bit processor with SSE2 instruction set, Windows 7 or later, 1 GB RAM (32-bit), 2 GB RAM (64-bit).^[248] (Mac) Intel processor, Mac OS X 10.10 or later, 4 GB RAM.^[249]

PowerPoint 16.0

For Android: June 2015;^[224] for Mobile: July 2015;^[228] for iOS: July 2015;^[229] for Windows: September 2015;^[230] and Windows Store: January 2018^[231]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2016. Innovations included: «Tell me» to search for program controls, «PowerPoint Designer» pane, Morph transition, real-time collaboration, «Zoom» to slides or sections in slideshow,^[250] and «Presentation Translator» for real-time translation of a presenter’s spoken words to on-screen captions in any of 60+ languages, with the system analyzing the text of the PowerPoint presentation as context to increase the accuracy and relevance of the translations.^{[251] [252]}

System requirements: (Windows) 1 GHz processor or faster, x86- or x64-bit processor with SSE2 instruction set, Windows 7 with SP 1 or later, 2 GB RAM.^[253]

File formats[edit]

PowerPoint Presentation

Filename extensions	.pptx, .ppt[254]
Internet media type	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint[255]
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)	com.microsoft.powerpoint.ppt[256]
Developed by	Microsoft
Type of format	Presentation

Binary (1987–2007)[edit]

Early versions of PowerPoint, from 1987 through 1995 (versions 1.0 through 7.0), evolved through a sequence of binary file formats, different in each version, as functionality was added.^[257] This set of formats were never documented, but an open-source libmwaw (used by LibreOffice) exists to read them.^[258]

A stable binary format (called a .ppt file, like all earlier binary formats) that was shared as the default in PowerPoint 97 through PowerPoint 2003 for Windows, and in PowerPoint 98 through PowerPoint 2004 for Mac (that is, in PowerPoint versions 8.0 through 11.0) was finally created. It was based on the Compound File Binary Format.^[259][260] The specification document is actively maintained and can be freely downloaded,^[259] because, although no longer the default, that binary format can be read and written by some later versions of PowerPoint, including the current PowerPoint 2016.^[254] After the stable binary format was adopted, versions of PowerPoint continued to be able to read and write differing file formats from earlier versions.^[257] But beginning with PowerPoint 2007 and PowerPoint 2008 for Mac (PowerPoint version 12.0), this was the only binary format available for saving; PowerPoint 2007 (version 12.0) no longer supported saving to binary file formats used earlier than PowerPoint 97 (version 8.0), ten years before.^[261]

The «.pps» and «.ppsx» file extensions are technically the same as «.ppt» and «.pptx», except they are launched as presentation instead of for editing by default.^[262]

Binary filename extensions^[254]

• .ppt, PowerPoint 97–2003 binary presentation
• .pps, PowerPoint 97–2003 binary slide show
• .pot, PowerPoint 97–2003 binary template

Binary media types^[255]

• .ppt, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
• .pps, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
• .pot, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

Office Open XML (since 2007)[edit]

The big change in PowerPoint 2007 and PowerPoint 2008 for Mac (PowerPoint version 12.0) was that the stable binary file format of 97–2003 was replaced as the default by a new zipped XML-based Office Open XML format (.pptx files).^[263] Microsoft’s explanation of the benefits of the change included: smaller file sizes, up to 75% smaller than comparable binary documents; security, through being able to identify and exclude executable macros and personal data; less chance to be corrupted than binary formats; and easier interoperability for exchanging data among Microsoft and other business applications, all while maintaining backward compatibility.^[264]

XML filename extensions^[254]

• .pptx, PowerPoint 2007 XML presentation
• .pptm, PowerPoint 2007 XML macro-enabled presentation
• .ppsx, PowerPoint 2007 XML slide show
• .ppsm, PowerPoint 2007 XML macro-enabled slide show
• .ppam, PowerPoint 2007 XML add-in
• .potx, PowerPoint 2007 XML template
• .potm, PowerPoint 2007 XML macro-enabled template

XML media types^[255]

• .pptx, application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
• .pptm, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroEnabled.12
• .ppsx, application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow
• .ppsm, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroEnabled.12
• .ppam, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroEnabled.12
• .potx, application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template
• .potm, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroEnabled.12

The specification for the new format was published as an open standard, ECMA-376,^[265] through Ecma International Technical Committee 45 (TC45).^[266] The Ecma 376 standard was approved in December 2006, and was submitted for standardization through ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 WG4 in early 2007. The standardization process was contentious.^[267] It was approved as ISO/IEC 29500 in early 2008.^[268] Copies of the ISO/IEC standard specification are freely available, in two parts.^[269][270] These define two related standards known as «Transitional» and «Strict.» The two standards were progressively adopted by PowerPoint: PowerPoint version 12.0 (2007, 2008 for Mac) could read and write Transitional format, but could neither read nor write Strict format. PowerPoint version 14.0 (2010, 2011 for Mac) could read and write Transitional, and also read but not write Strict. PowerPoint version 15.0 and later (beginning 2013, 2016 for Mac) can read and write both Transitional and Strict formats. The reason for the two variants was explained by Microsoft:^[271]

… the participants in the ISO/IEC standardization process recognized two objectives with competing requirements. The first objective was for the Open XML standard to provide an XML-based file format that could fully support conversion of the billions of existing Office documents without any loss of features, content, text, layout, or other information, including embedded data. The second was to specify a file format that did not rely on Microsoft-specific data types. They created two variants of Open XML—Transitional, which supports previously-defined Microsoft-specific data types, and Strict, which does not rely on them. Prior versions of Office [that is, 2007] have supported reading and writing Transitional Open XML, and Office 2010 can read Strict Open XML documents. With the addition of write support for Strict Open XML, Office 2013 provides full support for both variants of Open XML.

The PowerPoint .pptx file format (called «PresentationML» for Presentation Markup Language) contains separate structures for all the complex parts of a PowerPoint presentation.^[272][273] The specification documents run to over six thousand pages.^[274] Because of the widespread use of PowerPoint, the standardized file formats are considered important for the long-term access to digital documents in library collections and archives, according to the U.S. Library of Congress.^[275]

PowerPoint 2013 and PowerPoint 2016 provide options to set default saving to ISO/IEC 29500 Strict format, but the initial default setting remains Transitional, for compatibility with legacy features incorporating binary data in existing documents.^[276] PowerPoint 2013 or PowerPoint 2016 will both open and save files in the former binary format (.ppt), for compatibility with older versions of the program (but not versions older than PowerPoint 97).^[254][277] In saving to older formats, these versions of PowerPoint will check to assure that no features have been introduced into the presentation which are incompatible with the older formats.^[263]

PowerPoint 2013 and 2016 will also save a presentation in many other file formats, including PDF format, MPEG-4 or WMV video, as a sequence of single-picture files (using image formats including GIF, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, and some older formats), and as a single presentation file in which all slides are replaced with pictures. PowerPoint will both open and save files in OpenDocument Presentation format (ODP) for compatibility.^[254]

See also[edit]

• Microsoft Office password protection
• PowerPoint Karaoke
• Web-based slideshow

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Reuss, Elke I.; Signer, Beat; Norrie, Moira C. (2008). «PowerPoint Multimedia Presentations in Computer Science Education: What do Users Need?». Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Usability & HCI for Education and Work (USAB 2008). Graz, Austria. pp. 281–298.
  • Also available at: [1]
• Lowenthal, Patrick R. (2009). «Improving the Design of PowerPoint Presentations» (PDF). In Lowenthal, Patrick R.; Thomas, David; Thai, Anna; Yuhnke, Brian (eds.). The CU Online Handbook 2009. University of Colorado Denver. pp. 61–66.
• Kalyuga, Slava; Chandler, Paul; Sweller, John (2004). «When Redundant On-Screen Text in Multimedia Technical Instruction Can Interfere With Learning». Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 46 (3): 567–581. doi:10.1518/hfes.46.3.567.50405. PMID 15573552. S2CID 6992108.
  • Also available at: [2] (Feb 2015).

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Microsoft PowerPoint at Curlie

This article is about the presentation software program by Microsoft Corporation. For other uses, see Power point (disambiguation).

Microsoft PowerPoint

A photo presentation being created and edited in PowerPoint, running on Windows 11
Developer(s)	Microsoft
Initial release	May 22, 1990; 32 years ago
Stable release	2209 (16.0.15629.20208) / October 11, 2022; 3 months ago[1]
Written in	C++ (back-end)[2]
Operating system	Microsoft Windows
Available in	102 languages[3]
List of languages Afrikaans, Albanian, Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Assamese, Azerbaijani (Latin), Bangla (Bangladesh), Bangla (Bengali India), Basque, Belarusian, Bosnian (Latin), Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dari, Dutch, English, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, French, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hausa, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Indonesian, Irish, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Italian, Spanish, Kannada, Kazakh, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kiswahili, Konkani, Korean, Kyrgyz, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luxembourgish, Macedonian (Macedonia), Malay (Latin), Malayalam, Maltese, Maori, Marathi, Mongolian (Cyrillic), Nepali, Norwegian (Bokmål), Norwegian (Nynorsk), Odia, Pashto, Persian (Farsi), Polish, Portuguese (Portugal), Portuguese (Brazil), Punjabi (India), Quechua, Romanian, Romansh, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian (Cyrillic, Serbia), Serbian (Latin, Serbia), Serbian (Cyrillic, Bosnia and Herzegovina), Sesotho sa Leboa, Setswana, Sindhi (Arabic), Sinhala, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Tatar (Cyrillic), Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Turkmen (Latin), Ukrainian, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek (Latin), Valencian, Vietnamese, Welsh, Wolof, Yoruba
Type	Presentation program
License	Trialware
Website	https://products.office.com/en-us/powerpoint

Microsoft PowerPoint for Mac

PowerPoint for Mac (version 16.69.1), running on macOS Ventura (13.2)
Developer(s)	Microsoft
Initial release	April 20, 1987; 35 years ago
Stable release	16.56 (Build 21121100) / December 14, 2021; 13 months ago[4]
Written in	C++ (back-end), Objective-C (API/UI)[2]
Operating system	macOS
Type	Presentation program
License	Proprietary commercial software

Microsoft PowerPoint for Android

Powerpoint for Android running on Android 13
Developer(s)	Microsoft Corporation
Stable release	16.0.14729.20146 / December 22, 2021; 13 months ago[5]
Operating system	Android Oreo and later
Type	Presentation program
License	Proprietary commercial software
Website	products.office.com/en-us/powerpoint

Microsoft PowerPoint for iOS

Developer(s)	Microsoft Corporation
Stable release	2.56 / December 12, 2021; 13 months ago[6]
Operating system	iOS 14 or later IPadOS 14 or later
Type	Presentation program
License	Proprietary commercial software
Website	products.office.com/en-us/powerpoint

PowerPoint Mobile for Windows 10

Developer(s)	Microsoft
Final release	16002.12325.20032.0 / December 10, 2019; 3 years ago
Operating system	Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile
Type	Presentation program
License	Trialware
Website	www.microsoft.com/store/productid/9WZDNCRFJB5Q

Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation program,^[7] created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin^[7] at a software company named Forethought, Inc.^[7] It was released on April 20, 1987,^[8] initially for Macintosh computers only.^[7] Microsoft acquired PowerPoint for about $14 million three months after it appeared.^[9] This was Microsoft’s first significant acquisition,^[10] and Microsoft set up a new business unit for PowerPoint in Silicon Valley where Forethought had been located.^[10]

PowerPoint became a component of the Microsoft Office suite, first offered in 1989 for Macintosh^[11] and in 1990 for Windows,^[12] which bundled several Microsoft apps. Beginning with PowerPoint 4.0 (1994), PowerPoint was integrated into Microsoft Office development, and adopted shared common components and a converged user interface.^[13]

PowerPoint’s market share was very small at first, prior to introducing a version for Microsoft Windows, but grew rapidly with the growth of Windows and of Office.^{[14]: 402–404} Since the late 1990s, PowerPoint’s worldwide market share of presentation software has been estimated at 95 percent.^[15]

PowerPoint was originally designed to provide visuals for group presentations within business organizations, but has come to be very widely used in many other communication situations, both in business and beyond.^[16] The impact of this much wider use of PowerPoint has been experienced as a powerful change throughout society,^[17] with strong reactions including advice that it should be used less,^[18] should be used differently,^[19] or should be used better.^[20]

The first PowerPoint version (Macintosh 1987) was used to produce overhead transparencies,^[21] the second (Macintosh 1988, Windows 1990) could also produce color 35 mm slides.^[21] The third version (Windows and Macintosh 1992) introduced video output of virtual slideshows to digital projectors, which would over time completely replace physical transparencies and slides.^[21] A dozen major versions since then have added many additional features and modes of operation^[13] and have made PowerPoint available beyond Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows, adding versions for iOS, Android, and web access.^[22]

History[edit]

Creation at Forethought (1984–1987)[edit]

PowerPoint was created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin at a software startup in Silicon Valley named Forethought, Inc.^[23] Forethought had been founded in 1983 to create an integrated environment and applications for future personal computers that would provide a graphical user interface, but it had run into difficulties requiring a «restart» and new plan.^[24]

On July 5, 1984, Forethought hired Robert Gaskins as its vice president of product development^[25]: 51 to create a new application that would be especially suited to the new graphical personal computers, such as Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh.^[26] Gaskins produced his initial description of PowerPoint about a month later (August 14, 1984) in the form of a 2-page document titled «Presentation Graphics for Overhead Projection.»^[27] By October 1984, Gaskins had selected Dennis Austin to be the developer for PowerPoint.^[28] Gaskins and Austin worked together on the definition and design of the new product for nearly a year, and produced the first specification document dated August 21, 1985.^[29] This first design document showed a product as it would look in Microsoft Windows 1.0,^[30] which at that time had not been released.^[31]

Development from that spec was begun by Austin in November 1985, for Macintosh first.^[25]: 104 About six months later, on May 1, 1986, Gaskins and Austin chose a second developer to join the project, Thomas Rudkin.^[25]: 149 Gaskins prepared two final product specification marketing documents in June 1986; these described a product for both Macintosh and Windows.^[32][33] At about the same time, Austin, Rudkin, and Gaskins produced a second and final major design specification document, this time showing a Macintosh look.^[34]

Throughout this development period, the product was called «Presenter.» Then, just before release, there was a last-minute check with Forethought’s lawyers to register the name as a trademark, and «Presenter» was unexpectedly rejected because it had already been used by someone else. Gaskins says that he thought of «PowerPoint», based on the product’s goal of «empowering» individual presenters, and sent that name to the lawyers for clearance, while all the documentation was hastily revised.^[35]

Funding to complete development of PowerPoint was assured in mid-January 1987, when a new Apple Computer venture capital fund, called Apple’s Strategic Investment Group,^[36] selected PowerPoint to be its first investment.^{[25]: 169–171} A month later, on February 22, 1987, Forethought announced PowerPoint at the Personal Computer Forum in Phoenix; John Sculley, the CEO of Apple, appeared at the announcement and said «We see desktop presentation as potentially a bigger market for Apple than desktop publishing.»^[37]

PowerPoint 1.0 for Macintosh shipped from manufacturing on April 20, 1987, and the first production run of 10,000 units was sold out.^[38]

Acquisition by Microsoft (1987–1992)[edit]

By early 1987, Microsoft was starting to plan a new application to create presentations, an activity led by Jeff Raikes, who was head of marketing for the Applications Division.^[39] Microsoft assigned an internal group to write a specification and plan for a new presentation product.^[40] They contemplated an acquisition to speed up development, and in early 1987 Microsoft sent a letter of intent to acquire Dave Winer’s product called MORE, an outlining program that could print its outlines as bullet charts.^[41] During this preparatory activity Raikes discovered that a program specifically to make overhead presentations was already being developed by Forethought, Inc., and that it was nearly completed.^[39] Raikes and others visited Forethought on February 6, 1987, for a confidential demonstration.^[25]: 173

Raikes later recounted his reaction to seeing PowerPoint and his report about it to Bill Gates, who was initially skeptical:^[39]

I thought, «software to do overheads—that’s a great idea.» I came back to see Bill. I said, «Bill, I think we really ought to do this;» and Bill said, «No, no, no, no, no, that’s just a feature of Microsoft Word, just put it into Word.» … And I kept saying, «Bill, no, it’s not just a feature of Microsoft Word, it’s a whole genre of how people do these presentations.» And, to his credit, he listened to me and ultimately allowed me to go forward and … buy this company in Silicon Valley called Forethought, for the product known as PowerPoint.

When PowerPoint was released by Forethought, its initial press was favorable; the Wall Street Journal reported on early reactions: «‘I see about one product a year I get this excited about,’ says Amy Wohl, a consultant in Bala Cynwyd, Pa. ‘People will buy a Macintosh just to get access to this product.‘«^[42]

On April 28, 1987, a week after shipment, a group of Microsoft’s senior executives spent another day at Forethought to hear about initial PowerPoint sales on Macintosh and plans for Windows.^[25]: 191 The following day, Microsoft sent a letter to Dave Winer withdrawing its earlier letter of intent to acquire his company,^[43] and in mid-May 1987 Microsoft sent a letter of intent to acquire Forethought.^[44] As requested in that letter of intent, Robert Gaskins from Forethought went to Redmond for a one-on-one meeting with Bill Gates in early June, 1987,^[25]: 197 and by the end of July an agreement was concluded for an acquisition. The New York Times reported:^[45]

… July 30 1987— The Microsoft Corporation announced its first significant software acquisition today, paying $14 million [$33.4 million in present-day terms^[46]] for Forethought Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif. Forethought makes a program called PowerPoint that allows users of Apple Macintosh computers to make overhead transparencies or flip charts. … [T]he acquisition of Forethought is the first significant one for Microsoft, which is based in Redmond, Wash. Forethought would remain in Sunnyvale, giving Microsoft a Silicon Valley presence. The unit will be headed by Robert Gaskins, Forethought’s vice president of product development.

Microsoft’s president Jon Shirley offered Microsoft’s motivation for the acquisition: «‘We made this deal primarily because of our belief in desktop presentations as a product category. … Forethought was first to market with a product in this category.‘»

Microsoft set up within its Applications Division an independent «Graphics Business Unit» to develop and market PowerPoint, the first Microsoft application group distant from the main Redmond location. All the PowerPoint people from Forethought joined Microsoft, and the new location was headed by Robert Gaskins, with Dennis Austin and Thomas Rudkin leading development.^[48] PowerPoint 1.0 for Macintosh was modified to indicate the new Microsoft ownership and continued to be sold.^[48]

A new PowerPoint 2.0 for Macintosh, adding color 35 mm slides, appeared by mid-1988,^[48] and again received good reviews.^[49] The same PowerPoint 2.0 product re-developed for Windows was shipped two years later, in mid-1990, at the same time as Windows 3.0.^[50] Much of the color technology was the fruit of a joint development partnership with Genigraphics, at that time the dominant presentation services company.^[51]

PowerPoint 3.0, which was shipped in 1992 for both Windows and Mac, added live video for projectors and monitors, with the result that PowerPoint was thereafter used for delivering presentations as well as for preparing them. This was at first an alternative to overhead transparencies and 35 mm slides, but over time would come to replace them.^[52]

Part of Microsoft Office (since 1993)[edit]

PowerPoint had been included in Microsoft Office from the beginning. PowerPoint 2.0 for Macintosh was part of the first Office bundle for Macintosh which was offered in mid-1989.^[53] When PowerPoint 2.0 for Windows appeared, a year later, it was part of a similar Office bundle for Windows, which was offered in late 1990.^[54] Both of these were bundling promotions, in which the independent applications were packaged together and offered for a lower total price.^[53][54]

PowerPoint 3.0 (1992) was again separately specified and developed,^[13] and was prominently advertised and sold separately from Office.^[55] It was, as before, included in Microsoft Office 3.0, both for Windows and the corresponding version for Macintosh.^[56]

A plan to integrate the applications themselves more tightly had been indicated as early as February 1991, toward the end of PowerPoint 3.0 development, in an internal memo by Bill Gates:^[57]

Another important question is what portion of our applications sales over time will be a set of applications versus a single product. … Please assume that we stay ahead in integrating our family together in evaluating our future strategies—the product teams WILL deliver on this. … I believe that we should position the «OFFICE» as our most important application.

The move from bundling separate products to integrated development began with PowerPoint 4.0, developed in 1993–1994 under new management from Redmond.^[58] The PowerPoint group in Silicon Valley was reorganized from the independent «Graphics Business Unit» (GBU) to become the «Graphics Product Unit» (GPU) for Office, and PowerPoint 4.0 changed to adopt a converged user interface and other components shared with the other apps in Office.^[13]

When it was released, the computer press reported on the change approvingly: «PowerPoint 4.0 has been re-engineered from the ground up to resemble and work with the latest applications in Office: Word 6.0, Excel 5.0, and Access 2.0. The integration is so good, you’ll have to look twice to make sure you’re running PowerPoint and not Word or Excel.»^[59] Office integration was further underscored in the following version, PowerPoint 95, which was given the version number PowerPoint 7.0 (skipping 5.0 and 6.0) so that all the components of Office would share the same major version number.^[60]

Although PowerPoint by this point had become part of the integrated Microsoft Office product, its development remained in Silicon Valley. Succeeding versions of PowerPoint introduced important changes, particularly version 12.0 (2007) which had a very different shared Office «ribbon» user interface, and a new shared Office XML-based file format.^[61] This marked the 20th anniversary of PowerPoint, and Microsoft held an event to commemorate that anniversary at its Silicon Valley Campus for the PowerPoint team there. Special guests were Robert Gaskins, Dennis Austin, and Thomas Rudkin, and the featured speaker was Jeff Raikes, all from PowerPoint 1.0 days, 20 years before.^[62]

Since then major development of PowerPoint as part of Office has continued. New development techniques (shared across Office) for PowerPoint 2016 have made it possible to ship versions of PowerPoint 2016 for Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, and web access nearly simultaneously,^{[citation needed]} and to release new features on an almost monthly schedule.^[63] PowerPoint development is still carried out in Silicon Valley as of 2017.^[64]

In 2010, Jeff Raikes, who had most recently been President of the Business Division of Microsoft (including responsibility for Office),^[65] observed: «of course, today we know that PowerPoint is oftentimes the number two—or in some cases even the number one—most-used tool» among the applications in Office.^[39]

[edit]

PowerPoint’s initial sales were about 40,000 copies sold in 1987 (nine months), about 85,000 copies in 1988, and about 100,000 copies in 1989, all for Macintosh.^[66] PowerPoint’s market share in its first three years was a tiny part of the total presentation market, which was very heavily dominated by MS-DOS applications on PCs. The market leaders on MS-DOS in 1988–1989^[68] were Harvard Graphics (introduced by Software Publishing in 1986^[69]) in first place, and Lotus Freelance Plus (also introduced in 1986^[70]) as a strong second.^[71] They were competing with more than a dozen other MS-DOS presentation products,^[72] and Microsoft did not develop a PowerPoint version for MS-DOS.^[73] After three years, PowerPoint sales were disappointing. Jeff Raikes, who had bought PowerPoint for Microsoft, later recalled: «By 1990, it looked like it wasn’t a very smart idea [for Microsoft to have acquired PowerPoint], because not very many people were using PowerPoint.»^[39]

This began to change when the first version for Windows, PowerPoint 2.0, brought sales up to about 200,000 copies in 1990 and to about 375,000 copies in 1991, with Windows units outselling Macintosh.^[66]: 403 PowerPoint sold about 1 million copies in 1992, of which about 80 percent were for Windows and about 20 percent for Macintosh,^[66]: 403 and in 1992 PowerPoint’s market share of worldwide presentation graphics software sales was reported as 63 percent.^[66]: 404 By the last six months of 1992, PowerPoint revenue was running at a rate of over $100 million annually ($239 million in present-day terms^[46]).^{[66]: 405 [74]}

Sales of PowerPoint 3.0 doubled to about 2 million copies in 1993, of which about 90 percent were for Windows and about 10 percent for Macintosh,^[66]: 403 and in 1993 PowerPoint’s market share of worldwide presentation graphics software sales was reported as 78 percent.^[66]: 404 In both years, about half of total revenue came from sales outside the U.S.^[66]: 404

By 1997 PowerPoint sales had doubled again, to more than 4 million copies annually, representing 85 percent of the world market.^[75] Also in 1997, an internal publication from the PowerPoint group said that by then over 20 million copies of PowerPoint were in use, and that total revenues from PowerPoint over its first ten years (1987 to 1996) had already exceeded $1 billion.^[76]

Since the late 1990s, PowerPoint’s market share of total world presentation software has been estimated at 95 percent by both industry and academic sources.^[77]

Operation[edit]

The earliest version of PowerPoint (1987 for Macintosh) could be used to print black and white pages to be photocopied onto sheets of transparent film for projection from overhead projectors, and to print speaker’s notes and audience handouts; the next version (1988 for Macintosh, 1990 for Windows) was extended to also produce color 35mm slides by communicating a file over a modem to a Genigraphics imaging center with slides returned by overnight delivery for projection from slide projectors. PowerPoint was used for planning and preparing a presentation, but not for delivering it (apart from previewing it on a computer screen, or distributing printed paper copies).^[78] The operation of PowerPoint changed substantially in its third version (1992 for Windows and Macintosh), when PowerPoint was extended to also deliver a presentation by producing direct video output to digital projectors or large monitors.^[78] In 1992 video projection of presentations was rare and expensive, and practically unknown from a laptop computer. Robert Gaskins, one of the creators of PowerPoint, says he publicly demonstrated that use for the first time at a large Microsoft meeting held in Paris on February 25, 1992, by using an unreleased development build of PowerPoint 3.0 running on an early pre-production sample of a powerful new color laptop and feeding a professional auditorium video projector.^{[79]: 373–375}

By about 2003, ten years later, digital projection had become the dominant mode of use, replacing transparencies and 35mm slides and their projectors.^{[79]: 410–414 [80]} As a result, the meaning of «PowerPoint presentation» narrowed to mean specifically digital projection:^[81]

… in the business lexicon, «PowerPoint presentation» had come to refer to a presentation made using a PowerPoint slideshow projected from a computer. Although the PowerPoint software had been used to generate transparencies for over a decade, this usage was not typically encompassed by a common understanding of the term.

In contemporary operation, PowerPoint is used to create a file (called a «presentation» or «deck») containing a sequence of pages (called «slides» in the app) which usually have a consistent style (from template masters), and which may contain information imported from other apps or created in PowerPoint, including text, bullet lists, tables, charts, drawn shapes, images, audio clips, video clips, animations of elements, and animated transitions between slides, plus attached notes for each slide.^[82]

After such a file is created, typical operation is to present it as a slide show using a portable computer, where the presentation file is stored on the computer or available from a network, and the computer’s screen shows a «presenter view» with current slide, next slide, speaker’s notes for the current slide, and other information.^[83] Video is sent from the computer to one or more external digital projectors or monitors, showing only the current slide to the audience, with sequencing controlled by the speaker at the computer. A smartphone remote control built in to PowerPoint for iOS (optionally controlled from Apple Watch)^[84] and for Android^[85] allows the presenter to control the show from elsewhere in the room.

In addition to a computer slide show projected to a live audience by a speaker, PowerPoint can be used to deliver a presentation in a number of other ways:

• Displayed on the screen of the presentation computer or tablet (for a very small group)^[86]
• Printed for distribution as paper documents (in several formats)^[87]
• Distributed as files for private viewing, even on computers without PowerPoint^[88]
• Packaged for distribution on CD or a network, including linked and embedded data^[89]
• Transmitted as a live broadcast presentation over the web^[90]
• Embedded in a web page or blog^[91]
• Shared on social networks such as Facebook or Twitter^[92]
• Set up as a self-running unattended display^[93]
• Recorded as video/audio (H.264/AAC), to be distributed as for any other video^[94]

Some of these ways of using PowerPoint have been studied by JoAnne Yates and Wanda Orlikowski of the MIT Sloan School of Management:^[81]

The standard form of such presentations involves a single person standing before a group of people, talking and using the PowerPoint slideshow to project visual aids onto a screen. … In practice, however, presentations are not always delivered in this mode. In our studies, we often found that the presenter sat at a table with a small group of people and walked them through a «deck», composed of paper copies of the slides. In some cases, decks were simply distributed to individuals, without even a walk-through or discussion. … Other variations in the form included sending the PowerPoint file electronically to another site and talking through the slides over an audio or video channel (e.g., telephone or video conference) as both parties viewed the slides. … Another common variation was placing a PowerPoint file on a web site for people to view at different times.

They found that some of these ways of using PowerPoint could influence the content of presentations, for example when «the slides themselves have to carry more of the substance of the presentation, and thus need considerably more content than they would have if they were intended for projection by a speaker who would orally provide additional details and nuance about content and context.»^[81]

Other platforms[edit]

PowerPoint for mobile[edit]

PowerPoint Mobile is included with Windows Mobile 5.0. It is a presentation program capable of reading and editing Microsoft PowerPoint presentations, although authoring abilities are limited to adding notes, editing text, and rearranging slides. It can’t create new presentations.^[95][96] Versions of PowerPoint Mobile for Windows Phone 7 can also watch presentation broadcasts streamed from the Internet.^[97] In 2015, Microsoft released PowerPoint Mobile for Windows 10 as a universal app. In this version of PowerPoint users can create and edit new presentations, present, and share their PowerPoint documents.^[98]

PowerPoint for the web[edit]

PowerPoint for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft PowerPoint available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word.

PowerPoint for the web does not support inserting or editing charts, equations, or audio or video stored on your PC, but they are all displayed in the presentation if they were added in using a desktop app. Some elements, like WordArt effects or more advanced animations and transitions, are not displayed at all, although they are preserved in the document. PowerPoint for the web also lacks the Outline, Master, Slide Sorter, and Presenter views present in the desktop app, as well as having limited printing options.^[99]

Cultural impact[edit]

Business uses[edit]

PowerPoint was originally targeted just for business presentations. Robert Gaskins, who was responsible for its design, has written about his intended customers: «… I did not target other existing large groups of users of presentations, such as school teachers or military officers. … I also did not plan to target people who were not existing users of presentations … such as clergy and school children … . Our focus was purely on business users, in small and large companies, from one person to the largest multinationals.»^{[100]: 76–77} Business people had for a long time made presentations for sales calls and for internal company communications, and PowerPoint produced the same formats in the same style and for the same purposes.^[100]: 420

PowerPoint use in business grew over its first five years (1987-1992) to sales of about 1 million copies annually, for worldwide market share of 63 percent.^[66] Over the following five years (1992-1997) PowerPoint sales accelerated, to a rate of about 4 million copies annually, for worldwide market share of 85 percent.^[101] The increase in business use has been attributed to «network effects,» whereby additional users of PowerPoint in a company or an industry increased its salience and value to other users.^[102]

Not everyone immediately approved of the greater use of PowerPoint for presentations, even in business. CEOs who very early were reported to discourage or ban PowerPoint presentations at internal business meetings included Lou Gerstner (at IBM, in 1993),^[103] Scott McNealy (at Sun Microsystems, in 1996),^[104] and Steve Jobs (at Apple, in 1997).^[105] But even so, Rich Gold, a scholar who studied corporate presentation use at Xerox PARC, could write in 1999: «Within today’s corporation, if you want to communicate an idea … you use PowerPoint.»^[106]

Uses beyond business[edit]

At the same time that PowerPoint was becoming dominant in business settings, it was also being adopted for uses beyond business: «Personal computing … scaled up the production of presentations. … The result has been the rise of presentation culture. In an information society, nearly everyone presents.»^[107]

In 1998, at about the same time that Gold was pronouncing PowerPoint’s ubiquity in business, the influential Bell Labs engineer Robert W. Lucky could already write about broader uses:^[108]

… the world has run amok with the giddy power of presentation graphics. A new language is in the air, and it is codified in PowerPoint. … In a family discussion about what to do on a given evening, for example, I feel like pulling out my laptop and giving a Vugraph presentation… In church, I am surprised that the preachers haven’t caught on yet. … How have we gotten on so long without PowerPoint?

Over a decade or so, beginning in the mid 1990s, PowerPoint began to be used in many communication situations, well beyond its original business presentation uses, to include teaching in schools^[109] and in universities,^[110] lecturing in scientific meetings^[111] (and preparing their related poster sessions^[112]), worshipping in churches,^[113] making legal arguments in courtrooms,^[114] displaying supertitles in theaters,^[115] driving helmet-mounted displays in spacesuits for NASA astronauts,^[116] giving military briefings,^[117] issuing governmental reports,^[118] undertaking diplomatic negotiations,^[119][120] writing novels,^[121] giving architectural demonstrations,^[122] prototyping website designs,^[123] creating animated video games,^[124] creating art projects,^[125] and even as a substitute for writing engineering technical reports,^[126] and as an organizing tool for writing general business documents.^[127]

By 2003, it seemed that PowerPoint was being used everywhere. Julia Keller reported for the Chicago Tribune:^[128]

PowerPoint … is one of the most pervasive and ubiquitous technological tools ever concocted. In less than a decade, it has revolutionized the worlds of business, education, science, and communications, swiftly becoming the standard for just about anybody who wants to explain just about anything to just about anybody else. From corporate middle managers reporting on production goals to 4th-graders fashioning a show-and-tell on the French and Indian War to church pastors explicating the seven deadly sins … PowerPoint seems poised for world domination.

Cultural reactions[edit]

As uses broadened, cultural awareness of PowerPoint grew and commentary about it began to appear. «With the widespread adoption of PowerPoint came complaints … often very general statements reflecting dissatisfaction with modern media and communication practices as well as the dysfunctions of organizational culture.»^[129] Indications of this awareness included increasing mentions of PowerPoint use in the Dilbert comic strips of Scott Adams,^[130] comic parodies of poor or inappropriate use such as the Gettysburg Address in PowerPoint^[131][132] or summaries of Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Nabokov’s Lolita in PowerPoint,^[133] and a vast number of publications on the general subject of PowerPoint, especially about how to use it.^[134][135]

Out of all the analyses of PowerPoint over a quarter of a century, at least three general themes emerged as categories of reaction to its broader use: (1) «Use it less»: avoid PowerPoint in favor of alternatives, such as using more-complex graphics and written prose, or using nothing;^[18] (2) «Use it differently»: make a major change to a PowerPoint style that is simpler and pictorial, turning the presentation toward a performance, more like a Steve Jobs keynote;^[19] and (3) «Use it better»: retain much of the conventional PowerPoint style but learn to avoid making many kinds of mistakes that can interfere with communication.^[20]

Use it less[edit]

An early reaction was that the broader use of PowerPoint was a mistake, and should be reversed. An influential example of this came from Edward Tufte, an authority on information design, who has been a professor of political science, statistics, and computer science at Princeton and Yale, but is best known for his self-published books on data visualization, which have sold nearly 2 million copies as of 2014.^[136]

In 2003, he published a widely-read booklet titled The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint, revised in 2006.^[18] Tufte found a number of problems with the «cognitive style» of PowerPoint, many of which he attributed to the standard default style templates:^[18]

PowerPoint’s convenience for some presenters is costly to the content and the audience. These costs arise from the cognitive style characteristics of the standard default PP presentation: foreshortening of evidence and thought, low spatial resolution, an intensely hierarchical single-path structure as the model for organizing every type of content, breaking up narratives and data into slides and minimal fragments, rapid temporal sequencing of thin information rather than focused spatial analysis, conspicuous chartjunk and PP Phluff, branding of slides with logotypes, a preoccupation with format not content, incompetent designs for data graphics and tables, and a smirky commercialism that turns information into a sales pitch and presenters into marketeers [italics in original].

Tufte particularly advised against using PowerPoint for reporting scientific analyses, using as a dramatic example some slides made during the flight of the space shuttle Columbia after it had been damaged by an accident at liftoff, slides which poorly communicated the engineers’ limited understanding of what had happened.^{[18]: 8–14} For such technical presentations, and for most occasions apart from its initial domain of sales presentations, Tufte advised against using PowerPoint at all; in many situations, according to Tufte, it would be better to substitute high-resolution graphics or concise prose documents as handouts for the audience to study and discuss, providing a great deal more detail.^[18]

Many commentators enthusiastically joined in Tufte’s vivid criticism of PowerPoint uses,^[137] and at a conference held in 2013 (a decade after Tufte’s booklet appeared) one paper claimed that «Despite all the criticism about his work, Tufte can be considered as the single most influential author in the discourse on PowerPoint. … While his approach was not rigorous from a research perspective, his articles received wide resonance with the public at large … .»^[138] There were also others who disagreed with Tufte’s assertion that the PowerPoint program reduces the quality of presenters’ thoughts: Steven Pinker, professor of psychology at MIT and later Harvard, had earlier argued that «If anything, PowerPoint, if used well, would ideally reflect the way we think.»^[139] Pinker later reinforced this opinion: «Any general opposition to PowerPoint is just dumb, … It’s like denouncing lectures—before there were awful PowerPoint presentations, there were awful scripted lectures, unscripted lectures, slide shows, chalk talks, and so on.»^[140]

Much of the early commentary, on all sides, was «informal» and «anecdotal», because empirical research had been limited.^[141]

Use it differently[edit]

A second reaction to PowerPoint use was to say that PowerPoint can be used well, but only by substantially changing its style of use. This reaction is exemplified by Richard E. Mayer, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who has studied cognition and learning, particularly the design of educational multimedia, and who has published more than 500 publications, including over 30 books.^[142] Mayer’s theme has been that «In light of the science, it is up to us to make a fundamental shift in our thinking—we can no longer expect people to struggle to try to adapt to our PowerPoint habits. Instead, we have to change our PowerPoint habits to align with the way people learn.»^[19]

Tufte had argued his judgment that the information density of text on PowerPoint slides was too low, perhaps only 40 words on a slide, leading to over-simplified messages;^[143] Mayer responded that his empirical research showed exactly the opposite, that the amount of text on PowerPoint slides was usually too high, and that even fewer than 40 words on a slide resulted in «PowerPoint overload» that impeded understanding during presentations.^[144]

Mayer suggested a few major changes from traditional PowerPoint formats:^[19]

• replacing brief slide titles with longer «headlines» expressing complete ideas;
• showing more slides but simpler ones;
• removing almost all text including nearly all bullet lists (reserving the text for the spoken narration);
• using larger, higher-quality, and more important graphics and photographs;
• removing all extraneous decoration, backgrounds, logos and identifications, everything but the essential message.

Mayer’s ideas are claimed by Carmine Gallo to have been reflected in Steve Jobs’s presentations: «Mayer outlined fundamental principles of multimedia design based on what scientists know about cognitive functioning. Steve Jobs’s slides adhere to each of Mayer’s principles … .»^[145]: 92 Though not unique to Jobs, many people saw the style for the first time in Jobs’s famous product introductions.^[146] Steve Jobs would have been using Apple’s Keynote which was designed for Jobs’s own slide shows beginning in 2003, but Gallo says that «speaking like Jobs has little to do with the type of presentation software you use (PowerPoint, Keynote,etc.) … all the techniques apply equally to PowerPoint and Keynote.»^{[145]: 14, 46} Gallo adds that «Microsoft’s PowerPoint has one big advantage over Apple’s Keynote presentation software—it’s everywhere … it’s safe to say that the number of Keynote presentations is minuscule in comparison with PowerPoint. Although most presentation designers who are familiar with both formats prefer to work in the more elegant Keynote system, those same designers will tell you that the majority of their client work is done in PowerPoint.»^[145]: 44

Consistent with its association with Steve Jobs’s keynotes, a response to this style has been that it is particularly effective for «ballroom-style presentations» (as often given in conference center ballrooms) where a celebrated and practiced speaker addresses a large passive audience, but less appropriate for «conference room-style presentations» which are often recurring internal business meetings for in-depth discussion with motivated counterparts.^[147]

Use it better[edit]

A third reaction to PowerPoint use was to conclude that the standard style is capable of being used well, but that many small points need to be executed carefully, to avoid impeding understanding. This kind of analysis is particularly associated with Stephen Kosslyn, a cognitive neuroscientist who specializes in the psychology of learning and visual communication, and who has been head of the department of psychology at Harvard, has been Director of Stanford’s Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and has published some 300 papers and 14 books.^[148]

Kosslyn presented a set of psychological principles of «human perception, memory, and comprehension» that «appears to capture the major points of agreement among researchers.»^[149] He reports that his experiments support the idea that it is not intuitive or obvious how to create effective PowerPoint presentations that conform to those agreed principles, and that even small differences that might not seem significant to a presenter can produce very different results in audiences’ understanding. For this reason, Kosslyn says, users need specific education to be able to identify best ways to avoid «flaws and failures»:^[149]

Specifically, we hypothesized and found that the psychological principles are often violated in PowerPoint slideshows across different fields … , that some types of presentation flaws are noticeable and annoying to audience members … , and that observers have difficulty identifying many violations in graphical displays in individual slides … . These studies converge in painting the following picture: PowerPoint presentations are commonly flawed; some types of flaws are more common than others; flaws are not isolated to one domain or context; and, although some types of flaws annoy the audience, flaws at the level of slide design are not always obvious to an untrained observer … .

The many «flaws and failures» identified were those «likely to disrupt the comprehension or memory of the material.» Among the most common examples were «Bulleted items are not presented individually, growing the list from the top to the bottom,» «More than four bulleted items appear in a single list,» «More than two lines are used per bulleted sentence,» and «Words are not large enough (i.e., greater than 20 point) to be easily seen.» Among audience reactions common problems reported were «Speakers read word-for-word from notes or from the slides themselves,» «The slides contained too much material to absorb before the next slide was presented,» and «The main point was obscured by lots of irrelevant detail.»^[149]

Kosslyn observes that these findings could help to explain why the many studies of the instructional effectiveness of PowerPoint have been inconclusive and conflicting, if there were differences in the quality of the presentations tested in different studies that went unobserved because «many may feel that ‘good design’ is intuitively clear.»^[149]

In 2007 Kosslyn wrote a book about PowerPoint, in which he suggested a very large number of fairly modest changes to PowerPoint styles and gave advice on recommended ways of using PowerPoint.^[20] In a later second book about PowerPoint he suggested nearly 150 clarifying style changes (in fewer than 150 pages).^[150] Kosslyn summarizes:^{[20]: 2–3, 200}

… there’s nothing fundamentally wrong with the PowerPoint program as a medium; rather, I claim that the problem lies in how it is used. … In fact, this medium is a remarkably versatile tool that can be extraordinarily effective. … For many purposes, PowerPoint presentations are a superior medium of communication, which is why they have become standard in so many fields.

In 2017, an online poll of social media users in the UK was reported to show that PowerPoint «remains as popular with young tech-savvy users as it is with the Baby Boomers,» with about four out of five saying that «PowerPoint was a great tool for making presentations,» in part because «PowerPoint, with its capacity to be highly visual, bridges the wordy world of yesterday with the visual future of tomorrow.»^[151]

Also in 2017, the Managerial Communication Group of MIT Sloan School of Management polled their incoming MBA students, finding that «results underscore just how differently this generation communicates as compared with older workers.»^[152] Fewer than half of respondents reported doing any meaningful, longer-form writing at work, and even that minority mostly did so very infrequently, but «85 percent of students named producing presentations as a meaningful part of their job responsibilities. Two-thirds report that they present on a daily or weekly basis—so it’s no surprise that in-person presentations is the top skill they hope to improve.»^[152] One of the researchers concluded: «We’re not likely to see future workplaces with long-form writing. The trend is toward presentations and slides, and we don’t see any sign of that slowing down.»^[152]

U.S. military excess[edit]

Use of PowerPoint by the U.S. military services began slowly, because they were invested in mainframe computers, MS-DOS PCs and specialized military-specification graphic output devices, all of which PowerPoint did not support.^[153] But because of the strong military tradition of presenting briefings, as soon as they acquired the computers needed to run it, PowerPoint became part of the U.S. military.^[154]

By 2000, ten years after PowerPoint for Windows appeared, it was already identified as an important feature of U.S. armed forces culture, in a front-page story in the Wall Street Journal:^[155]

Old-fashioned slide briefings, designed to update generals on troop movements, have been a staple of the military since World War II. But in only a few short years PowerPoint has altered the landscape. Just as word processing made it easier to produce long, meandering memos, the spread of PowerPoint has unleashed a blizzard of jazzy but often incoherent visuals. Instead of drawing up a dozen slides on a legal pad and running them over to the graphics department, captains and colonels now can create hundreds of slides in a few hours without ever leaving their desks. If the spirit moves them they can build in gunfire sound effects and images that explode like land mines. … PowerPoint has become such an ingrained part of the defense culture that it has seeped into the military lexicon. «PowerPoint Ranger» is a derogatory term for a desk-bound bureaucrat more adept at making slides than tossing grenades.

U.S. military use of PowerPoint may have influenced its use by armed forces of other countries: «Foreign armed services also are beginning to get in on the act. ‘You can’t speak with the U.S. military without knowing PowerPoint,’ says Margaret Hayes, an instructor at National Defense University in Washington D.C., who teaches Latin American military officers how to use the software.»^[155]

After another 10 years, in 2010 (and again on its front page) the New York Times reported that PowerPoint use in the military was then «a military tool that has spun out of control»:^[156]

Like an insurgency, PowerPoint has crept into the daily lives of military commanders and reached the level of near obsession. The amount of time expended on PowerPoint, the Microsoft presentation program of computer-generated charts, graphs and bullet points, has made it a running joke in the Pentagon and in Iraq and Afghanistan. … Commanders say that behind all the PowerPoint jokes are serious concerns that the program stifles discussion, critical thinking and thoughtful decision-making. Not least, it ties up junior officers … in the daily preparation of slides, be it for a Joint Staff meeting in Washington or for a platoon leader’s pre-mission combat briefing in a remote pocket of Afghanistan.

The New York Times account went on to say that as a result some U.S. generals had banned the use of PowerPoint in their operations:^[156]

«PowerPoint makes us stupid,» Gen. James N. Mattis of the Marine Corps, the Joint Forces commander, said this month at a military conference in North Carolina. (He spoke without PowerPoint.) Brig. Gen. H. R. McMaster, who banned PowerPoint presentations when he led the successful effort to secure the northern Iraqi city of Tal Afar in 2005, followed up at the same conference by likening PowerPoint to an internal threat. «It’s dangerous because it can create the illusion of understanding and the illusion of control,» General McMaster said in a telephone interview afterward. «Some problems in the world are not bullet-izable.»

Several incidents, about the same time, gave wide currency to discussions by serving military officers describing excessive PowerPoint use and the organizational culture that encouraged it.^{[157][158][159]} In response to the New York Times story, Peter Norvig and Stephen M. Kosslyn sent a joint letter to the editor stressing the institutional culture of the military: «… many military personnel bemoan the overuse and misuse of PowerPoint. … The problem is not in the tool itself, but in the way that people use it—which is partly a result of how institutions promote misuse.»^[160]

The two generals who had been mentioned in 2010 as opposing the institutional culture of excessive PowerPoint use were both in the news again in 2017, when James N. Mattis became U.S. Secretary of Defense,^[161] and H. R. McMaster was appointed as U.S. National Security Advisor.^[162]

Artistic medium[edit]

Musician David Byrne has been using PowerPoint as a medium for art for years, producing a book and DVD and showing at galleries his PowerPoint-based artwork.^[125] Byrne has written: «I have been working with PowerPoint, the ubiquitous presentation software, as an art medium for a number of years. It started off as a joke (this software is a symbol of corporate salesmanship, or lack thereof) but then the work took on a life of its own as I realized I could create pieces that were moving, despite the limitations of the ‘medium.‘«^[163]

In 2005 Byrne toured with a theater piece styled as a PowerPoint presentation. When he presented it in Berkeley, on March 8, 2005, the University of California news service reported: «Byrne also defended its [PowerPoint’s] appeal as more than just a business tool—as a medium for art and theater. His talk was titled ‘I ♥ PowerPoint’ … . Berkeley alumnus Bob Gaskins and Dennis Austin … were in the audience … . Eventually, Byrne said, PowerPoint could be the foundation for ‘presentational theater,’ with roots in Brechtian drama and Asian puppet theater.»^[164] After that performance, Byrne described it in his own online journal: «Did the PowerPoint talk in Berkeley for an audience of IT legends and academics. I was terrified. The guys that originally turned PowerPoint into a program were there, what were THEY gonna think? … [Gaskins] did tell me afterwards that he liked the PowerPoint as theater idea, which was a relief.»^[165]

The expressions «PowerPoint Art» or «pptArt» are used to define a contemporary Italian artistic movement which believes that the corporate world can be a unique and exceptional source of inspiration for the artist.^[166][167] They say: «The pptArt name refers to PowerPoint, the symbolic and abstract language developed by the corporate world which has become a universal and highly symbolic communication system beyond cultures and borders.»^[168]

The wide use of PowerPoint had, by 2010, given rise to » … a subculture of PowerPoint enthusiasts [that] is teaching the old application new tricks, and may even be turning a dry presentation format into a full-fledged artistic medium,»^[169] by using PowerPoint animation to create «games, artworks, anime, and movies.»^[170]

PowerPoint Viewer[edit]

PowerPoint Viewer is the name for a series of small free application programs to be used on computers without PowerPoint installed, to view, project, or print (but not create or edit) presentations.^[171]

The first version was introduced with PowerPoint 3.0 in 1992, to enable electronic presentations to be projected using conference-room computers and to be freely distributed; on Windows, it took advantage of the new feature of embedding TrueType fonts within PowerPoint presentation files to make such distribution easier.^[172] The same kind of viewer app was shipped with PowerPoint 3.0 for Macintosh, also in 1992.^[173]

Beginning with PowerPoint 2003, a feature called «Package for CD» automatically managed all linked video and audio files plus needed fonts when exporting a presentation to a disk or flash drive or network location,^[174] and also included a copy of a revised PowerPoint Viewer application so that the result could be presented on other PCs without installing anything.^[175]

The latest version that runs on Windows «was created in conjunction with PowerPoint 2010, but it can also be used to view newer presentations created in PowerPoint 2013 and PowerPoint 2016. … All transitions, videos and effects appear and behave the same when viewed using PowerPoint Viewer as they do when viewed in PowerPoint 2010.» It supports presentations created using PowerPoint 97 and later.^[171] The latest version that runs on Macintosh is PowerPoint 98 Viewer for the Classic Mac OS and Classic Environment, for Macs supporting System 7.5 to Mac OS X Tiger (10.4).^[176] It can open presentations only from PowerPoint 3.0, 4.0, and 8.0 (PowerPoint 98), although presentations created on Mac can be opened in PowerPoint Viewer on Windows.^[177]

As of May 2018, the last versions of PowerPoint Viewer for all platforms have been retired by Microsoft; they are no longer available for download and no longer receive security updates.^[178] The final PowerPoint Viewer for Windows (2010)^[179] and the final PowerPoint Viewer for Classic Mac OS (1998)^[180][181] are available only from archives. The recommended replacements for PowerPoint Viewer: «On Windows 10 PCs, download the free … PowerPoint Mobile application from the Windows Store,»^[178] and «On Windows 7 or Windows 8/8.1 PCs, upload the file to OneDrive and view it for free using … PowerPoint Online.»^[178]

Versions[edit]

Legend:	Old version, not maintained	Older version, still maintained	Current stable version	Latest preview version

PowerPoint release history

Date	Name	Version	System	Comments
April 1987[182]	PowerPoint	1.0	Macintosh	Shipped by Forethought, Inc.
October 1987[183]	PowerPoint	1.01	Macintosh	Relabeled and shipped by Microsoft
May 1988[184]	PowerPoint	2.0	Macintosh
December 1988[185]	PowerPoint	2.01	Macintosh	Added Genigraphics software and services
May 1990[186]	PowerPoint	2.0	Windows	Announced with Windows 3.0, numbered to match contemporary Macintosh version
May 1992[187]	PowerPoint	3.0	Windows	Announced with Windows 3.1
September 1992[188]	PowerPoint	3.0	Macintosh
February 1994[189]	PowerPoint	4.0	Windows
October 1994[190]	PowerPoint	4.0	Macintosh	Native for Power Mac
July 1995[191]	PowerPoint 95	7.0	Windows	Versions 5.0 and 6.0 were skipped on Windows, so all apps in Office 95 were 7.0[192]
January 1997[193]	PowerPoint 97	8.0	Windows
March 1998[194]	PowerPoint 98	8.0	Macintosh	Versions 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 were skipped on Macintosh, to match Windows[195]
June 1999[196]	PowerPoint 2000	9.0	Windows
August 2000[197]	PowerPoint 2001	9.0	Macintosh
May 2001[198]	PowerPoint XP	10.0	Windows
November 2001[199]	PowerPoint v. X	10.0	Macintosh
October 2003[200][201]	PowerPoint 2003	11.0	Windows
June 2004[202]	PowerPoint 2004	11.0	Macintosh
May 2005[203]	PowerPoint Mobile	11.0	Windows Mobile 5
January 2007[204]	PowerPoint 2007	12.0	Windows	End of support October 10, 2017[205]
September 2007[206]	PowerPoint Mobile	12.0	Windows Mobile 6
January 2008[207]	PowerPoint 2008	12.0	Macintosh
June 2010[208]	PowerPoint 2010	14.0	Windows	Version 13.0 was skipped for triskaidekaphobia concerns[209]
June 2010[210]	PowerPoint 2010 Web App	14.0	Web
June 2010[211]	PowerPoint Mobile 2010	14.0	Windows Phone 7
November 2010[212]	PowerPoint 2011	14.0	Macintosh	Version 13.0 was skipped for triskaidekaphobia concerns[209] End of support October 10, 2017[213]
April 2012[214]	PowerPoint Mobile 2010	14.0	Nokia Symbian
October 2012[215]	PowerPoint Web App 2013	15.0	Web
November 2012[216]	PowerPoint Mobile 2013	15.0	Windows Phone 8
November 2012[217]	PowerPoint RT 2013	15.0	Windows RT
January 2013[218]	PowerPoint 2013	15.0	Windows
June 2013[219]	PowerPoint Mobile 2013 for iPhone	15.0	iPhone
July 2013[220]	PowerPoint Mobile 2013 for Android	15.0	Android
February 2014[221]	PowerPoint 2013 Online	15.0	Web
March 2014[222]	PowerPoint 2013 for iPad	15.0	iPad
November 2014[223]	PowerPoint Mobile 2013 for iOS	15.0	iOS
June 2015[224]	PowerPoint Mobile 2016 for Android	16.0	Android
July 2015[225]	PowerPoint 2016 for Macintosh	16.0	Macintosh	There had been no PowerPoint 2013 for Mac.[226] Was version 15.0 from July 2015 to January 2018.[227]
July 2015[228]	PowerPoint Mobile 2016	16.0	Windows 10 Mobile
July 2015[229]	PowerPoint Mobile 2016 for iOS	16.0	iOS
September 2015[230]	PowerPoint 2016 for Windows	16.0	Windows
January 2018[231]	PowerPoint 2016 for Windows Store	16.0	Windows
2018	PowerPoint 2019	17.0	Windows and other OS
Date	Name	Version	System	Comments

PowerPoint 1.0

For Macintosh: April 1987^[182]

Innovations included: multiple slides in a single file, organizing slides with a slide sorter view and a title view (precursor of outline view), speakers’ notes pages attached to each slide, printing of audience handouts with multiple slides per page, text with outlining styles and full word-processor formatting, graphic shapes with attached text for drawing diagrams and tables.^[232] It also shipped with a hardbound book as its manual.^[233]

«It produced overhead transparencies on a black-and-white Macintosh for laser printing. Presenters could now directly control their own overheads and would no longer have to work through the person with the typewriter. PowerPoint handled the task of making the overheads all look alike; one change reformats them all. Typographic fonts were better than an Orator typeball, and charts and diagrams could be imported from MacDraw, MacPaint, and Excel, thanks to the new Mac clipboard.»^[234]

System requirements: (Mac) Original Macintosh or better, System 1.0 or higher, 512K RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 2.0

For Macintosh: May 1988;^[184] for Windows: May 1990^[186]

Part of Microsoft Office for Mac and Microsoft Office for Windows. Innovations included: color, more word processing features, find and replace, spell checking, color schemes for presentations, guide to color selection, ability to change color scheme retrospectively, shaded coloring for fills.^[232]

«It added color 35 mm slides, transmitting the resulting file over a modem to Genigraphics for imaging on Genigraphics’ film recorders and photo processing in Genigraphics’ labs overnight. Genigraphics was the leading professional service bureau, having developed its own Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-11-based computer systems for its artists. After a short time, though, Genigraphics itself switched to PowerPoint.»^[234]

System requirements: (Mac) Original Macintosh or better, System 4.1 or higher, 1 MB RAM. (Windows) 286 PC or higher, Windows 3.0, 1 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 3.0

For Windows, May 1992;^[187] for Mac: September 1992^[188]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 3.0 and Microsoft Office for Mac 3.0. Innovations included: the first application designed exclusively for the new Windows 3.1 platform, full support for TrueType fonts (new in Windows 3.1), presentation templates, editing in outline view, new drawing, including freeform tool, autoshapes, flip, rotate, scale, align, and transforming imported pictures into their drawing primitives to make them editable, transitions between slides in slide show, progressive builds, incorporating sound and video.^[232] Animations included «flying bullets» where bullet points «flew» into the slide one by one, and some degree of Pen Computing support was included.^[233]

«It added video-out to feed the new video projectors, with effects that could replace a bank of synchronized slide projectors. This version added fades, dissolves, and other transitions, as well as animation of text and pictures, and could incorporate video clips with synchronized audio.»^[234]

System requirements: (Windows) 286 PC or higher, Windows 3.1, 2 MB RAM. (Mac) Macintosh Plus or better, System 7 or higher, 4 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 4.0

For Windows: February 1994;^[189] for Mac: October 1994^[190]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 4.0 and Microsoft Office for Mac 4.2. Innovations included: autolayouts, Word tables, rehearsal mode, hidden slides, and the «AutoContent Wizard.»^[233]

Introduced a standard «Microsoft Office» look and feel (shared with Word and Excel), with status bar, toolbars, tooltips. Full OLE 2.0 with in-place activation.^[232]

System requirements: (Windows) 386 PC or higher, Windows 3.1, 8 MB RAM. (Mac) 68020 Mac or better, System 7 or higher, 8 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 7.0

For Windows: July 1995^[191]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 95. Innovations included: new animation effects, real curves and textures, black and white view, autocorrect, insert symbol, meeting support features such as «Meeting Minder.»^[233]

«A complete rewrite of the product from the ground up in C++, full object model with internal VBA programmability.»^[232]

System requirements: (Windows) 386 DX PC or higher, Windows 95, 6 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 8.0

For Windows: January 1997;^[193] for Mac: March 1998^[194]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 97 and Microsoft Office 98 Macintosh Edition. Innovations included: «Office Assistant,» file compression, save to HTML, «Pack and Go,» «AutoClipArt,» transparent GIFs.^[233]

System requirements: (Windows) 486 PC or higher, 8 MB RAM. (Mac) PowerPC Mac or better, 16 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 9.0

For Windows: June 1999;^[196] for Mac: August 2000^[197]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2000 and Microsoft Office for Mac 2001. Innovations included: three-pane «browser» view (selectable list of slide miniatures or titles, large single slide, notes), autofit text, real tables, presentation conferencing, save to web, picture bullets, animated GIFs, aliased fonts.^[233]

System requirements: (Windows) Pentium 75MHz+, Windows 95 or higher, 20 MB RAM. (Mac) PowerPC Mac 120MHz+ or better, MacOS 8.5 or higher, minimum 48 MB RAM.^[235]

PowerPoint 10.0

For Windows: May 2001;^[198] for Mac: November 2001^[199]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows XP and Microsoft Office for Mac v.X. Innovations included: install from web, most clipart on web, use of Exchange and SharePoint for storage and collaboration.^[198]

System requirements: (Windows) Pentium III, Windows 98 or higher, 40 MB RAM.^[235] (Mac) OS X 10.1 («Puma») or later (will not run under OS 9).^[236]

PowerPoint 11.0

For Windows: October 2003;^[200] for Mac: June 2004;^[202] for Mobile: May 2005^[203]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2003 and Microsoft Office for Mac 2004. Innovations included: tools visible to presenter during slide show (notes, thumbnails, time clock, re-order and edit slides), «Package for CD» to write presentation and viewer app to CD.^[202] «Microsoft Producer for PowerPoint 2003» was a free plug-in from Microsoft, using a video camera, «that creates Web page presentations, with talking head narration, coordinated and timed to your existing PowerPoint presentation» for delivery over the web.^[237] The Genigraphics software to send a presentation for imaging as 35mm slides was removed from this version.^[238]

System requirements: (Windows) Pentium 233Mhz+, Windows 2000 with SP3 or later, 128 MB RAM.^[239] (Mac) Power Mac G3 or better, OS X 10.2.8 or later, 256 MB RAM.^[202]

PowerPoint 12.0

For Windows: January 2007;^[204] for Mobile: September 2007;^[206] for Mac: January 2008^[207]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2007 and Microsoft Office for Mac 2008. Innovations included: new user interface («Office Fluent») employing a changeable «ribbon» of tools across the top to replace menus and toolbars, SmartArt graphics, many graphical improvements in text and drawing, improved «Presenter View» (from 2003), widescreen slide formats. The «AutoContent Wizard» was removed from this version.^[240]

A major change in PowerPoint 2007 was from a binary file format, used from 1997 to 2003, to a new XML file format which evolved over further versions.

System requirements: (Windows) 500 MHz processor or higher, Windows XP with SP2 or later, 256 MB RAM.^[241] (Mac) 500 MHz processor or higher, MacOS X 10.4.9 or later, 512 MB RAM.^[242]

PowerPoint 14.0^[209]

For Windows: June 2010;^[208] for Web: June 2010;^[210] for Mobile: June 2010;^[211] for Mac: November 2010,^[212] for Symbian: April 2012^[214]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2010 and Microsoft Office for Mac 2011. Innovations included: Single document interface (SDI), sections within presentations, reading view, redesign of «Backstage» functions (under File menu), save as video, insert video from web, embed video and audio, enhanced editing for video and for pictures, broadcast slideshow.^[243]

System requirements: (Windows) 500 MHz processor or higher, Windows XP with SP3 or later, 256 MB RAM, 512 MB RAM recommended for video.^[244] (Mac) Intel processor, Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later, 1 GB RAM.^[245]

PowerPoint 15.0

For Web: October 2012;^[215] for Mobile: November 2012;^[216] for Windows RT: November 2012;^[217] for Windows: January 2013;^[218] for iPhone: June 2013;^[219] for Android: July 2013;^[220] for Web: February 2014;^[221] for iPad: March 2014;^[222] for iOS: November 2014;^[223] for Mac: July 2015^[225]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2013 and Microsoft Office for Mac 2016. Innovations included: Change default slide shape to 16:9 aspect ratio, online collaboration by multiple authors, user interface redesigned for multi-touch screens, improved audio, video, animations, and transitions, further changes to Presenter View. Clipart collections (and insertion tool) were removed, but available online.^{[246] [247]}

System requirements: (Windows) 1 GHz processor or faster, x86- or x64-bit processor with SSE2 instruction set, Windows 7 or later, 1 GB RAM (32-bit), 2 GB RAM (64-bit).^[248] (Mac) Intel processor, Mac OS X 10.10 or later, 4 GB RAM.^[249]

PowerPoint 16.0

For Android: June 2015;^[224] for Mobile: July 2015;^[228] for iOS: July 2015;^[229] for Windows: September 2015;^[230] and Windows Store: January 2018^[231]

Part of Microsoft Office for Windows 2016. Innovations included: «Tell me» to search for program controls, «PowerPoint Designer» pane, Morph transition, real-time collaboration, «Zoom» to slides or sections in slideshow,^[250] and «Presentation Translator» for real-time translation of a presenter’s spoken words to on-screen captions in any of 60+ languages, with the system analyzing the text of the PowerPoint presentation as context to increase the accuracy and relevance of the translations.^{[251] [252]}

System requirements: (Windows) 1 GHz processor or faster, x86- or x64-bit processor with SSE2 instruction set, Windows 7 with SP 1 or later, 2 GB RAM.^[253]

File formats[edit]

PowerPoint Presentation

Filename extensions	.pptx, .ppt[254]
Internet media type	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint[255]
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)	com.microsoft.powerpoint.ppt[256]
Developed by	Microsoft
Type of format	Presentation

Binary (1987–2007)[edit]

Early versions of PowerPoint, from 1987 through 1995 (versions 1.0 through 7.0), evolved through a sequence of binary file formats, different in each version, as functionality was added.^[257] This set of formats were never documented, but an open-source libmwaw (used by LibreOffice) exists to read them.^[258]

A stable binary format (called a .ppt file, like all earlier binary formats) that was shared as the default in PowerPoint 97 through PowerPoint 2003 for Windows, and in PowerPoint 98 through PowerPoint 2004 for Mac (that is, in PowerPoint versions 8.0 through 11.0) was finally created. It was based on the Compound File Binary Format.^[259][260] The specification document is actively maintained and can be freely downloaded,^[259] because, although no longer the default, that binary format can be read and written by some later versions of PowerPoint, including the current PowerPoint 2016.^[254] After the stable binary format was adopted, versions of PowerPoint continued to be able to read and write differing file formats from earlier versions.^[257] But beginning with PowerPoint 2007 and PowerPoint 2008 for Mac (PowerPoint version 12.0), this was the only binary format available for saving; PowerPoint 2007 (version 12.0) no longer supported saving to binary file formats used earlier than PowerPoint 97 (version 8.0), ten years before.^[261]

The «.pps» and «.ppsx» file extensions are technically the same as «.ppt» and «.pptx», except they are launched as presentation instead of for editing by default.^[262]

Binary filename extensions^[254]

• .ppt, PowerPoint 97–2003 binary presentation
• .pps, PowerPoint 97–2003 binary slide show
• .pot, PowerPoint 97–2003 binary template

Binary media types^[255]

• .ppt, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
• .pps, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
• .pot, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint

Office Open XML (since 2007)[edit]

The big change in PowerPoint 2007 and PowerPoint 2008 for Mac (PowerPoint version 12.0) was that the stable binary file format of 97–2003 was replaced as the default by a new zipped XML-based Office Open XML format (.pptx files).^[263] Microsoft’s explanation of the benefits of the change included: smaller file sizes, up to 75% smaller than comparable binary documents; security, through being able to identify and exclude executable macros and personal data; less chance to be corrupted than binary formats; and easier interoperability for exchanging data among Microsoft and other business applications, all while maintaining backward compatibility.^[264]

XML filename extensions^[254]

• .pptx, PowerPoint 2007 XML presentation
• .pptm, PowerPoint 2007 XML macro-enabled presentation
• .ppsx, PowerPoint 2007 XML slide show
• .ppsm, PowerPoint 2007 XML macro-enabled slide show
• .ppam, PowerPoint 2007 XML add-in
• .potx, PowerPoint 2007 XML template
• .potm, PowerPoint 2007 XML macro-enabled template

XML media types^[255]

• .pptx, application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
• .pptm, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroEnabled.12
• .ppsx, application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow
• .ppsm, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroEnabled.12
• .ppam, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroEnabled.12
• .potx, application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template
• .potm, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroEnabled.12

The specification for the new format was published as an open standard, ECMA-376,^[265] through Ecma International Technical Committee 45 (TC45).^[266] The Ecma 376 standard was approved in December 2006, and was submitted for standardization through ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 WG4 in early 2007. The standardization process was contentious.^[267] It was approved as ISO/IEC 29500 in early 2008.^[268] Copies of the ISO/IEC standard specification are freely available, in two parts.^[269][270] These define two related standards known as «Transitional» and «Strict.» The two standards were progressively adopted by PowerPoint: PowerPoint version 12.0 (2007, 2008 for Mac) could read and write Transitional format, but could neither read nor write Strict format. PowerPoint version 14.0 (2010, 2011 for Mac) could read and write Transitional, and also read but not write Strict. PowerPoint version 15.0 and later (beginning 2013, 2016 for Mac) can read and write both Transitional and Strict formats. The reason for the two variants was explained by Microsoft:^[271]

… the participants in the ISO/IEC standardization process recognized two objectives with competing requirements. The first objective was for the Open XML standard to provide an XML-based file format that could fully support conversion of the billions of existing Office documents without any loss of features, content, text, layout, or other information, including embedded data. The second was to specify a file format that did not rely on Microsoft-specific data types. They created two variants of Open XML—Transitional, which supports previously-defined Microsoft-specific data types, and Strict, which does not rely on them. Prior versions of Office [that is, 2007] have supported reading and writing Transitional Open XML, and Office 2010 can read Strict Open XML documents. With the addition of write support for Strict Open XML, Office 2013 provides full support for both variants of Open XML.

The PowerPoint .pptx file format (called «PresentationML» for Presentation Markup Language) contains separate structures for all the complex parts of a PowerPoint presentation.^[272][273] The specification documents run to over six thousand pages.^[274] Because of the widespread use of PowerPoint, the standardized file formats are considered important for the long-term access to digital documents in library collections and archives, according to the U.S. Library of Congress.^[275]

PowerPoint 2013 and PowerPoint 2016 provide options to set default saving to ISO/IEC 29500 Strict format, but the initial default setting remains Transitional, for compatibility with legacy features incorporating binary data in existing documents.^[276] PowerPoint 2013 or PowerPoint 2016 will both open and save files in the former binary format (.ppt), for compatibility with older versions of the program (but not versions older than PowerPoint 97).^[254][277] In saving to older formats, these versions of PowerPoint will check to assure that no features have been introduced into the presentation which are incompatible with the older formats.^[263]

PowerPoint 2013 and 2016 will also save a presentation in many other file formats, including PDF format, MPEG-4 or WMV video, as a sequence of single-picture files (using image formats including GIF, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, and some older formats), and as a single presentation file in which all slides are replaced with pictures. PowerPoint will both open and save files in OpenDocument Presentation format (ODP) for compatibility.^[254]

See also[edit]

• Microsoft Office password protection
• PowerPoint Karaoke
• Web-based slideshow

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Reuss, Elke I.; Signer, Beat; Norrie, Moira C. (2008). «PowerPoint Multimedia Presentations in Computer Science Education: What do Users Need?». Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Usability & HCI for Education and Work (USAB 2008). Graz, Austria. pp. 281–298.
  • Also available at: [1]
• Lowenthal, Patrick R. (2009). «Improving the Design of PowerPoint Presentations» (PDF). In Lowenthal, Patrick R.; Thomas, David; Thai, Anna; Yuhnke, Brian (eds.). The CU Online Handbook 2009. University of Colorado Denver. pp. 61–66.
• Kalyuga, Slava; Chandler, Paul; Sweller, John (2004). «When Redundant On-Screen Text in Multimedia Technical Instruction Can Interfere With Learning». Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 46 (3): 567–581. doi:10.1518/hfes.46.3.567.50405. PMID 15573552. S2CID 6992108.
  • Also available at: [2] (Feb 2015).

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Microsoft PowerPoint at Curlie