Какую функцию выполняет привилегия windows bypass traverse checking - Доктор Windows

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4656(S, F) A handle to an object was requested. (Windows 10)	Describes security event 4656(S, F) A handle to an object was requested.	security	windows-client	deploy	library	none	vinaypamnani-msft	09/07/2021		aaroncz	vinpa	itpro-security	reference

4656(S, F): A handle to an object was requested.

Subcategories: Audit File System, Audit Kernel Object, Audit Registry, and Audit Removable Storage

Event Description:

This event indicates that specific access was requested for an object. The object could be a file system, kernel, or registry object, or a file system object on removable storage or a device.

If access was declined, a Failure event is generated.

This event generates only if the object’s SACL has the required ACE to handle the use of specific access rights.

This event shows that access was requested, and the results of the request, but it doesn’t show that the operation was performed. To see that the operation was performed, check “4663(S): An attempt was made to access an object.”

Note For recommendations, see Security Monitoring Recommendations for this event.

Event XML:

- <Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
- <System>
 <Provider Name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing" Guid="{54849625-5478-4994-A5BA-3E3B0328C30D}" /> 
 <EventID>4656</EventID> 
 <Version>1</Version> 
 <Level>0</Level> 
 <Task>12800</Task> 
 <Opcode>0</Opcode> 
 <Keywords>0x8010000000000000</Keywords> 
 <TimeCreated SystemTime="2015-09-18T22:15:19.346776600Z" /> 
 <EventRecordID>274057</EventRecordID> 
 <Correlation /> 
 <Execution ProcessID="516" ThreadID="524" /> 
 <Channel>Security</Channel> 
 <Computer>DC01.contoso.local</Computer> 
 <Security /> 
 </System>
- <EventData>
 <Data Name="SubjectUserSid">S-1-5-21-3457937927-2839227994-823803824-1104</Data> 
 <Data Name="SubjectUserName">dadmin</Data> 
 <Data Name="SubjectDomainName">CONTOSO</Data> 
 <Data Name="SubjectLogonId">0x4367b</Data> 
 <Data Name="ObjectServer">Security</Data> 
 <Data Name="ObjectType">File</Data> 
 <Data Name="ObjectName">C:\Documents\HBI Data.txt</Data> 
 <Data Name="HandleId">0x0</Data> 
 <Data Name="TransactionId">{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}</Data> 
 <Data Name="AccessList">%%1538 %%1541 %%4416 %%4417 %%4418 %%4419 %%4420 %%4423 %%4424</Data> 
 <Data Name="AccessReason">%%1538: %%1804 %%1541: %%1809 %%4416: %%1809 %%4417: %%1809 %%4418: %%1802 D:(D;;LC;;;S-1-5-21-3457937927-2839227994-823803824-1104) %%4419: %%1809 %%4420: %%1809 %%4423: %%1811 D:(A;OICI;FA;;;S-1-5-21-3457937927-2839227994-823803824-1104) %%4424: %%1809</Data> 
 <Data Name="AccessMask">0x12019f</Data> 
 <Data Name="PrivilegeList">-</Data> 
 <Data Name="RestrictedSidCount">0</Data> 
 <Data Name="ProcessId">0x1074</Data> 
 <Data Name="ProcessName">C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe</Data> 
 <Data Name="ResourceAttributes">S:AI(RA;ID;;;;WD;("Impact_MS",TI,0x10020,3000))</Data> 
 </EventData>
 </Event>

Required Server Roles: None.

Minimum OS Version: Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista.

Event Versions:

0 — Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista.
1 — Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.
- Added “Resource Attributes” field.
- Added “Access Reasons” field.

Field Descriptions:

Subject:

Security ID [Type = SID]: SID of account that requested a handle to an object. Event Viewer automatically tries to resolve SIDs and show the account name. If the SID cannot be resolved, you will see the source data in the event.

Note A security identifier (SID) is a unique value of variable length used to identify a trustee (security principal). Each account has a unique SID that is issued by an authority, such as an Active Directory domain controller, and stored in a security database. Each time a user logs on, the system retrieves the SID for that user from the database and places it in the access token for that user. The system uses the SID in the access token to identify the user in all subsequent interactions with Windows security. When a SID has been used as the unique identifier for a user or group, it cannot ever be used again to identify another user or group. For more information about SIDs, see Security identifiers.

Account Name [Type = UnicodeString]: the name of the account that requested a handle to an object.
Account Domain [Type = UnicodeString]: subject’s domain or computer name. Formats vary, and include the following:
- Domain NETBIOS name example: CONTOSO
- Lowercase full domain name: contoso.local
- Uppercase full domain name: CONTOSO.LOCAL
- For some well-known security principals, such as LOCAL SERVICE or ANONYMOUS LOGON, the value of this field is “NT AUTHORITY”.
- For local user accounts, this field will contain the name of the computer or device that this account belongs to, for example: “Win81”.
Logon ID [Type = HexInt64]: hexadecimal value that can help you correlate this event with recent events that might contain the same Logon ID, for example, “4624: An account was successfully logged on.”

Object:

Object Server [Type = UnicodeString]: has “Security” value for this event.
Object Type [Type = UnicodeString]: The type of an object that was accessed during the operation.

The following table contains the list of the most common Object Types:

Directory	Event	Timer	Device
Mutant	Type	File	Token
Thread	Section	WindowStation	DebugObject
FilterCommunicationPort	EventPair	Driver	IoCompletion
Controller	SymbolicLink	WmiGuid	Process
Profile	Desktop	KeyedEvent	Adapter
Key	WaitablePort	Callback	Semaphore
Job	Port	FilterConnectionPort	ALPC Port

Object Name [Type = UnicodeString]: name and other identifying information for the object for which access was requested. For example, for a file, the path would be included.
Handle ID [Type = Pointer]: hexadecimal value of a handle to Object Name. This field can help you correlate this event with other events that might contain the same Handle ID, for example, “4663(S): An attempt was made to access an object.” This parameter might not be captured in the event, and in that case appears as “0x0”.
Resource Attributes [Type = UnicodeString] [Version 1]: attributes associated with the object. For some objects, the field does not apply and “-“ is displayed.

For example, for a file, the following might be displayed: S:AI(RA;ID;;;;WD;(«Impact_MS»,TI,0x10020,3000))
- Impact_MS: Resource Property ID.
- 3000: Recourse Property Value.

Process Information:

Process ID [Type = Pointer]: hexadecimal Process ID of the process through which the access was requested. Process ID (PID) is a number used by the operating system to uniquely identify an active process. To see the PID for a specific process you can, for example, use Task Manager (Details tab, PID column):

If you convert the hexadecimal value to decimal, you can compare it to the values in Task Manager.

You can also correlate this process ID with a process ID in other events, for example, “4688: A new process has been created” Process InformationNew Process ID.
Process Name [Type = UnicodeString]: full path and the name of the executable for the process.

Access Request Information:

Transaction ID [Type = GUID]: unique GUID of the transaction. This field can help you correlate this event with other events that might contain the same Transaction ID, such as “4660(S): An object was deleted.”

This parameter might not be captured in the event, and in that case appears as “{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}”.

Note GUID is an acronym for ‘Globally Unique Identifier’. It is a 128-bit integer number used to identify resources, activities or instances.

Accesses [Type = UnicodeString]: the list of access rights which were requested by SubjectSecurity ID. These access rights depend on Object Type. The following table contains information about the most common access rights for file system objects. Access rights for registry objects are often similar to file system objects, but the table contains a few notes about how they vary.

Access	Hexadecimal Value, Schema Value	Description
ReadData (or ListDirectory) (For registry objects, this is “Query key value.”)	0x1, %%4416	ReadData — For a file object, the right to read the corresponding file data. For a directory object, the right to read the corresponding directory data. ListDirectory — For a directory, the right to list the contents of the directory.
WriteData (or AddFile) (For registry objects, this is “Set key value.”)	0x2, %%4417	WriteData — For a file object, the right to write data to the file. For a directory object, the right to create a file in the directory (FILE_ADD_FILE). AddFile — For a directory, the right to create a file in the directory.
AppendData (or AddSubdirectory or CreatePipeInstance)	0x4, %%4418	AppendData — For a file object, the right to append data to the file. (For local files, write operations will not overwrite existing data if this flag is specified without FILE_WRITE_DATA.) For a directory object, the right to create a subdirectory (FILE_ADD_SUBDIRECTORY). AddSubdirectory — For a directory, the right to create a subdirectory. CreatePipeInstance — For a named pipe, the right to create a pipe.
ReadEA (For registry objects, this is “Enumerate sub-keys.”)	0x8, %%4419	The right to read extended file attributes.
WriteEA	0x10, %%4420	The right to write extended file attributes.
Execute/Traverse	0x20, %%4421	Execute — For a native code file, the right to execute the file. This access right given to scripts may cause the script to be executable, depending on the script interpreter. Traverse — For a directory, the right to traverse the directory. By default, users are assigned the BYPASS_TRAVERSE_CHECKING privilege, which ignores the FILE_TRAVERSE access right. See the remarks in File Security and Access Rights for more information.
DeleteChild	0x40, %%4422	For a directory, the right to delete a directory and all the files it contains, including read-only files.
ReadAttributes	0x80, %%4423	The right to read file attributes.
WriteAttributes	0x100, %%4424	The right to write file attributes.
DELETE	0x10000, %%1537	The right to delete the object.
READ_CONTROL	0x20000, %%1538	The right to read the information in the object’s security descriptor, not including the information in the system access control list (SACL).
WRITE_DAC	0x40000, %%1539	The right to modify the discretionary access control list (DACL) in the object’s security descriptor.
WRITE_OWNER	0x80000, %%1540	The right to change the owner in the object’s security descriptor
SYNCHRONIZE	0x100000, %%1541	The right to use the object for synchronization. This enables a thread to wait until the object is in the signaled state. Some object types do not support this access right.
ACCESS_SYS_SEC	0x1000000, %%1542	The ACCESS_SYS_SEC access right controls the ability to get or set the SACL in an object’s security descriptor.

Table 14. File System objects access rights.

Access Reasons [Type = UnicodeString] [Version 1]: the list of access check results. The format of this varies, depending on the object. For kernel objects, this field does not apply.
Access Mask [Type = HexInt32]: hexadecimal mask for the requested or performed operation. For more information, see the preceding table.

Privileges Used for Access Check [Type = UnicodeString]: the list of user privileges which were used during the operation, for example, SeBackupPrivilege. This parameter might not be captured in the event, and in that case appears as “-”. See full list of user privileges in the table below:

Privilege Name	User Right Group Policy Name	Description
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege	Replace a process-level token	Required to assign the primary token of a process. With this privilege, the user can initiate a process to replace the default token associated with a started subprocess.
SeAuditPrivilege	Generate security audits	With this privilege, the user can add entries to the security log.
SeBackupPrivilege	Back up files and directories	— Required to perform backup operations. With this privilege, the user can bypass file and directory, registry, and other persistent object permissions for the purposes of backing up the system. This privilege causes the system to grant all read access control to any file, regardless of the access control list (ACL) specified for the file. Any access request other than read is still evaluated with the ACL. The following access rights are granted if this privilege is held: READ_CONTROL ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY FILE_GENERIC_READ FILE_TRAVERSE
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege	Bypass traverse checking	Required to receive notifications of changes to files or directories. This privilege also causes the system to skip all traversal access checks. With this privilege, the user can traverse directory trees even though the user may not have permissions on the traversed directory. This privilege does not allow the user to list the contents of a directory, only to traverse directories.
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege	Create global objects	Required to create named file mapping objects in the global namespace during Terminal Services sessions.
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege	Create a pagefile	With this privilege, the user can create and change the size of a pagefile.
SeCreatePermanentPrivilege	Create permanent shared objects	Required to create a permanent object. This privilege is useful to kernel-mode components that extend the object namespace. Components that are running in kernel mode already have this privilege inherently; it is not necessary to assign them the privilege.
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege	Create symbolic links	Required to create a symbolic link.
SeCreateTokenPrivilege	Create a token object	Allows a process to create a token which it can then use to get access to any local resources when the process uses NtCreateToken() or other token-creation APIs. When a process requires this privilege, we recommend using the LocalSystem account (which already includes the privilege), rather than creating a separate user account and assigning this privilege to it.
SeDebugPrivilege	Debug programs	Required to debug and adjust the memory of a process owned by another account. With this privilege, the user can attach a debugger to any process or to the kernel. Developers who are debugging their own applications do not need this user right. Developers who are debugging new system components need this user right. This user right provides complete access to sensitive and critical operating system components.
SeEnableDelegationPrivilege	Enable computer and user accounts to be trusted for delegation	Required to mark user and computer accounts as trusted for delegation. With this privilege, the user can set the Trusted for Delegation setting on a user or computer object. The user or object that is granted this privilege must have write access to the account control flags on the user or computer object. A server process running on a computer (or under a user context) that is trusted for delegation can access resources on another computer using the delegated credentials of a client, as long as the account of the client does not have the Account cannot be delegated account control flag set.
SeImpersonatePrivilege	Impersonate a client after authentication	With this privilege, the user can impersonate other accounts.
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege	Increase scheduling priority	Required to increase the base priority of a process. With this privilege, the user can use a process with Write property access to another process to increase the execution priority assigned to the other process. A user with this privilege can change the scheduling priority of a process through the Task Manager user interface.
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege	Adjust memory quotas for a process	Required to increase the quota assigned to a process. With this privilege, the user can change the maximum memory that can be consumed by a process.
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege	Increase a process working set	Required to allocate more memory for applications that run in the context of users.
SeLoadDriverPrivilege	Load and unload device drivers	Required to load or unload a device driver. With this privilege, the user can dynamically load and unload device drivers or other code in to kernel mode. This user right does not apply to Plug and Play device drivers.
SeLockMemoryPrivilege	Lock pages in memory	Required to lock physical pages in memory. With this privilege, the user can use a process to keep data in physical memory, which prevents the system from paging the data to virtual memory on disk. Exercising this privilege could significantly affect system performance by decreasing the amount of available random access memory (RAM).
SeMachineAccountPrivilege	Add workstations to domain	With this privilege, the user can create a computer account. This privilege is valid only on domain controllers.
SeManageVolumePrivilege	Perform volume maintenance tasks	Required to run maintenance tasks on a volume, such as remote defragmentation.
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege	Profile single process	Required to gather profiling information for a single process. With this privilege, the user can use performance monitoring tools to monitor the performance of non-system processes.
SeRelabelPrivilege	Modify an object label	Required to modify the mandatory integrity level of an object.
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege	Force shutdown from a remote system	Required to shut down a system using a network request.
SeRestorePrivilege	Restore files and directories	Required to perform restore operations. This privilege causes the system to grant all write access control to any file, regardless of the ACL specified for the file. Any access request other than write is still evaluated with the ACL. Additionally, this privilege enables you to set any valid user or group SID as the owner of a file. The following access rights are granted if this privilege is held: WRITE_DAC WRITE_OWNER ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY FILE_GENERIC_WRITE FILE_ADD_FILE FILE_ADD_SUBDIRECTORY DELETE With this privilege, the user can bypass file, directory, registry, and other persistent objects permissions when restoring backed up files and directories and determines which users can set any valid security principal as the owner of an object.
SeSecurityPrivilege	Manage auditing and security log	Required to perform a number of security-related functions, such as controlling and viewing audit events in security event log. With this privilege, the user can specify object access auditing options for individual resources, such as files, Active Directory objects, and registry keys. A user with this privilege can also view and clear the security log.
SeShutdownPrivilege	Shut down the system	Required to shut down a local system.
SeSyncAgentPrivilege	Synchronize directory service data	This privilege enables the holder to read all objects and properties in the directory, regardless of the protection on the objects and properties. By default, it is assigned to the Administrator and LocalSystem accounts on domain controllers. With this privilege, the user can synchronize all directory service data. This is also known as Active Directory synchronization.
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege	Modify firmware environment values	Required to modify the nonvolatile RAM of systems that use this type of memory to store configuration information.
SeSystemProfilePrivilege	Profile system performance	Required to gather profiling information for the entire system. With this privilege, the user can use performance monitoring tools to monitor the performance of system processes.
SeSystemtimePrivilege	Change the system time	Required to modify the system time. With this privilege, the user can change the time and date on the internal clock of the computer. Users that are assigned this user right can affect the appearance of event logs. If the system time is changed, events that are logged will reflect this new time, not the actual time that the events occurred.
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege	Take ownership of files or other objects	Required to take ownership of an object without being granted discretionary access. This privilege allows the owner value to be set only to those values that the holder may legitimately assign as the owner of an object. With this privilege, the user can take ownership of any securable object in the system, including Active Directory objects, files and folders, printers, registry keys, processes, and threads.
SeTcbPrivilege	Act as part of the operating system	This privilege identifies its holder as part of the trusted computer base. This user right allows a process to impersonate any user without authentication. The process can therefore gain access to the same local resources as that user.
SeTimeZonePrivilege	Change the time zone	Required to adjust the time zone associated with the computer’s internal clock.
SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege	Access Credential Manager as a trusted caller	Required to access Credential Manager as a trusted caller.
SeUndockPrivilege	Remove computer from docking station	Required to undock a laptop. With this privilege, the user can undock a portable computer from its docking station without logging on.
SeUnsolicitedInputPrivilege	Not applicable	Required to read unsolicited input from a terminal device.

Restricted SID Count [Type = UInt32]: Number of restricted SIDs in the token. Applicable to only specific Object Types.

Security Monitoring Recommendations

For 4656(S, F): A handle to an object was requested.

For kernel objects, this event and other auditing events have little to no security relevance and are hard to parse or analyze. There is no recommendation for auditing them, unless you know exactly what you need to monitor at the Kernel objects level.

For other types of objects, the following recommendations apply.

Important For this event, also see Appendix A: Security monitoring recommendations for many audit events.

If you have a pre-defined “Process Name” for the process reported in this event, monitor all events with “Process Name” not equal to your defined value.
You can monitor to see if “Process Name” is not in a standard folder (for example, not in System32 or Program Files) or is in a restricted folder (for example, Temporary Internet Files).

If you have a pre-defined list of restricted substrings or words in process names (for example, “mimikatz” or “cain.exe”), check for these substrings in “Process Name.”
If Object Name is a sensitive or critical object for which you need to monitor any access attempt, monitor all 4656 events.
If Object Name is a sensitive or critical object for which you need to monitor specific access attempts (for example, only write actions), monitor for all 4656 events with the corresponding Access Request InformationAccesses values.
If you need to monitor files and folders with specific Resource Attribute values, monitor for all 4656 events with specific Resource Attributes field values.

For file system objects, we recommend that you monitor these Access Request InformationAccesses rights (especially for Failure events):
- WriteData (or AddFile)
- AppendData (or AddSubdirectory or CreatePipeInstance)
- WriteEA
- DeleteChild
- WriteAttributes
- DELETE
- WRITE_DAC
- WRITE_OWNER

Источник

title	description	ms.pagetype	ms.prod	ms.mktglfcycl	ms.sitesec	ms.localizationpriority	author	ms.date	ms.reviewer	manager	ms.author	ms.technology	ms.topic
4656(S, F) A handle to an object was requested. (Windows 10)	Describes security event 4656(S, F) A handle to an object was requested.	security	windows-client	deploy	library	none	vinaypamnani-msft	09/07/2021		aaroncz	vinpa	itpro-security	reference

4656(S, F): A handle to an object was requested.

Subcategories: Audit File System, Audit Kernel Object, Audit Registry, and Audit Removable Storage

Event Description:

This event indicates that specific access was requested for an object. The object could be a file system, kernel, or registry object, or a file system object on removable storage or a device.

If access was declined, a Failure event is generated.

This event generates only if the object’s SACL has the required ACE to handle the use of specific access rights.

Note For recommendations, see Security Monitoring Recommendations for this event.

Event XML:

- <Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event">
- <System>
 <Provider Name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing" Guid="{54849625-5478-4994-A5BA-3E3B0328C30D}" /> 
 <EventID>4656</EventID> 
 <Version>1</Version> 
 <Level>0</Level> 
 <Task>12800</Task> 
 <Opcode>0</Opcode> 
 <Keywords>0x8010000000000000</Keywords> 
 <TimeCreated SystemTime="2015-09-18T22:15:19.346776600Z" /> 
 <EventRecordID>274057</EventRecordID> 
 <Correlation /> 
 <Execution ProcessID="516" ThreadID="524" /> 
 <Channel>Security</Channel> 
 <Computer>DC01.contoso.local</Computer> 
 <Security /> 
 </System>
- <EventData>
 <Data Name="SubjectUserSid">S-1-5-21-3457937927-2839227994-823803824-1104</Data> 
 <Data Name="SubjectUserName">dadmin</Data> 
 <Data Name="SubjectDomainName">CONTOSO</Data> 
 <Data Name="SubjectLogonId">0x4367b</Data> 
 <Data Name="ObjectServer">Security</Data> 
 <Data Name="ObjectType">File</Data> 
 <Data Name="ObjectName">C:\Documents\HBI Data.txt</Data> 
 <Data Name="HandleId">0x0</Data> 
 <Data Name="TransactionId">{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}</Data> 
 <Data Name="AccessList">%%1538 %%1541 %%4416 %%4417 %%4418 %%4419 %%4420 %%4423 %%4424</Data> 
 <Data Name="AccessReason">%%1538: %%1804 %%1541: %%1809 %%4416: %%1809 %%4417: %%1809 %%4418: %%1802 D:(D;;LC;;;S-1-5-21-3457937927-2839227994-823803824-1104) %%4419: %%1809 %%4420: %%1809 %%4423: %%1811 D:(A;OICI;FA;;;S-1-5-21-3457937927-2839227994-823803824-1104) %%4424: %%1809</Data> 
 <Data Name="AccessMask">0x12019f</Data> 
 <Data Name="PrivilegeList">-</Data> 
 <Data Name="RestrictedSidCount">0</Data> 
 <Data Name="ProcessId">0x1074</Data> 
 <Data Name="ProcessName">C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe</Data> 
 <Data Name="ResourceAttributes">S:AI(RA;ID;;;;WD;("Impact_MS",TI,0x10020,3000))</Data> 
 </EventData>
 </Event>

Required Server Roles: None.

Minimum OS Version: Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista.

Event Versions:

0 — Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista.
1 — Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.
- Added “Resource Attributes” field.
- Added “Access Reasons” field.

Field Descriptions:

Subject:

Security ID [Type = SID]: SID of account that requested a handle to an object. Event Viewer automatically tries to resolve SIDs and show the account name. If the SID cannot be resolved, you will see the source data in the event.

Note A security identifier (SID) is a unique value of variable length used to identify a trustee (security principal). Each account has a unique SID that is issued by an authority, such as an Active Directory domain controller, and stored in a security database. Each time a user logs on, the system retrieves the SID for that user from the database and places it in the access token for that user. The system uses the SID in the access token to identify the user in all subsequent interactions with Windows security. When a SID has been used as the unique identifier for a user or group, it cannot ever be used again to identify another user or group. For more information about SIDs, see Security identifiers.

Account Name [Type = UnicodeString]: the name of the account that requested a handle to an object.
Account Domain [Type = UnicodeString]: subject’s domain or computer name. Formats vary, and include the following:
- Domain NETBIOS name example: CONTOSO
- Lowercase full domain name: contoso.local
- Uppercase full domain name: CONTOSO.LOCAL
- For some well-known security principals, such as LOCAL SERVICE or ANONYMOUS LOGON, the value of this field is “NT AUTHORITY”.
- For local user accounts, this field will contain the name of the computer or device that this account belongs to, for example: “Win81”.
Logon ID [Type = HexInt64]: hexadecimal value that can help you correlate this event with recent events that might contain the same Logon ID, for example, “4624: An account was successfully logged on.”

Object:

Object Server [Type = UnicodeString]: has “Security” value for this event.
Object Type [Type = UnicodeString]: The type of an object that was accessed during the operation.

The following table contains the list of the most common Object Types:

Directory	Event	Timer	Device
Mutant	Type	File	Token
Thread	Section	WindowStation	DebugObject
FilterCommunicationPort	EventPair	Driver	IoCompletion
Controller	SymbolicLink	WmiGuid	Process
Profile	Desktop	KeyedEvent	Adapter
Key	WaitablePort	Callback	Semaphore
Job	Port	FilterConnectionPort	ALPC Port

Object Name [Type = UnicodeString]: name and other identifying information for the object for which access was requested. For example, for a file, the path would be included.
Handle ID [Type = Pointer]: hexadecimal value of a handle to Object Name. This field can help you correlate this event with other events that might contain the same Handle ID, for example, “4663(S): An attempt was made to access an object.” This parameter might not be captured in the event, and in that case appears as “0x0”.
Resource Attributes [Type = UnicodeString] [Version 1]: attributes associated with the object. For some objects, the field does not apply and “-“ is displayed.

For example, for a file, the following might be displayed: S:AI(RA;ID;;;;WD;(«Impact_MS»,TI,0x10020,3000))
- Impact_MS: Resource Property ID.
- 3000: Recourse Property Value.

Process Information:

Process ID [Type = Pointer]: hexadecimal Process ID of the process through which the access was requested. Process ID (PID) is a number used by the operating system to uniquely identify an active process. To see the PID for a specific process you can, for example, use Task Manager (Details tab, PID column):

If you convert the hexadecimal value to decimal, you can compare it to the values in Task Manager.

You can also correlate this process ID with a process ID in other events, for example, “4688: A new process has been created” Process InformationNew Process ID.
Process Name [Type = UnicodeString]: full path and the name of the executable for the process.

Access Request Information:

Transaction ID [Type = GUID]: unique GUID of the transaction. This field can help you correlate this event with other events that might contain the same Transaction ID, such as “4660(S): An object was deleted.”

This parameter might not be captured in the event, and in that case appears as “{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}”.

Note GUID is an acronym for ‘Globally Unique Identifier’. It is a 128-bit integer number used to identify resources, activities or instances.

Accesses [Type = UnicodeString]: the list of access rights which were requested by SubjectSecurity ID. These access rights depend on Object Type. The following table contains information about the most common access rights for file system objects. Access rights for registry objects are often similar to file system objects, but the table contains a few notes about how they vary.

Access	Hexadecimal Value, Schema Value	Description
ReadData (or ListDirectory) (For registry objects, this is “Query key value.”)	0x1, %%4416	ReadData — For a file object, the right to read the corresponding file data. For a directory object, the right to read the corresponding directory data. ListDirectory — For a directory, the right to list the contents of the directory.
WriteData (or AddFile) (For registry objects, this is “Set key value.”)	0x2, %%4417	WriteData — For a file object, the right to write data to the file. For a directory object, the right to create a file in the directory (FILE_ADD_FILE). AddFile — For a directory, the right to create a file in the directory.
AppendData (or AddSubdirectory or CreatePipeInstance)	0x4, %%4418	AppendData — For a file object, the right to append data to the file. (For local files, write operations will not overwrite existing data if this flag is specified without FILE_WRITE_DATA.) For a directory object, the right to create a subdirectory (FILE_ADD_SUBDIRECTORY). AddSubdirectory — For a directory, the right to create a subdirectory. CreatePipeInstance — For a named pipe, the right to create a pipe.
ReadEA (For registry objects, this is “Enumerate sub-keys.”)	0x8, %%4419	The right to read extended file attributes.
WriteEA	0x10, %%4420	The right to write extended file attributes.
Execute/Traverse	0x20, %%4421	Execute — For a native code file, the right to execute the file. This access right given to scripts may cause the script to be executable, depending on the script interpreter. Traverse — For a directory, the right to traverse the directory. By default, users are assigned the BYPASS_TRAVERSE_CHECKING privilege, which ignores the FILE_TRAVERSE access right. See the remarks in File Security and Access Rights for more information.
DeleteChild	0x40, %%4422	For a directory, the right to delete a directory and all the files it contains, including read-only files.
ReadAttributes	0x80, %%4423	The right to read file attributes.
WriteAttributes	0x100, %%4424	The right to write file attributes.
DELETE	0x10000, %%1537	The right to delete the object.
READ_CONTROL	0x20000, %%1538	The right to read the information in the object’s security descriptor, not including the information in the system access control list (SACL).
WRITE_DAC	0x40000, %%1539	The right to modify the discretionary access control list (DACL) in the object’s security descriptor.
WRITE_OWNER	0x80000, %%1540	The right to change the owner in the object’s security descriptor
SYNCHRONIZE	0x100000, %%1541	The right to use the object for synchronization. This enables a thread to wait until the object is in the signaled state. Some object types do not support this access right.
ACCESS_SYS_SEC	0x1000000, %%1542	The ACCESS_SYS_SEC access right controls the ability to get or set the SACL in an object’s security descriptor.

Table 14. File System objects access rights.

Access Reasons [Type = UnicodeString] [Version 1]: the list of access check results. The format of this varies, depending on the object. For kernel objects, this field does not apply.
Access Mask [Type = HexInt32]: hexadecimal mask for the requested or performed operation. For more information, see the preceding table.

Privileges Used for Access Check [Type = UnicodeString]: the list of user privileges which were used during the operation, for example, SeBackupPrivilege. This parameter might not be captured in the event, and in that case appears as “-”. See full list of user privileges in the table below:

Privilege Name	User Right Group Policy Name	Description
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege	Replace a process-level token	Required to assign the primary token of a process. With this privilege, the user can initiate a process to replace the default token associated with a started subprocess.
SeAuditPrivilege	Generate security audits	With this privilege, the user can add entries to the security log.
SeBackupPrivilege	Back up files and directories	— Required to perform backup operations. With this privilege, the user can bypass file and directory, registry, and other persistent object permissions for the purposes of backing up the system. This privilege causes the system to grant all read access control to any file, regardless of the access control list (ACL) specified for the file. Any access request other than read is still evaluated with the ACL. The following access rights are granted if this privilege is held: READ_CONTROL ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY FILE_GENERIC_READ FILE_TRAVERSE
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege	Bypass traverse checking	Required to receive notifications of changes to files or directories. This privilege also causes the system to skip all traversal access checks. With this privilege, the user can traverse directory trees even though the user may not have permissions on the traversed directory. This privilege does not allow the user to list the contents of a directory, only to traverse directories.
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege	Create global objects	Required to create named file mapping objects in the global namespace during Terminal Services sessions.
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege	Create a pagefile	With this privilege, the user can create and change the size of a pagefile.
SeCreatePermanentPrivilege	Create permanent shared objects	Required to create a permanent object. This privilege is useful to kernel-mode components that extend the object namespace. Components that are running in kernel mode already have this privilege inherently; it is not necessary to assign them the privilege.
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege	Create symbolic links	Required to create a symbolic link.
SeCreateTokenPrivilege	Create a token object	Allows a process to create a token which it can then use to get access to any local resources when the process uses NtCreateToken() or other token-creation APIs. When a process requires this privilege, we recommend using the LocalSystem account (which already includes the privilege), rather than creating a separate user account and assigning this privilege to it.
SeDebugPrivilege	Debug programs	Required to debug and adjust the memory of a process owned by another account. With this privilege, the user can attach a debugger to any process or to the kernel. Developers who are debugging their own applications do not need this user right. Developers who are debugging new system components need this user right. This user right provides complete access to sensitive and critical operating system components.
SeEnableDelegationPrivilege	Enable computer and user accounts to be trusted for delegation	Required to mark user and computer accounts as trusted for delegation. With this privilege, the user can set the Trusted for Delegation setting on a user or computer object. The user or object that is granted this privilege must have write access to the account control flags on the user or computer object. A server process running on a computer (or under a user context) that is trusted for delegation can access resources on another computer using the delegated credentials of a client, as long as the account of the client does not have the Account cannot be delegated account control flag set.
SeImpersonatePrivilege	Impersonate a client after authentication	With this privilege, the user can impersonate other accounts.
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege	Increase scheduling priority	Required to increase the base priority of a process. With this privilege, the user can use a process with Write property access to another process to increase the execution priority assigned to the other process. A user with this privilege can change the scheduling priority of a process through the Task Manager user interface.
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege	Adjust memory quotas for a process	Required to increase the quota assigned to a process. With this privilege, the user can change the maximum memory that can be consumed by a process.
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege	Increase a process working set	Required to allocate more memory for applications that run in the context of users.
SeLoadDriverPrivilege	Load and unload device drivers	Required to load or unload a device driver. With this privilege, the user can dynamically load and unload device drivers or other code in to kernel mode. This user right does not apply to Plug and Play device drivers.
SeLockMemoryPrivilege	Lock pages in memory	Required to lock physical pages in memory. With this privilege, the user can use a process to keep data in physical memory, which prevents the system from paging the data to virtual memory on disk. Exercising this privilege could significantly affect system performance by decreasing the amount of available random access memory (RAM).
SeMachineAccountPrivilege	Add workstations to domain	With this privilege, the user can create a computer account. This privilege is valid only on domain controllers.
SeManageVolumePrivilege	Perform volume maintenance tasks	Required to run maintenance tasks on a volume, such as remote defragmentation.
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege	Profile single process	Required to gather profiling information for a single process. With this privilege, the user can use performance monitoring tools to monitor the performance of non-system processes.
SeRelabelPrivilege	Modify an object label	Required to modify the mandatory integrity level of an object.
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege	Force shutdown from a remote system	Required to shut down a system using a network request.
SeRestorePrivilege	Restore files and directories	Required to perform restore operations. This privilege causes the system to grant all write access control to any file, regardless of the ACL specified for the file. Any access request other than write is still evaluated with the ACL. Additionally, this privilege enables you to set any valid user or group SID as the owner of a file. The following access rights are granted if this privilege is held: WRITE_DAC WRITE_OWNER ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY FILE_GENERIC_WRITE FILE_ADD_FILE FILE_ADD_SUBDIRECTORY DELETE With this privilege, the user can bypass file, directory, registry, and other persistent objects permissions when restoring backed up files and directories and determines which users can set any valid security principal as the owner of an object.
SeSecurityPrivilege	Manage auditing and security log	Required to perform a number of security-related functions, such as controlling and viewing audit events in security event log. With this privilege, the user can specify object access auditing options for individual resources, such as files, Active Directory objects, and registry keys. A user with this privilege can also view and clear the security log.
SeShutdownPrivilege	Shut down the system	Required to shut down a local system.
SeSyncAgentPrivilege	Synchronize directory service data	This privilege enables the holder to read all objects and properties in the directory, regardless of the protection on the objects and properties. By default, it is assigned to the Administrator and LocalSystem accounts on domain controllers. With this privilege, the user can synchronize all directory service data. This is also known as Active Directory synchronization.
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege	Modify firmware environment values	Required to modify the nonvolatile RAM of systems that use this type of memory to store configuration information.
SeSystemProfilePrivilege	Profile system performance	Required to gather profiling information for the entire system. With this privilege, the user can use performance monitoring tools to monitor the performance of system processes.
SeSystemtimePrivilege	Change the system time	Required to modify the system time. With this privilege, the user can change the time and date on the internal clock of the computer. Users that are assigned this user right can affect the appearance of event logs. If the system time is changed, events that are logged will reflect this new time, not the actual time that the events occurred.
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege	Take ownership of files or other objects	Required to take ownership of an object without being granted discretionary access. This privilege allows the owner value to be set only to those values that the holder may legitimately assign as the owner of an object. With this privilege, the user can take ownership of any securable object in the system, including Active Directory objects, files and folders, printers, registry keys, processes, and threads.
SeTcbPrivilege	Act as part of the operating system	This privilege identifies its holder as part of the trusted computer base. This user right allows a process to impersonate any user without authentication. The process can therefore gain access to the same local resources as that user.
SeTimeZonePrivilege	Change the time zone	Required to adjust the time zone associated with the computer’s internal clock.
SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege	Access Credential Manager as a trusted caller	Required to access Credential Manager as a trusted caller.
SeUndockPrivilege	Remove computer from docking station	Required to undock a laptop. With this privilege, the user can undock a portable computer from its docking station without logging on.
SeUnsolicitedInputPrivilege	Not applicable	Required to read unsolicited input from a terminal device.

Restricted SID Count [Type = UInt32]: Number of restricted SIDs in the token. Applicable to only specific Object Types.

Security Monitoring Recommendations

For 4656(S, F): A handle to an object was requested.

For other types of objects, the following recommendations apply.

Important For this event, also see Appendix A: Security monitoring recommendations for many audit events.

If you have a pre-defined “Process Name” for the process reported in this event, monitor all events with “Process Name” not equal to your defined value.
You can monitor to see if “Process Name” is not in a standard folder (for example, not in System32 or Program Files) or is in a restricted folder (for example, Temporary Internet Files).

If you have a pre-defined list of restricted substrings or words in process names (for example, “mimikatz” or “cain.exe”), check for these substrings in “Process Name.”
If Object Name is a sensitive or critical object for which you need to monitor any access attempt, monitor all 4656 events.
If Object Name is a sensitive or critical object for which you need to monitor specific access attempts (for example, only write actions), monitor for all 4656 events with the corresponding Access Request InformationAccesses values.
If you need to monitor files and folders with specific Resource Attribute values, monitor for all 4656 events with specific Resource Attributes field values.

For file system objects, we recommend that you monitor these Access Request InformationAccesses rights (especially for Failure events):
- WriteData (or AddFile)
- AppendData (or AddSubdirectory or CreatePipeInstance)
- WriteEA
- DeleteChild
- WriteAttributes
- DELETE
- WRITE_DAC
- WRITE_OWNER

Источник

Настройка прав пользователя

В
разделе Локальные
политики
(Local
Policies)
содержатся три узла: Политики
аудита
(Audit
Policy),
Назначение
прав пользователя
(User
Rights
Assignment)
и Параметры
безопасности
(Security
Options).

Права пользователя

Вы
можете назначать требуемые права
группам и отдельным учетным записям
пользователей. Для упрощения
администрирования Microsoft
рекомендует назначать права группам
пользователей, а не учетным записям
отдельных пользователей. Каждое право
пользователя позволяет группам
пользователей или отдельным пользователям,
которым назначено это право, выполнять
определенные действия, такие, как
архивация файлов или смена системного
времени. Если пользователь является
членом нескольких групп, права
пользователя суммируются, так что
он получает все права, назначенные
каждой из групп.

Существуют
два типа прав пользователя: привилегии
и права
на вход в систему.

Привилегией
(privilege)
называется право пользователя,
разрешающее членам групп для которых
оно назначено, выполнять определенные
действия, обычно оказывающие влияние
на всю систему, а не на один объект.
Привилегии, доступные в Windows
XP
Professional,
описаны в таблице 3.

Привилегии,
доступные в Windows XP
Professional. Таблица 3

Привилегия	Описание
Работа в режиме операционной системы (Act As Part Of The Operating System)	Позволяет процессу аутентифицироваться подобно пользователю и получать доступ к ресурсам, так же как пользователь. Не назначайте эту привилегию, если нет уверенности в необходимости этого. Только низкоуровневые службы аутентификации могут требовать этой привилегии. Процессы, которые требуют эту привилегию, должны выполняться под учетной записью LocalSystem, поскольку для нее данная привилегия уже назначена. Отдельные учетные записи пользователей с этой привилегией позволяют пользователям или процессам получать маркер доступа, предоставляющий больше прав, чем они должны иметь, и не проходить идентификацию для сохранения событий в журналах аудита
Добавление рабочих станций к домену (Add Workstations То Domain)	Позволяет пользователю добавлять компьютеры к домену. Пользователи заданного домена сначала добавляются на компьютере, и при этом создается объект в контейнере Computer службы Active Directory домена. Чтобы привилегия была эффективной, ее следует назначать как часть задаваемой по умолчанию политики контроллеров домена для данного домена.
Архивирование файлов и каталогов (Back Up Files And Directories)	Позволяет выполнять архивацию, не назначая разрешений, открывающих доступ ко всем файлам и папкам системы. По умолчанию на рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия назначается членам групп Администраторы (Administrators) и Операторы архива (Backup Operators). На контроллерах домена эта привилегия также назначается членам группы Операторы сервера (Server Operators).
Обход перекрестной проверки (Bypass Traverse Checking)	Разрешает пользователю перемещаться через папки, на доступ к которым у него нет разрешений. Привилегия не позволяет просматривать содержимое папок, а только лишь перемещаться через них по пути к файлу. На рабочих станциях и рядовых серверах эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для групп Администраторы (Administrators), Операторы архива (Backup Operators), Опытные пользователи (Power Users), Пользователи (Users) и Все (Everyone).

Продолжение табл.
3

Привилегия	Описание
Изменение системного времени (Change The System Time)	Позволяет изменять время внутренних часов компьютера. На рабочих станциях и рядовых серверах эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для групп Администраторы (Administrators) и Опытные пользователи (Power Users), а также для учетных записей LocalSystem и NetworkService. На контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для групп Администраторы (Administrators) и Операторы сервера (Server Operators), а также для учетных записей LocalSystem и NetworkService.
Создание маркерного объекта (Create A Token Object)	Позволяет процессу создавать маркер, используемый для доступа к ресурсам локального компьютера, когда процесс использует соответствующий интерфейс прикладного программирования (API). Microsoft рекомендует выполнять процессы, требующие этой привилегии, под учетной записью LocalSystem, поскольку для нее привилегия уже назначена.
Создание постоянных объектов совместного использования (Create Permanent Shared Objects)	Позволяет процессу создавать объект каталога в диспетчере объектов Windows. Эта привилегия используется компонентами, выполняющимися в режиме ядра и планирующими расширение пространства имен объектов Windows. Компоненты, работающие в режиме ядра, уже имеют эту привилегию, так что устанавливать ее не требуется.
Создание страничного файла (Create A Pageflle)	Позволяет создавать файлы подкачки и изменять размер существующих файлов подкачки. На рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators).
Отладка программ (Debug Programs)	Позволяет подключать отладчик к любому процессу. Эта привилегия открывает доступ к критически важным компонентам операционной системы. На рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators).
Разрешение доверия к учетным записям при делегировании (Enable Computer And User Accounts To Be Trusted For Delegation)	Разрешает пользователю устанавливать право Доверие при делегировании (Trusted For Delegation) для объектов пользователя или компьютера. Серверный процесс, запущенный на компьютере, для которого установлено доверие при делегировании, или от имени пользователя, для которого установлено доверие при делегировании, может получить доступ к ресурсам другого компьютера. He назначайте эту привилегию без необходимости, поскольку установка параметра Доверие при делегировании (Trusted For Delegation) делает вашу систему уязвимой для атаки со стороны троянских вирусов, использующих клиентские вызовы для получения доступа к сетевым ресурсам. На рабочих станциях и рядовых серверах эта привилегия не назначается никому. На контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators).

Продолжение табл.
3

Привилегия	Описание
Принудительное удаленное завершение (Force Shutdown From A Remote System)	Позволяет выключить компьютер с удаленного компьютера в сети. На рабочих станциях и рядовых серверах эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators). На контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для групп Администраторы (Administrators) и Операторы сервера (Server Operators).
Создание журналов безопасности (Generate Security Audits)	Разрешает процесс добавления элементов в журнал безопасности для объектов аудита.
Настройка квот памяти для процесса (Adjust Memory Quotas For A Process)	Позволяет процессу изменять выделенную квоту ресурсов процессора для другого процесса. Процесс, изменяющий квоту, должен иметь доступ на запись для процесса, которому изменяется квота.
Увеличение приоритета диспетчирования (Increase Scheduling Priority)	Позволяет процессу изменить приоритет выполнения другого процесса. Процесс, изменяющий приоритет, должен иметь доступ на запись для процесса, приоритет которого изменяется. Разрешает пользователю изменять приоритет процессов через Диспетчер задач (Task Manager). На рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators).
Загрузка и выгрузка драйверов устройств (Load And Unload Device Drivers)	Позволяет устанавливать и удалять драйвера устройств Plug and Play. На устройства, несовместимые с Plug and Play, данная привилегия никакого влияния не оказывает. Будьте осторожны, назначая эту привилегию. Драйверы устройств выполняются как доверенные программы, поэтому следует устанавливать драйверы только с корректной цифровой подписью. На рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators)
Закрепление страниц в памяти (Lock Pages In Memory)	Разрешает процессу закреплять данные в физической памяти, что запрещает Windows ХР Professional перемещать эти данные в виртуальную память (файл подкачки) на диске. По умолчанию привилегия никому не назначена. Ее имеют некоторые системные процессы
Управление аудитом и журналом безопасности (Manage Auditing And Security Log)	Разрешает пользователю задавать параметры аудита для отдельных объектов, таких, как файлы, объекты Active Directory и разделы реестра. Пользователи с этой привилегией также могут просматривать и очищать журнал безопасности, используя утилиту Просмотр событий (Event Viewer). На рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators)

Продолжение табл.
3

Привилегия	Описание
Изменение параметров среды оборудования (Modify Firm- ware Enviroment Values)	Позволяет использовать программу Свойства системы (System Properties) для изменения системных переменных среды. Разрешает процессу, использующему соответствующий API, изменять системные переменные среды.
Запуск операций по обслуживанию тома (Perform Volume Maintenance Tasks)	Разрешает пользователю запускать инструментальные средства обслуживания дисков, такие, как Очистка диска (Disk Cleanup) или Дефрагментация диска (Disk Defragmenter). На рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators).
Профилирование одного процесса (Profile A Single Process)	Разрешает пользователю применять инструментальные средства профилирования производительности для контроля работы несистемных процессов. На рабочих станциях и рядовых серверах эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для групп Администраторы (Administrators) и Опытные пользователи (Power Users). На контроллерах домена только администраторы обладают этой привилегией.
Профилирование загруженности системы (Profile System Performance)	Разрешает пользователю применять инструментальные средства профилирования производительности для контроля производительности системных процессов. На рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators).
Извлечение компьютера из стыковочного узла (Remove Computer From Docking Station)	Позволяет отключать переносной компьютер от стыковочной станции. На рабочих станциях и рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для групп Администраторы (Administrators), Опытные пользователи (Power Users) и Пользователи (Users).
Замена маркера уровня процесса (Replace A Process- Level Token)	Разрешает родительскому процессу заменить маркер доступа, ассоциируемый с дочерним процессом.
Восстановление файлов и каталогов (Restore Files And Directories)	Позволяет восстанавливать архивированные файлы и каталоги, не назначая пользователю разрешения для этих файлов и каталогов и позволяя данному пользователю действовать как владельцу объектов. На рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для групп Администраторы (Administrators) и Операторы архива (backup Operators). На контроллерах домена эта привилегия также назначается группе Операторы сервера (Server Operators).

Окончание табл.
3

Привилегия	Описание
Завершение работы системы (Shut Down The System)	Разрешает пользователю выключать локальный компьютер. На рабочих станциях эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для групп Администраторы (Administrators), Операторы архива (Backup operators), Опытные пользователи (Power Users) и Пользователи (Users). На рядовых серверах эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для групп Администраторы (Administrators), Операторы архива (Backup operators), Опытные пользователи (Power Users). На контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для групп Администраторы (Administrators), Операторы учетных записей (Account Operators), Операторы архива (Backup operators), Операторы печати (Print operators) и Операторы сервера (Server Operators).
Синхронизация данных службы каталогов (Synchronize Directory Service Data)	Позволяет процессу производить синхронизацию службы каталогов. Привилегия используется только на контроллерах домена.
Овладение файлами или иными объектами (Take Ownership Of Files Or Other Objects)	Разрешает пользователю становиться владельцем системных объектов, в том числе объектов Active Directory, файлов и папок, принтеров, разделов реестра, процессов и потоков. На рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена эта привилегия по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators).

Права
на вход в систему
(logon
right)
представляют собой права пользователя,
назначаемые группе или отдельной
учетной записи пользователя. Они
определяют доступные для пользователя
способы регистрации в системе. Права
на вход в систему, которые вы можете
назначить в Windows
XP
Professional,
описаны в таблице 4.

Права на вход в
систему, доступные в Windows
XP Professional.
Таблица 4

Право на вход

в
систему

Описание

Доступ
к компьютеру из сети (Access
This
Computer
From
The
Network)

Разрешает
пользователю подключаться к компьютеру
через сеть. На рабочих станциях,
рядовых серверах и контроллерах
домена это право на вход в систему по
умолчанию устанавливается для групп
Администраторы (Administrators),
Опытные пользователи (Power
Users)
и Все (Everyone)

Отказ
в
доступе
к
компьютеру
(Deny
Access To This Computer From The Network)

Не
дает пользователю подключиться к из
сети компьютеру через сеть. По умолчанию
это право ни для кого не устанавливается

Продолжение табл.
4

Право на вход в систему	Описание
Вход в качестве пакетного задания (Log On As A Batch Job)	Разрешает пользователю входить в систему с использованием пакетных средств. На рабочих станциях, рядовых серверах и контроллерах домена это право на вход по умолчанию устанавливается для группы Администраторы (Administrators). Если установлен компонент Internet Information Services (IIS), право автоматически назначается встроенной учетной записи для анонимного доступа к IIS
Отказ во входе в качестве пакетного задания (Deny Logon As A Batch Job)	Не дает пользователю подключиться к компьютеру с использованием пакетных средств. По умолчанию это право ни для кого не устанавливается
Вход в качестве службы (Log On As A Service)	Позволяет участникам системы безопасности, имеющим учетные записи, например пользователям, компьютерам или службам, регистрироваться в системе в качестве служб. Службы могут быть настроены для запуска под учетными записями LocalSystem, LocalService или NetworkService, которые имеют права на вход в качестве службы. Другие службы, запускаемые под отдельными учетными записями, требуют явного назначения этого права. По умолчанию это право ни для кого не устанавливается
Отказать во входе в качестве службы (Deny Logon As A Service)	Не дает участнику системы безопасности зарегистрироваться в качестве службы. По умолчанию это право ни для кого не устанавливается
Локальный вход в систему (Log On Locally)	Разрешает пользователю регистрироваться с клавиатуры компьютера. По умолчанию это право на вход дается членам групп Администраторы (Administrators), Операторы учетных записей (Account Operators), Операторы архива (Backup Operators), Операторы печати (Print Operators) и Операторы сервера (Server Operators)
Отклонить локальный вход (Deny Logon Locally)	Не дает пользователю зарегистрироваться с клавиатуры компьютера. По умолчанию это право ни для кого не устанавливается
Разрешать вход в систему через службу терминалов (Allow Logon Through Terminal Services)	Разрешает пользователю регистрироваться с использованием Службы терминалов (Terminal services). На рабочих станциях и рядовых серверах это право на вход по умолчанию дается членам групп Администраторы (Administrators) и Удаленный доступ (Remote Desktop Users). На контроллерах домена это право на вход по умолчанию назначается только членам группы Администраторы (Administrators)
Запретить вход в систему через службу терминалов (Deny Logon Through Terminal Services)	Запрещает пользователю вход в систему с использованием Службы терминалов (Terminal Services). По умолчанию это право ни для кого не устанавливается

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]

Источник

Как ни странно, в Windows NT использование некоторых привилегий не протоколируется даже при включенном режиме отслеживания (дабы не перегружать журнал событий). Однако полезно все же помнить, что это за привилегии. Вот их список.

1. Bypass traverse checking (по умолчанию эта привилегия предоставлена группе Everyone).

2. Debug programs (по умолчанию эта привилегия предоставлена только группе Administrators).

3. Create a token object (по умолчанию не предоставлена никому).

4. Replace process level token (по умолчанию не предоставлена никому).

5. Generate Security Audits (по умолчанию не предоставлена никому)

6. Backup files and directories (по умолчанию эта привилегия предоставлена группам Administrators и Backup Operators).

7. Restore files and directories (по умолчанию эта привилегия предоставлена группам Administrators и Backup Operators).

Первая привилегия предоставлена всем, поэтому отслеживать ее не имеет смысла. Вторая — отладка программ — не используется в нормально функционирующей системе, и ее можно отозвать даже у администраторов. Привилегии 3-5 очень опасны, поскольку позволяют изменять параметры системы защиты, и их не следует предоставлять кому-либо без особой необходимости.

Напротив, привилегии 6-7 часто используются при обычной работе, поэтому их аудит вовсе небесполезен. Чтобы это сделать, нужно создать в реестре следующий ключ:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESystemCurrentControlSetControlLsa:

Название: FullPrivilegeAuditing

Тип: REG_BINARY

Значение: 1

Примечание: использование двух последних привилегий по умолчанию не выполняется по той простой причине, что при резервном копировании и восстановлении будет протоколироваться архивирование/восстановление каждого файла. Нормальная резервная копия может содержать тысячи файлов, поэтому нетрудно представить, какого размера будет журнал событий. Помните об этом, если соберетесь включить аудит использования привилегий резервного копирования/восстановления.

Источник

Q: What is the purpose of the Windows Bypass Traverse Checking user right (also referred to as SeChangeNotifyPrivilege)?

A: If a Windows account is granted the Bypass Traverse Checking user right, the account—or the process that acts on behalf of the account—is allowed to bypass certain Windows security checks. Bypass Traverse Checking determines which users can traverse directory or file system folder trees even though they might not have permissions on the level of the traversed directory or file system folder hierarchy itself.

The following is an example of how this user right works: Imagine you have a file system folder called Confidential_Information that has access permissions only for user Bob. Inside this folder there’s a file called For_Alice_Only.txt that has read permissions for user Alice. If Alice is granted the Bypass Traverse Checking user right, Alice can access the file directly, without having access denied problems because she doesn’t have read permissions on the folder the file is in. Note that the Bypass Traverse Checking user right doesn’t let Alice list the contents of the Confidential_Information folder; instead, it lets her “traverse” the folder and access the For_Alice_Only.txt file directly.

On Windows workstations and servers, the Bypass Traverse Checking user right is given to members of the Administrators, Backup Operators, Power Users (this group doesn’t exist in Windows Vista anymore), Users, and Everyone groups by default. On domain controllers (DCs), the user right is given to members of the Administrators and Authenticated Users groups by default. In a Windows Active Directory (AD) environment, you can centrally control who is granted the Bypass Traverse Checking user right by configuring the corresponding Group Policy Object (GPO) setting in the Computer ConfigurationWindows SettingsSecurity SettingsLocal PoliciesUser Rights Assignment GPO container.

Unless you have very strict security requirements (for example, in government or military environments), I recommend using the default Bypass Traverse Checking settings. If you remove a Windows account’s Bypass Traverse Checking user right, the user will notice a performance hit when he/she accesses files or folders on an NTFS-formatted drive because of the additional folder-level access checks that will occur in the background. That’s why leaving Bypass Traverse Checking enabled is a performance- and NTFS- optimization trick.

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