Microsoft windows is an example of application software

WINDOWS

Microsoft
Windows (or simply Windows) is a software program that makes your IBM
PC (or compatible) easy to use. It does this by simplifying the
computer’s user
interface.

The
word interface
refers to the way you give your computer commands, the way you
interact with it.

Usually
the interface between you and the computer consists of the screen and
the keyboard: you interact with the computer by responding to what’s
on the screen, typing in commands at the DOS command line to do your
work.

DOS
often isn’t very intelligent at interpreting your commands and most
people consider it awkward or intimidating as a user interface. These
commands can be confusing and difficult to remember. Who wants to
learn lots of computer commands just to see what’s on your disk,
copy a file, or format a disk?

Windows
changes much of this. What’s been missing from the PC is a program
that makes the computer easy to use. Windows is just such a program.
With Windows, you can run programs, enter and move data around, and
perform DOS-related tasks simple by using the mouse
to point at objects on the screen. Of course, you also use the
keyboard to type in letters and numbers.

Windows
interprets your actions and tells DOS and your computer what to do.

In
addition to making DOS housekeeping tasks such as creating
directories, copying files, deleting files, formatting disks, and so
forth, easier, Windows makes running your favorite applications
easier, too. (An application is a software package that you use for a
specific task, such as word processing. WordPerfect is an example of
an application. In this book, I’ll use the words program
and application
interchangeably.)

Windows
owes its name to the fact that it runs each program or document in
its own separate window.
(A window is a box or frame on the screen.) You can have numerous
windows on the screen at a time, each containing its own program
and/or document. You can then easily switch between programs without
having to close one down and open the next.

Another
feature is that Windows has a facility – called the Clipboard –
that lets you copy material between dissimilar document types, making
it easy to cut
and paste
information from, say, a spreadsheet into a company report or put a
scanned photograph of a house into a real estate brochure. In
essence, Windows provides the means for seamlessly joining the
capabilities of very different application programs. Not only can you
paste portions of one document into another, but by utilizing more
advanced document-linking features those pasted elements remain
“live”. That is, if the source document (such as some spreadsheet
data) changes, the results will also be reflected in the secondary
document containing the pasted data.

As
more and more application programs are written to run with Windows,
it’ll be easier for anyone to how to use new programs. This is
because all application programs that run in Windows use similar
commands and procedures.

Windows
comes supplied with a few of its own handy programs, and we will
discuss them in this book. There’s a word-processing program called
Write, a drawing program called Paintbrush, a communications program
called terminal for connecting to outside information services over
phone lines, small utility programs that are helpful for keeping
track of appointments and notes, a couple of games to help you escape
from your work, and a few others.

Years
of research went into developing the prototype of today’s popular
graphical user interfaces. It was shown in the early 1980s that the
graphical user interface, in conjunction with a hand-held pointing
device (now called the mouse), was much easier to operate and
understand than the older-style keyboard-command approach to
controlling a computer. A little-known fact is that this research was
conducted by the Xerox Corporation and first resulted in the Xerox
Star computer before IBM PCs or Macintoshes existed. It wasn’t
until later that the technology was adapted by Apple Computer for its
Macintosh prototype, the Lisa.

переводы текстов / 12A,B,C,D / Текст с переводом 10A,B,C,D / Text 12C

Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a software program that makes your IBM PC (or compatible) easy to use. It does this by simplifying the computer’s user interface.

The word interface refers to the way you give your computer commands, the way you interact with it.

Usually the interface between you and the computer consists of the screen and the keyboard: you interact with the computer by responding to what’s on the screen, typing in commands at the DOS command line to do your work.

DOS often isn’t very intelligent at interpreting your commands and most people consider it awkward or intimidating as a user interface. These commands can be confusing and difficult to remember. Who wants to learn lots of computer commands just to see what’s on your disk, copy a file, or format a disk?

Windows changes much of this. What’s been missing from the PC is a program that makes the computer easy to use. Windows is just such a program. With Windows, you can run programs, enter and move data around, and perform DOS-related tasks simple by using the mouse to point at objects on the screen. Of course, you also use the keyboard to type in letters and numbers.

Windows interprets your actions and tells DOS and your computer what to do.

In addition to making DOS housekeeping tasks such as creating directories, copying files, deleting files, formatting disks, and so forth, easier, Windows makes running your favorite applications easier, too. (An application is a software package that you use for a specific task, such as word processing. WordPerfect is an example of an application. In this book, I’ll use the words program and application interchangeably.)

Windows owes its name to the fact that it runs each program or document in its own separate window. (A window is a box or frame on the screen.) You can have numerous windows on the screen at a time, each containing its own program and/or document. You can then easily switch between programs without having to close one down and open the next.

Another feature is that Windows has a facility – called the Clipboard – that lets you copy material between dissimilar document types, making it easy to cut and paste information from, say, a spreadsheet into a company report or put a scanned photograph of a house into a real estate brochure. In essence, Windows provides the means for seamlessly joining the capabilities of very different application programs. Not only can you paste portions of one document into another, but by utilizing more advanced document-linking features those pasted elements remain “live”. That is, if the source document (such as some spreadsheet data) changes, the results will also be reflected in the secondary document containing the pasted data.

As more and more application programs are written to run with Windows, it’ll be easier for anyone to how to use new programs. This is because all application programs that run in Windows use similar commands and procedures.

Windows comes supplied with a few of its own handy programs, and we will discuss them in this book. There’s a word-processing program called Write, a drawing program called Paintbrush, a communications program called terminal for connecting to outside information services over phone lines, small utility programs that are helpful for keeping track of appointments and notes, a couple of games to help you escape from your work, and a few others.

Years of research went into developing the prototype of today’s popular graphical user interfaces. It was shown in the early 1980s that the graphical user interface, in conjunction with a hand-held pointing device (now called the mouse), was much easier to operate and understand than the older-style keyboard-command approach to controlling a computer. A little-known fact is that this research was conducted by the Xerox Corporation and first resulted in the Xerox Star computer before IBM PCs or Macintoshes existed. It wasn’t until later that the technology was adapted by Apple Computer for its Macintosh prototype, the Lisa.

Источник

англ.яз / Английский для инженеров Полякова перевод текста / 12A,B,C,D / Текст с переводом 10A,B,C,D / Text 12C

Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a software program that makes your IBM PC (or compatible) easy to use. It does this by simplifying the computer’s user interface.

The word interface refers to the way you give your computer commands, the way you interact with it.

Usually the interface between you and the computer consists of the screen and the keyboard: you interact with the computer by responding to what’s on the screen, typing in commands at the DOS command line to do your work.

DOS often isn’t very intelligent at interpreting your commands and most people consider it awkward or intimidating as a user interface. These commands can be confusing and difficult to remember. Who wants to learn lots of computer commands just to see what’s on your disk, copy a file, or format a disk?

Windows changes much of this. What’s been missing from the PC is a program that makes the computer easy to use. Windows is just such a program. With Windows, you can run programs, enter and move data around, and perform DOS-related tasks simple by using the mouse to point at objects on the screen. Of course, you also use the keyboard to type in letters and numbers.

Windows interprets your actions and tells DOS and your computer what to do.

In addition to making DOS housekeeping tasks such as creating directories, copying files, deleting files, formatting disks, and so forth, easier, Windows makes running your favorite applications easier, too. (An application is a software package that you use for a specific task, such as word processing. WordPerfect is an example of an application. In this book, I’ll use the words program and application interchangeably.)

Windows owes its name to the fact that it runs each program or document in its own separate window. (A window is a box or frame on the screen.) You can have numerous windows on the screen at a time, each containing its own program and/or document. You can then easily switch between programs without having to close one down and open the next.

Another feature is that Windows has a facility – called the Clipboard – that lets you copy material between dissimilar document types, making it easy to cut and paste information from, say, a spreadsheet into a company report or put a scanned photograph of a house into a real estate brochure. In essence, Windows provides the means for seamlessly joining the capabilities of very different application programs. Not only can you paste portions of one document into another, but by utilizing more advanced document-linking features those pasted elements remain “live”. That is, if the source document (such as some spreadsheet data) changes, the results will also be reflected in the secondary document containing the pasted data.

As more and more application programs are written to run with Windows, it’ll be easier for anyone to how to use new programs. This is because all application programs that run in Windows use similar commands and procedures.

Windows comes supplied with a few of its own handy programs, and we will discuss them in this book. There’s a word-processing program called Write, a drawing program called Paintbrush, a communications program called terminal for connecting to outside information services over phone lines, small utility programs that are helpful for keeping track of appointments and notes, a couple of games to help you escape from your work, and a few others.

Years of research went into developing the prototype of today’s popular graphical user interfaces. It was shown in the early 1980s that the graphical user interface, in conjunction with a hand-held pointing device (now called the mouse), was much easier to operate and understand than the older-style keyboard-command approach to controlling a computer. A little-known fact is that this research was conducted by the Xerox Corporation and first resulted in the Xerox Star computer before IBM PCs or Macintoshes existed. It wasn’t until later that the technology was adapted by Apple Computer for its Macintosh prototype, the Lisa.

Источник

англ.яз / Английский для инженеров Полякова перевод текста / 12A,B,C,D / Текст с переводом 10A,B,C,D / Текст 12С

Microsoft Windows (или просто Windows) является программой, которая делает Ваш ПК IBM-PC (или совместимый) удобным. Это делает это, упрощая пользовательский интерфейс компьютера.

Интерфейс слова обращается к способу, которым Вы даете свои компьютерные команды, способ, которым Вы взаимодействуете с этим.

Обычно интерфейс между Вами и компьютер состоят из экрана и клавиатуры: Вы взаимодействуете с компьютером, отвечая на то, что находится на экране, печатающем в командах в командной строке ДОСА, чтобы сделать Вашу работу.

ДОС часто не очень интеллектуален при интерпретации Ваших команд, и большинство людей считает это неуклюжим или пугающим как пользовательский интерфейс. Эти команды могут быть запутывающими и трудными помнить. Кто хочет изучить много компьютерных команд только, чтобы видеть то, что находится на Вашем диске, скопируйте файл, или отформатируйте диск?

Windows изменяет большую часть этого. То, что отсутствовало в PC, является программой, которая делает компьютер удобным. Windows — только такая программа. С Windows Вы можете управлять программами, войти и переместить данные, и выполнить СВЯЗАННЫЕ С ДОСОМ задачи, простые при использовании мыши указать на объекты на экране. Конечно, Вы также используете клавиатуру, чтобы напечатать в письмах и числах.

Windows интерпретирует Ваши действия и говорит ДОС и Ваш компьютер, что сделать.

В дополнение к созданию вспомогательных задач ДОСА, таких как создание справочников, копирование файлов, удаление файлов, форматирование дисков, и т.д, легче, Windows делает запущение Ваших любимых приложений легче, также. (Заявление — пакет программ, который Вы используете для определенной задачи, такой как обработка текста. WordPerfect — пример заявления. В этой книге я буду использовать программу слов и заявление попеременно.)

Windows должен свое имя к факту, что он управляет каждой программой или документом в его собственном отдельном окне. (Окно — коробка или структура на экране.) У Вас могут быть многочисленные окна на экране за один раз, каждый содержащий его собственную программу и/или документ. Вы можете тогда легко переключиться между программами, не имея необходимость закрываться один и открывать следующее.

Другая особенность — то, что у Windows есть средство – назвал Клипборд – который позволяет Вам копировать материал между несходными типами документа, облегчая сокращать и приклеивать информацию от, скажем, крупноформатной таблицы в отчет компании или помещать просмотренную фотографию дома в брошюру недвижимого имущества. В основном Windows обеспечивает средства для того, чтобы они легко присоединились к способностям совсем других приложений. Мало того, что Вы можете приклеить части одного документа в другого, но используя более продвинутые особенности соединения документа, те приклеиваемые элементы остаются «живыми». Таким образом, если первоисточник (такой как некоторые данные о крупноформатной таблице) изменения, результаты будут также отражены во вторичном документе, содержащем приклеиваемые данные.

Поскольку все больше приложений написано, чтобы бежать с Windows, для любого к тому, будет легче, как использовать новые программы. Это — то, потому что все приложения, которые бегут в Windows, используют подобные команды и процедуры.

Windows прибывает поставляемый несколькими из его собственных удобных программ, и мы обсудим их в этой книге. Есть программа обработки текстов под названием, Пишут, чертежная программа под названием Кисть, коммуникационная программа, названная терминалом для того, чтобы соединиться с внешними информационными услугами по телефонным линиям, маленькие утилиты, которые полезны для того, чтобы отследить назначения и примечания, несколько игр, чтобы помочь Вам сбежать из своей работы, и немногих других.

Годы исследования вошли в развитие опытного образца сегодняшних популярных графических интерфейсов пользователя. Было показано в начале 1980-ых, что графическим интерфейсом пользователя, в соединении с переносным указывающим устройством (теперь названный мышью), было намного легче работать и понять чем подход клавишной команды более старого стиля к управлению компьютером. Малоизвестный факт — то, что это исследование проводилось Xerox Corporation и сначала привело к Звездному компьютеру ксерокса перед ПК IBM-PC, или Макинтоши существовали. Только в позже, технология была приспособлена Компьютером Apple к ее опытному образцу Макинтоша, Лайзе.

Источник