VARIANT 1
Exercise 1. Open the brackets and put the verbs into Present Simple or Present Continuous.
John: Good morning, (be) Mr Green there (1)?
Jack: No, he (not/be) here (2). He (work) at this moment (3). He usually (work) until 4 p.m. (4).
John: What about Mrs Green? Where (be) she (5)?
Jack: She (do) the shopping (6). She always (do) the shopping on Wednesday afternoons (7).
John: Where (be) the children (8)?
Jack: They (play) football (9). They always (play) football after school (10).
John: How (you/know) all this (11)? Who are you?
Jack: I (be) the burglar (12)!
Exercise 2. Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect or Present Perfect Progressive).
1. One can see through the windows again. Jane (clean) them.
2. You are absolutely sunburned. You (sit) in the sun too long.
3. We can watch the film now. Michael (connect) the DVD player.
4. The room looks much nicer now. I (hang) up some pictures.
5. Freddy is soaken wet. He (wash) the dog.
6. I am not hungry. I (eat / already) something.
7. Can I go outside? I (do) my homework.
8. My eyes are red because I (cut) onions.
9. Bob (drive / not) a car for eight years.
VARIANT 2
Exercise 1. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct tense forms (Present Simple or Present Continuous).
1. This machine (not/work). 2. Hurry. The bus (come). I {not/want) to miss it. 3. The river Nile (flow) into the Mediterranean. 4. The river (flow) very fast today — much faster than usual. 5. (it/ever/snow) in China? 6. We usually (grow) cucumbers and tomatoes in our garden, but this year we (not/grow) any. 7. You can take my umbrella. I (not/ need) it at the moment. 8. I usually (enjoy) parties. But I (not/enjoy) this one very much. 9. George says he is eighty years old. But I (not/believe) him. 10. Roger is in Paris at the moment. He (stay) at the Continental Hotel. He usually (stay) at this hotel when he is in Paris.
Exercise 2. Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect or Present Perfect Progressive).
1. Why are you out of breath? — I (run) .
2. The toaster is okay again. Dad (repair) it.
3. I am so tired, I (work) all day.
4. Your shirt is clean now. Maggie (wash) it.
5. I’m afraid, I’m getting a cold. I (walk) home in the rain.
6. Your clothes smell awful! (you / smoke) ?
7. Peggy is ready for her exam now. I (help) her preparing for it.
8. It is dark in here because we (close) the curtains. We want to watch a film and that’s better in the dark.
9. His voice is gone now because he (shout) all morning.
100
1. Why are you out of breath? — I (run)……………… .
I have been running
100
5. I’m afraid, I’m getting a cold. I(walk) ……………. home in the rain.
5. I’m afraid, I’m getting a cold. I have been walking home in the rain.
100
9. His voice is gone now because he (shout) ………….. all morning.
9. His voice is gone now because he has been shouting all morning.
100
4. The room looks much nicer now. I (hang up) ……..some pictures.
4. The room looks much nicer now. I have hung up some pictures.
200
2. The toaster is okay again. Dad (repair) …………….it
2. The toaster is okay again. Dad has repaired it.
200
6. Your clothes smell awful! ……….you ………… (smoke) ?
6. Your clothes smell awful! Have you been smoking ?
200
1. One can see through the windows again. Jane (clean) ………………..them.
1. One can see through the windows again. Jane has cleaned them.
200
5. Freddy is soaken wet. He (wash) ………….. the dog.
5. Freddy is soaken wet. He has been washing the dog.
300
3. I am so tired, I (work) …………………. all day.
3. I am so tired, I have been working all day.
300
7. Peggy is ready for her exam now. I (help) ………. her preparing for it.
7. Peggy is ready for her exam now. I have helped her preparing for it.
300
2. You are absolutely sunburned. You (sit) ……….. in the sun too long.
2. You are absolutely sunburned. You have been sitting in the sun too long.
300
6. I am not hungry. I (eat) ………… already…………….. something.
6. I am not hungry. I have already eaten something.
400
4. Your shirt is clean now. Maggie (wash) ………….. it.
4. Your shirt is clean now. Maggie has washed it.
400
8. It is dark in here because we (close) ……………….. the curtains. We want to watch a film and that’s better in the dark.
8. It is dark in here because we have closed the curtains. We want to watch a film and that’s better in the dark.
400
3. We can watch the film now. Michael (connect)…………. the DVD player.
3. We can watch the film now. Michael has connected the DVD player.
400
7. Can I go outside? I(do) ………………… my homework.
7. Can I go outside? I have done my homework.
Click to zoom
Добавил:
Vezen
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:
Скачиваний:
26710
Добавлен:
20.06.2014
Размер:
2.46 Mб
Скачать
|
Practice Test 12 |
ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ |
3Вы услышите девушку, рассказывающую о своём путешествии в Южную Америку. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
14A8 The narrator wanted to go to South America because 1 she had enjoyed working on a project about it.
2 she wanted to see the nature there. 3 her father had told her a lot about it.
15A9 The narrator’s parents were worried that she 1 would get homesick while she was away. 2 wouldn’t come back from South America. 3 wanted to travel by herself.
16A10 The narrator says that she was surprised by
1 how well she did in her exams.
2 how long her trip took to plan.
3 how relaxed her parents were about the trip.
17A11 The narrator decided to do volunteer work because 1 some friends recommended it to her.
2 she thought it would be the most enjoyable way to spend her time. 3 she thought it would impress future employers.
18A12 Regarding her time in the mountain village, the narrator suggests that 1 it passed very quickly.
2 she would have liked to stay longer.
3 it had made her want to become a teacher.
19A13 The narrator says that she is glad that, while on her trip, she 1 spent time getting to know the locals.
2 knew how to speak some Spanish.
3 visited every country in South America.
20A14 Now that she is back from her trip, the narrator 1 is keen to travel again.
2 is recovering from an illness she caught in South America. 3 is considering going to university in South America.
93
|
ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ |
Practice Test 12 |
1Установите соответствие между заголовками A–Н и текстами 1–7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B2. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
A A better method
B Responsible shopping
C Lucky winners
DHelp from nature
1 Two families – one from London, and one from Liverpool – have won last night’s national lottery. Speaking from outside their home in London’s East End, Mr and Mrs Miller said that they will ‘not let the money change their lives’ and that they will both be at work as usual on Monday morning. The Liverpool family, who do not wish to be named, plan to move abroad.
2 For many years now, Changi Airport in Singapore has been voted the world’s best airport by airline travellers. Changi Airport does not simply provide travellers with wonderful restaurants and shops in a calm and pleasant atmosphere. You can also swim in its rooftop swimming pool, have a massage in one of its spas, sit quietly in the ‘garden’ area of its main hall, or watch TV in comfortable chairs while waiting for your flight.
3Before the invention of the compass, sailors looked to the sun in the daytime and to the stars at night to help them find their way across the oceans. For example, by locating Polaris (or ‘the North Star’) in the night sky, sailors could identify the direction of North. This is because Polaris never moves from its position in the night sky directly above the North Pole.
4Long ago, zoos obtained their animals by going out into the wild and capturing them. Today, this happens very rarely. For one thing, it is extremely stressful for the animals involved and there is a high risk of injury.
E A great shopping experience
F Working to protect animals
G Everything you need
H Waiting in comfort
Also, wild animals often carry diseases that would harm the other animals in the zoo. Today, therefore, most zoos get their animals from the captive breeding programmes of other zoos.
5Gyms these days are full of all kinds of fancy exercise equipment; treadmills, rowing machines, exercise bikes, resistance machines and much more. But the biggest gyms also have swimming pools, steam rooms and cafeterias. They offer classes in yoga, dance, aerobics and many other forms of exercise. And they have expert trainers on hand to answer all your fitness questions.
6Here is one thing that we can all do to help species that are close to extinction. When travelling overseas, be very careful not to buy any souvenirs that have been made from species nearing extinction. This means avoiding purchasing items made from ivory, coral and fur and also ‘medicinal’ products as they often contain rhino, tiger and bear parts.
7Wildlife parks and zoos are very educational places but perhaps their greatest purpose is the conservation of endangered species. Animal centres all around the world work together in order to breed rare and endangered species. For example, today there are only a few hundred giant pandas left in the wild. If breeding programmes and conservation efforts are successful, future generations may still be able to see these beautiful animals in the flesh, not just in books.
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
B2 C |
H |
D |
A |
G |
B |
F |
94
|
Practice Test 12 |
ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ |
2 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу B3.
In 2004, a grave containing the skeletons of a human and a cat, lying close together, was excavated in Cyprus.
The grave was around 9,500 years old, 1) …….. .
The ancient Egyptians kept cats as pets,
2) …….. .
People often placed statues of cats outside their homes, 3) …….. . When a cat died, their former owners and the other occupants of the house would go into deep mourning and would often even shave their eyebrows as a sign of grief.
Moreover, cats were frequently mummified and bowls of milk and dead rats and mice were placed in their tombs, 4) …….. .
Awhich seems very strange to modern cultures
Band showed that cats had been kept by humans for far longer than we had previously thought
Cso that they would have food for their journey into the afterlife
Das they kept rats and mice away from homes
Cats were so respected in ancient Egypt that they were even protected by law. People could be sentenced to death if they killed a cat, 5) …….. .
One record documents the execution of an unfortunate Roman soldier whose chariot had run over a cat.
There are many tomb scenes that show cats as part of everyday life in ancient Egypt. They often showed them wearing jewellery including earrings, necklaces and fancy collars. The Egyptians even took their cats on hunting expeditions, 6) …….. .
Today, it is estimated that there are over 600 million domestic cats around the world, which makes the cat the most popular of all pets. However, the cat no longer has any religious significance in any culture.
Eand they also worshipped the cat like one of their gods
Fbecause they believed that this would protect the inhabitants
G even by accident
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
B3 B |
E |
F |
C |
G |
A |
95
|
ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ |
Practice Test 12 |
3Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
A New Life
“Are you looking for a room?” the man had asked. We’d only just got off the bus. Ian was still pulling the bags out of the luggage
prices,” the man
A15
We’d been all around the country that summer, finding temporary work to pay for our travels. Ian had grown up in a village, so
A16
the local farmers had been happy to hire him to help them out for a week or two. I’m a city boy myself, but because I’m pretty well-built I didn’t have a problem either. Of course, that meant that I got all the heavy work!
Once we had collected our bags, we followed the man up a nearby side-street. He didn’t stop talking the whole way. After a few twists
That first night we strolled around the town to see what opportunities there might be for work. Our last job had given us enough to live off for a few weeks so we weren’t desperate,
A19
possible. Everyone we met was very friendly and we went back to our rooms feeling quite optimistic.
Within a couple of days, I had started work
at a fish restaurant in the town washing up the
A20
pots and dishes. Maybe it wasn’t the best job in the world, but after weeks of manual labour in the fields it was a welcome change. I could watch the chef preparing the food and sometimes, when the restaurant was particularly busy, I would help him. He knew
these rooms would be too expensive for us. The man must have read my thoughts. “Now, normally I’d be asking twice as much for these rooms,” he began, “but you’re in luck because the tourist season is practically over.”
The rooms were perfect. The décor was slightly shabby but, as if to make up for it, the balcony had a stunning view over the town. We decided to stay for a month initially, and depending on what happened, we would come to an arrangement after that. It was a relief to be settled somewhere, if only for a few weeks. I could now pack my suitcase in record time and we’d met so many people that I’d lost count. Sometimes when I was introduced to yet another stranger I would change my name, just to make it more interesting.
tasted amazing. I’d go home at night and write down the recipes and tips that I’d learnt.
Our first month in the town came to an end and we decided to stay for another three. Ian had found some painting and decorating work and I was quite happy. Those three months turned into six, and before I knew it I had been at the restaurant for a whole year. The chef asked me if I would like to become his assistant — he said I had a natural gift for cooking. So that’s how I ended up here, ten years later, as Head Chef at Alberto’s Fish
Restaurant. Ian is still here as well, running
A21
his own decorating business. One day I hope to achieve something similar for myself, too.
96
|
Practice Test 12 |
ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ |
|||
|
The man waiting at the bus stop was very |
||||
|
14 |
||||
|
A15 |
1 |
|||
|
rude. |
||||
|
2 |
impatient. |
|||
|
3 |
unhelpful. |
|||
|
4 |
persistent. |
15A16 The farmers gave the narrator and his friend Ian work because
1 they thought they would be suitable for it.
2 they needed seasonal workers.
3 they had known Ian since he was young.
4 they found both boys cheerful and friendly.
16A17 The narrator thought the rooms could be too expensive after he realised 1 how popular they were.
2 what time of year it was.
3 how nice the exterior was.
4 where they were.
17A18 In paragraph four, the narrator suggests that he had become tired of 1 staying in hotels.
2 packing his suitcase.
3 moving from place to place.
4 meeting new people.
18A19 In paragraph five, the narrator uses the phrase ‘put out feelers’ to mean 1 meet as many people as possible.
2 speak to people to get information about work.
3 find a suitable job to earn some money.
4 get to know a new place.
19A20 The narrator enjoyed his new job because 1 all his food was cooked for him.
2 it was different from his previous jobs.
3 his boss took an interest in teaching him to cook. 4 the time passed quickly.
20A21 In the final paragraph, we learn that the narrator 1 would like to start a business with Ian.
2 regrets staying so long at Alberto’s restaurant.
3 hopes that his career as a chef will continue to advance. 4 wishes that he had achieved as much as Ian.
97
ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА Practice Test 12
1Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, сло* ва, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номера* ми B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10.
|
B4 |
was |
|
B5 |
was trying |
|
B6 |
will find |
|
B7 |
had passed |
|
B8 |
have been given |
|
|
B9 |
had left |
|
|
B10 |
fixed |
2 Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11–B16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответ* ствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16.
The Trans Siberian Railway
|
Travelling on the |
Trans Siberian |
Express is an |
extraordinary journey. It |
is the |
longest |
|||||
|
continuous |
||||||||||
|
B11 |
railway in the world — 10,000 kilometres long, or one third of the distance |
|||||||||
|
around |
the globe. |
Travellers on |
the Trans Siberian railway describe the |
journey |
as a(n) |
|||||
|
amazing |
||||||||||
|
B129) |
adventure; seven days or more of exotic travel from Moscow to Vladivostok. |
|||||||||
|
10)B13 |
conversation |
with other passengers that |
||||||||
|
However, many travellers say that it is the |
||||||||||
makes the journey special. You can spend many hours making new friends and discussing the
|
landscape of the Ural Mountains and Siberia. |
||||||||||
|
You can either stay on |
the |
train |
for the |
whole journey |
or, |
if |
you are |
feeling more |
||
|
1B14) |
adventurous |
, |
you |
can |
arrange |
stops along the |
way. |
A |
stopover |
at Irkutsk is |
|
recommended for a few days. Here you can explore the city and visit the |
12)B15 |
beautiful |
|
Lake Baikal; the deepest lake in the world. |
The journey ends on the east coast of Russia in Vladivostok, whose name means “Lord of the East”. However you decide to spend your time on the Trans Siberian Express, it will be an extremely
|
13)B16 |
memorable |
experience. |
CONTINUE
AMAZE CONVERSE
ADVENTURE BEAUTY
MEMORY
98
|
Practice Test 12 |
ЧАСТЬ 3 – ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА |
3Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22–А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22–A28, в которых представлены возмож* ные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
The Report Card
John had never been very good 14)A22…….. sports. He simply wasn’t an athletic kind of person. He knew it, his
friends knew it, and his gym teachers at school had known it, too. On his school report for the year 1992, his
|
Physical Education teacher had written: ‘John tries very |
……..15)A23 |
in class, but achieves below average results.’ |
|||
|
The teacher had obviously thought that it would be a good idea to mention John’s effort, but he only |
|||||
|
16)A24…….. |
|||||
|
in emphasising his failure. |
|||||
|
As an adult in his |
thirties, John did everything he could to avoid playing any sort of sport. Whenever |
||||
|
17)A25……… |
his friends were trying to organise a friendly game of football, or his boss needed to find a tennis partner, John
would always 18)A26…….. an excuse. Once, he even faked an injury so that he didn’t have to take 19)A27…….. in
a basketball game. But it was only when John had to explain to his new girlfriend why he couldn’t play squash with
|
her that he decided that his problem with sports had gone on for long enough. It was |
……..20)A28 |
to change. |
|||||||||
|
A22 |
1 |
for |
2 |
at |
3 |
to |
4 |
on |
|||
|
A23 |
1 |
strongly |
2 |
well |
3 |
heavily |
4 |
hard |
|||
|
A24 |
1 |
achieved |
2 |
succeeded |
3 |
managed |
4 |
ended |
|||
|
A25 |
1 |
beginning |
2 |
young |
3 |
early |
4 |
opening |
|||
|
A26 |
1 |
make up |
2 |
find out |
3 |
put up |
4 |
think over |
|||
|
A27 |
1 |
position |
2 |
role |
3 |
place |
4 |
part |
|||
|
A28 |
1 |
time |
2 |
moment |
3 |
season |
4 |
point |
ЧАСТЬ 4 – ПИСЬМО
C11 You have received a letter from your English speaking pen friend Jack who writes:
… Well, my exams start next week and I’m feeling a little stressed even though I’ve studied hard. How often do you have exams at your school? Do you like taking exams? How do you
cope with the pressure?
It’s my best friend John’s birthday this weekend …
Write a letter to Jack. In your letter ● answer his questions
● ask 3 questions about his best friend’s birthday Write 100 140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
C22 Comment on the following statement.
“Extreme sports have become more and more popular. However, some say that they are too risky.”
What is your opinion? Does the thrill of the sport outweigh the risk? Write 200 250 words.
Use the following plan:
●write an introduction (state the problem/topic)
●express your personal opinion and give reasons for it
●give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it
●draw a conclusion
99
|
ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ |
Practice Test 13 |
1 Вы услышите высказывания шести людей о путешествиях. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего 1–6 и утверждениями, данными в списке A–G. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное буквой,
только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B1.
A I appreciate travelling for my job.
B I have found a way to travel quite cheaply.
C I don’t have to travel far to find what I want. D I prefer to travel by myself.
E Thinking about my holiday helps me to cope with my busy schedule. F I think people should think about the negative effects of travelling. G I want to travel more but I have a problem that stops me.
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|
B1 C |
E |
F |
A |
G |
B |
2Вы услышите беседу двух друзей о мобильных телефонах и Интернете. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1– True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положи’ тельного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Вы услышите запись дважды. Обведите правильный ответ.
A17 Laura is looking at mobile phones in a shop window.
|
1 True |
2 False |
3 Not stated |
A28 Dave doesn’t own a mobile phone.
|
1 |
True |
2 |
False |
3 |
Not stated |
||
|
A39 |
Dave believes that using technology has made people more anti-social. |
||||||
|
1 |
True |
2 |
False |
3 |
Not stated |
||
|
Both Laura and Dave would like to use the Internet when they are not at home. |
|||||||
|
A410 |
|||||||
|
1 |
True |
2 |
False |
3 |
Not stated |
||
|
Dave is worried about the Internet having harmful effects on young people. |
|||||||
|
A511 |
|||||||
|
1 |
True |
2 |
False |
3 |
Not stated |
A612 Laura’s parents monitor her use of the Internet.
|
1 True |
2 False |
3 Not stated |
A713 In the end, Laura decides not to buy an Internet phone.
|
1 True |
2 False |
3 Not stated |
100
|
Practice Test 13 |
ЧАСТЬ 1 – АУДИРОВАНИЕ |
3Вы услышите рассказ молодого человека о вегетарианстве. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A814 While growing up, the narrator ate food that was 1 unhealthy.
2 badly cooked.
3 not very varied.
A915 The narrator says his university served food that was 1 liked only by the foreign students.
2 good value but not very healthy.
3 worse than what he was used to.
A1016 The narrator tried a vegetarian dish because
1 his vegetarian friends encouraged him to.
2 he thought the quality might be better.
3 the meat dishes had started to make him ill.
A1117 After he started eating vegetarian meals, the narrator
1 realised his attitude towards vegetarians had been wrong.
2 began to really dislike the smell of meat.
3 began to lose weight.
A1218 While deciding whether to become a vegetarian or not, the narrator
1 did some research into vegetarianism.
2 continued to eat some meat.
3 realised how healthy he felt.
A1319 The narrator finally made his decision based on
1 what he found out about the benefits of vegetarianism. 2 how much healthier he was feeling.
3 the opinions of others.
A1420 The narrator’s parents
1 are slowly accepting his decision to be a vegetarian. 2 are now thinking about becoming vegetarians too. 3 are unhappy that he is a vegetarian.
101
|
ЧАСТЬ 2 – ЧТЕНИЕ |
Practice Test 13 |
1Установите соответствие между заголовками A–Н и текстами 1–7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу B2. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
A Travel with a purpose
B Make a discovery
C Getting a good view
DA difficult task
1 For hundreds of years, people have been competing in bizarre ‘gurning’ contests around England. What is gurning? Well, it is simply the act of making the ugliest face possible. Some elderly people can make some spectacular gurns. If they have false teeth, they can take them out and bring their lower lip so far up that it can cover their nose! But even younger people can make amazing gurns – just look at celebrity Jim Carrey!
2Thousands of spectators line the route of the Tour de France bike race each year, trying to see over other people’s heads. Then when the competitors pass, they flash by so quickly that it is hard to get even a glimpse of them. Therefore, it’s worth buying a tour guide with route information so that you can plan well in advance the best place to stand to see your favourite cyclists speed by.
3The goal of responsible tourism is to help people in need as well as the holidaymakers themselves. Some tour operators, for example, organise charity bike rides. Visitors cycle around places of interest following a pre-arranged route. They enjoy a valuable new experience and at the same time part of the cost of the holiday is donated to local community projects.
4The Sibit-sibit Festival is held each year to give tourists a rich and colourful picture of the history of Olongapo in the Philippines. Sibit-sibits are ancient paddle boats that
E Greatest invention
F An unusual competition
G Keeping traditions alive
H Still popular today
were used by fishing villages. During past celebrations, fishermen held races and won with their great physical strength alone. Today, the traditional Sibit-sibit Festival is a lively and enchanting event that brings together Olongapo’s rich past, successful present and promising future.
5Bicycles were first introduced in the 19th century and there are now over one billion of them worldwide. Many people still prefer this eco-friendly mode of transport. Postmen, delivery personnel and even police officers can often be seen riding bicycles.
6The Archaeological Seminars Foundation offers visitors of all ages the opportunity to ‘Dig for a Day’. This programme allows the unskilled enthusiast to get their hands dirty while getting the chance to make a fabulous discovery. Activities include digging, pottery examination and touring the latest excavation site. Thousands of people have already participated in this memorable experience!
7What is the most important mechanical invention of all time? The wheel no doubt! The earliest known use of the wheel was probably the potter’s wheel in 3500 BC in Mesopotamia. Interestingly enough, the wheel was used for manufacturing before it was used for transporting. Today, nearly every machine includes the wheel; from the smallest of pocket watches to the largest of aeroplanes.
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
B2 F |
C |
A |
G |
H |
B |
E |
102
Соседние файлы в предмете Английский язык
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
20.06.20148.88 Mб86Примеры резюме на английском языке.pdf
- #
- #
Пословицы и поговорки — это отражение народной мысли, установок, моральных ценностей. Обычно они имеют аналоги в других языках, поскольку воспроизводят «простые истины», свойственные любому человеку каждой нации. Пословица может иметь другие образы, но будет доносить тот же смысл:
| Английские пословицы | Русские эквиваленты английских пословиц |
| When in Rome, do as the Romans do. | В чужой монастырь со своим уставом не ходят. |
| The early bird catches the worm. | Кто рано встаёт — тому Бог подает. |
| Too many cooks spoil the broth. | У семи нянек дитя без глазу. |
⠀
Но есть высказывания, которые вообще не имеют эквивалента в русском языке. Такие пословицы в наибольшей степени отражают отличия менталитета, поэтому составляют для нас особый интерес.
Кстати, сегодня мы узнаем не только смысл этих английских пословиц, но и связанные с ними занимательные истории.
Обрати внимание: если вдруг ты не согласен с описанным примером и точно знаешь русский аналог, то обязательно пиши об этом в комментариях — подискутируем! 🙂
Уникальное наследие: пословицы на английском языке с переводом
1. If you can’t be good, be careful.
Дословный перевод: Если не можешь быть хорошим, будь осторожен.
Если ты собираешься делать безнравственные вещи, убедись, что они не опасны для тебя или общества. Когда ты планируешь сделать что-то аморальное, удостоверься, что об этом никто не узнает.
Первое упоминание именно этой формулировки датируется 1903-м годом, но смысл выражения намного старше и берет свое начало из латинской пословицы «Si non caste, tamen caute» (если не целомудренно, то по крайней мере осторожно).
2. A volunteer is worth twenty pressed men.
Дословный перевод: Один доброволец стоит двадцати принужденных.
Значение пословицы по сути прямое: даже маленькая группа людей может быть полезнее, если у нее есть энтузиазм, стремление и т.д. Зародилась эта пословица в начале 18-го века.
В то время Королевский флот имел группу матросов, вооруженных дубинками, чья цель была «насобирать» моряков на флот. Они могли делать это, рассказывая о небывалых преимуществах службы, или же просто силой (все же вооружены дубинками они были неспроста).
Такое стечение обстоятельств не делало принужденного хорошим моряком. Отсюда и «вытекло» это умозаключение.
Заметь, что в этой пословице можно менять соотношение цифр:
100 volunteers are worth 200 press’d men.
One volunteer is worth two pressed men
и т.д.
3. Suffering for a friend doubleth friendship.
Дословный перевод: Страдание за друга удваивает дружбу.
Значение этой шотландской пословицы понятно без особых объяснений. Казалось бы, в русском языке есть довольно похожая пословица «друг познается в беде». При этом очень интересен сам смысл «страдания за друга». Если в русском варианте говорится о том, чтобы не отвернуться от друга и помочь ему в трудной ситуации, то здесь именно страдать вместе с ним, тем самым усиливая дружбу.
Еще одна интересная с точки зрения образов английская пословица о дружбе: Friends are made in wine and proven in tears (дружба рождается в вине, а проверяется в слезах).
Также читайте: Какой он — живой английский язык?
4. A woman’s work is never done.
Дословный перевод: Женский труд никогда не заканчивается.
Ну вот и о нашей нелегкой женской доле английские пословицы позаботились 🙂 Выражение пошло от старинного двустишия:
Man may work from sun to sun,
But woman’s work is never done.
Получается, значение пословицы в том, что женские дела (в отличие от мужских) длятся бесконечно. Видно это из примера:
«A woman’s work is never done!», said Leila. She added: «As soon as I finish washing the breakfast dishes, it’s time to start preparing lunch. Then I have to go shopping and when the kids are back home I have to help them with their homework.»
(«Женский труд никогда не заканчивается!», — Сказала Лейла. Она добавила: «Как только я заканчиваю мыть посуду после завтрака, приходит время готовить обед. Потом я должна идти по магазинам и, когда дети возвращаются домой, я должна помогать им с домашним заданием».)
5. Comparisons are odious / odorous.
Дословный перевод: Сравнения отвратительны / воняют.
Люди должны оцениваться по их собственным заслугам, не стоит кого-либо или что-либо сравнивать между собой.
Два варианта пословица имеет не просто так. Первый вариант (Comparisons are odious) очень древний, и впервые он был запечатлен еще в 1440 году. А вот измененный вариант (Comparisons are odorous) был «создан» Шекспиром и использован им в пьесе «Много шума из ничего».
6. Money talks.
Дословный перевод: Деньги говорят (сами за себя).
Значение — деньги решают все. Происхождение выражения является предметом споров среди лингвистов. Одни считают, что пословица зародилась в Америке 19-го века, другие — что в средневековой Англии.
Кстати, пословица использована в названии песни австралийской рок-группы AC/DC.
7. Don’t keep a dog and bark yourself.
Дословный перевод: Не держи собаку, если лаешь сам.
Значение этой английском пословицы: не работай за своего подчиненного. Высказывание очень древнее: первое упоминание зафиксировано еще в 1583 году.
По поводу отсутствия аналога: в разных источниках дана разная информация. Кто-то согласен с тем, что аналогов в русском языке нет, другие в качестве эквивалента предлагают пословицу:
За то собаку кормят, что она лает.
Однако, в Большом словаре русских пословиц такой пословицы о собаке нет вообще. Возможно, то что предлагают нам в качестве альтернативы, это адаптированный перевод именно английской пословицы (такое бывает).
8. Every man has his price.
Дословный перевод: У каждого есть своя цена.
Согласно этой пословице, подкупить можно любого, главное предложить достаточную цену. Наблюдение впервые зафиксировано в 1734 году, но, скорее всего, имеет и более давнюю историю.
Также читайте: История Англии: список лучших документальных фильмов
9. Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.
Дословный перевод: Подражание — самая искренняя форма лести.
Значение пословицы прямое. Эта формулировка восходит к началу 19-го века. Но сама мысль еще древнее и встречалась в текстах 18-го века, например, в 1714 году у журналиста Юстаса Баджелла:
Imitation is a kind of artless Flattery (Имитация является своего рода бесхитростной лестью).
10. It’s better to light a candle than curse the darkness.
Дословный перевод: Лучше зажечь свечу, чем проклинать темноту.
Вопрос об аналоге снова спорен: в некоторых источниках, где даны английские пословицы с переводом на русский, эквивалентом называют:
Лучше пойти и плюнуть, чем плюнуть и не пойти.
Хочу с этим поспорить. Значение русской пословицы: лучше сделать, чем жалеть, что не сделал. Смысл английской — лучше исправить положение, чем жаловаться на него. Лично мне смысловая составляющая про жалобы кажется первостепенной, поэтому приравнивать эти пословицы я бы не стала.
11. Stupid is as stupid does
Дословный перевод: Глуп тот, кто глупо поступает.
На самом деле это не совсем «народная пословица», а фраза, которой Форест Гамп отбивался от назойливых вопросов о своем интеллекте:
Фраза ушла в народ 🙂 Прародитель этого выражения — пословица «Handsome is as handsome does» (красив тот, кто красиво поступает), уже имеющая аналог в русском языке: «Не тот хорош, кто лицом пригож, а тот хорош, кто для дела гож».
Также читайте: Игра престолов с Lingualeo, или Hear me roar
12. You can’t make bricks without straw
Дословный перевод: Нельзя сделать кирпич без соломы.
Опять же в некоторых источниках в качестве аналога указывается русское «без труда не вытащишь и рыбку из пруда». При этом английская пословица говорит не о трудолюбии, а о невозможности выполнить задачу без необходимых материалов.
«It’s no good trying to build a website if you don’t know any html, you can’t make bricks without straw.» (Не пытайся создать веб-сайт, если ты не знаешь HTML: ты не можешь делать кирпичи без соломы).
Согласно википедии выражение берет начало из библейского сюжета, когда Фараон в наказание запрещает давать израильтянам солому, но приказывает делать то же количество кирпичей, как и раньше.
Где искать пословицы и поговорки на английском языке по темам?
Возможно, это не все высказывания, не имеющие русских аналогов, ведь английских пословиц (и их значений) огромное множество. Кстати, ты вполне можешь поискать их самостоятельно в нашей Библиотеке материалов по запросу “proverb”, чтобы насытить свою английскую речь чудесными выражениями. Успехов! 🙂