Сколько процентов персональных компьютеров используют операционные системы windows macos linux

The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because data about operating system share is difficult to obtain. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its collection. Operating systems are used in numerous device types, from embedded devices without a screen through to supercomputers.

The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because data about operating system share is difficult to obtain. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its collection. Operating systems are used in numerous device types, from embedded devices without a screen through to supercomputers.

Most device types that people interact with access the web, so using web access statistics helps compare the usage share of operating systems across most device types, and also the usage share of operating systems used for the same types.

As of November 2022, Android, an operating system using the Linux kernel, is the world’s most-used operating system when judged by web use. It has 42% of the global market, followed by Windows with 30%, Apple iOS with 18%, macOS with 6%, then (desktop) Linux at 1.0% also using the Linux kernel.[1][2] These numbers do not include embedded devices or game consoles.

  • For smartphones and other pocket-sized devices, Android leads with 71% market share, and Apple’s iOS has 28%.[3]
  • For desktop and laptop computers, Windows is the most used at 76%, followed by Apple’s macOS at 16%, and Linux-based operating systems at 5% (i.e. «desktop Linux» at 2.6%, plus Google’s ChromeOS at 2.4%, in the US up to 6.2%).[4]
  • For tablets, Apple’s iPadOS has 50.7% and Android has 49.18% worldwide[5] (Android is though more used in vast majority of countries;[6] and on occational days Android measures ahead or even, globally[7]).

For the above devices, smartphones and other pocket-sized devices make up 58%, desktops and laptops 40%, and tablets 2.0%.[8] Smartphones have the most use in virtually all countries, including in the US at 51% there with PC operating systems (including Windows) down to 46%.[9][10]

  • Linux has completely dominated the supercomputer field since 2017, with all of the top 500 most powerful supercomputers in the world running a Linux distribution. Linux is also most used for (web) servers, and then most often Ubuntu used, the most common Linux distribution.

The most numerous type of device with an operating system are embedded systems. These use varied operating systems; a high percentage are standalone or do not have a web browser, which makes their usage share difficult to measure. Hypothetically some operating systems used in embedded systems are more popular than the ones mentioned above.

Worldwide device shipments[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)

In May 2020, Gartner predicted a decline in all market segments for 2020 (from already declining market in 2019) due to COVID-19, predicting a decline by 13.6% for all devices, while «Work from Home Trend Saved PC Market from Collapse», with them only predicting to decline by 10.5% for PCs. However, in the end according to Gartner, PC shipments grew «10.7% in Fourth Quarter of 2020 and […] reached 275 million units in 2020, a 4.8% increase from 2019 and the highest growth in ten years.» Apple in 4th place for PCs had the largest growth in shipments for a company in Q4 of 31.3%, while «the fourth quarter of 2020 was another remarkable period of growth for Chromebooks, with shipments increasing around 200% year over year to reach 11.7 million units. In 2020, Chromebook shipments increased over 80% to total nearly 30 million units, largely due to demand from the North American education market.»[12] Chromebooks sold more than Apple’s Macs worldwide.

According to Gartner, the following is the worldwide device shipments (referring to wholesale) by operating system, which includes smartphones, tablets, laptops and PCs together.

Worldwide device shipments by Operating System

Source Year Android iOS/macOS Windows Others
Gartner[13] 2019 (2.161 bln)
Gartner[14] 2017 (2.278 bln)
Gartner[15] 2016 (2.332 bln) 10.63% (248 mln) 11.2% (260 mln)
Gartner[11] 2015 (2.4 bln) 54.16% (1.3 bln) 12.37% (297 mln)

macOS = 1%

11.79% (283 mln) 21.66%
Gartner[16] 2014 48.61% 11.04% 14.0% 26.34%
Gartner[17] 2013 38.51% 10.12% 13.98% 37.41%
Gartner[18] 2012 22.8% 9.6% 15.62% 51.98%

Shipments (to stores) do not mean sales to consumers (not necessarily in the year of shipment), therefore suggesting the numbers indicate popularity and/or usage could be misleading. Not only do smartphones sell in higher numbers than traditional PCs – but also as a whole a lot more, by dollar value – with the gap only projected to widen, to well over double.[19]

For 2015 (and earlier), Gartner reports for «the year, worldwide PC shipments declined for the fourth consecutive year, which started in 2012 with the launch of tablets» with an 8% decline in PC sales for 2015 (not including cumulative decline in sales over the previous years).[20] Gartner includes Macs (running macOS) in PC sales numbers (but not e.g. iPads and Androids), and they individually had a slight increase in sales in 2015.

On 28 May 2015, Google announced that there were 1.4 billion Android users and 1 billion Google play users active during that month.[21][22] This changed to 2 billion monthly active users in May 2017.[23][24]

On 27 January 2016, Paul Thurrott summarized the operating system market, the day after Apple announced «one billion devices»:

Apple’s «active installed base» is now one billion devices. [..] Granted, some of those Apple devices were probably sold into the market place years ago. But that 1 billion figure can and should be compared to the numbers Microsoft touts for Windows 10 (200 million, most recently) or Windows more generally (1.5 billion active users, a number that hasn’t moved, magically, in years), and that Google touts for Android (over 1.4 billion, as of September).
My understanding of iOS is that the user base was previously thought to be around 800 million strong, and when you factor out Macs and other non-iOS Apple devices, that’s probably about right. But as you can see, there are three big personal computing platforms.

— Paul Thurrott[25]

Microsoft backed away from their goal of one billion Windows 10 devices in three years (or «by the middle of 2018»)[26] and reported on 26 September 2016 that Windows 10 was running on over 400 million devices,[27] and in March 2019 on more than 800 million.[28]

By late 2016, Android had been explained to be «killing» Apple’s iOS market share (i.e. its declining sales of smartphones, not just relatively but also by number of units, when the whole market is increasing) with

the gap between the two is growing ever larger all the time.

According to Gartner, Android now boasts a global market share of 86.2 percent. Apple’s iOS is a long way behind with a market share of just 12.9 percent. The rest may as well not even exist [..]

These figures, which cover the second quarter of 2016, show that Android has actually increased its market share by 4 percent over the last year. All other operating systems are down, with iOS losing 1.7 percent [..]

I think it’s fair to declare Android the winner in the mobile operating [system] wars at this point.

— makeuseof.com[29]

As of 9 May 2019, the biggest smartphone companies (by market share) were Samsung, Huawei and Apple, respectively.[30]

Gartner’s own press release said, «Apple continued its downward trend with a decline of 7.7 percent in the second quarter of 2016»,[31] which is their decline, based on absolute number of units, that underestimates the relative decline (with the market increasing), along with the misleading «1.7 percent [point]» decline. That point decline means an 11.6% relative decline (from 14.6% down to 12.9%).

Although in units sold Apple is declining, they are almost the only vendor making any profit in the smartphone sector from hardware sales alone. In Q3 2016 for example, they captured 103.6% of the market profits.[32]

There are more mobile phone owners than toothbrush owners,[33] with mobile phones the fastest growing technology in history.[citation needed] There are a billion more active mobile phones in the world than people (and many more than 10 billion sold so far with less than half still in use), explained by the fact that some people have more than one, such as an extra for work.[34] All the phones have an operating system, but only a fraction of them are smartphones with an OS capable of running modern applications. Currently 3.1 billion smartphones and tablets are in use across the world (with tablets, a small fraction of the total, generally running the same operating systems, Android or iOS, the latter being more popular on tablets. In 2019, a variant of iOS called iPadOS built for iPad tablets was released).

Tablet computers shipments[edit]

In 2015, eMarketer estimated at the beginning of the year that the tablet installed base would hit one billion[35] for the first time (with China’s use at 328 million, which Google Play doesn’t serve or track, and the United States’s use second at 156 million). At the end of the year, because of cheap tablets – not counted by all analysts – that goal was met (even excluding cumulative sales of previous years) as:

Sales quintupled to an expected 1 billion units worldwide this year, from 216 million units in 2014, according to projections from the Envisioneering Group.

While that number is far higher than the 200-plus million units globally projected by research firms IDC, Gartner and Forrester, Envisioneering analyst Richard Doherty says the rival estimates miss all the cheap Asian knockoff tablets that have been churning off assembly lines.[..]

Forrester says its definition of tablets «is relatively narrow» while IDC says it includes some tablets by Amazon — but not all.[..]

The top tech purchase of the year continued to be the smartphone, with an expected 1.5 billion sold worldwide, according to projections from researcher IDC. Last year saw some 1.2 billion sold.[..]

Computers didn’t fare as well, despite the introduction of Microsoft’s latest software upgrade, Windows 10, and the expected but not realized bump it would provide for consumers looking to skip the upgrade and just get a new computer instead.

Some 281 million PCs were expected to be sold, according to IDC, down from 308 million in 2014. Folks tend to be happy with the older computers and keep them for longer, as more of our daily computing activities have moved to the smartphone.[..]

While Windows 10 got good reviews from tech critics, only 11% of the 1-billion-plus Windows user base opted to do the upgrade, according to Microsoft. This suggests Microsoft has a ways to go before the software gets «hit» status. Apple’s new operating system El Capitan has been downloaded by 25% of Apple’s user base, according to Apple.

This conflicts with statistics from IDC that say the tablet market contracted by 10% in 2015 with only Huawei, ranked fifth, with big gains, more than doubling their share; for fourth quarter 2015, the five biggest vendors were the same except that Amazon Fire tablets ranked third worldwide, new on the list, enabled by its not quite tripling of market share to 7.9%, with its Fire OS Android-derivative.[37]

Global tablet shipments[a]

Source Year Android iOS Windows Others
Strategy Analytics[38] Q2 2022 49% 38% 11% 2%
Statista[39] 2020 59.4% 29.8% 10.21% 0.59%
Strategy Analytics[40] 2015 68% 22% 10% <0.1%
Gartner[41] 2013 61.9% 36.0% 2.1% <0.1%
Gartner[41] 2012 45.8% 52.8% 1.0% 0.3%

Gartner excludes some devices from their tablet shipment statistic and includes them in a different category called «premium ultramobiles» with screen sizes of more than 10″ inches.[42]

Smartphone shipments[edit]

Worldwide smartphone sales to end users by operating systems, as measured by Gartner, International Data Corporation (IDG) and others:

Smartphone shipments by OS

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
Statista[43] based on page views per month worldwide 2022 Q4 71.1% 28.3% N/A N/A N/A 0.6%
Gartner[44] Units sold in quarter 2018 Q1 85.9% 14.1% N/A N/A N/A 0.0%
Gartner[45] Units sold per year 2017 85.9% 14.0% N/A N/A N/A 0.1%
Gartner[46] Units sold in quarter 2017 Q1 86.1% 13.7% N/A N/A N/A 0.2%
Gartner[47] Units sold per year 2016 84.8% 14.4% N/A N/A N/A 0.8%
Gartner[48] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q4 81.7% 17.9% 0.3% 0.0% N/A 0.1%
Gartner[49] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q3 87.8% 11.5% 0.4% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[50] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q2 86.2% 12.9% 0.6% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[51] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q1 84.1% 14.8% 0.7% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[52] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q4 80.7% 17.7% 1.1% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[53] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q2 82.2% 14.6% 2.5% 0.3% N/A 0.4%
Gartner[54] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q4 76.0% 20.4% 2.8% 0.5% N/A 0.4%
Strategy Analytics[55] Units shipped in quarter 2014 Q3 81.3% 13.4% 4.1% 1.0% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[56] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q2 83.8% 12.2% 2.8% 0.7% N/A 0.5%
Gartner[57] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q2 79.0% 14.2% 3.3% 2.7% 0.3% 0.6%
Gartner[58] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q1 74.4% 18.2% 2.9% 3.0% 0.6% 1.0%
International Data Corporation[59] Units shipped in quarter 2013 Q1 75.0% 17.3% 3.2% 2.9% 0.6% 0.0%

World Wide Smartphone Sales.png

Web clients[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)
Web clients’ OS family statistics
Android (or based on) 42.67%
Windows 29.56%
Apple’s iOS 17.38%
Apple’s macOS 6.07%
Unknown 2.04%
Other 1.25%
Linux 0.98%
Web clients’ OS family market share according to StatCounter for April 2022.[60]
The information on web clients is obtained from user agent information obtained through JavaScript code run by web browsers supplied to web servers. «Unknown» is probably mostly Windows operating systems.[citation needed] These figures have a large margin of error for a variety of reasons. For a discussion on the shortcomings see usage share of web browsers.

The most recent data from various sources published during the last twelve months is summarized in the table below. All of these sources monitor a substantial number of web sites; statistics related to one web site only are excluded.

Android currently ranks highest,[61] above Windows (incl. Xbox console) systems. Windows Phone accounted for 0.51% of the web usage, before it was discontinued.[62]

Considering all personal computing devices, Microsoft Windows is well below 50% usage share on every continent, and at 30% in the US (24% single-day low) and in many countries lower, e.g. China, and in India at 19% (12% some days) and Windows’ lowest share globally was 29% in May 2022 (25% some days), and 29% in the US.[63]

iOS is slightly more popular than Windows in the US, and has been more used the last 6 months, on a monthly average basis,[64] or for up to 11 weeks in a row (weekly average).[65] That’s because it’s much more popular on the weekends, while Windows usually more used on weekdays. iOS has however been more used for up to almost 2 weeks, every day of that time-span, and even on some days, such as 29 May 2022, Android is also more used than Windows meaning iOS and Android are up to 2.6× more used than Windows there.[66] Worldwide, Android at 43.23% is 48% more used than Windows, next at 29.2%, and iOS third at 17.67% meaning the mobile operating systems Android and iOS are combined a bit over 2× more popular then Windows. In Africa, Android at 62.66% (for May alone is 3.3× (almost 4× with iOS) than Windows at 18.81 (and iOS third at 10.74%).[67] For a 12-month average Android is only 2.1× more popular than Windows in Africa.

Before iOS became the most popular operating system in any independent country, it was most popular in Guam, an unincorporated territory of the United States, for four consecutive quarters in 2017-18,[68][69] although Android is now the most popular there.[70] iOS has been the highest ranked OS in Jersey (a British Crown dependency in Europe) for years, by a wide margin, and iOS was also highest ranked in Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory, for one quarter in 2019, before being overtaken by Android in the following quarter.[71][72] iOS is competitive with Windows in Sweden, where some days it is more used.[73]

The designation of an «Unknown» operating system is strangely high in a few countries such as Madagascar where it was at 32.44% (no longer near as high).[74] This may be due to the fact that StatCounter uses browser detection to get OS statistics, and there the most common browsers are not often used. The version breakdown for browsers in Madagascar shows «Other» at 34.9%,[75] and Opera Mini 4.4 is the most popular known browser at 22.1% (plus e.g. 3.34% for Opera 7.6). However browser statistics without version-breakdown has Opera at 48.11% with the «Other» category very small.[76][clarification needed]

In China, Android got to be the highest ranked operating system in July 2016 (Windows has occasionally topped it since then, while since April 2016 it or all non-mobile operating systems haven’t outranked mobile operating systems, meaning Android plus iOS).[77] In the Asian continent as a whole, Android has been ranked highest since February 2016 and Android alone has the majority share,[78] because of a large majority in all the most populous countries of the continent, up to 84% in Bangladesh, where it has had over 70% share for over four years.[79] Since August 2015, Android is ranked first, at 48.36% in May 2016, in the African continent – when it took a big jump ahead of Windows 7,[80] and thereby Africa joined Asia as a mobile-majority continent. China is no longer a desktop-majority country,[81] joining India, which has a mobile-majority of 71%, confirming Asia’s significant mobile-majority.

Online usage of Linux kernel derivatives (Android + ChromeOS + other Linux) exceeds that of Windows. This has been true since some time between January and April 2016, according to W3Counter[82] and StatCounter.[83]
However, even before that, the figure for all Unix-like OSes, including those from Apple, was higher than that for Windows.

Source Date Microsoft Windows (kernel): Decrease Apple Darwin:
Increase 		Linux kernel: Increase Others:[b]
10 8/8.1 7 Vista XP WP&RT Other macOS iOS Linux Android Other
W3Counter[84] Oct 2022 Decrease 19.23% N/A Decrease 3.4% N/A N/A N/A N/A Decrease 4.03% Increase 19.23% N/A Increase 45.18% N/A N/A
W3Counter[85] Oct

2020

Increase

20.55%

N/A -1.59

6.74%

N/A N/A N/A N/A Increase

8.06%

Increase

13.67%

N/A Decrease

37.44%

N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2019 Increase16.23% N/A Increase14.32% N/A N/A N/A N/A Increase3.58% Increase13.54 N/A Decrease38.76% N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2018 -2.3311.14 N/A -1.5912.29% N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.702.80% -1.0810.68% N/A +8.8053.21% N/A N/A
W3Counter[87] Dec 2016 -1.4313.79 -0.644.54% -0.3118.45% N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.444.45% -0.0812.60% +0.663.8% +6.5634.37% N/A -1.078%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Mar 2017 -0.0612.98% -0.174.57% -0.3617.84% -0.030.41% -0.062.07% 0% 00.06% -0.65.17% +0.1013.09% -0.020.75% +0.5137.93% 00.76% +0.457.21%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Dec 2016 -0.1512.5% -0.254.79% -0.7618% -0.060.46% -0.072.24% -0.020.64% 00.09% -0.34.92% +0.4312.71% 00.86% +1.5237.8% +0.010.72% -0.374.61%
StatCounter Global Stats[89] Oct 2016 -0.1812.08% -0.225.21% -0.8218.97% -0.020.6% -0.32.44% -0.160.7% +0.010.05% -0.235.3% +0.1712.04% -0.090.85% +1.6234.46% -0.010.63% -0.266.67%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] May 2016 0.6910.27% -0.646.68% -1.5822.25% -0.060.73% -0.553.44% +0.020.83% -0.020.8% -0.045.05% +0.2611.38% -0.080.91% +1.731.6% 0.20.64% 0.316.15%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] Dec 2015 0.846.67% -0.618.5% -1.3526.66% -0.911.0% -0.114.75% +0.030.92% +0.010.2% +0.185.51% +0.1210.82% +0.051.03% +0.6727.01% 00.36% 6.57%
Wikimedia[91] Dec 2016 14.0% 4.65% 18.0% 0.43% 1.70% 0.93% 0.50% 5.4% 19.0% 0.80% 23.0% 0.30% 11.29%

Desktop and laptop computers[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (October 2018)

Windows is still the dominant desktop OS, but the dominance varies by region and it has gradually lost market share to other desktop operating systems (not just to mobile) with the slide very noticeable in the US, where macOS usage has more than quadrupled from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2020 to 30.62% (i.e. in Christmas month; and 34.72% in April 2020 in the middle of COVID-19, and iOS was more popular overall that year;[93] globally Windows lost to Android that year,[94] as for the two years prior), with Windows down to 61.136% and ChromeOS at 5.46%, plus traditional Linux at 1.73%.[95]

There is little openly published information on the device shipments of desktop and laptop computers. Gartner publishes estimates, but the way the estimates are calculated is not openly published. Another source of market share of various operating systems is StatCounter[96] basing its estimate on web use (although this may not be very accurate). Also, sales may overstate usage. Most computers are sold with a pre-installed operating system, with some users replacing that OS with a different one due to personal preference, or installing another OS alongside it and using both. Conversely, sales underestimate usage by not counting unauthorized copies. For example, in 2009, approximately 80% of software sold in China consisted of illegitimate copies.[97] In 2007, the statistics from an automated update of IE7 for registered Windows computers differed with the observed web browser share, leading one writer to estimate that 25–35% of all Windows XP installations were unlicensed.[98]

The usage share of Microsoft’s (then latest operating system) Windows 10 has slowly increased since July/August 2016, reaching around 27.15% (of all Windows versions, not all desktop or all operating systems) in December 2016. It eventually reached 79.79% on 5 October 2021, the same day on which its successor Windows 11 was released.

Web analysis shows significant variation in different parts of the world. For example, macOS use varies a lot by region, in North America claims 16.82%[99] (17.52%[100] in the US) whereas in Asia it is only 4.4%.[101] In the United States usage of Windows XP has dropped to 0.38% (of all Windows versions), and its global average to 0.59%, while in Africa it is still at 2.71%, and it still has double-digit share in at least one country.[102]

Since mid-2020, the world uses smartphones more than desktop (including laptop) computers.[103][104][105] For global statistics it’s every day of the week. It has also happened for all individual continents (at least for some weeks, and also for the United States[106][107][108][109] where the smartphone share has gone up to 54%, both on July 9, 2019, a Sunday,[110] and also that high in 2021). The proportions do vary widely by region (more so than by the day), e.g. in Africa the smartphone share is highest at 69%, in Asia at 65% and in South America at 50.19%, while in the United States it’s at 46% and desktop at 50%. On some continents, e.g. North America and the US, smartphone use may only go over 50% on weekends, since smartphones usage increases on weekends,[111][112][113][114] while the smartphone share has gone up to 54% for a single day (Thanksgiving), and on average over 50% for full week.[115][116]

  Smartphones (58.01%)

  Desktops/Laptops (39.49%)

  Tablets (2.46%)

  Console (0.06%)

The 2019 Stack Overflow developer survey provides no detail about particular versions of Windows. The desktop operating system share among those identifying as professional developers was:[117]

  • Windows: 45.3%
  • macOS: 29.2%
  • Linux: 25.3%
  • BSD/Unix: 0.1%

Microsoft data on Windows usage[edit]

In June 2016, Microsoft claimed Windows 10 had half the market share of all Windows installations in the US and UK, as quoted by BetaNews:

Microsoft’s Windows trends page [shows] Windows 10 hit 50 percent in the US (51 percent in the UK, 39 percent globally), while … Windows 7 was on 38 percent (36 percent in the UK, 46 percent globally).
A big reason for the difference in numbers comes down to how they are recorded. … actual OS usage (based on web browsing), while Microsoft records the number of devices Windows 10 is installed on. … Microsoft also only records Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10, while NetMarketShare includes both XP and Vista.

— BetaNews[118]

Desktop computer games[edit]

The digital video game distribution platform Steam publishes a monthly «Hardware & Software Survey», with the statistics below:

Month Microsoft Windows Mac OS† Linux† Other
December 2022[119] 96.15% 2.48% 1.38%
December 2021 96.19% 2.70% 1.11%
December 2020[119] 96.41% 2.82% 0.78%
December 2019[120] 96.89% 2.47% 0.67%
January 2019[121] 95.92% 3.27% 0.82%
January 2018[122] 98.38% 1.31% 0.25%
January 2017[123] 95.79% 3.31% 0.80%
January 2016[124] 95.39% 3.55% 0.95%
January 2015[125] 95.48% 3.32% 1.09%
January 2014[126] 94.93% 3.47% 0.86% 0.74%

^† These figures, as reported by Steam, do not include SteamOS statistics.[127]

Mobile devices[edit]

Smartphones OS by usage[edit]

By Q1 2018, mobile operating systems on smartphones included Google’s dominant Android (and variants) and Apple’s iOS which combined had an almost 100% market share.[128]

Smartphone penetration vs. desktop use differs substantially by country. Some countries, like Russia, still have smartphone use as low as 22.35% (as a fraction of all web use),[129] but in most western countries, smartphone use is close to 50% of all web use. This doesn’t mean that only half of the population has a smartphone, could mean almost all have, just that other platforms have about equal use. Smartphone usage share in developing countries is much higher – in Bangladesh, for example, Android smartphones had up to 84% and currently 70% share,[79] and in Mali smartphones had over 90% (up to 95%) share for almost two years.[130][131] (A section below has more information on regional trends on the move to smartphones.)

There is a clear correlation between the GDP per capita of a country and that country’s respective smartphone OS market share, with users in the richest countries being much more likely to choose Apple’s iPhone, with Google’s Android being predominant elsewhere.[132][133][134]

Global mobile OS web usage[c]

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
StatCounter Global Stats[135] Browsing (page view) 2021, Oct 71.09% 28.21% 0.01% N/A N/A 0.69%
StatCounter Global Stats[136] Browsing (page view) 2020, Oct 72.93% 26.53% 0.03% N/A N/A 0.51%
StatCounter Global Stats Browsing (page view) 2019, Sep 76.24% 22.48% 0.17% 0.02% 0.02% 1.07%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2015, Mar 61.94% 22.64% 2.27% NA 6.00% 7.09%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2014, Aug 54.87% 23.57% 2.36% 1.59% 9.73% 7.87%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2014, Feb 47.57% 22.97% 2.22% 2.62% 14.86% 6.08%
Wikimedia (includes tablets)[d] Browsing (page view) 2013, Mar 25.93% 66.53% 1.85% 2.02% 3.03% 1.12%
United States mobile OS web usage

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
comScore[138] (US only) US subscribers 2017, Jan 52.0% 43.9% 1.5% 0.5% N/A N/A
comScore[139] (US only) US subscribers 2016, Jan 52.8% 43.6% 2.7% 0.8% N/A N/A
comScore[140] (US only) US subscribers 2015, Jan 53.2% 41.3% 3.6% 1.8% 0.1% N/A
comScore[141] (US only) US subscribers 2014, Jan 51.7% 41.6% 3.2% 3.1% 0.2% N/A
comScore[142] (US only) US subscribers 2012, Feb 50.1% 30.2% 3.9% 13.4% 1.5% N/A
comScore[143] (US only) US subscribers 2010, Dec 28.7% 25.0% 8.4% 31.6% N/A 3.7%

Tablet computers OS by usage[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till mid-2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

Tablet computers, or simply tablets, became a significant OS market share category starting with Apple’s iPad. In Q1 2018, iOS had 65.03% market share and Android had 34.58% market share.[144] Windows tablets may not get classified as such by some analysts, and thus barely register; e.g. 2-in-1 PCs may get classified as «desktops», not tablets.

Since 2016, in South America (and Cuba[145] in North America), Android tablets have gained majority,[146] and in Asia in 2017 Android was slightly more popular than the iPad, which was at 49.05% usage share in October 2015.[147][148][149] In Africa, Android tablets are much more popular while elsewhere the iPad has a safe margin.

As of March 2015, Android has made steady gains to becoming the most popular tablet operating system:[150] that is the trend in many countries, having already gained the majority in large countries (India at 63.25%,[151] and in Indonesia at 62.22%[152]) and in the African continent with Android at 62.22% (first to gain Android majority in late 2014),[153] with steady gains from 20.98% in August 2012[154] (Egypt at 62.37%,[155] Zimbabwe at 62.04%[155]), and South America at 51.09% in July 2015.[156] (Peru at 52.96%[157]). Asia is at 46%.[158] In Nepal, Android gained majority lead in November 2014 but lost it down to 41.35% with iOS at 56.51%.[159] In Taiwan, as of October 2016, Android after having gained a confident majority, has been on a losing streak.[160] China is a major exception to Android gaining market share in Asia (there Android phablets are much more popular than Android tablets, while similar devices get classified as smartphones) where the iPad/iOS is at 82.84% in March 2015.[161]

Global tablet web usage

Source Month iOS Android Windows Others
StatCounter[162] Oct 2020 58.86% 41.02% 0.08% 0.04%
StatCounter[163] Dec 2019 63.11% 36.65% 0.15% 0.09%
StatCounter[164] Jul 2018 65.03% 34.58% 0.21% 0.18%
StatCounter[165] Jul 2015 65.51% 31.36% 0.78% 2.93%
StatCounter[166] Feb 2015 66.47% 29.6% 1.16% 2.73%
StatCounter[167] Oct 2014 71.67% 25.62% 0.08% 2.63%

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones are more popular than desktop computers globally (and Android in particular more popular than Windows). Including tablets with mobiles/smartphones, as they also run so-called mobile operating systems, even in the United States (and most countries) are mobiles including tablets more popular than other (older originally made for desktops) operating systems (such as Windows and macOS). Windows in the US (at 33.42%) has only 8% head-start (2.55-percentage points) over iOS only; with Android, that mobile operating system and iOS have 52.14% majority.[168] Alternatively, Apple, with iOS plus their non-mobile macOS (9.33%) has 20% more share (6.7-percentage points more) than Microsoft’s Windows in the country where both companies were built.

Although desktop computers are still popular in many countries (while overall down to 44.9% in the first quarter of 2017[169]), smartphones are more popular even in many developed countries. A few countries on all continents are desktop-minority with Android more popular than Windows; many, e.g. Poland in Europe, and about half of the countries in South America, and many in North America, e.g. Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti; up to most countries in Asia and Africa[170] with smartphone-majority because of Android, Poland and Turkey in Europe highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%.[171][172] Spain was also slightly desktop-minority. As of July 2019, Sweden had been desktop-minority for eight weeks in a row.[173]

The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes «India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet»[174] (of the big countries) where the share is around (or over) 80%[175] and desktop is at 19.56%, with Russia trailing with 17.8% mobile use (and desktop the rest).

Smartphones (discounting tablets), first gained majority in December 2016 (desktop-majority was lost the month before),[where?] and it wasn’t a Christmas-time fluke, as while close to majority after smartphone majority happened again in March 2017.[176][clarification needed]

In the week of 7–13 November 2016, smartphones alone (without tablets) overtook desktop for the first time, albeit for a short period.[177] Examples of mobile-majority countries include Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey and most of Asia and Africa. Some of the world is still desktop-majority, with for example the United States at 54.89% (but not on all days).[178] However, in some territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico,[179] desktop is significantly under majority, with Windows just under 25%, overtaken by Android.

On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile showed majority.[180] Since 27 October, the desktop hasn’t had a majority, including on weekdays. Smartphones alone have showed majority since 23 December to the end of the year, with the share topping at 58.22% on Christmas Day.[181] To the «mobile»-majority share of smartphones, tablets could be added giving a 63.22% majority. While an unusually high top, a similar high also occurred on Monday 17 April 2017, with the smartphone share slightly lower and tablet share slightly higher, combining to 62.88%.

Formerly, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[182] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month, but mobile wasn’t ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to it to exceed desktop share.

For the Christmas season (i.e. temporarily, while desktop-minority remains and smartphone-majority on weekends[183][184]), the last two weeks in December 2016, Australia (and Oceania in general)[185] was desktop-minority for the first time for an extended period, i.e. every day from 23 December.[186]

In South America, smartphones alone took majority from desktops on Christmas Day,[184] but for a full-week-average, desktop is still at least at 58%.[187]

The UK desktop-minority dropped down to 44.02% on Christmas Day and for the eight days to the end of the year.[188] Ireland joined some other European countries with smartphone-majority, for three days after Christmas, topping that day at 55.39%.[189][190]

In the US, desktop-minority happened for three days on and around Christmas (while a longer four-day stretch happened in November, and happens frequently on weekends).[191]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), in the week from 7–13 November 2016, «mobile» (meaning smartphones) alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the first time, with them highest ranked at 52.13% (on 27 November 2016)[192] or up to 49.02% for a full week.[193][194] Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey; and the continents Asia and Africa. Large regions of the rest of the world are still desktop-majority, while on some days, the United States,[195] (and North America as a whole)[196] isn’t; the US is desktop-minority up to four days in a row,[197] and up to a five-day average.[198] Other examples, of desktop-minority on some days, include the UK,[196] Ireland,[199] Australia[200] (and Oceania as a whole); in fact, at least one country on every continent[201][202][203] has turned desktop-minority (for at least a month). On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile has shown majority.[204]

Previously, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[205] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month,[206][207] with desktop-minority stretching up to an 18-weeks/4-months period from 28 June to 31 October 2016,[208][209] while whole of July, August or September 2016, showed desktop-majority (and many other long sub-periods in the long stretch showed desktop-minority; similarly only Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays are desktop-minority). The biggest continents, Asia and Africa, have shown vast mobile-majority for long time (any day of the week), as well as several individual countries elsewhere have also turned mobile-majority: Poland, Albania (and Turkey)[210] in Europe and Paraguay and Bolivia[211] in South America.[212]

According to StatCounter’s web use statistics, Saturday 28 May 2016, was the day when smartphones («mobile» at StatCounter, that now counts tablets separately) became a most used platform, ranking first, at 47.27%, above desktops.[213][214] The next day, desktops slightly outnumbered «mobile» (unless counting tablets: some analysts count tablets with smartphones or separately while others with desktops – even when most tablets are iPad or Android, not Windows devices).[215]

Since Sunday 27 March 2016, the first day the world dipped to desktop-minority,[216] it has happened almost every week, and by week of 11–17 July 2016, the world was desktop-minority,[217] followed by the next week, and thereon also for a three-week period.[218] The trend is still stronger on weekends, with e.g. 17 July 2016 showed desktop at 44.67%, «mobile» at 49.5% plus tablets at 5.7%.[219] Recent weekly data shows a downward trend for desktops.[220][221]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for overall use), on weekends desktops worldwide lose about 5 percent points, e.g. down to 51.46% on 15 August 2015, with the loss in (relative) web use going to mobile (and also a minuscule increase for tablets),[222] mostly because Windows 7, ranked 1st on workdays, declines in web use, with it shifting to Android and lesser degree to iOS.[223]

Two continents, have already crossed over to mobile-majority (because of Android), based on StatCounters web use statistics. In June 2015, Asia became the first continent where mobile overtook desktop[224] (followed by Africa in August;[225] while Nigeria had mobile majority in October 2011,[226][227] because of Symbian – that later had 51% share, then Series 40 dominating, followed by Android as dominating operating system[228]) and as far back as October 2014, they had reported this trend on a large scale in a press release: «Mobile usage has already overtaken desktop in several countries including India, South Africa and Saudi Arabia».[229] In India, desktop went from majority, in July 2012, down to 32%.[230] In Bangladesh desktop went from majority, in May 2013, down to 17%, with Android alone now accounting for majority web use.[231] Only a few African countries were still desktop-majority[232] and many have a large mobile majority including Ethiopia and Kenya, where mobile usage is over 72%.[233]

The popularity of mobile use worldwide has been driven by the huge popularity increase of Android in Asian countries, where Android is the highest ranked operating system statistically in virtually every south-east Asian country,[234] while it also ranks most popular in almost every African country. Poland has been desktop-minority since April 2015,[235] because of Android being vastly more popular there,[236] and other European countries, such as Albania (and Turkey), have also crossed over. The South America continent is somewhat far from losing desktop-majority, but Paraguay had lost it as of March 2015.[237] Android and mobile browsing in general has also become hugely popular in all other continents where desktop has a large desktop base and the trend to mobile is not as clear as a fraction of the total web use.

While some analysts count tablets with desktops (as some of them run Windows), others count them with mobile phones (as the vast majority of tablets run so-called mobile operating systems, such as Android or iOS on the iPad). iPad has a clear lead globally, but has clearly lost the majority to Android in South America,[238] and a number of Eastern European countries such as Poland; lost virtually all African countries and has lost the majority twice in Asia, but gained the majority back (while many individual countries, e.g. India and most of the middle East have clear Android majority on tablets).[239] Android on tablets is thus second most popular after the iPad.[240]

In March 2015, for the first time in the US the number of mobile-only adult internet users exceeded the number of desktop-only internet users with 11.6% of the digital population only using mobile compared to 10.6% only using desktop; this also means the majority, 78%, use both desktop and mobile to access the internet.[241] A few smaller countries in North America, such as Haiti (because of Android) have gone mobile majority (mobile went to up to 72.35%, and is at 64.43% in February 2016).[242]

Revenue[edit]

The region with the largest Android usage[61] also has the largest mobile revenue.[243]

Mobile app revenue (US$bn)

2020[244]
Asia Pacific $85.3B
North and South America $74.5B
Europe, Middle East, and Africa $29.1B

Public servers on the Internet[edit]

Internet based servers’ market share can be measured with statistical surveys of publicly accessible servers, such as web servers, mail servers[245] or DNS servers on the Internet: the operating systems powering such servers are found by inspecting raw response messages. This method gives insight only into market share of operating systems that are publicly accessible on the Internet.

There will be differences in the result depending on how the sample is done and observations weighted. Usually the surveys are not based on a random sample of all IP addresses, domain names, hosts or organisations, but on servers found by some other method.[citation needed] Additionally, many domains and IP addresses may be served by one host and some domains may be served by several hosts or by one host with several IP addresses.

Source Date Unix, Unix-like Microsoft Windows References
W3Techs 14 July 2022 80.1% 20.1% [246][247]
Security Space Feb 2014 <79.3% >20.7% [248][249]
Note
W3Techs checked the top ten million web servers daily from June 2013, but W3Techs’s definition of «website» differs a bit from Alexa’s definition; the «top 10 million» websites are actually fewer than 10 million. W3Techs claims that these differences «have no statistical significance».[250]
Note
Revenue comparisons often include «operating system software, other bundled software»[251] and are not appropriate for usage comparison as the Linux operating system costs nothing (including «other bundled software»), except if optionally using commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (in that case, cost of software for all software bundled with hardware has to be known for all operating systems involved, and subtracted). In cases where no-cost Linux is used, such comparisons underestimate Linux server popularity and overestimate other proprietary operating systems such as Unix and Windows.

Mainframes[edit]

Mainframes are larger and more powerful than servers, but not supercomputers. They are used to process large sets of data, for example enterprise resource planning or credit card transactions.

The most common operating system for mainframes is IBM’s z/OS.[citation needed] Operating systems for IBM Z generation hardware include IBM’s proprietary z/OS,[252] Linux on IBM Z, z/TPF, z/VSE and z/VM.

Gartner reported on 23 December 2008, that Linux on System z was used on approximately 28% of the «customer z base» and that they expected this to increase to over 50% in the following five years.[253] Of Linux on IBM Z, Red Hat and Micro Focus compete to sell RHEL and SLES respectively:

  • Prior to 2006, Novell claimed a market share of 85% or more for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
  • Red Hat has since claimed 18.4% in 2007 and 37% in 2008.[254]
  • Gartner reported at the end of 2008 that Novell’s SUSE Linux Enterprise Server had an 80% share of mainframe Linux.[253][dead link]

Decline[edit]

Like today’s trend of mobile devices from personal computers,[241] in 1984 for the first time estimated sales of desktop computers ($11.6 billion) exceeded mainframe computers ($11.4 billion). IBM received the vast majority of mainframe revenue.[255]

From 1991 to 1996, AT&T Corporation briefly owned NCR, one of the major original mainframe producers. During the same period, companies found that servers based on microcomputer designs could be deployed at a fraction of the acquisition price and offer local users much greater control over their own systems given the IT policies and practices at that time. Terminals used for interacting with mainframe systems were gradually replaced by personal computers. Consequently, demand plummeted and new mainframe installations were restricted mainly to financial services and government. In the early 1990s, there was a rough consensus among industry analysts that the mainframe was a dying market as mainframe platforms were increasingly replaced by personal computer networks.[256]

In 2012, NASA powered down its last mainframe, an IBM System z9.[257] However, IBM’s successor to the z9, the z10, led a New York Times reporter to state four years earlier that «mainframe technology—hardware, software and services—remains a large and lucrative business for IBM, and mainframes are still the back-office engines behind the world’s financial markets and much of global commerce».[258] As of 2010, while mainframe technology represented less than 3% of IBM’s revenues, it «continue[d] to play an outsized role in Big Blue’s results».[259]

Supercomputers[edit]

Sierra helps to assure the safety, reliability and effectiveness of the United States’ nuclear weapons.

The TOP500 project lists and ranks the 500 fastest supercomputers for which benchmark results are submitted. Since the early 1990s, the field of supercomputers has been dominated by Unix or Unix-like operating systems, and starting in 2017, every top 500 fastest supercomputer uses Linux as its supercomputer operating system.

The last supercomputer to rank #1 while using an operating system other than Linux was ASCI White, which ran AIX. It held the title from November 2000 to November 2001,[260] and was decommissioned in 2006. Then in June 2017, two AIX computers held rank 493 and 494,[261] the last non-Linux systems before they dropped off the list.

Supercomputer OS family – 1993–2021 systems share according to TOP500[262]

Historically all kinds of Unix operating systems dominated, and in the end ultimately Linux remains.

[edit]

Category Source Date Linux UNIX and Unix-like (not incl. Linux) Windows In‑house Other
Desktop, laptop Net Applications[263] Apr 2020 2.87% (excl. ChromeOS) plus 0.4% ChromeOS 9.75% (macOS) 86.92% (all versions) 0.06%
Embedded[e] EE Times[264] Mar 2019 38.42% (embedded Linux, Ubuntu, Android, other) 2.82% (QNX, LynxOS) 10.73% (Windows 10, Windows Embedded Compact) 10.73% 37.30%
Mainframe Gartner[254] Dec 2008 28% (SLES, RHEL) 72% (z/OS)[f]
Server (web) W3Techs[265] Sep 2021 Likely 77.4% (39.8% confirmed)[g] (Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, Gentoo, RHEL, …)[266] Less than 1% is confirmed to be UNIX or Unix-like and non-Linux. The top operating systems in order are: 0.3% BSD (97.8% of which is FreeBSD),[267] <0.1% Darwin,[268] <0.1% HP-UX,[269] <0.1% Solaris,[270] and <0.1% Minix.[271][g] 22.7% (Windows Server 2019, WS2016, WS2012, WS2008)
Microsoft’s own webserver runs 6.6% of websites.[272]
Smartphone, tablet StatCounter Global Stats[273] Apr 2020 70.80% (Android, KaiOS) 28.79% (iOS) 0.07% 0.34%
Supercomputer TOP500[274] Nov 2019 100% (Custom)

See also[edit]

  • Comparison of operating systems
  • List of operating systems
  • Timeline of operating systems
  • Usage share of web browsers
  • Mobile OS market share

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ «Shipments refer to sell-in», that is, wholesale.
  2. ^ The ‘Others’ column is obtained by summing all percentage data and subtracting from 100%.
  3. ^ Table is only showing mobile OS market share – not the overall market share.
  4. ^ Wikimedia Foundation statistics consider tablets as part of the mobile OS market share.
  5. ^ Embedded is a vast category, which has subcategories that include automotive, avionics, health, medical equipment, consumer electronics, intelligent homes, and telecommunications. The aggregated information above may be very different for each subcategory taken separately.
  6. ^ z/OS’s UNIX environment coexists with its native environment, which dates back to OS/360.
  7. ^ a b «UNIX and Unix-like (including Linux)» represents 77.4% of the total web server/website market share however 48.2% of that market share does not show «more specifically» which operating system.

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Источник

The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because data about operating system share is difficult to obtain. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its collection. Operating systems are used in numerous device types, from embedded devices without a screen through to supercomputers.

Most device types that people interact with access the web, so using web access statistics helps compare the usage share of operating systems across most device types, and also the usage share of operating systems used for the same types.

As of November 2022, Android, an operating system using the Linux kernel, is the world’s most-used operating system when judged by web use. It has 42% of the global market, followed by Windows with 30%, Apple iOS with 18%, macOS with 6%, then (desktop) Linux at 1.0% also using the Linux kernel.[1][2] These numbers do not include embedded devices or game consoles.

  • For smartphones and other pocket-sized devices, Android leads with 71% market share, and Apple’s iOS has 28%.[3]
  • For desktop and laptop computers, Windows is the most used at 76%, followed by Apple’s macOS at 16%, and Linux-based operating systems at 5% (i.e. «desktop Linux» at 2.6%, plus Google’s ChromeOS at 2.4%, in the US up to 6.2%).[4]
  • For tablets, Apple’s iPadOS has 50.7% and Android has 49.18% worldwide[5] (Android is though more used in vast majority of countries;[6] and on occational days Android measures ahead or even, globally[7]).

For the above devices, smartphones and other pocket-sized devices make up 58%, desktops and laptops 40%, and tablets 2.0%.[8] Smartphones have the most use in virtually all countries, including in the US at 51% there with PC operating systems (including Windows) down to 46%.[9][10]

  • Linux has completely dominated the supercomputer field since 2017, with all of the top 500 most powerful supercomputers in the world running a Linux distribution. Linux is also most used for (web) servers, and then most often Ubuntu used, the most common Linux distribution.

The most numerous type of device with an operating system are embedded systems. These use varied operating systems; a high percentage are standalone or do not have a web browser, which makes their usage share difficult to measure. Hypothetically some operating systems used in embedded systems are more popular than the ones mentioned above.

Worldwide device shipments[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)

In May 2020, Gartner predicted a decline in all market segments for 2020 (from already declining market in 2019) due to COVID-19, predicting a decline by 13.6% for all devices, while «Work from Home Trend Saved PC Market from Collapse», with them only predicting to decline by 10.5% for PCs. However, in the end according to Gartner, PC shipments grew «10.7% in Fourth Quarter of 2020 and […] reached 275 million units in 2020, a 4.8% increase from 2019 and the highest growth in ten years.» Apple in 4th place for PCs had the largest growth in shipments for a company in Q4 of 31.3%, while «the fourth quarter of 2020 was another remarkable period of growth for Chromebooks, with shipments increasing around 200% year over year to reach 11.7 million units. In 2020, Chromebook shipments increased over 80% to total nearly 30 million units, largely due to demand from the North American education market.»[12] Chromebooks sold more than Apple’s Macs worldwide.

According to Gartner, the following is the worldwide device shipments (referring to wholesale) by operating system, which includes smartphones, tablets, laptops and PCs together.

Worldwide device shipments by Operating System

Source Year Android iOS/macOS Windows Others
Gartner[13] 2019 (2.161 bln)
Gartner[14] 2017 (2.278 bln)
Gartner[15] 2016 (2.332 bln) 10.63% (248 mln) 11.2% (260 mln)
Gartner[11] 2015 (2.4 bln) 54.16% (1.3 bln) 12.37% (297 mln)

macOS = 1%

11.79% (283 mln) 21.66%
Gartner[16] 2014 48.61% 11.04% 14.0% 26.34%
Gartner[17] 2013 38.51% 10.12% 13.98% 37.41%
Gartner[18] 2012 22.8% 9.6% 15.62% 51.98%

Shipments (to stores) do not mean sales to consumers (not necessarily in the year of shipment), therefore suggesting the numbers indicate popularity and/or usage could be misleading. Not only do smartphones sell in higher numbers than traditional PCs – but also as a whole a lot more, by dollar value – with the gap only projected to widen, to well over double.[19]

For 2015 (and earlier), Gartner reports for «the year, worldwide PC shipments declined for the fourth consecutive year, which started in 2012 with the launch of tablets» with an 8% decline in PC sales for 2015 (not including cumulative decline in sales over the previous years).[20] Gartner includes Macs (running macOS) in PC sales numbers (but not e.g. iPads and Androids), and they individually had a slight increase in sales in 2015.

On 28 May 2015, Google announced that there were 1.4 billion Android users and 1 billion Google play users active during that month.[21][22] This changed to 2 billion monthly active users in May 2017.[23][24]

On 27 January 2016, Paul Thurrott summarized the operating system market, the day after Apple announced «one billion devices»:

Apple’s «active installed base» is now one billion devices. [..] Granted, some of those Apple devices were probably sold into the market place years ago. But that 1 billion figure can and should be compared to the numbers Microsoft touts for Windows 10 (200 million, most recently) or Windows more generally (1.5 billion active users, a number that hasn’t moved, magically, in years), and that Google touts for Android (over 1.4 billion, as of September).
My understanding of iOS is that the user base was previously thought to be around 800 million strong, and when you factor out Macs and other non-iOS Apple devices, that’s probably about right. But as you can see, there are three big personal computing platforms.

— Paul Thurrott[25]

Microsoft backed away from their goal of one billion Windows 10 devices in three years (or «by the middle of 2018»)[26] and reported on 26 September 2016 that Windows 10 was running on over 400 million devices,[27] and in March 2019 on more than 800 million.[28]

By late 2016, Android had been explained to be «killing» Apple’s iOS market share (i.e. its declining sales of smartphones, not just relatively but also by number of units, when the whole market is increasing) with

the gap between the two is growing ever larger all the time.

According to Gartner, Android now boasts a global market share of 86.2 percent. Apple’s iOS is a long way behind with a market share of just 12.9 percent. The rest may as well not even exist [..]

These figures, which cover the second quarter of 2016, show that Android has actually increased its market share by 4 percent over the last year. All other operating systems are down, with iOS losing 1.7 percent [..]

I think it’s fair to declare Android the winner in the mobile operating [system] wars at this point.

— makeuseof.com[29]

As of 9 May 2019, the biggest smartphone companies (by market share) were Samsung, Huawei and Apple, respectively.[30]

Gartner’s own press release said, «Apple continued its downward trend with a decline of 7.7 percent in the second quarter of 2016»,[31] which is their decline, based on absolute number of units, that underestimates the relative decline (with the market increasing), along with the misleading «1.7 percent [point]» decline. That point decline means an 11.6% relative decline (from 14.6% down to 12.9%).

Although in units sold Apple is declining, they are almost the only vendor making any profit in the smartphone sector from hardware sales alone. In Q3 2016 for example, they captured 103.6% of the market profits.[32]

There are more mobile phone owners than toothbrush owners,[33] with mobile phones the fastest growing technology in history.[citation needed] There are a billion more active mobile phones in the world than people (and many more than 10 billion sold so far with less than half still in use), explained by the fact that some people have more than one, such as an extra for work.[34] All the phones have an operating system, but only a fraction of them are smartphones with an OS capable of running modern applications. Currently 3.1 billion smartphones and tablets are in use across the world (with tablets, a small fraction of the total, generally running the same operating systems, Android or iOS, the latter being more popular on tablets. In 2019, a variant of iOS called iPadOS built for iPad tablets was released).

Tablet computers shipments[edit]

In 2015, eMarketer estimated at the beginning of the year that the tablet installed base would hit one billion[35] for the first time (with China’s use at 328 million, which Google Play doesn’t serve or track, and the United States’s use second at 156 million). At the end of the year, because of cheap tablets – not counted by all analysts – that goal was met (even excluding cumulative sales of previous years) as:

Sales quintupled to an expected 1 billion units worldwide this year, from 216 million units in 2014, according to projections from the Envisioneering Group.

While that number is far higher than the 200-plus million units globally projected by research firms IDC, Gartner and Forrester, Envisioneering analyst Richard Doherty says the rival estimates miss all the cheap Asian knockoff tablets that have been churning off assembly lines.[..]

Forrester says its definition of tablets «is relatively narrow» while IDC says it includes some tablets by Amazon — but not all.[..]

The top tech purchase of the year continued to be the smartphone, with an expected 1.5 billion sold worldwide, according to projections from researcher IDC. Last year saw some 1.2 billion sold.[..]

Computers didn’t fare as well, despite the introduction of Microsoft’s latest software upgrade, Windows 10, and the expected but not realized bump it would provide for consumers looking to skip the upgrade and just get a new computer instead.

Some 281 million PCs were expected to be sold, according to IDC, down from 308 million in 2014. Folks tend to be happy with the older computers and keep them for longer, as more of our daily computing activities have moved to the smartphone.[..]

While Windows 10 got good reviews from tech critics, only 11% of the 1-billion-plus Windows user base opted to do the upgrade, according to Microsoft. This suggests Microsoft has a ways to go before the software gets «hit» status. Apple’s new operating system El Capitan has been downloaded by 25% of Apple’s user base, according to Apple.

This conflicts with statistics from IDC that say the tablet market contracted by 10% in 2015 with only Huawei, ranked fifth, with big gains, more than doubling their share; for fourth quarter 2015, the five biggest vendors were the same except that Amazon Fire tablets ranked third worldwide, new on the list, enabled by its not quite tripling of market share to 7.9%, with its Fire OS Android-derivative.[37]

Global tablet shipments[a]

Source Year Android iOS Windows Others
Strategy Analytics[38] Q2 2022 49% 38% 11% 2%
Statista[39] 2020 59.4% 29.8% 10.21% 0.59%
Strategy Analytics[40] 2015 68% 22% 10% <0.1%
Gartner[41] 2013 61.9% 36.0% 2.1% <0.1%
Gartner[41] 2012 45.8% 52.8% 1.0% 0.3%

Gartner excludes some devices from their tablet shipment statistic and includes them in a different category called «premium ultramobiles» with screen sizes of more than 10″ inches.[42]

Smartphone shipments[edit]

Worldwide smartphone sales to end users by operating systems, as measured by Gartner, International Data Corporation (IDG) and others:

Smartphone shipments by OS

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
Statista[43] based on page views per month worldwide 2022 Q4 71.1% 28.3% N/A N/A N/A 0.6%
Gartner[44] Units sold in quarter 2018 Q1 85.9% 14.1% N/A N/A N/A 0.0%
Gartner[45] Units sold per year 2017 85.9% 14.0% N/A N/A N/A 0.1%
Gartner[46] Units sold in quarter 2017 Q1 86.1% 13.7% N/A N/A N/A 0.2%
Gartner[47] Units sold per year 2016 84.8% 14.4% N/A N/A N/A 0.8%
Gartner[48] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q4 81.7% 17.9% 0.3% 0.0% N/A 0.1%
Gartner[49] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q3 87.8% 11.5% 0.4% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[50] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q2 86.2% 12.9% 0.6% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[51] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q1 84.1% 14.8% 0.7% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[52] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q4 80.7% 17.7% 1.1% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[53] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q2 82.2% 14.6% 2.5% 0.3% N/A 0.4%
Gartner[54] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q4 76.0% 20.4% 2.8% 0.5% N/A 0.4%
Strategy Analytics[55] Units shipped in quarter 2014 Q3 81.3% 13.4% 4.1% 1.0% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[56] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q2 83.8% 12.2% 2.8% 0.7% N/A 0.5%
Gartner[57] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q2 79.0% 14.2% 3.3% 2.7% 0.3% 0.6%
Gartner[58] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q1 74.4% 18.2% 2.9% 3.0% 0.6% 1.0%
International Data Corporation[59] Units shipped in quarter 2013 Q1 75.0% 17.3% 3.2% 2.9% 0.6% 0.0%

World Wide Smartphone Sales.png

Web clients[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)
Web clients’ OS family statistics
Android (or based on) 42.67%
Windows 29.56%
Apple’s iOS 17.38%
Apple’s macOS 6.07%
Unknown 2.04%
Other 1.25%
Linux 0.98%
Web clients’ OS family market share according to StatCounter for April 2022.[60]
The information on web clients is obtained from user agent information obtained through JavaScript code run by web browsers supplied to web servers. «Unknown» is probably mostly Windows operating systems.[citation needed] These figures have a large margin of error for a variety of reasons. For a discussion on the shortcomings see usage share of web browsers.

The most recent data from various sources published during the last twelve months is summarized in the table below. All of these sources monitor a substantial number of web sites; statistics related to one web site only are excluded.

Android currently ranks highest,[61] above Windows (incl. Xbox console) systems. Windows Phone accounted for 0.51% of the web usage, before it was discontinued.[62]

Considering all personal computing devices, Microsoft Windows is well below 50% usage share on every continent, and at 30% in the US (24% single-day low) and in many countries lower, e.g. China, and in India at 19% (12% some days) and Windows’ lowest share globally was 29% in May 2022 (25% some days), and 29% in the US.[63]

iOS is slightly more popular than Windows in the US, and has been more used the last 6 months, on a monthly average basis,[64] or for up to 11 weeks in a row (weekly average).[65] That’s because it’s much more popular on the weekends, while Windows usually more used on weekdays. iOS has however been more used for up to almost 2 weeks, every day of that time-span, and even on some days, such as 29 May 2022, Android is also more used than Windows meaning iOS and Android are up to 2.6× more used than Windows there.[66] Worldwide, Android at 43.23% is 48% more used than Windows, next at 29.2%, and iOS third at 17.67% meaning the mobile operating systems Android and iOS are combined a bit over 2× more popular then Windows. In Africa, Android at 62.66% (for May alone is 3.3× (almost 4× with iOS) than Windows at 18.81 (and iOS third at 10.74%).[67] For a 12-month average Android is only 2.1× more popular than Windows in Africa.

Before iOS became the most popular operating system in any independent country, it was most popular in Guam, an unincorporated territory of the United States, for four consecutive quarters in 2017-18,[68][69] although Android is now the most popular there.[70] iOS has been the highest ranked OS in Jersey (a British Crown dependency in Europe) for years, by a wide margin, and iOS was also highest ranked in Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory, for one quarter in 2019, before being overtaken by Android in the following quarter.[71][72] iOS is competitive with Windows in Sweden, where some days it is more used.[73]

The designation of an «Unknown» operating system is strangely high in a few countries such as Madagascar where it was at 32.44% (no longer near as high).[74] This may be due to the fact that StatCounter uses browser detection to get OS statistics, and there the most common browsers are not often used. The version breakdown for browsers in Madagascar shows «Other» at 34.9%,[75] and Opera Mini 4.4 is the most popular known browser at 22.1% (plus e.g. 3.34% for Opera 7.6). However browser statistics without version-breakdown has Opera at 48.11% with the «Other» category very small.[76][clarification needed]

In China, Android got to be the highest ranked operating system in July 2016 (Windows has occasionally topped it since then, while since April 2016 it or all non-mobile operating systems haven’t outranked mobile operating systems, meaning Android plus iOS).[77] In the Asian continent as a whole, Android has been ranked highest since February 2016 and Android alone has the majority share,[78] because of a large majority in all the most populous countries of the continent, up to 84% in Bangladesh, where it has had over 70% share for over four years.[79] Since August 2015, Android is ranked first, at 48.36% in May 2016, in the African continent – when it took a big jump ahead of Windows 7,[80] and thereby Africa joined Asia as a mobile-majority continent. China is no longer a desktop-majority country,[81] joining India, which has a mobile-majority of 71%, confirming Asia’s significant mobile-majority.

Online usage of Linux kernel derivatives (Android + ChromeOS + other Linux) exceeds that of Windows. This has been true since some time between January and April 2016, according to W3Counter[82] and StatCounter.[83]
However, even before that, the figure for all Unix-like OSes, including those from Apple, was higher than that for Windows.

Source Date Microsoft Windows (kernel): Decrease Apple Darwin:
Increase 		Linux kernel: Increase Others:[b]
10 8/8.1 7 Vista XP WP&RT Other macOS iOS Linux Android Other
W3Counter[84] Oct 2022 Decrease 19.23% N/A Decrease 3.4% N/A N/A N/A N/A Decrease 4.03% Increase 19.23% N/A Increase 45.18% N/A N/A
W3Counter[85] Oct

2020

Increase

20.55%

N/A -1.59

6.74%

N/A N/A N/A N/A Increase

8.06%

Increase

13.67%

N/A Decrease

37.44%

N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2019 Increase16.23% N/A Increase14.32% N/A N/A N/A N/A Increase3.58% Increase13.54 N/A Decrease38.76% N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2018 -2.3311.14 N/A -1.5912.29% N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.702.80% -1.0810.68% N/A +8.8053.21% N/A N/A
W3Counter[87] Dec 2016 -1.4313.79 -0.644.54% -0.3118.45% N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.444.45% -0.0812.60% +0.663.8% +6.5634.37% N/A -1.078%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Mar 2017 -0.0612.98% -0.174.57% -0.3617.84% -0.030.41% -0.062.07% 0% 00.06% -0.65.17% +0.1013.09% -0.020.75% +0.5137.93% 00.76% +0.457.21%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Dec 2016 -0.1512.5% -0.254.79% -0.7618% -0.060.46% -0.072.24% -0.020.64% 00.09% -0.34.92% +0.4312.71% 00.86% +1.5237.8% +0.010.72% -0.374.61%
StatCounter Global Stats[89] Oct 2016 -0.1812.08% -0.225.21% -0.8218.97% -0.020.6% -0.32.44% -0.160.7% +0.010.05% -0.235.3% +0.1712.04% -0.090.85% +1.6234.46% -0.010.63% -0.266.67%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] May 2016 0.6910.27% -0.646.68% -1.5822.25% -0.060.73% -0.553.44% +0.020.83% -0.020.8% -0.045.05% +0.2611.38% -0.080.91% +1.731.6% 0.20.64% 0.316.15%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] Dec 2015 0.846.67% -0.618.5% -1.3526.66% -0.911.0% -0.114.75% +0.030.92% +0.010.2% +0.185.51% +0.1210.82% +0.051.03% +0.6727.01% 00.36% 6.57%
Wikimedia[91] Dec 2016 14.0% 4.65% 18.0% 0.43% 1.70% 0.93% 0.50% 5.4% 19.0% 0.80% 23.0% 0.30% 11.29%

Desktop and laptop computers[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (October 2018)

Windows is still the dominant desktop OS, but the dominance varies by region and it has gradually lost market share to other desktop operating systems (not just to mobile) with the slide very noticeable in the US, where macOS usage has more than quadrupled from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2020 to 30.62% (i.e. in Christmas month; and 34.72% in April 2020 in the middle of COVID-19, and iOS was more popular overall that year;[93] globally Windows lost to Android that year,[94] as for the two years prior), with Windows down to 61.136% and ChromeOS at 5.46%, plus traditional Linux at 1.73%.[95]

There is little openly published information on the device shipments of desktop and laptop computers. Gartner publishes estimates, but the way the estimates are calculated is not openly published. Another source of market share of various operating systems is StatCounter[96] basing its estimate on web use (although this may not be very accurate). Also, sales may overstate usage. Most computers are sold with a pre-installed operating system, with some users replacing that OS with a different one due to personal preference, or installing another OS alongside it and using both. Conversely, sales underestimate usage by not counting unauthorized copies. For example, in 2009, approximately 80% of software sold in China consisted of illegitimate copies.[97] In 2007, the statistics from an automated update of IE7 for registered Windows computers differed with the observed web browser share, leading one writer to estimate that 25–35% of all Windows XP installations were unlicensed.[98]

The usage share of Microsoft’s (then latest operating system) Windows 10 has slowly increased since July/August 2016, reaching around 27.15% (of all Windows versions, not all desktop or all operating systems) in December 2016. It eventually reached 79.79% on 5 October 2021, the same day on which its successor Windows 11 was released.

Web analysis shows significant variation in different parts of the world. For example, macOS use varies a lot by region, in North America claims 16.82%[99] (17.52%[100] in the US) whereas in Asia it is only 4.4%.[101] In the United States usage of Windows XP has dropped to 0.38% (of all Windows versions), and its global average to 0.59%, while in Africa it is still at 2.71%, and it still has double-digit share in at least one country.[102]

Since mid-2020, the world uses smartphones more than desktop (including laptop) computers.[103][104][105] For global statistics it’s every day of the week. It has also happened for all individual continents (at least for some weeks, and also for the United States[106][107][108][109] where the smartphone share has gone up to 54%, both on July 9, 2019, a Sunday,[110] and also that high in 2021). The proportions do vary widely by region (more so than by the day), e.g. in Africa the smartphone share is highest at 69%, in Asia at 65% and in South America at 50.19%, while in the United States it’s at 46% and desktop at 50%. On some continents, e.g. North America and the US, smartphone use may only go over 50% on weekends, since smartphones usage increases on weekends,[111][112][113][114] while the smartphone share has gone up to 54% for a single day (Thanksgiving), and on average over 50% for full week.[115][116]

  Smartphones (58.01%)

  Desktops/Laptops (39.49%)

  Tablets (2.46%)

  Console (0.06%)

The 2019 Stack Overflow developer survey provides no detail about particular versions of Windows. The desktop operating system share among those identifying as professional developers was:[117]

  • Windows: 45.3%
  • macOS: 29.2%
  • Linux: 25.3%
  • BSD/Unix: 0.1%

Microsoft data on Windows usage[edit]

In June 2016, Microsoft claimed Windows 10 had half the market share of all Windows installations in the US and UK, as quoted by BetaNews:

Microsoft’s Windows trends page [shows] Windows 10 hit 50 percent in the US (51 percent in the UK, 39 percent globally), while … Windows 7 was on 38 percent (36 percent in the UK, 46 percent globally).
A big reason for the difference in numbers comes down to how they are recorded. … actual OS usage (based on web browsing), while Microsoft records the number of devices Windows 10 is installed on. … Microsoft also only records Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10, while NetMarketShare includes both XP and Vista.

— BetaNews[118]

Desktop computer games[edit]

The digital video game distribution platform Steam publishes a monthly «Hardware & Software Survey», with the statistics below:

Month Microsoft Windows Mac OS† Linux† Other
December 2022[119] 96.15% 2.48% 1.38%
December 2021 96.19% 2.70% 1.11%
December 2020[119] 96.41% 2.82% 0.78%
December 2019[120] 96.89% 2.47% 0.67%
January 2019[121] 95.92% 3.27% 0.82%
January 2018[122] 98.38% 1.31% 0.25%
January 2017[123] 95.79% 3.31% 0.80%
January 2016[124] 95.39% 3.55% 0.95%
January 2015[125] 95.48% 3.32% 1.09%
January 2014[126] 94.93% 3.47% 0.86% 0.74%

^† These figures, as reported by Steam, do not include SteamOS statistics.[127]

Mobile devices[edit]

Smartphones OS by usage[edit]

By Q1 2018, mobile operating systems on smartphones included Google’s dominant Android (and variants) and Apple’s iOS which combined had an almost 100% market share.[128]

Smartphone penetration vs. desktop use differs substantially by country. Some countries, like Russia, still have smartphone use as low as 22.35% (as a fraction of all web use),[129] but in most western countries, smartphone use is close to 50% of all web use. This doesn’t mean that only half of the population has a smartphone, could mean almost all have, just that other platforms have about equal use. Smartphone usage share in developing countries is much higher – in Bangladesh, for example, Android smartphones had up to 84% and currently 70% share,[79] and in Mali smartphones had over 90% (up to 95%) share for almost two years.[130][131] (A section below has more information on regional trends on the move to smartphones.)

There is a clear correlation between the GDP per capita of a country and that country’s respective smartphone OS market share, with users in the richest countries being much more likely to choose Apple’s iPhone, with Google’s Android being predominant elsewhere.[132][133][134]

Global mobile OS web usage[c]

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
StatCounter Global Stats[135] Browsing (page view) 2021, Oct 71.09% 28.21% 0.01% N/A N/A 0.69%
StatCounter Global Stats[136] Browsing (page view) 2020, Oct 72.93% 26.53% 0.03% N/A N/A 0.51%
StatCounter Global Stats Browsing (page view) 2019, Sep 76.24% 22.48% 0.17% 0.02% 0.02% 1.07%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2015, Mar 61.94% 22.64% 2.27% NA 6.00% 7.09%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2014, Aug 54.87% 23.57% 2.36% 1.59% 9.73% 7.87%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2014, Feb 47.57% 22.97% 2.22% 2.62% 14.86% 6.08%
Wikimedia (includes tablets)[d] Browsing (page view) 2013, Mar 25.93% 66.53% 1.85% 2.02% 3.03% 1.12%
United States mobile OS web usage

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
comScore[138] (US only) US subscribers 2017, Jan 52.0% 43.9% 1.5% 0.5% N/A N/A
comScore[139] (US only) US subscribers 2016, Jan 52.8% 43.6% 2.7% 0.8% N/A N/A
comScore[140] (US only) US subscribers 2015, Jan 53.2% 41.3% 3.6% 1.8% 0.1% N/A
comScore[141] (US only) US subscribers 2014, Jan 51.7% 41.6% 3.2% 3.1% 0.2% N/A
comScore[142] (US only) US subscribers 2012, Feb 50.1% 30.2% 3.9% 13.4% 1.5% N/A
comScore[143] (US only) US subscribers 2010, Dec 28.7% 25.0% 8.4% 31.6% N/A 3.7%

Tablet computers OS by usage[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till mid-2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

Tablet computers, or simply tablets, became a significant OS market share category starting with Apple’s iPad. In Q1 2018, iOS had 65.03% market share and Android had 34.58% market share.[144] Windows tablets may not get classified as such by some analysts, and thus barely register; e.g. 2-in-1 PCs may get classified as «desktops», not tablets.

Since 2016, in South America (and Cuba[145] in North America), Android tablets have gained majority,[146] and in Asia in 2017 Android was slightly more popular than the iPad, which was at 49.05% usage share in October 2015.[147][148][149] In Africa, Android tablets are much more popular while elsewhere the iPad has a safe margin.

As of March 2015, Android has made steady gains to becoming the most popular tablet operating system:[150] that is the trend in many countries, having already gained the majority in large countries (India at 63.25%,[151] and in Indonesia at 62.22%[152]) and in the African continent with Android at 62.22% (first to gain Android majority in late 2014),[153] with steady gains from 20.98% in August 2012[154] (Egypt at 62.37%,[155] Zimbabwe at 62.04%[155]), and South America at 51.09% in July 2015.[156] (Peru at 52.96%[157]). Asia is at 46%.[158] In Nepal, Android gained majority lead in November 2014 but lost it down to 41.35% with iOS at 56.51%.[159] In Taiwan, as of October 2016, Android after having gained a confident majority, has been on a losing streak.[160] China is a major exception to Android gaining market share in Asia (there Android phablets are much more popular than Android tablets, while similar devices get classified as smartphones) where the iPad/iOS is at 82.84% in March 2015.[161]

Global tablet web usage

Source Month iOS Android Windows Others
StatCounter[162] Oct 2020 58.86% 41.02% 0.08% 0.04%
StatCounter[163] Dec 2019 63.11% 36.65% 0.15% 0.09%
StatCounter[164] Jul 2018 65.03% 34.58% 0.21% 0.18%
StatCounter[165] Jul 2015 65.51% 31.36% 0.78% 2.93%
StatCounter[166] Feb 2015 66.47% 29.6% 1.16% 2.73%
StatCounter[167] Oct 2014 71.67% 25.62% 0.08% 2.63%

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones are more popular than desktop computers globally (and Android in particular more popular than Windows). Including tablets with mobiles/smartphones, as they also run so-called mobile operating systems, even in the United States (and most countries) are mobiles including tablets more popular than other (older originally made for desktops) operating systems (such as Windows and macOS). Windows in the US (at 33.42%) has only 8% head-start (2.55-percentage points) over iOS only; with Android, that mobile operating system and iOS have 52.14% majority.[168] Alternatively, Apple, with iOS plus their non-mobile macOS (9.33%) has 20% more share (6.7-percentage points more) than Microsoft’s Windows in the country where both companies were built.

Although desktop computers are still popular in many countries (while overall down to 44.9% in the first quarter of 2017[169]), smartphones are more popular even in many developed countries. A few countries on all continents are desktop-minority with Android more popular than Windows; many, e.g. Poland in Europe, and about half of the countries in South America, and many in North America, e.g. Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti; up to most countries in Asia and Africa[170] with smartphone-majority because of Android, Poland and Turkey in Europe highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%.[171][172] Spain was also slightly desktop-minority. As of July 2019, Sweden had been desktop-minority for eight weeks in a row.[173]

The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes «India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet»[174] (of the big countries) where the share is around (or over) 80%[175] and desktop is at 19.56%, with Russia trailing with 17.8% mobile use (and desktop the rest).

Smartphones (discounting tablets), first gained majority in December 2016 (desktop-majority was lost the month before),[where?] and it wasn’t a Christmas-time fluke, as while close to majority after smartphone majority happened again in March 2017.[176][clarification needed]

In the week of 7–13 November 2016, smartphones alone (without tablets) overtook desktop for the first time, albeit for a short period.[177] Examples of mobile-majority countries include Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey and most of Asia and Africa. Some of the world is still desktop-majority, with for example the United States at 54.89% (but not on all days).[178] However, in some territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico,[179] desktop is significantly under majority, with Windows just under 25%, overtaken by Android.

On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile showed majority.[180] Since 27 October, the desktop hasn’t had a majority, including on weekdays. Smartphones alone have showed majority since 23 December to the end of the year, with the share topping at 58.22% on Christmas Day.[181] To the «mobile»-majority share of smartphones, tablets could be added giving a 63.22% majority. While an unusually high top, a similar high also occurred on Monday 17 April 2017, with the smartphone share slightly lower and tablet share slightly higher, combining to 62.88%.

Formerly, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[182] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month, but mobile wasn’t ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to it to exceed desktop share.

For the Christmas season (i.e. temporarily, while desktop-minority remains and smartphone-majority on weekends[183][184]), the last two weeks in December 2016, Australia (and Oceania in general)[185] was desktop-minority for the first time for an extended period, i.e. every day from 23 December.[186]

In South America, smartphones alone took majority from desktops on Christmas Day,[184] but for a full-week-average, desktop is still at least at 58%.[187]

The UK desktop-minority dropped down to 44.02% on Christmas Day and for the eight days to the end of the year.[188] Ireland joined some other European countries with smartphone-majority, for three days after Christmas, topping that day at 55.39%.[189][190]

In the US, desktop-minority happened for three days on and around Christmas (while a longer four-day stretch happened in November, and happens frequently on weekends).[191]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), in the week from 7–13 November 2016, «mobile» (meaning smartphones) alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the first time, with them highest ranked at 52.13% (on 27 November 2016)[192] or up to 49.02% for a full week.[193][194] Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey; and the continents Asia and Africa. Large regions of the rest of the world are still desktop-majority, while on some days, the United States,[195] (and North America as a whole)[196] isn’t; the US is desktop-minority up to four days in a row,[197] and up to a five-day average.[198] Other examples, of desktop-minority on some days, include the UK,[196] Ireland,[199] Australia[200] (and Oceania as a whole); in fact, at least one country on every continent[201][202][203] has turned desktop-minority (for at least a month). On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile has shown majority.[204]

Previously, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[205] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month,[206][207] with desktop-minority stretching up to an 18-weeks/4-months period from 28 June to 31 October 2016,[208][209] while whole of July, August or September 2016, showed desktop-majority (and many other long sub-periods in the long stretch showed desktop-minority; similarly only Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays are desktop-minority). The biggest continents, Asia and Africa, have shown vast mobile-majority for long time (any day of the week), as well as several individual countries elsewhere have also turned mobile-majority: Poland, Albania (and Turkey)[210] in Europe and Paraguay and Bolivia[211] in South America.[212]

According to StatCounter’s web use statistics, Saturday 28 May 2016, was the day when smartphones («mobile» at StatCounter, that now counts tablets separately) became a most used platform, ranking first, at 47.27%, above desktops.[213][214] The next day, desktops slightly outnumbered «mobile» (unless counting tablets: some analysts count tablets with smartphones or separately while others with desktops – even when most tablets are iPad or Android, not Windows devices).[215]

Since Sunday 27 March 2016, the first day the world dipped to desktop-minority,[216] it has happened almost every week, and by week of 11–17 July 2016, the world was desktop-minority,[217] followed by the next week, and thereon also for a three-week period.[218] The trend is still stronger on weekends, with e.g. 17 July 2016 showed desktop at 44.67%, «mobile» at 49.5% plus tablets at 5.7%.[219] Recent weekly data shows a downward trend for desktops.[220][221]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for overall use), on weekends desktops worldwide lose about 5 percent points, e.g. down to 51.46% on 15 August 2015, with the loss in (relative) web use going to mobile (and also a minuscule increase for tablets),[222] mostly because Windows 7, ranked 1st on workdays, declines in web use, with it shifting to Android and lesser degree to iOS.[223]

Two continents, have already crossed over to mobile-majority (because of Android), based on StatCounters web use statistics. In June 2015, Asia became the first continent where mobile overtook desktop[224] (followed by Africa in August;[225] while Nigeria had mobile majority in October 2011,[226][227] because of Symbian – that later had 51% share, then Series 40 dominating, followed by Android as dominating operating system[228]) and as far back as October 2014, they had reported this trend on a large scale in a press release: «Mobile usage has already overtaken desktop in several countries including India, South Africa and Saudi Arabia».[229] In India, desktop went from majority, in July 2012, down to 32%.[230] In Bangladesh desktop went from majority, in May 2013, down to 17%, with Android alone now accounting for majority web use.[231] Only a few African countries were still desktop-majority[232] and many have a large mobile majority including Ethiopia and Kenya, where mobile usage is over 72%.[233]

The popularity of mobile use worldwide has been driven by the huge popularity increase of Android in Asian countries, where Android is the highest ranked operating system statistically in virtually every south-east Asian country,[234] while it also ranks most popular in almost every African country. Poland has been desktop-minority since April 2015,[235] because of Android being vastly more popular there,[236] and other European countries, such as Albania (and Turkey), have also crossed over. The South America continent is somewhat far from losing desktop-majority, but Paraguay had lost it as of March 2015.[237] Android and mobile browsing in general has also become hugely popular in all other continents where desktop has a large desktop base and the trend to mobile is not as clear as a fraction of the total web use.

While some analysts count tablets with desktops (as some of them run Windows), others count them with mobile phones (as the vast majority of tablets run so-called mobile operating systems, such as Android or iOS on the iPad). iPad has a clear lead globally, but has clearly lost the majority to Android in South America,[238] and a number of Eastern European countries such as Poland; lost virtually all African countries and has lost the majority twice in Asia, but gained the majority back (while many individual countries, e.g. India and most of the middle East have clear Android majority on tablets).[239] Android on tablets is thus second most popular after the iPad.[240]

In March 2015, for the first time in the US the number of mobile-only adult internet users exceeded the number of desktop-only internet users with 11.6% of the digital population only using mobile compared to 10.6% only using desktop; this also means the majority, 78%, use both desktop and mobile to access the internet.[241] A few smaller countries in North America, such as Haiti (because of Android) have gone mobile majority (mobile went to up to 72.35%, and is at 64.43% in February 2016).[242]

Revenue[edit]

The region with the largest Android usage[61] also has the largest mobile revenue.[243]

Mobile app revenue (US$bn)

2020[244]
Asia Pacific $85.3B
North and South America $74.5B
Europe, Middle East, and Africa $29.1B

Public servers on the Internet[edit]

Internet based servers’ market share can be measured with statistical surveys of publicly accessible servers, such as web servers, mail servers[245] or DNS servers on the Internet: the operating systems powering such servers are found by inspecting raw response messages. This method gives insight only into market share of operating systems that are publicly accessible on the Internet.

There will be differences in the result depending on how the sample is done and observations weighted. Usually the surveys are not based on a random sample of all IP addresses, domain names, hosts or organisations, but on servers found by some other method.[citation needed] Additionally, many domains and IP addresses may be served by one host and some domains may be served by several hosts or by one host with several IP addresses.

Source Date Unix, Unix-like Microsoft Windows References
W3Techs 14 July 2022 80.1% 20.1% [246][247]
Security Space Feb 2014 <79.3% >20.7% [248][249]
Note
W3Techs checked the top ten million web servers daily from June 2013, but W3Techs’s definition of «website» differs a bit from Alexa’s definition; the «top 10 million» websites are actually fewer than 10 million. W3Techs claims that these differences «have no statistical significance».[250]
Note
Revenue comparisons often include «operating system software, other bundled software»[251] and are not appropriate for usage comparison as the Linux operating system costs nothing (including «other bundled software»), except if optionally using commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (in that case, cost of software for all software bundled with hardware has to be known for all operating systems involved, and subtracted). In cases where no-cost Linux is used, such comparisons underestimate Linux server popularity and overestimate other proprietary operating systems such as Unix and Windows.

Mainframes[edit]

Mainframes are larger and more powerful than servers, but not supercomputers. They are used to process large sets of data, for example enterprise resource planning or credit card transactions.

The most common operating system for mainframes is IBM’s z/OS.[citation needed] Operating systems for IBM Z generation hardware include IBM’s proprietary z/OS,[252] Linux on IBM Z, z/TPF, z/VSE and z/VM.

Gartner reported on 23 December 2008, that Linux on System z was used on approximately 28% of the «customer z base» and that they expected this to increase to over 50% in the following five years.[253] Of Linux on IBM Z, Red Hat and Micro Focus compete to sell RHEL and SLES respectively:

  • Prior to 2006, Novell claimed a market share of 85% or more for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
  • Red Hat has since claimed 18.4% in 2007 and 37% in 2008.[254]
  • Gartner reported at the end of 2008 that Novell’s SUSE Linux Enterprise Server had an 80% share of mainframe Linux.[253][dead link]

Decline[edit]

Like today’s trend of mobile devices from personal computers,[241] in 1984 for the first time estimated sales of desktop computers ($11.6 billion) exceeded mainframe computers ($11.4 billion). IBM received the vast majority of mainframe revenue.[255]

From 1991 to 1996, AT&T Corporation briefly owned NCR, one of the major original mainframe producers. During the same period, companies found that servers based on microcomputer designs could be deployed at a fraction of the acquisition price and offer local users much greater control over their own systems given the IT policies and practices at that time. Terminals used for interacting with mainframe systems were gradually replaced by personal computers. Consequently, demand plummeted and new mainframe installations were restricted mainly to financial services and government. In the early 1990s, there was a rough consensus among industry analysts that the mainframe was a dying market as mainframe platforms were increasingly replaced by personal computer networks.[256]

In 2012, NASA powered down its last mainframe, an IBM System z9.[257] However, IBM’s successor to the z9, the z10, led a New York Times reporter to state four years earlier that «mainframe technology—hardware, software and services—remains a large and lucrative business for IBM, and mainframes are still the back-office engines behind the world’s financial markets and much of global commerce».[258] As of 2010, while mainframe technology represented less than 3% of IBM’s revenues, it «continue[d] to play an outsized role in Big Blue’s results».[259]

Supercomputers[edit]

Sierra helps to assure the safety, reliability and effectiveness of the United States’ nuclear weapons.

The TOP500 project lists and ranks the 500 fastest supercomputers for which benchmark results are submitted. Since the early 1990s, the field of supercomputers has been dominated by Unix or Unix-like operating systems, and starting in 2017, every top 500 fastest supercomputer uses Linux as its supercomputer operating system.

The last supercomputer to rank #1 while using an operating system other than Linux was ASCI White, which ran AIX. It held the title from November 2000 to November 2001,[260] and was decommissioned in 2006. Then in June 2017, two AIX computers held rank 493 and 494,[261] the last non-Linux systems before they dropped off the list.

Supercomputer OS family – 1993–2021 systems share according to TOP500[262]

Historically all kinds of Unix operating systems dominated, and in the end ultimately Linux remains.

[edit]

Category Source Date Linux UNIX and Unix-like (not incl. Linux) Windows In‑house Other
Desktop, laptop Net Applications[263] Apr 2020 2.87% (excl. ChromeOS) plus 0.4% ChromeOS 9.75% (macOS) 86.92% (all versions) 0.06%
Embedded[e] EE Times[264] Mar 2019 38.42% (embedded Linux, Ubuntu, Android, other) 2.82% (QNX, LynxOS) 10.73% (Windows 10, Windows Embedded Compact) 10.73% 37.30%
Mainframe Gartner[254] Dec 2008 28% (SLES, RHEL) 72% (z/OS)[f]
Server (web) W3Techs[265] Sep 2021 Likely 77.4% (39.8% confirmed)[g] (Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, Gentoo, RHEL, …)[266] Less than 1% is confirmed to be UNIX or Unix-like and non-Linux. The top operating systems in order are: 0.3% BSD (97.8% of which is FreeBSD),[267] <0.1% Darwin,[268] <0.1% HP-UX,[269] <0.1% Solaris,[270] and <0.1% Minix.[271][g] 22.7% (Windows Server 2019, WS2016, WS2012, WS2008)
Microsoft’s own webserver runs 6.6% of websites.[272]
Smartphone, tablet StatCounter Global Stats[273] Apr 2020 70.80% (Android, KaiOS) 28.79% (iOS) 0.07% 0.34%
Supercomputer TOP500[274] Nov 2019 100% (Custom)

See also[edit]

  • Comparison of operating systems
  • List of operating systems
  • Timeline of operating systems
  • Usage share of web browsers
  • Mobile OS market share

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ «Shipments refer to sell-in», that is, wholesale.
  2. ^ The ‘Others’ column is obtained by summing all percentage data and subtracting from 100%.
  3. ^ Table is only showing mobile OS market share – not the overall market share.
  4. ^ Wikimedia Foundation statistics consider tablets as part of the mobile OS market share.
  5. ^ Embedded is a vast category, which has subcategories that include automotive, avionics, health, medical equipment, consumer electronics, intelligent homes, and telecommunications. The aggregated information above may be very different for each subcategory taken separately.
  6. ^ z/OS’s UNIX environment coexists with its native environment, which dates back to OS/360.
  7. ^ a b «UNIX and Unix-like (including Linux)» represents 77.4% of the total web server/website market share however 48.2% of that market share does not show «more specifically» which operating system.

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Источник

Материал из Национальной библиотеки им. Н. Э. Баумана
Последнее изменение этой страницы: 21:42, 3 июня 2019.

Доля использования операционных систем – процент вычислительных устройств, которые запускают каждую операционную систему в любой конкретный момент времени. Все подобные цифры обязательно являются оценочными, потому что трудно получить данные об общем объеме операционных систем; есть несколько надежных первоисточников и нет согласованных методологий для его сбора. [Источник 1].

Содержание

  • 1 Лидеры
  • 2 Веб-клиенты
  • 3 Настольные и портативные компьютеры
    • 3.1 Настольные компьютерные игры
  • 4 Мобильные устройства
    • 4.1 Планшетные компьютеры
  • 5 Мэйнфреймы
  • 6 Суперкомпьютеры
  • 7 Источники

Лидеры

В области платформы для смартфонов и часов Google Android доминирует с более чем 2,7 миллиарда пользователей. Другие операционные системы для мобильных телефонов включают Apple iOS, KaiOS и Series 30+ .

В области настольных и портативных компьютеров, Microsoft Windows, как правило, выше 75% в большинстве рынков, компании Apple MacOS на уровне около 20%, ChromeOS Google, около 5% и Linux на уровне около 2%. Все эти цифры несколько различаются на разных рынках, и в зависимости от того, как они собираются.

Для общедоступных интернет- серверов Linux обычно считается доминирующим, обеспечивая примерно вдвое больше хостов по сравнению с Windows Server, что отстает от многих более мелких игроков, включая традиционные мейнфреймовые ОС.

В области суперкомпьютеров полностью доминирует Linux — 100% TOP500 теперь работают в этой ОС.

Веб-клиенты

По состоянию на 2019 г., Android занимает первое место, на втором месте системы Windows. Использование в Интернете производных от ядра Linux (системы Google + GNU / Linux) превышает использование всех систем Windows.

Настольные и портативные компьютеры

Windows по-прежнему является доминирующей настольной ОС, но доминирование варьируется в зависимости от региона, и она постепенно теряет долю рынка для других настольных операционных систем (не только для мобильных устройств), причем этот показатель очень заметен в США, где macOS выросла более чем в три раза по сравнению с годовым С 2009 по 2017 год Windows снизилась до 72,76%, Chrome OS — 3,33%, плюс традиционный Linux — 1,46%.
[Источник 2]

Доля использования последней клиентской операционной системы Microsoft — Windows 10 — медленно увеличивалась с июля / августа 2016 года (в то время как в Windows 7 наблюдалось незначительное снижение), достигнув около 27,15% в декабре 2016 года.

Веб-анализ показывает значительные различия в разных частях мира. Например, в Северной Америке использование Windows XP снизилось до 2,06%, но в Африке оно по-прежнему составляет 11,02%, а в Азии — 6,63% (еще выше в Китае, но до 18,21%, что связано с Win10 на секунду) при падении и обогнал Windows 10. И наоборот, macOS в Северной Америке претендует на 16,82% (17,52% в США), тогда как в Азии он составляет всего 4,4%. Хотя в июне 2016 года Microsoft, со слов новостного источника BetaNews, заявила, что Windows 10 имеет половину доли рынка настольных ПК США и Великобритании, и почти половину мирового рынка настольных ПК составляют все установки Windows: «Страница Microsoft, по их оценкам, показывает что Windows 10 достигла 50 процентов в США (51 процент в Великобритании, 39 процентов в мире), в то время как [..] Windows 7 была на 38 процентов (36 процентов в Великобритании, 46 процентов в мире). Основная причина различий в количестве сводится к тому, как они записываются.»

Опрос разработчиков Stack Overflow 2019 года не содержит подробных сведений о конкретных версиях Windows. Доля настольных операционных систем среди тех, кто идентифицировал себя как профессиональных разработчиков, была следующей:

  • Windows: 45,3%
  • MacOS: 29,2%
  • Linux: 25,3%
  • BSD / Unix: 0,1%

Настольные компьютерные игры

Магазин видеоигр Steam публикует ежемесячный «Обзор оборудования и программного обеспечения» со статистикой, представленной ниже:

Month Microsoft Windows Mac OS Linux Other
December 2018 95.86% 3.31% 0.82%
January 2017 95.79% 3.31% 0.80%
January 2016 95.39% 3.55% 0.95%
January 2015 95.48% 3.32% 1.09%
January 2014 94.93% 3.47% 0.86% 0.74%

Мобильные устройства

Все научные сообщества сходятся во мнении, что самая популярная мобильная операционная система – Android.

Уровень проникновения смартфонов и настольных компьютеров на момент написания данной статьи существенно отличается в зависимости от страны. В то время как в некоторых странах, таких как Россия, уровень использования настольных компьютеров по-прежнему высок – он составляет 77% ПК, а у смартфонов — 19% – одновременно этот показатель колеблется до 5% в Мали, где доля смартфонов на Android составляет чуть более 95%. В большинстве западных стран использование смартфонов близко к половине, но пока еще составляет менее 50%. К примеру, в Индии iOS от Apple опустилась на третье место (и веб-браузер iOS — на шестое) с долей рынка iPhone до 2,64% (iOS на смартфонах и планшетах также занимает 3-е место, в то время как планшеты iPad имеют твердое 2 место).

Планшетные компьютеры

Планшетные компьютеры являются значительной категорией рынка ОС, начиная с iPad от Apple. В первом квартале 2018 года доля рынка iOS составила 65,03%, а доли рынка Android — 34,58%. Некоторые аналитики могут не классифицировать Windows-планшеты как таковые и, следовательно, не регистрировать их как планшетные компьютеры. Например, так называемые «ПК 2-в-1» могут классифицироваться как «настольные ПК», а не как планшеты.

С 2016 года в Южной Америке (а также на Кубе) планшеты Android набрали большинство, которые только расширились в 2017 году, а в Азии Android в 2017 году стал немного более популярным, чем iPad: самые низкие показатели у которого — 49,05% — были в октябре 2015 года. В Африке iPad уже давно проиграл битву с планшетами Android, гораздо более популярными (поскольку более дешёвыми), в то время как в других странах iPad имеет стабильный уровень.

По состоянию на март 2015 года, Android добился стабильного роста и стал самой популярной (на некоторых континентах) операционной системой для планшетов (основанной на использовании StatCounter в качестве прокси-сервера); это тенденция во многих странах (по крайней мере, в округах, где рынок не насыщен), которые уже получили большинство в больших странах (Индия на 63,25%,и в Индонезии на 62,22%) и в Африканский континент с Android на 62,22% (впервые набравший большинство Android в конце 2014 года), с устойчивым ростом с 20,98% в августе 2012 года (Египет на 62,37%, Зимбабве на 62,04%) и Южной Америке — 51,09% в июле 2015 года (Перу — 52,96%). Азия на 46%. В Непале Android завоевал лидерство большинства в ноябре 2014 года, но потерял его до 41,35% с iOS на 56,51%. На Тайване, по состоянию на октябрь 2016 года, Android, получив уверенное большинство, проиграл. Китай является основным исключением для Android, завоевавшего долю рынка в Азии (там Android-фаблеты гораздо более популярны, чем планшеты на Android, в то время как аналогичные устройства классифицируются как смартфоны), где показатель iPad / iOS в марте 2015 года составил 82,84%.

Мэйнфреймы

Наиболее распространенной операционной системой для мэйнфреймов является Z/OS от IBM. Операционные системы для аппаратного обеспечения поколения IBM System z включают в себя фирменную Z/OS IBM, Linux on Z Systems , Z/TPF , Z/VSE и Z/VM.

23 декабря 2008 года Gartner сообщила, что «Linux на System Z использовался примерно на 28% всей базы клиентов Z», и что они ожидают, что «в следующие пять лет этот показатель возрастет до 50%».

Суперкомпьютеры

В области суперкомпьютеров всегда доминировали Unix или Unix-подобные операционные системы, в которых сейчас преобладает Linux – с 2017 года 500 самых быстрых суперкомпьютеров всех версий работают под управлением Linux.

В проекте TOP500 перечислены и оценены 500 самых быстрых суперкомпьютеров, для которых представлены результаты тестов. В июне 2017 года два компьютера AIX имели в списке TOP500 ранги соответственно №493 и №494, и стали последними системами, отличными от Linux, до того, как они были исключены из списка TOP500.

Последним самым быстрым суперкомпьютером, отличным от Linux, был ASCI White , также работавший под управлением AIX. Он носил название с ноября 2000 года по ноябрь 2001 года и был выведен из эксплуатации в 2006 году.

Источники

  1. ↑ Usage share of operating systems // Википедия. [2019]. Дата обновления: 22.05.2019. URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems (дата обращения 03.06.2019).
  2. ↑ Desktop Operating System Market Share United States Of America // Statcounter. Global stats. [2019]. Дата обновления: 30.06.2019. URL:http://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop/united-states-of-america/#monthly-200901-201712 (дата обращения 03.06.2019).
Источник
Настольные операционные системы Доля рынка в процентах
Мировая доля рынка операционных систем для настольных ПК — август 2021 г.
OS X 16.15%
неизвестный 3.62%
Linux 2.4%

Посмотрим на цифры. Ежегодно продается более 250 миллионов компьютеров. NetMarketShare сообщает, что из всех компьютеров, подключенных к Интернету, 1.84% использовали Linux. Chrome OS, которая является вариантом Linux, имеет 0.29 процента.

Насколько широко используется Linux?

Linux — это ОС 1.93% всех настольных операционных систем в мире. В 2018 году рыночная доля Linux в Индии составила 3.97%. В 2021 году Linux работал на 100% из 500 суперкомпьютеров в мире. В 2018 году количество игр для Linux, доступных в Steam, достигло 4,060.

Какой процент серверов использует Linux?

В 2019 году операционная система Windows использовалась на 72.1 процента серверов по всему миру, в то время как операционная система Linux составляла 13.6 процентов серверов.

Linux — самая используемая ОС?

Android, операционная система, использующая ядро ​​Linux, является самая используемая операционная система в мире, если судить по веб-использованию. У него 42% мирового рынка, за ним следует Windows с 30%, затем Apple iOS с 16%.

Какая ОС самая мощная?

Самая мощная ОС — это ни Windows, ни Mac, ее Операционная система Linux. Сегодня 90% самых мощных суперкомпьютеров работают под управлением Linux. В Японии сверхскоростные поезда используют Linux для обслуживания усовершенствованной системы автоматического управления поездом и управления ею. Министерство обороны США использует Linux во многих своих технологиях.

Почему Linux менее популярен, чем Windows?

Основная причина, по которой Linux не пользуется популярностью на настольных компьютерах, — что у него нет «единственной» ОС для рабочего стола, как делает Microsoft со своей Windows и Apple со своей macOS. Если бы в Linux была только одна операционная система, сегодня все было бы иначе. … Ядро Linux содержит около 27.8 миллионов строк кода.

Windows 10 лучше Linux?

Linux имеет хорошую производительность. Это намного быстрее, быстрее и плавнее даже на старом оборудовании. Windows 10 работает медленнее по сравнению с Linux из-за того, что в серверной части выполняются пакеты, и для работы требуется хорошее оборудование. … Linux — это ОС с открытым исходным кодом, тогда как Windows 10 можно назвать ОС с закрытым исходным кодом.

Почему ядро ​​Linux так популярно?

Что делает Linux привлекательным, так это модель лицензирования бесплатного программного обеспечения с открытым исходным кодом (FOSS). Одним из самых привлекательных элементов, предлагаемых ОС, является ее цена — совершенно бесплатно. Пользователи могут скачать текущие версии сотен дистрибутивов. При необходимости компании могут дополнить бесплатную цену услугой поддержки.

Какой Linux лучше всего подходит для сервера?

Топ-10 лучших дистрибутивов Linux-серверов в 2021 году

  1. UBUNTU Сервер. Мы начнем с Ubuntu, поскольку это самый популярный и известный дистрибутив Linux. …
  2. DEBIAN Сервер. …
  3. Сервер ФЕДОРА. …
  4. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)…
  5. Прыжок OpenSUSE. …
  6. SUSE Linux корпоративный сервер. …
  7. Оракл линукс. …
  8. Арх Линукс.

Почему так много серверов работают под Linux?

Первоначальный ответ: Почему большинство серверов работают на ОС Linux? Поскольку Linux имеет открытый исходный код, его легко настроить и настроить. Так что большая часть суперкомпьютера работает под управлением Linux. Есть также много серверов под управлением Windows и Mac, как у некоторых малых и средних компаний, потому что они просты в использовании и программировании, а их развертывание дешевле.

Все ли серверы работают под Linux?

Сервер — это компьютерное программное обеспечение или машина, которая предлагает услуги другим программам или устройствам, называемые «клиентами». … Сегодня больший процент серверов в Интернете и центров обработки данных по всему миру работает под управлением операционной системы на базе Linux.

Кто больше всего пользуется Linux?

Вот пять самых известных пользователей настольных компьютеров Linux во всем мире.

  • Google. Возможно, самой известной крупной компанией, использующей Linux на настольных компьютерах, является Google, которая предоставляет сотрудникам операционную систему Goobuntu. …
  • НАСА. …
  • Французская жандармерия. …
  • Министерство обороны США. …
  • CERN.

Какая ОС используется чаще всего?

Самая популярная операционная система на компьютере

Windows 10 самая популярная операционная система для настольных и портативных компьютеров. Android — самая популярная операционная система для смартфонов. iOS — самая популярная операционная система для планшетов. Варианты Linux наиболее широко используются в Интернете вещей и смарт-устройствах.

Популярность Linux растет?

Например, Net Applications показывает Windows на вершине горы операционных систем для настольных ПК с 88.14% рынка. … Это не удивительно, но Linux — да, Linux — похоже, выросла с 1.36% в марте до 2.87% в апреле.

Источник

The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because data about operating system share is difficult to obtain. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its collection. Operating systems are used in numerous device types, from embedded devices without a screen through to supercomputers.

Most device types that people interact with access the web, so using web access statistics helps compare the usage share of operating systems across most device types, and also the usage share of operating systems used for the same types.

As of November 2022, Android, an operating system using the Linux kernel, is the world’s most-used operating system when judged by web use. It has 42% of the global market, followed by Windows with 30%, Apple iOS with 18%, macOS with 6%, then (desktop) Linux at 1.0% also using the Linux kernel.[1][2] These numbers do not include embedded devices or game consoles.

  • For smartphones and other pocket-sized devices, Android leads with 71% market share, and Apple’s iOS has 28%.[3]
  • For desktop and laptop computers, Windows is the most used at 76%, followed by Apple’s macOS at 16%, and Linux-based operating systems at 5% (i.e. «desktop Linux» at 2.6%, plus Google’s ChromeOS at 2.4%, in the US up to 6.2%).[4]
  • For tablets, Apple’s iPadOS has 50.7% and Android has 49.18% worldwide[5] (Android is though more used in vast majority of countries;[6] and on occational days Android measures ahead or even, globally[7]).

For the above devices, smartphones and other pocket-sized devices make up 58%, desktops and laptops 40%, and tablets 2.0%.[8] Smartphones have the most use in virtually all countries, including in the US at 51% there with PC operating systems (including Windows) down to 46%.[9][10]

  • Linux has completely dominated the supercomputer field since 2017, with all of the top 500 most powerful supercomputers in the world running a Linux distribution. Linux is also most used for (web) servers, and then most often Ubuntu used, the most common Linux distribution.

The most numerous type of device with an operating system are embedded systems. These use varied operating systems; a high percentage are standalone or do not have a web browser, which makes their usage share difficult to measure. Hypothetically some operating systems used in embedded systems are more popular than the ones mentioned above.

Worldwide device shipmentsEdit

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)

In May 2020, Gartner predicted a decline in all market segments for 2020 (from already declining market in 2019) due to COVID-19, predicting a decline by 13.6% for all devices, while «Work from Home Trend Saved PC Market from Collapse», with them only predicting to decline by 10.5% for PCs. However, in the end according to Gartner, PC shipments grew «10.7% in Fourth Quarter of 2020 and […] reached 275 million units in 2020, a 4.8% increase from 2019 and the highest growth in ten years.» Apple in 4th place for PCs had the largest growth in shipments for a company in Q4 of 31.3%, while «the fourth quarter of 2020 was another remarkable period of growth for Chromebooks, with shipments increasing around 200% year over year to reach 11.7 million units. In 2020, Chromebook shipments increased over 80% to total nearly 30 million units, largely due to demand from the North American education market.»[12] Chromebooks sold more than Apple’s Macs worldwide.

According to Gartner, the following is the worldwide device shipments (referring to wholesale) by operating system, which includes smartphones, tablets, laptops and PCs together.

Worldwide device shipments by Operating System

Source Year Android iOS/macOS Windows Others
Gartner[13] 2019 (2.161 bln)
Gartner[14] 2017 (2.278 bln)
Gartner[15] 2016 (2.332 bln) 10.63% (248 mln) 11.2% (260 mln)
Gartner[11] 2015 (2.4 bln) 54.16% (1.3 bln) 12.37% (297 mln)

macOS = 1%

11.79% (283 mln) 21.66%
Gartner[16] 2014 48.61% 11.04% 14.0% 26.34%
Gartner[17] 2013 38.51% 10.12% 13.98% 37.41%
Gartner[18] 2012 22.8% 9.6% 15.62% 51.98%

Shipments (to stores) do not mean sales to consumers (not necessarily in the year of shipment), therefore suggesting the numbers indicate popularity and/or usage could be misleading. Not only do smartphones sell in higher numbers than traditional PCs – but also as a whole a lot more, by dollar value – with the gap only projected to widen, to well over double.[19]

For 2015 (and earlier), Gartner reports for «the year, worldwide PC shipments declined for the fourth consecutive year, which started in 2012 with the launch of tablets» with an 8% decline in PC sales for 2015 (not including cumulative decline in sales over the previous years).[20] Gartner includes Macs (running macOS) in PC sales numbers (but not e.g. iPads and Androids), and they individually had a slight increase in sales in 2015.

On 28 May 2015, Google announced that there were 1.4 billion Android users and 1 billion Google play users active during that month.[21][22] This changed to 2 billion monthly active users in May 2017.[23][24]

On 27 January 2016, Paul Thurrott summarized the operating system market, the day after Apple announced «one billion devices»:

Apple’s «active installed base» is now one billion devices. [..] Granted, some of those Apple devices were probably sold into the market place years ago. But that 1 billion figure can and should be compared to the numbers Microsoft touts for Windows 10 (200 million, most recently) or Windows more generally (1.5 billion active users, a number that hasn’t moved, magically, in years), and that Google touts for Android (over 1.4 billion, as of September).
My understanding of iOS is that the user base was previously thought to be around 800 million strong, and when you factor out Macs and other non-iOS Apple devices, that’s probably about right. But as you can see, there are three big personal computing platforms.

— Paul Thurrott[25]

Microsoft backed away from their goal of one billion Windows 10 devices in three years (or «by the middle of 2018»)[26] and reported on 26 September 2016 that Windows 10 was running on over 400 million devices,[27] and in March 2019 on more than 800 million.[28]

By late 2016, Android had been explained to be «killing» Apple’s iOS market share (i.e. its declining sales of smartphones, not just relatively but also by number of units, when the whole market is increasing) with

the gap between the two is growing ever larger all the time.

According to Gartner, Android now boasts a global market share of 86.2 percent. Apple’s iOS is a long way behind with a market share of just 12.9 percent. The rest may as well not even exist [..]

These figures, which cover the second quarter of 2016, show that Android has actually increased its market share by 4 percent over the last year. All other operating systems are down, with iOS losing 1.7 percent [..]

I think it’s fair to declare Android the winner in the mobile operating [system] wars at this point.

— makeuseof.com[29]

As of 9 May 2019, the biggest smartphone companies (by market share) were Samsung, Huawei and Apple, respectively.[30]

Gartner’s own press release said, «Apple continued its downward trend with a decline of 7.7 percent in the second quarter of 2016»,[31] which is their decline, based on absolute number of units, that underestimates the relative decline (with the market increasing), along with the misleading «1.7 percent [point]» decline. That point decline means an 11.6% relative decline (from 14.6% down to 12.9%).

Although in units sold Apple is declining, they are almost the only vendor making any profit in the smartphone sector from hardware sales alone. In Q3 2016 for example, they captured 103.6% of the market profits.[32]

There are more mobile phone owners than toothbrush owners,[33] with mobile phones the fastest growing technology in history.[citation needed] There are a billion more active mobile phones in the world than people (and many more than 10 billion sold so far with less than half still in use), explained by the fact that some people have more than one, such as an extra for work.[34] All the phones have an operating system, but only a fraction of them are smartphones with an OS capable of running modern applications. Currently 3.1 billion smartphones and tablets are in use across the world (with tablets, a small fraction of the total, generally running the same operating systems, Android or iOS, the latter being more popular on tablets. In 2019, a variant of iOS called iPadOS built for iPad tablets was released).

Tablet computers shipmentsEdit

In 2015, eMarketer estimated at the beginning of the year that the tablet installed base would hit one billion[35] for the first time (with China’s use at 328 million, which Google Play doesn’t serve or track, and the United States’s use second at 156 million). At the end of the year, because of cheap tablets – not counted by all analysts – that goal was met (even excluding cumulative sales of previous years) as:

Sales quintupled to an expected 1 billion units worldwide this year, from 216 million units in 2014, according to projections from the Envisioneering Group.

While that number is far higher than the 200-plus million units globally projected by research firms IDC, Gartner and Forrester, Envisioneering analyst Richard Doherty says the rival estimates miss all the cheap Asian knockoff tablets that have been churning off assembly lines.[..]

Forrester says its definition of tablets «is relatively narrow» while IDC says it includes some tablets by Amazon — but not all.[..]

The top tech purchase of the year continued to be the smartphone, with an expected 1.5 billion sold worldwide, according to projections from researcher IDC. Last year saw some 1.2 billion sold.[..]

Computers didn’t fare as well, despite the introduction of Microsoft’s latest software upgrade, Windows 10, and the expected but not realized bump it would provide for consumers looking to skip the upgrade and just get a new computer instead.

Some 281 million PCs were expected to be sold, according to IDC, down from 308 million in 2014. Folks tend to be happy with the older computers and keep them for longer, as more of our daily computing activities have moved to the smartphone.[..]

While Windows 10 got good reviews from tech critics, only 11% of the 1-billion-plus Windows user base opted to do the upgrade, according to Microsoft. This suggests Microsoft has a ways to go before the software gets «hit» status. Apple’s new operating system El Capitan has been downloaded by 25% of Apple’s user base, according to Apple.

This conflicts with statistics from IDC that say the tablet market contracted by 10% in 2015 with only Huawei, ranked fifth, with big gains, more than doubling their share; for fourth quarter 2015, the five biggest vendors were the same except that Amazon Fire tablets ranked third worldwide, new on the list, enabled by its not quite tripling of market share to 7.9%, with its Fire OS Android-derivative.[37]

Global tablet shipments[a]

Source Year Android iOS Windows Others
Strategy Analytics[38] Q2 2022 49% 38% 11% 2%
Statista[39] 2020 59.4% 29.8% 10.21% 0.59%
Strategy Analytics[40] 2015 68% 22% 10% <0.1%
Gartner[41] 2013 61.9% 36.0% 2.1% <0.1%
Gartner[41] 2012 45.8% 52.8% 1.0% 0.3%

Gartner excludes some devices from their tablet shipment statistic and includes them in a different category called «premium ultramobiles» with screen sizes of more than 10″ inches.[42]

Smartphone shipmentsEdit

Worldwide smartphone sales to end users by operating systems, as measured by Gartner, International Data Corporation (IDG) and others:

Smartphone shipments by OS

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
Statista[43] based on page views per month worldwide 2022 Q4 71.1% 28.3% N/A N/A N/A 0.6%
Gartner[44] Units sold in quarter 2018 Q1 85.9% 14.1% N/A N/A N/A 0.0%
Gartner[45] Units sold per year 2017 85.9% 14.0% N/A N/A N/A 0.1%
Gartner[46] Units sold in quarter 2017 Q1 86.1% 13.7% N/A N/A N/A 0.2%
Gartner[47] Units sold per year 2016 84.8% 14.4% N/A N/A N/A 0.8%
Gartner[48] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q4 81.7% 17.9% 0.3% 0.0% N/A 0.1%
Gartner[49] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q3 87.8% 11.5% 0.4% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[50] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q2 86.2% 12.9% 0.6% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[51] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q1 84.1% 14.8% 0.7% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[52] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q4 80.7% 17.7% 1.1% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[53] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q2 82.2% 14.6% 2.5% 0.3% N/A 0.4%
Gartner[54] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q4 76.0% 20.4% 2.8% 0.5% N/A 0.4%
Strategy Analytics[55] Units shipped in quarter 2014 Q3 81.3% 13.4% 4.1% 1.0% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[56] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q2 83.8% 12.2% 2.8% 0.7% N/A 0.5%
Gartner[57] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q2 79.0% 14.2% 3.3% 2.7% 0.3% 0.6%
Gartner[58] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q1 74.4% 18.2% 2.9% 3.0% 0.6% 1.0%
International Data Corporation[59] Units shipped in quarter 2013 Q1 75.0% 17.3% 3.2% 2.9% 0.6% 0.0%

Web clientsEdit

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)

Web clients’ OS family statistics
Android (or based on) 42.67%
Windows 29.56%
Apple’s iOS 17.38%
Apple’s macOS 6.07%
Unknown 2.04%
Other 1.25%
Linux 0.98%
Web clients’ OS family market share according to StatCounter for April 2022.[60]
The information on web clients is obtained from user agent information obtained through JavaScript code run by web browsers supplied to web servers. «Unknown» is probably mostly Windows operating systems.[citation needed] These figures have a large margin of error for a variety of reasons. For a discussion on the shortcomings see usage share of web browsers.

The most recent data from various sources published during the last twelve months is summarized in the table below. All of these sources monitor a substantial number of web sites; statistics related to one web site only are excluded.

Android currently ranks highest,[61] above Windows (incl. Xbox console) systems. Windows Phone accounted for 0.51% of the web usage, before it was discontinued.[62]

Considering all personal computing devices, Microsoft Windows is well below 50% usage share on every continent, and at 30% in the US (24% single-day low) and in many countries lower, e.g. China, and in India at 19% (12% some days) and Windows’ lowest share globally was 29% in May 2022 (25% some days), and 29% in the US.[63]

iOS is slightly more popular than Windows in the US, and has been more used the last 6 months, on a monthly average basis,[64] or for up to 11 weeks in a row (weekly average).[65] That’s because it’s much more popular on the weekends, while Windows usually more used on weekdays. iOS has however been more used for up to almost 2 weeks, every day of that time-span, and even on some days, such as 29 May 2022, Android is also more used than Windows meaning iOS and Android are up to 2.6× more used than Windows there.[66] Worldwide, Android at 43.23% is 48% more used than Windows, next at 29.2%, and iOS third at 17.67% meaning the mobile operating systems Android and iOS are combined a bit over 2× more popular then Windows. In Africa, Android at 62.66% (for May alone is 3.3× (almost 4× with iOS) than Windows at 18.81 (and iOS third at 10.74%).[67] For a 12-month average Android is only 2.1× more popular than Windows in Africa.

Before iOS became the most popular operating system in any independent country, it was most popular in Guam, an unincorporated territory of the United States, for four consecutive quarters in 2017-18,[68][69] although Android is now the most popular there.[70] iOS has been the highest ranked OS in Jersey (a British Crown dependency in Europe) for years, by a wide margin, and iOS was also highest ranked in Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory, for one quarter in 2019, before being overtaken by Android in the following quarter.[71][72] iOS is competitive with Windows in Sweden, where some days it is more used.[73]

The designation of an «Unknown» operating system is strangely high in a few countries such as Madagascar where it was at 32.44% (no longer near as high).[74] This may be due to the fact that StatCounter uses browser detection to get OS statistics, and there the most common browsers are not often used. The version breakdown for browsers in Madagascar shows «Other» at 34.9%,[75] and Opera Mini 4.4 is the most popular known browser at 22.1% (plus e.g. 3.34% for Opera 7.6). However browser statistics without version-breakdown has Opera at 48.11% with the «Other» category very small.[76][clarification needed]

In China, Android got to be the highest ranked operating system in July 2016 (Windows has occasionally topped it since then, while since April 2016 it or all non-mobile operating systems haven’t outranked mobile operating systems, meaning Android plus iOS).[77] In the Asian continent as a whole, Android has been ranked highest since February 2016 and Android alone has the majority share,[78] because of a large majority in all the most populous countries of the continent, up to 84% in Bangladesh, where it has had over 70% share for over four years.[79] Since August 2015, Android is ranked first, at 48.36% in May 2016, in the African continent – when it took a big jump ahead of Windows 7,[80] and thereby Africa joined Asia as a mobile-majority continent. China is no longer a desktop-majority country,[81] joining India, which has a mobile-majority of 71%, confirming Asia’s significant mobile-majority.

Online usage of Linux kernel derivatives (Android + ChromeOS + other Linux) exceeds that of Windows. This has been true since some time between January and April 2016, according to W3Counter[82] and StatCounter.[83]
However, even before that, the figure for all Unix-like OSes, including those from Apple, was higher than that for Windows.

Source Date Microsoft Windows (kernel):   Apple Darwin:
 		 Linux kernel:   Others:[b]
10 8/8.1 7 Vista XP WP&RT Other macOS iOS Linux Android Other
W3Counter[84] Oct 2022   19.23% N/A   3.4% N/A N/A N/A N/A   4.03%   19.23% N/A   45.18% N/A N/A
W3Counter[85] Oct

2020

 

20.55%

N/A  

6.74%

N/A N/A N/A N/A  

8.06%

 

13.67%

N/A  

37.44%

N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2019  16.23% N/A  14.32% N/A N/A N/A N/A  3.58%  13.54 N/A  38.76% N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2018  11.14 N/A  12.29% N/A N/A N/A N/A  2.80%  10.68% N/A  53.21% N/A N/A
W3Counter[87] Dec 2016  13.79  4.54%  18.45% N/A N/A N/A N/A  4.45%  12.60%  3.8%  34.37% N/A  8%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Mar 2017  12.98%  4.57%  17.84%  0.41%  2.07% 0%  0.06%  5.17%  13.09%  0.75%  37.93%  0.76%  7.21%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Dec 2016  12.5%  4.79%  18%  0.46%  2.24%  0.64%  0.09%  4.92%  12.71%  0.86%  37.8%  0.72%  4.61%
StatCounter Global Stats[89] Oct 2016  12.08%  5.21%  18.97%  0.6%  2.44%  0.7%  0.05%  5.3%  12.04%  0.85%  34.46%  0.63%  6.67%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] May 2016  10.27%  6.68%  22.25%  0.73%  3.44%  0.83%  0.8%  5.05%  11.38%  0.91%  31.6%  0.64%  6.15%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] Dec 2015  6.67%  8.5%  26.66%  1.0%  4.75%  0.92%  0.2%  5.51%  10.82%  1.03%  27.01%  0.36%  6.57%
Wikimedia[91] Dec 2016 14.0% 4.65% 18.0% 0.43% 1.70% 0.93% 0.50% 5.4% 19.0% 0.80% 23.0% 0.30% 11.29%

Desktop and laptop computersEdit

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (October 2018)

Windows is still the dominant desktop OS, but the dominance varies by region and it has gradually lost market share to other desktop operating systems (not just to mobile) with the slide very noticeable in the US, where macOS usage has more than quadrupled from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2020 to 30.62% (i.e. in Christmas month; and 34.72% in April 2020 in the middle of COVID-19, and iOS was more popular overall that year;[93] globally Windows lost to Android that year,[94] as for the two years prior), with Windows down to 61.136% and ChromeOS at 5.46%, plus traditional Linux at 1.73%.[95]

There is little openly published information on the device shipments of desktop and laptop computers. Gartner publishes estimates, but the way the estimates are calculated is not openly published. Another source of market share of various operating systems is StatCounter[96] basing its estimate on web use (although this may not be very accurate). Also, sales may overstate usage. Most computers are sold with a pre-installed operating system, with some users replacing that OS with a different one due to personal preference, or installing another OS alongside it and using both. Conversely, sales underestimate usage by not counting unauthorized copies. For example, in 2009, approximately 80% of software sold in China consisted of illegitimate copies.[97] In 2007, the statistics from an automated update of IE7 for registered Windows computers differed with the observed web browser share, leading one writer to estimate that 25–35% of all Windows XP installations were unlicensed.[98]

The usage share of Microsoft’s (then latest operating system) Windows 10 has slowly increased since July/August 2016, reaching around 27.15% (of all Windows versions, not all desktop or all operating systems) in December 2016. It eventually reached 79.79% on 5 October 2021, the same day on which its successor Windows 11 was released.

Web analysis shows significant variation in different parts of the world. For example, macOS use varies a lot by region, in North America claims 16.82%[99] (17.52%[100] in the US) whereas in Asia it is only 4.4%.[101] In the United States usage of Windows XP has dropped to 0.38% (of all Windows versions), and its global average to 0.59%, while in Africa it is still at 2.71%, and it still has double-digit share in at least one country.[102]

Since mid-2020, the world uses smartphones more than desktop (including laptop) computers.[103][104][105] For global statistics it’s every day of the week. It has also happened for all individual continents (at least for some weeks, and also for the United States[106][107][108][109] where the smartphone share has gone up to 54%, both on July 9, 2019, a Sunday,[110] and also that high in 2021). The proportions do vary widely by region (more so than by the day), e.g. in Africa the smartphone share is highest at 69%, in Asia at 65% and in South America at 50.19%, while in the United States it’s at 46% and desktop at 50%. On some continents, e.g. North America and the US, smartphone use may only go over 50% on weekends, since smartphones usage increases on weekends,[111][112][113][114] while the smartphone share has gone up to 54% for a single day (Thanksgiving), and on average over 50% for full week.[115][116]

  Smartphones (58.01%)

  Desktops/Laptops (39.49%)

  Tablets (2.46%)

  Console (0.06%)

The 2019 Stack Overflow developer survey provides no detail about particular versions of Windows. The desktop operating system share among those identifying as professional developers was:[117]

  • Windows: 45.3%
  • macOS: 29.2%
  • Linux: 25.3%
  • BSD/Unix: 0.1%

Microsoft data on Windows usageEdit

In June 2016, Microsoft claimed Windows 10 had half the market share of all Windows installations in the US and UK, as quoted by BetaNews:

Microsoft’s Windows trends page [shows] Windows 10 hit 50 percent in the US (51 percent in the UK, 39 percent globally), while … Windows 7 was on 38 percent (36 percent in the UK, 46 percent globally).
A big reason for the difference in numbers comes down to how they are recorded. … actual OS usage (based on web browsing), while Microsoft records the number of devices Windows 10 is installed on. … Microsoft also only records Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10, while NetMarketShare includes both XP and Vista.

— BetaNews[118]

Desktop computer gamesEdit

The digital video game distribution platform Steam publishes a monthly «Hardware & Software Survey», with the statistics below:

Month Microsoft Windows Mac OS† Linux† Other
December 2022[119] 96.15% 2.48% 1.38%
December 2021 96.19% 2.70% 1.11%
December 2020[119] 96.41% 2.82% 0.78%
December 2019[120] 96.89% 2.47% 0.67%
January 2019[121] 95.92% 3.27% 0.82%
January 2018[122] 98.38% 1.31% 0.25%
January 2017[123] 95.79% 3.31% 0.80%
January 2016[124] 95.39% 3.55% 0.95%
January 2015[125] 95.48% 3.32% 1.09%
January 2014[126] 94.93% 3.47% 0.86% 0.74%

^† These figures, as reported by Steam, do not include SteamOS statistics.[127]

Mobile devicesEdit

Smartphones OS by usageEdit

By Q1 2018, mobile operating systems on smartphones included Google’s dominant Android (and variants) and Apple’s iOS which combined had an almost 100% market share.[128]

Smartphone penetration vs. desktop use differs substantially by country. Some countries, like Russia, still have smartphone use as low as 22.35% (as a fraction of all web use),[129] but in most western countries, smartphone use is close to 50% of all web use. This doesn’t mean that only half of the population has a smartphone, could mean almost all have, just that other platforms have about equal use. Smartphone usage share in developing countries is much higher – in Bangladesh, for example, Android smartphones had up to 84% and currently 70% share,[79] and in Mali smartphones had over 90% (up to 95%) share for almost two years.[130][131] (A section below has more information on regional trends on the move to smartphones.)

There is a clear correlation between the GDP per capita of a country and that country’s respective smartphone OS market share, with users in the richest countries being much more likely to choose Apple’s iPhone, with Google’s Android being predominant elsewhere.[132][133][134]

Global mobile OS web usage[c]

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
StatCounter Global Stats[135] Browsing (page view) 2021, Oct 71.09% 28.21% 0.01% N/A N/A 0.69%
StatCounter Global Stats[136] Browsing (page view) 2020, Oct 72.93% 26.53% 0.03% N/A N/A 0.51%
StatCounter Global Stats Browsing (page view) 2019, Sep 76.24% 22.48% 0.17% 0.02% 0.02% 1.07%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2015, Mar 61.94% 22.64% 2.27% NA 6.00% 7.09%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2014, Aug 54.87% 23.57% 2.36% 1.59% 9.73% 7.87%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2014, Feb 47.57% 22.97% 2.22% 2.62% 14.86% 6.08%
Wikimedia (includes tablets)[d] Browsing (page view) 2013, Mar 25.93% 66.53% 1.85% 2.02% 3.03% 1.12%
United States mobile OS web usage

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
comScore[138] (US only) US subscribers 2017, Jan 52.0% 43.9% 1.5% 0.5% N/A N/A
comScore[139] (US only) US subscribers 2016, Jan 52.8% 43.6% 2.7% 0.8% N/A N/A
comScore[140] (US only) US subscribers 2015, Jan 53.2% 41.3% 3.6% 1.8% 0.1% N/A
comScore[141] (US only) US subscribers 2014, Jan 51.7% 41.6% 3.2% 3.1% 0.2% N/A
comScore[142] (US only) US subscribers 2012, Feb 50.1% 30.2% 3.9% 13.4% 1.5% N/A
comScore[143] (US only) US subscribers 2010, Dec 28.7% 25.0% 8.4% 31.6% N/A 3.7%

Tablet computers OS by usageEdit

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till mid-2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

Tablet computers, or simply tablets, became a significant OS market share category starting with Apple’s iPad. In Q1 2018, iOS had 65.03% market share and Android had 34.58% market share.[144] Windows tablets may not get classified as such by some analysts, and thus barely register; e.g. 2-in-1 PCs may get classified as «desktops», not tablets.

Since 2016, in South America (and Cuba[145] in North America), Android tablets have gained majority,[146] and in Asia in 2017 Android was slightly more popular than the iPad, which was at 49.05% usage share in October 2015.[147][148][149] In Africa, Android tablets are much more popular while elsewhere the iPad has a safe margin.

As of March 2015, Android has made steady gains to becoming the most popular tablet operating system:[150] that is the trend in many countries, having already gained the majority in large countries (India at 63.25%,[151] and in Indonesia at 62.22%[152]) and in the African continent with Android at 62.22% (first to gain Android majority in late 2014),[153] with steady gains from 20.98% in August 2012[154] (Egypt at 62.37%,[155] Zimbabwe at 62.04%[155]), and South America at 51.09% in July 2015.[156] (Peru at 52.96%[157]). Asia is at 46%.[158] In Nepal, Android gained majority lead in November 2014 but lost it down to 41.35% with iOS at 56.51%.[159] In Taiwan, as of October 2016, Android after having gained a confident majority, has been on a losing streak.[160] China is a major exception to Android gaining market share in Asia (there Android phablets are much more popular than Android tablets, while similar devices get classified as smartphones) where the iPad/iOS is at 82.84% in March 2015.[161]

Global tablet web usage

Source Month iOS Android Windows Others
StatCounter[162] Oct 2020 58.86% 41.02% 0.08% 0.04%
StatCounter[163] Dec 2019 63.11% 36.65% 0.15% 0.09%
StatCounter[164] Jul 2018 65.03% 34.58% 0.21% 0.18%
StatCounter[165] Jul 2015 65.51% 31.36% 0.78% 2.93%
StatCounter[166] Feb 2015 66.47% 29.6% 1.16% 2.73%
StatCounter[167] Oct 2014 71.67% 25.62% 0.08% 2.63%

Edit

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones are more popular than desktop computers globally (and Android in particular more popular than Windows). Including tablets with mobiles/smartphones, as they also run so-called mobile operating systems, even in the United States (and most countries) are mobiles including tablets more popular than other (older originally made for desktops) operating systems (such as Windows and macOS). Windows in the US (at 33.42%) has only 8% head-start (2.55-percentage points) over iOS only; with Android, that mobile operating system and iOS have 52.14% majority.[168] Alternatively, Apple, with iOS plus their non-mobile macOS (9.33%) has 20% more share (6.7-percentage points more) than Microsoft’s Windows in the country where both companies were built.

Although desktop computers are still popular in many countries (while overall down to 44.9% in the first quarter of 2017[169]), smartphones are more popular even in many developed countries. A few countries on all continents are desktop-minority with Android more popular than Windows; many, e.g. Poland in Europe, and about half of the countries in South America, and many in North America, e.g. Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti; up to most countries in Asia and Africa[170] with smartphone-majority because of Android, Poland and Turkey in Europe highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%.[171][172] Spain was also slightly desktop-minority. As of July 2019, Sweden had been desktop-minority for eight weeks in a row.[173]

The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes «India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet»[174] (of the big countries) where the share is around (or over) 80%[175] and desktop is at 19.56%, with Russia trailing with 17.8% mobile use (and desktop the rest).

Smartphones (discounting tablets), first gained majority in December 2016 (desktop-majority was lost the month before),[where?] and it wasn’t a Christmas-time fluke, as while close to majority after smartphone majority happened again in March 2017.[176][clarification needed]

In the week of 7–13 November 2016, smartphones alone (without tablets) overtook desktop for the first time, albeit for a short period.[177] Examples of mobile-majority countries include Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey and most of Asia and Africa. Some of the world is still desktop-majority, with for example the United States at 54.89% (but not on all days).[178] However, in some territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico,[179] desktop is significantly under majority, with Windows just under 25%, overtaken by Android.

On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile showed majority.[180] Since 27 October, the desktop hasn’t had a majority, including on weekdays. Smartphones alone have showed majority since 23 December to the end of the year, with the share topping at 58.22% on Christmas Day.[181] To the «mobile»-majority share of smartphones, tablets could be added giving a 63.22% majority. While an unusually high top, a similar high also occurred on Monday 17 April 2017, with the smartphone share slightly lower and tablet share slightly higher, combining to 62.88%.

Formerly, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[182] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month, but mobile wasn’t ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to it to exceed desktop share.

For the Christmas season (i.e. temporarily, while desktop-minority remains and smartphone-majority on weekends[183][184]), the last two weeks in December 2016, Australia (and Oceania in general)[185] was desktop-minority for the first time for an extended period, i.e. every day from 23 December.[186]

In South America, smartphones alone took majority from desktops on Christmas Day,[184] but for a full-week-average, desktop is still at least at 58%.[187]

The UK desktop-minority dropped down to 44.02% on Christmas Day and for the eight days to the end of the year.[188] Ireland joined some other European countries with smartphone-majority, for three days after Christmas, topping that day at 55.39%.[189][190]

In the US, desktop-minority happened for three days on and around Christmas (while a longer four-day stretch happened in November, and happens frequently on weekends).[191]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), in the week from 7–13 November 2016, «mobile» (meaning smartphones) alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the first time, with them highest ranked at 52.13% (on 27 November 2016)[192] or up to 49.02% for a full week.[193][194] Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey; and the continents Asia and Africa. Large regions of the rest of the world are still desktop-majority, while on some days, the United States,[195] (and North America as a whole)[196] isn’t; the US is desktop-minority up to four days in a row,[197] and up to a five-day average.[198] Other examples, of desktop-minority on some days, include the UK,[196] Ireland,[199] Australia[200] (and Oceania as a whole); in fact, at least one country on every continent[201][202][203] has turned desktop-minority (for at least a month). On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile has shown majority.[204]

Previously, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[205] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month,[206][207] with desktop-minority stretching up to an 18-weeks/4-months period from 28 June to 31 October 2016,[208][209] while whole of July, August or September 2016, showed desktop-majority (and many other long sub-periods in the long stretch showed desktop-minority; similarly only Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays are desktop-minority). The biggest continents, Asia and Africa, have shown vast mobile-majority for long time (any day of the week), as well as several individual countries elsewhere have also turned mobile-majority: Poland, Albania (and Turkey)[210] in Europe and Paraguay and Bolivia[211] in South America.[212]

According to StatCounter’s web use statistics, Saturday 28 May 2016, was the day when smartphones («mobile» at StatCounter, that now counts tablets separately) became a most used platform, ranking first, at 47.27%, above desktops.[213][214] The next day, desktops slightly outnumbered «mobile» (unless counting tablets: some analysts count tablets with smartphones or separately while others with desktops – even when most tablets are iPad or Android, not Windows devices).[215]

Since Sunday 27 March 2016, the first day the world dipped to desktop-minority,[216] it has happened almost every week, and by week of 11–17 July 2016, the world was desktop-minority,[217] followed by the next week, and thereon also for a three-week period.[218] The trend is still stronger on weekends, with e.g. 17 July 2016 showed desktop at 44.67%, «mobile» at 49.5% plus tablets at 5.7%.[219] Recent weekly data shows a downward trend for desktops.[220][221]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for overall use), on weekends desktops worldwide lose about 5 percent points, e.g. down to 51.46% on 15 August 2015, with the loss in (relative) web use going to mobile (and also a minuscule increase for tablets),[222] mostly because Windows 7, ranked 1st on workdays, declines in web use, with it shifting to Android and lesser degree to iOS.[223]

Two continents, have already crossed over to mobile-majority (because of Android), based on StatCounters web use statistics. In June 2015, Asia became the first continent where mobile overtook desktop[224] (followed by Africa in August;[225] while Nigeria had mobile majority in October 2011,[226][227] because of Symbian – that later had 51% share, then Series 40 dominating, followed by Android as dominating operating system[228]) and as far back as October 2014, they had reported this trend on a large scale in a press release: «Mobile usage has already overtaken desktop in several countries including India, South Africa and Saudi Arabia».[229] In India, desktop went from majority, in July 2012, down to 32%.[230] In Bangladesh desktop went from majority, in May 2013, down to 17%, with Android alone now accounting for majority web use.[231] Only a few African countries were still desktop-majority[232] and many have a large mobile majority including Ethiopia and Kenya, where mobile usage is over 72%.[233]

The popularity of mobile use worldwide has been driven by the huge popularity increase of Android in Asian countries, where Android is the highest ranked operating system statistically in virtually every south-east Asian country,[234] while it also ranks most popular in almost every African country. Poland has been desktop-minority since April 2015,[235] because of Android being vastly more popular there,[236] and other European countries, such as Albania (and Turkey), have also crossed over. The South America continent is somewhat far from losing desktop-majority, but Paraguay had lost it as of March 2015.[237] Android and mobile browsing in general has also become hugely popular in all other continents where desktop has a large desktop base and the trend to mobile is not as clear as a fraction of the total web use.

While some analysts count tablets with desktops (as some of them run Windows), others count them with mobile phones (as the vast majority of tablets run so-called mobile operating systems, such as Android or iOS on the iPad). iPad has a clear lead globally, but has clearly lost the majority to Android in South America,[238] and a number of Eastern European countries such as Poland; lost virtually all African countries and has lost the majority twice in Asia, but gained the majority back (while many individual countries, e.g. India and most of the middle East have clear Android majority on tablets).[239] Android on tablets is thus second most popular after the iPad.[240]

In March 2015, for the first time in the US the number of mobile-only adult internet users exceeded the number of desktop-only internet users with 11.6% of the digital population only using mobile compared to 10.6% only using desktop; this also means the majority, 78%, use both desktop and mobile to access the internet.[241] A few smaller countries in North America, such as Haiti (because of Android) have gone mobile majority (mobile went to up to 72.35%, and is at 64.43% in February 2016).[242]

RevenueEdit

The region with the largest Android usage[61] also has the largest mobile revenue.[243]

Mobile app revenue (US$bn)

2020[244]
Asia Pacific $85.3B
North and South America $74.5B
Europe, Middle East, and Africa $29.1B

Public servers on the InternetEdit

Internet based servers’ market share can be measured with statistical surveys of publicly accessible servers, such as web servers, mail servers[245] or DNS servers on the Internet: the operating systems powering such servers are found by inspecting raw response messages. This method gives insight only into market share of operating systems that are publicly accessible on the Internet.

There will be differences in the result depending on how the sample is done and observations weighted. Usually the surveys are not based on a random sample of all IP addresses, domain names, hosts or organisations, but on servers found by some other method.[citation needed] Additionally, many domains and IP addresses may be served by one host and some domains may be served by several hosts or by one host with several IP addresses.

Source Date Unix, Unix-like Microsoft Windows References
W3Techs 14 July 2022 80.1% 20.1% [246][247]
Security Space Feb 2014 <79.3% >20.7% [248][249]
Note
W3Techs checked the top ten million web servers daily from June 2013, but W3Techs’s definition of «website» differs a bit from Alexa’s definition; the «top 10 million» websites are actually fewer than 10 million. W3Techs claims that these differences «have no statistical significance».[250]
Note
Revenue comparisons often include «operating system software, other bundled software»[251] and are not appropriate for usage comparison as the Linux operating system costs nothing (including «other bundled software»), except if optionally using commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (in that case, cost of software for all software bundled with hardware has to be known for all operating systems involved, and subtracted). In cases where no-cost Linux is used, such comparisons underestimate Linux server popularity and overestimate other proprietary operating systems such as Unix and Windows.

MainframesEdit

Mainframes are larger and more powerful than servers, but not supercomputers. They are used to process large sets of data, for example enterprise resource planning or credit card transactions.

The most common operating system for mainframes is IBM’s z/OS.[citation needed] Operating systems for IBM Z generation hardware include IBM’s proprietary z/OS,[252] Linux on IBM Z, z/TPF, z/VSE and z/VM.

Gartner reported on 23 December 2008, that Linux on System z was used on approximately 28% of the «customer z base» and that they expected this to increase to over 50% in the following five years.[253] Of Linux on IBM Z, Red Hat and Micro Focus compete to sell RHEL and SLES respectively:

  • Prior to 2006, Novell claimed a market share of 85% or more for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
  • Red Hat has since claimed 18.4% in 2007 and 37% in 2008.[254]
  • Gartner reported at the end of 2008 that Novell’s SUSE Linux Enterprise Server had an 80% share of mainframe Linux.[253][dead link]

DeclineEdit

Like today’s trend of mobile devices from personal computers,[241] in 1984 for the first time estimated sales of desktop computers ($11.6 billion) exceeded mainframe computers ($11.4 billion). IBM received the vast majority of mainframe revenue.[255]

From 1991 to 1996, AT&T Corporation briefly owned NCR, one of the major original mainframe producers. During the same period, companies found that servers based on microcomputer designs could be deployed at a fraction of the acquisition price and offer local users much greater control over their own systems given the IT policies and practices at that time. Terminals used for interacting with mainframe systems were gradually replaced by personal computers. Consequently, demand plummeted and new mainframe installations were restricted mainly to financial services and government. In the early 1990s, there was a rough consensus among industry analysts that the mainframe was a dying market as mainframe platforms were increasingly replaced by personal computer networks.[256]

In 2012, NASA powered down its last mainframe, an IBM System z9.[257] However, IBM’s successor to the z9, the z10, led a New York Times reporter to state four years earlier that «mainframe technology—hardware, software and services—remains a large and lucrative business for IBM, and mainframes are still the back-office engines behind the world’s financial markets and much of global commerce».[258] As of 2010, while mainframe technology represented less than 3% of IBM’s revenues, it «continue[d] to play an outsized role in Big Blue’s results».[259]

SupercomputersEdit

Sierra helps to assure the safety, reliability and effectiveness of the United States’ nuclear weapons.

The TOP500 project lists and ranks the 500 fastest supercomputers for which benchmark results are submitted. Since the early 1990s, the field of supercomputers has been dominated by Unix or Unix-like operating systems, and starting in 2017, every top 500 fastest supercomputer uses Linux as its supercomputer operating system.

The last supercomputer to rank #1 while using an operating system other than Linux was ASCI White, which ran AIX. It held the title from November 2000 to November 2001,[260] and was decommissioned in 2006. Then in June 2017, two AIX computers held rank 493 and 494,[261] the last non-Linux systems before they dropped off the list.

Supercomputer OS family – 1993–2021 systems share according to TOP500[262]

Historically all kinds of Unix operating systems dominated, and in the end ultimately Linux remains.

Edit

Category Source Date Linux UNIX and Unix-like (not incl. Linux) Windows In‑house Other
Desktop, laptop Net Applications[263] Apr 2020 2.87% (excl. ChromeOS) plus 0.4% ChromeOS 9.75% (macOS) 86.92% (all versions) 0.06%
Embedded[e] EE Times[264] Mar 2019 38.42% (embedded Linux, Ubuntu, Android, other) 2.82% (QNX, LynxOS) 10.73% (Windows 10, Windows Embedded Compact) 10.73% 37.30%
Mainframe Gartner[254] Dec 2008 28% (SLES, RHEL) 72% (z/OS)[f]
Server (web) W3Techs[265] Sep 2021 Likely 77.4% (39.8% confirmed)[g] (Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, Gentoo, RHEL, …)[266] Less than 1% is confirmed to be UNIX or Unix-like and non-Linux. The top operating systems in order are: 0.3% BSD (97.8% of which is FreeBSD),[267] <0.1% Darwin,[268] <0.1% HP-UX,[269] <0.1% Solaris,[270] and <0.1% Minix.[271][g] 22.7% (Windows Server 2019, WS2016, WS2012, WS2008)
Microsoft’s own webserver runs 6.6% of websites.[272]
Smartphone, tablet StatCounter Global Stats[273] Apr 2020 70.80% (Android, KaiOS) 28.79% (iOS) 0.07% 0.34%
Supercomputer TOP500[274] Nov 2019 100% (Custom)

See alsoEdit

  • Comparison of operating systems
  • List of operating systems
  • Timeline of operating systems
  • Usage share of web browsers
  • Mobile OS market share

NotesEdit

  1. ^ «Shipments refer to sell-in», that is, wholesale.
  2. ^ The ‘Others’ column is obtained by summing all percentage data and subtracting from 100%.
  3. ^ Table is only showing mobile OS market share – not the overall market share.
  4. ^ Wikimedia Foundation statistics consider tablets as part of the mobile OS market share.
  5. ^ Embedded is a vast category, which has subcategories that include automotive, avionics, health, medical equipment, consumer electronics, intelligent homes, and telecommunications. The aggregated information above may be very different for each subcategory taken separately.
  6. ^ z/OS’s UNIX environment coexists with its native environment, which dates back to OS/360.
  7. ^ a b «UNIX and Unix-like (including Linux)» represents 77.4% of the total web server/website market share however 48.2% of that market share does not show «more specifically» which operating system.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ «Operating System Market Share Worldwide». StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  2. ^ «Operating System Market Share Worldwide April 2022». statcounter Global Stats.
  3. ^ «Mobile Operating System Market Share Worldwide — August 2022». statcounter Global Stats. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  4. ^ «Desktop Operating System Market Share Worldwide — August 2022». statcounter Global Stats. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  5. ^ «Tablet Operating System Market Share Worldwide». StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  6. ^ «Tablet Operating System Market Share Worldwide». StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  7. ^ «Tablet Operating System Market Share Worldwide». StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  8. ^ «Desktop vs Mobile vs Tablet vs Console Market Share Worldwide — August 2022». statcounter Global Stats. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  9. ^ «Desktop vs Mobile vs Tablet vs Console Market Share Worldwide». StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  10. ^ «Desktop vs Mobile vs Tablet vs Console Market Share United States Of America». StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  11. ^ a b «Windows comes up third in OS clash two years early». 1 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
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Источник

Операционная система определяется просто как набор программного обеспечения, которое позволяет вам управлять аппаратным обеспечением и ресурсами компьютера, предоставляя при этом некоторые общие службы, которые позволяют вам запускать различные приложения, устанавливать приоритеты обработки команд и управлять устройствами ввода и вывода.

Компьютеры добились огромных технических успехов за последние два десятилетия, превратившись из массивных машин в элегантные машины, ориентированные на производительность. В настоящее время существует три популярных операционных системы, на которых работает большинство компьютеров:

  • Окон.
  • MacOS.
  • Linux.

Проверять Лучшие бесплатные операционные системы, о существовании которых вы, вероятно, не подозревали.

Сравнение Linux, Windows и macOS: какая операционная система вам подходит? - Отзывы

В этой статье мы сравним каждый из них и рассмотрим их лучшие варианты использования и функции. Давайте начнем!

Сравнение Linux, Windows и macOS: какая операционная система вам подходит? - Отзывы

Microsoft Windows — самая популярная в мире операционная система для настольных компьютеров, доля рынка которой, по данным Microsoft, составляет около 74 процентов. Statista. С момента своего официального выпуска в 1985 году операционная система претерпела множество изменений, и, несмотря на взлеты и падения (давайте просто забудем о Vista и Windows 8!), она по-прежнему остается лидером рынка в долгосрочной перспективе.

Сравнение Linux, Windows и macOS: какая операционная система вам подходит? - Отзывы

Microsoft Windows работает на большинстве компьютеров по всему миру. Его популярность значительно возросла, особенно благодаря популярности Windows 10 и бесплатному обновлению до Windows 11, предлагаемому компанией.

Microsoft Windows также поставляется на большинстве ноутбуков, выпущенных сегодня. Почти все крупные производители предварительно устанавливают Windows и добавляют пользовательские приложения на свои устройства перед отправкой их потребителям. Проверять Почему Windows теряет столько пользователей из-за Apple: некоторые причины.

Легкость установки

Установка Windows невероятно проста. Он также без проблем работает с большинством устройств, что является одной из причин его популярности. Кроме того, вы можете приобрести компакт-диски с продуктом или приобрести цифровую копию, что позволит вам создать образ и установить Windows на свой компьютер.

Существуют разные способы установки Windows 11, но большинству из них довольно легко следовать. Любой человек, обладающий базовыми знаниями компьютера, может запустить мастер установки. Что еще более важно, Microsoft улучшила производительность в новейшей операционной системе Windows 11, так что вы можете Установка Windows 11 на старый ПК.

цена

Обновление до Windows 11 бесплатно для пользователей, переходящих с Windows 10. Однако, если вы не выполняете обновление с Windows 10, новая лицензия Windows 11 Home стоит 110 долларов, а Windows 11 Pro — около 150 долларов. Проверять Сравнение Windows Home и Windows Pro: нужно обновить?

Простота использования и производительность приложений

Вот где Microsoft Windows действительно сияет. Почти каждое приложение без проблем работает в Windows, в основном из-за его совместимости. В результате Windows невероятно универсальна, и большинство разработчиков создают приложения или игры, которые изначально работают на этой платформе.

Установка очень проста и осуществляется с помощью мастера установки. Вам не нужно быть знакомым с каким-либо инструментом интерфейса командной строки, хотя он доступен в Windows.

Если вы геймер, Windows — лучший выбор. Это связано с тем, что компания сосредоточилась на Улучшение игровой производительности И большинство разработчиков и производителей оборудования используют такие опции, как DirectX 12, для получения максимальной производительности от GPU и CPU.

Вы также можете оптимизировать операционную систему Windows для повышения производительности в играх. Windows идеально подходит для людей, которым нужен настраиваемый ПК. Вы можете легко переключать различные внутренние компоненты, устанавливать новые драйверы и обновлять детали по своему усмотрению.

Если вам нужен максимальный контроль над вашим ПК и вы хотите его настроить, нет лучшей операционной системы, чем Microsoft Windows.

Резервные копии

Если вам интересно, как создавать резервные копии в Windows 11, знайте, что это очень просто. Microsoft предлагает встроенный системный инструмент, позволяющий легко создавать различные резервные копии, а восстанавливать их можно в один клик! Проверять Лучшие способы резервного копирования Windows в облако.

MacOS

Сравнение Linux, Windows и macOS: какая операционная система вам подходит? - Отзывы

Операционная система Apple имеет относительно небольшую базу пользователей по сравнению с популярностью Windows. Однако популярность macOS продолжает расти. Несмотря на то, что macOS является крупнейшим конкурентом Windows, она использует совершенно другой подход.

Во-первых, в отличие от Windows, вы не можете просто купить отдельную копию и установить ее на любой компьютер. Он также не поставляется предварительно заряженным с другими компьютерами; Вы можете получить его только при использовании iMac, MacBook, Mac mini или других официальных устройств Apple.

Это закрытая система (с большим влиянием и открытым исходным кодом!), но она легко зарекомендовала себя за 35 лет своего существования. Что еще более важно, macOS также невероятно безопасна, в основном из-за меньшего размера рынка.

Угрозы вредоносного ПО в macOS различаются, хотя есть некоторые признаки Ваш Mac может быть заражен вирусом что вы должны искать.

Легкость установки

Для этого варианта это очень просто. Операционная система предустанавливается на каждый MacBook и iMac, которые продает компания, и вы можете без проблем запускать обновления. Самое главное, обновления регулярны и относительно просты в установке.

Обновления также выходят реже, чем Windows, поэтому вам не нужно беспокоиться о том, что ваш Mac запускает обновления в самое неподходящее время, что очень часто встречается в Windows. Все версии macOS также бесплатны.

Хотя некоторые могут утверждать, что существуют Недостатки покупки MacBook По сравнению с машиной с Windows, хотя большинство других считают, что, несмотря на более высокую стоимость покупки, общая сумма, которую они тратят, по сравнению со стоимостью длительного срока службы системы намного меньше, поскольку вы этого не делаете. Вы должны беспокоиться о рекламных акциях так же много.

Простота использования и производительность приложений

Операционная система Apple очень популярна благодаря простоте использования и глубокой интеграции с экосистемой Apple. Кроме того, большинство пользователей утверждают, что установка приложений и управление ими так же просто, если не больше, чем Windows.

Хотя он основан на Linux, macOS позволяет вам устанавливать приложение прямо из App Store. Кроме того, большинство приложений позволяют загружать файл DMG, который является файлом образа диска. После этого просто перетащите значок в папку «Приложения», чтобы установить приложение!

И когда вы хотите удалить его, просто удалите его из папки «Приложения». Вам не нужно беспокоиться о запуске каких-либо мастеров установки. Разработчики и дизайнеры обычно предпочитают macOS из-за ее функций поддержки творческих инструментов.

Самое главное, что в отличие от Windows, macOS также поставляется с кучей бесплатных приложений. Вы получаете следующее:

  • Группа производительности , включая текстовый процессор, электронные таблицы и приложения для презентаций.
  • Приложение Preview отлично подходит для редактирования фотографий, а также позволяет редактировать PDF-файлы!
  • Приложение для редактирования видео.
  • приложение для редактирования музыки, GarageBand. Программа GarageBand проста в использовании и используется многими творческими профессионалами.

Резервные копии

Если вам интересно, как сделать резервную копию вашего Mac, вам придется использовать инструмент, известный как Time Machine. Вы можете настроить как ручное, так и автоматическое резервное копирование и даже создать резервную копию на внешнем диске, таком как Windows. Проверять Разница между Time Machine и iCloud Drive: что следует использовать для резервного копирования вашего Mac?

Linux

Сравнение Linux, Windows и macOS: какая операционная система вам подходит? - Отзывы

Широко предпочитаемая разработчиками, Linux — операционная система, известная своей универсальностью. В отличие от Windows и macOS, исходный код Linux полностью открыт, поэтому его можно изменять и настраивать.

Поскольку это открытый исходный код, существуют различные варианты, известные как дистрибутивы. Так что там Легкие дистрибутивы Вы можете установить их на старые компьютеры. На самом деле Windows 11 разделяет некоторые Сходства С рабочими столами Linux!

Эти дистрибутивы варьируются от приложений, обеспечивающих основные системные функции, до настраиваемых пользовательских интерфейсов, предназначенных для работы с конкретными устройствами. Ubuntu — один из самых популярных и широко используемых дистрибутивов благодаря своей гибкости.

Легкость установки

Если вы хотите узнать, как установить последнюю версию Ubuntu на свой ноутбук или настольный компьютер, просто начните с загрузки последней версии образа с веб-сайта. Ubuntu. После этого вы можете просто смонтировать его на USB-накопитель или создать образ диска для его монтирования.

Простота использования и производительность приложений

По сравнению с Windows или macOS удобство использования ограничено. Запуск новых приложений в Linux не всегда прост, так как не все приложения предлагают встроенную поддержку (по крайней мере, вы найдете большинство приложений в Windows и macOS). Это означает, что вам придется установить слой совместимости, такой как Wine. Процесс установки также отличается, поэтому внимательно следуйте инструкциям, чтобы узнать Как установить Wine на Ubuntu.

Раньше графические интерфейсы Linux были тусклыми по сравнению с Windows или macOS, которые предлагали лучшую графику и производительность. Однако теперь это изменилось, поскольку Ubuntu предлагает потрясающий графический интерфейс, который может легко конкурировать с подобными Finder и Windows Explorer.

Установка приложений в Linux немного сложна. В идеале вы должны хорошо разбираться в инструменте интерфейса командной строки, потому что именно его вы будете использовать большую часть времени. К сожалению, именно это ограничивает распространение Linux; Пользователи считают это слишком техническим, чтобы быть полезным в повседневной жизни. Более того, большинство приложений бесплатны или существуют альтернативы популярным приложениям для Windows или macOS с открытым исходным кодом, которые могут быть не так хороши, как их оригинальные и проприетарные аналоги. Проверять Лучшие бесплатные альтернативы дорогому ПО с открытым исходным кодом.

Резервные копии

Выполнять резервное копирование в Linux непросто, так как вам нужно знать определенные команды. Однако есть некоторые инструменты с графическим интерфейсом, которые вы можете использовать, например, Déjà Dup. Вы можете легко узнать Как сделать резервную копию ваших данных с помощью Déjà Dup в Linux , хотя это требует выполнения некоторых команд.

Какая операционная система вам подходит?

Итак, как видите, все три операционные системы хороши сами по себе. Но все зависит от того, что вы знаете и что предпочитаете использовать. Например, если вам нравится полный контроль, Linux, вероятно, лучший вариант. Но если вы хотите что-то более простое в использовании, выбор между macOS и Windows идеален. Теперь вы можете просмотреть Самое очевидное свидетельство того, что Microsoft действительно является поклонником Linux.

Источник

2021: Windows 10 доминирует на компьютерах

Самые популярные операционные системы на компьютерах в мире по годам на видео ниже.

2017

Доля Windows 10 — 33%, Windows 7 — 43%

К концу 2017 года Windows 10 не смогла опередить Windows 7 и стать самой популярной компьютерной операционной системой в мире. Об этом свидетельствуют данные сервиса NetMarketShare, который берет в рассмотрение данные 160 млн уникальных пользователей, просматривающих более 40 тыс. веб-ресурсов по всему миру.

По итогам декабря 2017 года Windows 10 оказалась установлена почти на 33% десктопов и ноутбуков в глобальном масштабе против 23% годом ранее. Доля Windows 7 хотя и сократилась за год — с 47,7% до 43,1%, но все равно осталась выше, чем у более свежей платформы.

Динамика изменения долей компьютерных ОС, данные NetMarketShare

В ноябре 2017 года Microsoft сообщила об использовании Windows 10 на 600 млн устройств. Речь идет об устройствах, которыми активно пользуются люди не менее чем один раз в месяц. К такой электронике относятся компьютеры, планшеты, смартфоны, игровые консоли Xbox One, очки HoloLens и 84-дюймовые моноблоки Surface Hub.

Ранее в Microsoft прогнозировали, что к 2017-2018 годах в мире будет более 1 млрд устройств, которые будут использовать операционную систему Windows 10. Однако впоследствии компания отказалась от этого прогноза.

К концу 2017 года в активе Windows XP значилось 5,2% рынка операционных систем для ПК против 9,3% в 2016-м. Показатель присутствия Windows 8.1 уменьшился с 7,25% до 5,7%.

Все версии Windows к 31 декабря 2017 года установлены на 88,5% персональных компьютеров в мире. Доли macOS и Linux составили лишь 9% и 2,1% соответственно.

Сервис StatCounter, который учитывает более 15 млрд просмотров веб-страниц на 3 млн сайтах, приводит следующую статистику: под управлением Windows к концу декабря 2017 года работало 82,7% компьютеров в мире, на macOS — 13%. Около 89% российских пользователей ПК выбирают Windows, а среди них лидируют владельцы оборудования на Windows 7, доля которых превысила 50%. Второе место по распространению заняла ОС Windows 10 с результатом в 31,5%, третье — Windows 8.1 (8,9%). Далее расположились Windows XP (5,3%) и Windows 8 (2,6%).[1]

Конец эпохи: Windows больше не самая массовая ОС в интернете

Сайт StatCounter, специализирующийся на анализе веб-трафика, обнародовал весной 2017 года данные мирового рейтинга использования операционных систем. Как выяснилось, в марте 2017 г. по статистике использования интернета совокупно на настольных ПК, ноутбуках, планшетах и смартфонах мобильная ОС Android впервые в истории обогнала ОС Windows[2].

По данным исследователей, в марте 2017 г. Andoid занимал 37,93% интернет-рынка, в то время как Windows – 37,91%. Далее в рейтинге следует iOS.

Некие неизвестные аналитикам операционные системы заняли 2,85% рынка (более всего их пользователей находится в африканской Республике Мали и Папуа – Новой Гвинее), а ОС Linux – 0,75%.

В феврале 2017 г., по данным StatCounter, на Windows работали 38,6% интернет-пользователей, а на Android – 37,4%.

На карте, составленной экспертами, также есть данные об использовании ОС жителями территории России. Российские пользователи предпочитают выходить в интернет через Windows (70,28%), Android (13,76%), iOS (7,72%), OS X (5,08%) и «неизвестные операционные системы» — 1,82%.

Аналитики отмечают, что Windows по-прежнему доминирует на мировом рынке операционных настольных систем — ПК и ноутбуков – ОС на этих девайсах использует 84% посетителей интернета. «Windows выиграла войну за декстопы, но поле битвы изменилось», — резюмировал глава StatCounter.

По оценке аналитиков, наиболее крепко ОС Windows держится на рынке Северной Америки, где она сохранила лидерство на всех платформах – ее доля составила 39,5%, далее следует iOS (25,7%) и Android (21,2%).

В Европе Windows практически в два раза обгоняет Android — 51,7% против 23,6%. По уже понятным причинам позиции Android оказались прочнее всего в странах Азии. Здесь мобильная ОС занимает 52,2% в сравнении с 29,2% Windows.

2012

Январь 2012

ОС Windows XP от Microsoft вновь потеряла большую долю рынка в декабре 2011 года, поскольку пользователи продолжали переход с операционной системы десятилетней давности на Windows 7.

Согласно данным компании Net Applications, при среднем арифметическом в 46,5%, Windows XP потеряла 2,4 процентных пункта к концу декабря, что стало очередным минимумом для «пожилой» ОС. Это месячное падение почти полностью соответствует октябрьской отметке в 2,5 пункта. В течение четырёх месяцев, с сентября по декабрь, по состоянию на 1 сентября XP потеряла более 11%, упав почти на шесть процентных пунктов в течение этого периода.

За предыдущие четыре месяца — с мая по август, XP потеряла лишь 3,4 пункта или около 8,5% доли, которой она владела по состоянию на 1 мая. Выгоду от падения доли XP получила Windows 7, именно она была бенефициаром этого снижения, набирая 2,4 процентных пункта в прошлом месяце и достигнув доли в 37%. И в течение тех четырёх месяцев, когда XP потеряла 5,9 баллов, Windows 7 подросла на 6,4 пункта, выбрав на себя люфт не только этой старой ОС, но и Windows Vista.

Если сложившаяся тенденция повторится, в январе Windows XP потеряет ещё большую часть: в 2009 и 2010 годах доля XP падала на 40%-48% больше в январе, в сравнении с предыдущим месяцем. Вероятно, это происходило из-за покупки в конце года новых ПК, укомплектованных Windows 7. Учитывая это, в текущем месяце доля XP может упасть ещё на 3,5 пункта.

Нарастающее количество отказов от использования XP доказывает — пользователи получили сигнал Microsoft о том, что эта операционная система должна быть предана забвению. В июле Microsoft дала понять клиентам: «настало время двигаться дальше», напоминая всем, что поддержка этой ОС будет прекращена в апреле 2014 года. Перед этим команда разработки Internet Explorer, объясняя, почему она не будет запускать IE9 на XP, оценила эту ОС как «наименьший общий знаменатель».

Два месяца назад, Microsoft тихо празднуя 10-летие запуска XP в розницу, для продвижения Windows 7 и свёртывания XP запустила рекламную компанию под девизом: «Кто не идёт вперёд, пятится назад». Из 12,4 процентных пунктов, которые XP потеряла в последние 12 месяцев, почти половина — в последние четыре. Это означает, что поспешное ослабление XP изменит дату потери ею своего ведущего места в экосистеме Microsoft.

Становятся заметными прогнозы на основе данных Net Applications, говорящие о том, что Windows 7 станет самой широко распространённой версией в апреле — на несколько месяцев раньше, в отличие от предыдущих оценок. К тому времени дебютирует Windows 8. По мнению аналитика издания ComputerWorld Грега Кейцера (Gregg Keizer), октябрь кажется наиболее вероятным периодом начала её продаж. Windows 7 уже захватит от 50% до 52% рынка.

В прошедшем месяце доля Windows 8 незначительно выросла — до 0,05% с 0,03% в ноябре или до пяти ПК из каждых 10 тыс. Это операционная система ещё не достигла стадии бета — Microsoft планирует выпуск релиза на конец февраля.

Из графика видно как идут навстречу друг другу доли Windows XP и Windows 7. Последняя, как ожидается, станет №1 в апреле 2012 года. Данные: Net Applications

2011

С сентября по декабрь 2011 года включительно усилился отток пользователей ОС Windows XP по мере их перехода на Windows 7. Доля Windows 8 достигла 0,05%.

Октябрь 2011

На мировом рынке операционных систем продолжается стремительное падение Windows XP: в октябре этого года система с десятилетней историей показала максимальное падение за все время своего существования. По данным компании Net Applications, падение XP во многом обусловлено растущей популярностью Windows 7, которая на данный момент управляет каждым третьим компьютером в мире.

Доля Windows XP в октябре уменьшилась на 2,5% и составила 48%. В то же время доля Windows 7 выросла на 2,2% до 34,6%. XP в последние два месяца показало беспрецедентное снижение на 4,4% и более чем на 7% от своей доли в августе. Скорее всего, ускорило этот процесс заявление Microsoft, что XP, впервые вышедшая в 2001 году, больше не будет поддерживаться корпорацией.

Динамика долей ОС семейства Windows на мировом рынке 2009-2011 годы

Источник: Net Applications, октябрь 2011 года 

В июле Microsoft сообщила клиентам, что «пришло время отказаться от XP», напомнив, что поддержка этой ОС окончательно прекратиться через три года. Ранее в этом году топ-менеджеры подразделения, отвечающего за разработку браузера Internet Explorer (браузер) (IE), также сообщили, что на базе XP уже не смогу работать браузеры от версии IE9 и выше.

По словам Майкла Силвера (Michael Silver), аналитика Gartner, этот месседж дошел до большинства компаний. «По нашим оценкам, 10% предприятий уже мигрировали на «семерку», 55% — находятся в процессе миграции, 25% — только начинают ее, а еще 10% пока не собираются переходить на Windows 7», — отметил он. . Дедлайном для отказа от Windows XP является апрель 2014 года: после этой даты корпорация перестанет выпускать патчи для этой версии. «Предприятия просто не смогут использовать ОС, не отвечающую требованиям безопасности», — считает Силвер.

Усложняет процесс падения XP и восхождения 7 еще и то обстоятельство, что Microsoft уже занимается подготовкой новой версии, Windows 8. Как и многие другие аналитики, Силвер не испытывает оптимизма относительно потенциального успеха этой версии на корпоративном рынке, поскольку большинство компаний уже озадачено переходом на «семерку». Он сказал, что предприятия будут испытывать «усталость от обновления», так что выход «восьмерки» вряд ли вызовет большой энтузиазм.

Также в этом отчете уделяется внимание и злополучной Windows Vista, релиз которой состоялся до седьмой версии, в начале 2007 года. По данным Net Applications, доля Vista на мировом рынке ОС в октябре составила всего 8,9%, она снизилась на 1% за последний квартал и в целом на 4,5% за весь последний год. Этой ОС так и не удалось преодолеть барьер в 20% рынка: в октябре 2009 года ее доля достигла 19,1%, но в том же месяце вышла Windows 7.

2010

Январь 2010

Июль 2010

По состоянию на июль 2010 г. операционные системы семейства Windows были установлены на 91,32% действующих в мире компьютеров, тогда как доля Mac OS X составила 5,06% и Linux — 0,93%. Другие платформы заняли 2,69%.

Источник: Net Applications

В июле 2010 г. число компьютеров в мире, на которых установлена операционная система Windows 7, впервые превысило число компьютеров с ее предшественницей. Доля первой достигла 14,46%, тогда как доля Windows Vista в июле составила 14,34%. Месяцем ранее системам принадлежало 13,70% и 14,68% инсталлированной базы, а в начале года — 7,57% и 17,47% соответственно. Таким образом, налицо постепенное распространение Windows 7, которая замещает предыдущую версию платформы, сообщает Net Applications.

Источник: Net Applications

Тем временем выпущенная в 2001 г. операционная система Windows XP по-прежнему продолжает занимать львиную долю мировой инсталлированной базы систем семейства Microsoft Windows, которая составляет 61,87%, более чем в два раза больше по сравнению с Windows 7 и Vista, вместе взятыми. Однако доля XP также сокращается и более стремительными темпами в сравнении с Vista.

В июле 2010 года в Microsoft объявили о том, что к настоящему моменту реализовали 175 млн лицензионных копий Windows 7, вышедшей в продажу в октябре 2009-го.

Доход вендоров на мировом рынке операционных систем в 2010 году составил 30,4 млрд. долл., что на 7,8% выше 2009 года, сообщает Gartner. Серверная Linux и Mac OS были самыми быстро растущими подсегментами среди серверных и клиентских ОС соответственно, и Microsoft сохранила свое лидирующее положение на рынке ОС в целом с общей долей 78,6%.

В сегменте клиентских ОС Mac OS была самым быстро растущим подсегментом в 2010 году ввиду значительного роста поставок настольных компьютеров и ноутбуков Macintosh, хотя и с гораздо более низкой базы. Клиентская Windows продолжала доминировать в сегменте клиентских ОС с ростом выше 5%, в том числе благодаря принятию Windows 7 в свете скорого окончания поддержки XP.

Microsoft имела самую большую долю на мировом рынке ОС в 2010 году — 78,6% с огромным отрывом от соперников. Второе и третье место занимали IBM и HP с долей рынка 7,5% и 3,7% соответственно. Oracle поднялась с восьмого места в 2009 г. до четвертого в 2010-м благодаря покупке Sun Microsystems с ее ОС Solaris в апреле 2009 г.

Клиентская ОС Windows показала более высокий рост (на 9,2%), чем серверная ОС Windows (на 7,5%). Новая волна обновлений ПК после рецессии была главным источником успеха клиентской Windows. Кроме того, Windows 7 была принята рынком как преемник Vista и XP. Ожидаемое окончание срока поддержки XP в начале 2014 года подтолкнуло организации ускорить переход на Windows 7 во второй половине 2010 г.

Среди трех ОС, которыми владеет IBM, AIX показала самый высокий рост (на 9,2%) благодаря популярности линейки Power System. Консолидация платформ System p и System i и стратегия активного продвижения AIX привели к слабому росту System i в 2010 году (на 2,7%).

HP-UX сумела сохранить умеренный рост (на 3,7%). Однако доход HP от проприетарной Unix и других проприетарных ОС продолжал снижаться ввиду прекращения разработки Tru64 и сокращения поставок критически важных для бизнеса систем, таких как NonStop и OpenVMS.

Доход Oracle от Solaris снизился на 3,2% в 2010 году ввиду неуверенности заказчиков в готовности компании продолжать разработку этой ОС, хотя Oracle сделала несколько заявлений, чтобы снять эти опасения. Версия Linux в распоряжении Oracle (известная под названием Unbreakable Linux) показала рост почти на 200% в 2010 году (хотя и с малой базы), что подтвердило стремление Oracle уменьшить свою зависимость от Unix- и Linux-версий других вендоров.

Red Hat доминировала в сегменте коммерческих серверных версий Linux. Доход от серверных лицензий на Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) в 2010 году вырос на 18,6% до 592 млн. долл., что составляет 58,2% всего рынка серверных версий Linux. По мнению Gartner, это демонстрирует, что рынок принял Linux как жизнеспособную альтернативу Unix и другим проприетарным ОС для критически важных приложений.

Mac OS показала рост дохода в 2010 году на 15,8% до 520 млн. долл. благодаря сильным продажам настольных компьютеров и ноутбуков Macintosh. Позиционирование Mac OS как «самой стильной» клиентской операционной системы привлекло лояльных пользователей на устройства и платформы Apple. Постоянные инновации компании на рынке мобильных устройств, прежде всего смартфонов и планшетов, помогли продажам других устройств Apple и продолжат двигать продажи Mac OS.

Смотрите также

  • Читать дальше >>>
  • Операционные системы для мобильных платформ (мировой рынок)
  • Операционные системы (рынок США)
  • Операционные системы (рынок России)
  • Операционные системы (архитектура)

Примечания

  1. ↑ NetMarketShare: Windows 10 still has quite some way to go to beat Windows 7’s share
  2. ↑ Конец эпохи: Windows больше не самая массовая ОС в интернете
Источник

Какая операционная система наиболее часто используется в мире? Простой вопрос, верно? Это, очевидно, Windows.

Но ответ может быть и не таким. Конечно, Windows доминирует в секторе домашних компьютеров, но Linux охватывает гораздо больше мировых технологий, чем вы думаете.

На самом деле, если бы можно было проанализировать каждый элемент технологий, Linux почти наверняка вышел бы на первое место.

К сожалению, такой анализ никогда не будет осуществлён. Но это не помешает нам углубиться в некоторые факты и цифры. И вот почему истинная доля рынка Linux выше, чем вы думаете.

Десктопы и ноутбуки

Доля рынка операционных систем для настольных компьютеров по всему миру — январь 2019 г.

Давайте начнем с оборудования, которое мы все используем каждый день: настольные и портативные компьютеры.

По данным веб-статистики компании NetMarketShare, Windows может похвастаться совершенно неоспоримой 86% долей рынка. StatCounter ставит цифру ниже, 75,5 процента.

Доминирование Windows объясняется популярностью двух выпусков: Windows 10 и Windows 7. NetMarketShare ставит Windows 7 на 44 процента и Windows 10 на 29 процентов. StatCounter оценивает его как 41 и 45 процентов соответственно.

С другой стороны, Linux борется вместе с двумя процентами рынка. Ubuntu почти наверняка самый популярный дистрибутив, но точную статистику найти невозможно.

Итак, если Linux так сильно отстает от Windows, как он может претендовать на звание самой популярной операционной системы в мире? Давайте посмотрим внимательнее.

Chromebook-и

Chromebook добился значительных успехов в сфере образования. В американском секторе K-12 устройства заняли 58-процентную долю рынка в 2016 году. С 17-процентным ростом в 2017 году и прогнозируемым 10-процентным ростом в 2018 году можно смело предположить, что доля рынка сегодня составляет около 70 процентов.

Возможно, наиболее впечатляюще, Chromebook публикует данные о росте в эпоху снижения продаж ноутбуков. Общий объем продаж остается частью общего рынка ПК, но будущее выглядит обнадеживающим.

Веб-серверы

В этой теме, на данный момент, точных цифр пока нет.

Однако, согласно W3Cook, Linux обеспечивает работу серверов, на которых работает 96,5 процента из первого миллиона доменов в мире (согласно рейтингу Alexa).

W3Techs идет еще дальше в этом списке и утверждает, что Linux поддерживает около 70 процентов из первых 10 миллионов доменов Alexa. Windows контролирует оставшиеся 30 процентов.

Публичное облако

Папа, из чего сделаны облака?
Папа: Linux-серверы в основном

Публичное облако, которое тесно связано с вышеупомянутыми веб-серверами, — это еще одна область, в которой Linux значительно опередил преследователей.

Учитывая фрагментированную природу пространства, практически невозможно получить точную статистику. Однако, беря во внимание то, что Amazon EC2 контролирует почти половину рынка, это хороший знак для всего сектора. Это так же подтверждается тем, что Microsoft разрешила устанавливать Linux на облачный сервис Azure с 2012 года.

В Amazon EC2 стандартный Linux (вместе с различными дистрибутивами) контролирует 92% рынка. Опять же, Windows отвечает за остальные восемь процентов.

Android

Прежде чем мы углубимся в статистику, давайте предисловим этот раздел, сказав, что споры о том, действительно ли Android можно считать системой Linux, бушевали годами. Дискуссия не показывает никаких признаков достижения окончательного заключения.

Противоречие возникает потому, что не существует общепринятого определения того, на что ссылается Linux. Это может быть ссылка на ядро ​​Linux, дистрибутив или даже операционную систему GNU.

Android использует ядро ​​Linux, но имеет дополнительные библиотеки, графический интерфейс и некоторый собственный код. Вы можете сделать свои собственные выводы. Я рассматриваю ОС Android как подмножество более широкого мира Linux; поэтому, я считаю, что будет справедливо включить его в этот список.

Итак, что насчет статистики? Android — самая популярная мобильная операционная система в мире.

По состоянию на март 2018 года и NetMarketShare, и StatCounter соглашаются, что контролируют около 70 процентов объединенного рынка смартфонов и планшетов. Второе место, у iOS с примерно 24 процентами. Windows занимает третье место с менее чем одним процентом.

В мире насчитывается около 2,5 миллиардов смартфонов, поэтому мы можем с уверенностью предположить, что Android работает примерно на 1,75 миллиардов телефонов. Для сравнения, Windows работает на 1,5 миллиардах домашних компьютеров.

Суперкомпьютеры

Linux безоговорочно доминирует в списке 500 самых мощных суперкомпьютеров в мире. В июне 2017 года 498 из 500 ведущих компаний работали под управлением Linux. Только две машины, отличные от Linux, использовали AIX на основе Unix.

К концу того же года две машины AIX были исключены из списка. На момент написания этой статьи Linux обеспечивает работу всех 500 компьютеров в списке.

Если вам интересно, самый быстрый суперкомпьютер в мире — это Sunway TaihuLight в Китае. Он имеет 10 649 600 ядер и может выполнять 93 петафлопс в секунду. Он почти в три раза быстрее суперкомпьютера, занявшего второе место, также в Китае. Piz Daint, построенный в Швейцарии, завершает тройку лидеров.

И остальное…

Linux встречается не только на ноутбуках, мобильных телефонах и серверах. Вы можете найти его в потребительских товарах, таких как электронные ридеры Amazon Kindle, умные телевизоры, термостаты Nest, дроны и автомобили Tesla.

Правительства также внедряют ОС в рекордных количествах. Французская национальная жандармерия использует свой внутренний дистрибутив, как и российские военные, и государственную систему образования Испании. Он даже лежит в основе северокорейской государственной операционной системы Red Star OS.

Это также операционная система выбора для голливудской киноиндустрии. Титаник 1997 года был первым блокбастером, выпущенным на Linux; сегодня почти каждый кассовый хит использует эту технологию.

И, пожалуй, самое невероятное, что есть у Linux, это космические миссии. SpaceX использует Linux для ракет Falcon 9.

Итак, какова доля Linux на рынке?

Невозможно сказать. Слишком много вариаций в слишком многих элементах технологии, чтобы можно было точно определить любые показатели высшего уровня.

Тем не менее, мы можем с уверенностью сказать, что Linux — это не маленькая операционная система, которая подходит только для гиков, поскольку люди часто обвиняют ее в этом.

Если вы хотите присоединиться к растущей толпе пользователей Linux, ознакомьтесь с нашим руководством по лучшим дистрибутивам Linux.

Источник: MakeUseOf

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По данным сайта StatCounter с июня 2021 года по июнь 2022 года при веб-серфинге использовали следующие операционные системы:

1. Android — 44,17%
2. Windows — 28,96%
3. iOS — 17,46%
4. MacOS — 5,56%
5. Неизвестные — 1,92%
6. Linux — 0,92%

Данная статистика включает в себя настольные и планшетные компьютеры, мобильные телефоны и консоли.

Android основана на ядре Linux. Таким образом, в общей сложности при веб-серфинге на ядре Linux используется 45,09% ОС.

iOS и MacOS относятся к Unix-подобнымя операционным системам. На последние приходится 68,11% ОС, которые используют при интернет-серфинге.

Настольные компьютеры

Если смотреть данные только для настольных компьютеров, то получим следующую картину:

1. Windows — 76.31%
2. MacOS — 14.66%
3. Неизвестные — 4.88%
4. Linux — 2.43%
5. Chrome OS — 1.72%
6. FreeBSD — 0.01%

Chrome OS базируется на ядре Linux. FreeBSD — свободная операционная система семейства UNIX.

Планшетные компьютеры

1. iOS — 52.38%
2. Android — 47.54%
3. Windows — 0.03%
4. Linux — 0.02%
5. Неизвестные — 0.01%
6. BlackBerry OS — 0.01%

Мобильные телефоны

1. Android — 72.11%
2. iOS — 27.22%
3. Samsung — 0.42%
4. Неизвестные — 0.11%
5. KaiOS — 0.08%
6. Nokia — 0.01%

KaiOS — мобильная операционная система, основанная на Linux.

Консоли

1. Playstation — 85.75%
2. Xbox — 14.21%
3. Nintendo — 0.03%

Операционная система PlayStation 4 — Orbis OS, форк FreeBSD версии 9.0, выпущенной 12 января 2012 года.

Операционная система для игровой приставки Xbox — это очень сильно изменённая Windows 2000. Однако член команды разработчиков консоли Garry Trinder в своём посте в соответствующем блоге вкратце дал разъяснение, что операционная система Xbox разработана «с нуля» и в неё внедрены лишь некоторые API из Win32.

9 января 2013 года компания Valve объявила, что разрабатываемая студией ПК-консоль Steam Machine будет работать под управлением SteamOS, базирующейся на Linux. SteamOS — операционная система, основанная на Arch Linux, разрабатываемая корпорацией Valve специально для сервиса Steam. SteamOS была ориентирована для запуска игр на экране телевизора. Домашний стриминг позволил играть в игры для Windows и MacOs, доступные в библиотеке Steam, на устройстве со SteamOS. Игра запускается на компьютере под управлением Windows или OS X и транслируется по локальной сети на устройство со SteamOS, подключённое к телевизору.

Суперкомпьютеры, сервера, встраиваемые системы

Linux полностью доминирует в области суперкомпьютеров с 2017 года, и все 500 самых мощных суперкомпьютеров в мире работают под управлением дистрибутива Linux.

Cогласно W3Cook, Linux обеспечивает работу серверов, на которых работает 96,5 процента из первого миллиона доменов в мире (согласно рейтингу Alexa). W3Techs идет еще дальше в этом списке и утверждает, что Linux поддерживает около 70 процентов из первых 10 миллионов доменов Alexa. Windows контролирует оставшиеся 30 процентов.

Публичное облако, которое тесно связано с вышеупомянутыми веб-серверами, — это еще одна область, в которой Linux значительно опередил преследователей. Учитывая фрагментированную природу пространства, практически невозможно получить точную статистику. Однако, беря во внимание то, что Amazon EC2 контролирует почти половину рынка, это хороший знак для всего сектора. В Amazon EC2 стандартный Linux (вместе с различными дистрибутивами) контролирует 92% рынка. Опять же, Windows отвечает за остальные восемь процентов.

В 2013 доля Linux-решения на рынке встраиваемых систем достигла 50%. На втором месте с долей в 24% находятся встраиваемые системы на базе собственных внутренних разработок. Доля Windows составляет 19%.

Если рассматривать используемые во встраиваемых продуктах Linux-системы по отдельности, то лидером является платформа Android (16%), далее следуют Ubuntu (13%), Debian (8%), Red Hat (5%), Wind River (4%) и Angstrom (4%).

Применение в госструктурах

Linux пользуются популярностью у различных государственных и муниципальных структур: Федеральное правительство Бразилии хорошо известно своей поддержкой Linux. Правительство индийского штата Керала выпустило предписание о переходе всех школ штата на использование Linux. Для обеспечения технологической независимости Китай использует только Linux на своих процессорах Loongson. Некоторые регионы Испании разработали свои собственные дистрибутивы Linux, которые используются в образовании и госуправлении, например, такие как gnuLinEx в Эстремадуре и Guadalinex в Андалусии. Португалия также пользуется своим собственным дистрибутивом Caixa Mágica, разработанным для нетбука Magalhães и государственной программы электронного образования. Франция и Германия предпринимают ряд шагов по увеличению использования Linux.

В России многие госструктуры также используют ОС, основанные на ядре Linux. Подробнее об этом написано здесь.

Китай объявил 1 июля 2022 года о создании открытой платформы для ускорения разработки собственной операционной системы для стационарных компьютеров. Китай создал открытую платформу, чтобы ускорить разработку собственной операционной системы и избавиться от зависимости от американских разработок, как Windows и macOS. Об этом сообщает South China Morning Post. Kylinsoft, дочерняя компания государственной China Electronics Corp, на прошлой неделе объединила усилия с более чем 10 китайскими компаниями, в том числе Национальным научно-исследовательским центром промышленной информационной безопасности. Они создают сообщество openKylin, в котором разработчики будут делиться кодом, связанным с ОС Kylin. Попытки ускорить создание конкурентоспособной операционной системы из Китая проходят на фоне обострения отношений страны с США. Китай стремится избавиться от зависимости от Запада в ключевых технологиях и программном обеспечении. Kylin изначально был разработан Национальным университетом оборонных технологий Народно-освободительной армии. Его лицензировано для коммерческого использования в 2014 году. Согласно отчету исследовательской и консалтинговой компании EqualOcean, первые версии Kylin содержат коды Unix-подобного программного обеспечения FreeBSD, в то время как более поздние версии базируются на Linux. На сегодняшний день Kylinsoft выпустила три операционных системы: V10, V4 и NeoKylin V7.0. V10 совместима с наибольшим количеством процессоров, включая HiSilicon, Loongson, Sunway, Hygon и FeiTeng Huawei Technologies Co.

Смотрите также:
Свежая ОС Linux оказалась быстрее Windows 11 на ПК с Intel Alder Lake
64% россиян перейдут на российскую ОС, если привычная ОС не будет доступна
Почему Линукс лучшая ОС в 2022 году? Несколько причин сменить Windows 10 на Linux
Обзор российских операционных систем 2022 и российские офисные программы
Три российские ОС Linux перешли на отечественную версию ядра
Разжёванный курс по Linux для чайников
Операционные системы СССР и России

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