Сколько процентов персональных компьютеров используют операционные системы windows phone

The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because data about operating system share is difficult to obtain. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its collection. Operating systems are used in numerous device types, from embedded devices without a screen through to supercomputers.

The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because data about operating system share is difficult to obtain. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its collection. Operating systems are used in numerous device types, from embedded devices without a screen through to supercomputers.

Most device types that people interact with access the web, so using web access statistics helps compare the usage share of operating systems across most device types, and also the usage share of operating systems used for the same types.

As of November 2022, Android, an operating system using the Linux kernel, is the world’s most-used operating system when judged by web use. It has 42% of the global market, followed by Windows with 30%, Apple iOS with 18%, macOS with 6%, then (desktop) Linux at 1.0% also using the Linux kernel.[1][2] These numbers do not include embedded devices or game consoles.

  • For smartphones and other pocket-sized devices, Android leads with 71% market share, and Apple’s iOS has 28%.[3]
  • For desktop and laptop computers, Windows is the most used at 76%, followed by Apple’s macOS at 16%, and Linux-based operating systems at 5% (i.e. «desktop Linux» at 2.6%, plus Google’s ChromeOS at 2.4%, in the US up to 6.2%).[4]
  • For tablets, Apple’s iPadOS has 50.7% and Android has 49.18% worldwide[5] (Android is though more used in vast majority of countries;[6] and on occational days Android measures ahead or even, globally[7]).

For the above devices, smartphones and other pocket-sized devices make up 58%, desktops and laptops 40%, and tablets 2.0%.[8] Smartphones have the most use in virtually all countries, including in the US at 51% there with PC operating systems (including Windows) down to 46%.[9][10]

  • Linux has completely dominated the supercomputer field since 2017, with all of the top 500 most powerful supercomputers in the world running a Linux distribution. Linux is also most used for (web) servers, and then most often Ubuntu used, the most common Linux distribution.

The most numerous type of device with an operating system are embedded systems. These use varied operating systems; a high percentage are standalone or do not have a web browser, which makes their usage share difficult to measure. Hypothetically some operating systems used in embedded systems are more popular than the ones mentioned above.

Worldwide device shipments[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)

In May 2020, Gartner predicted a decline in all market segments for 2020 (from already declining market in 2019) due to COVID-19, predicting a decline by 13.6% for all devices, while «Work from Home Trend Saved PC Market from Collapse», with them only predicting to decline by 10.5% for PCs. However, in the end according to Gartner, PC shipments grew «10.7% in Fourth Quarter of 2020 and […] reached 275 million units in 2020, a 4.8% increase from 2019 and the highest growth in ten years.» Apple in 4th place for PCs had the largest growth in shipments for a company in Q4 of 31.3%, while «the fourth quarter of 2020 was another remarkable period of growth for Chromebooks, with shipments increasing around 200% year over year to reach 11.7 million units. In 2020, Chromebook shipments increased over 80% to total nearly 30 million units, largely due to demand from the North American education market.»[12] Chromebooks sold more than Apple’s Macs worldwide.

According to Gartner, the following is the worldwide device shipments (referring to wholesale) by operating system, which includes smartphones, tablets, laptops and PCs together.

Worldwide device shipments by Operating System

Source Year Android iOS/macOS Windows Others
Gartner[13] 2019 (2.161 bln)
Gartner[14] 2017 (2.278 bln)
Gartner[15] 2016 (2.332 bln) 10.63% (248 mln) 11.2% (260 mln)
Gartner[11] 2015 (2.4 bln) 54.16% (1.3 bln) 12.37% (297 mln)

macOS = 1%

11.79% (283 mln) 21.66%
Gartner[16] 2014 48.61% 11.04% 14.0% 26.34%
Gartner[17] 2013 38.51% 10.12% 13.98% 37.41%
Gartner[18] 2012 22.8% 9.6% 15.62% 51.98%

Shipments (to stores) do not mean sales to consumers (not necessarily in the year of shipment), therefore suggesting the numbers indicate popularity and/or usage could be misleading. Not only do smartphones sell in higher numbers than traditional PCs – but also as a whole a lot more, by dollar value – with the gap only projected to widen, to well over double.[19]

For 2015 (and earlier), Gartner reports for «the year, worldwide PC shipments declined for the fourth consecutive year, which started in 2012 with the launch of tablets» with an 8% decline in PC sales for 2015 (not including cumulative decline in sales over the previous years).[20] Gartner includes Macs (running macOS) in PC sales numbers (but not e.g. iPads and Androids), and they individually had a slight increase in sales in 2015.

On 28 May 2015, Google announced that there were 1.4 billion Android users and 1 billion Google play users active during that month.[21][22] This changed to 2 billion monthly active users in May 2017.[23][24]

On 27 January 2016, Paul Thurrott summarized the operating system market, the day after Apple announced «one billion devices»:

Apple’s «active installed base» is now one billion devices. [..] Granted, some of those Apple devices were probably sold into the market place years ago. But that 1 billion figure can and should be compared to the numbers Microsoft touts for Windows 10 (200 million, most recently) or Windows more generally (1.5 billion active users, a number that hasn’t moved, magically, in years), and that Google touts for Android (over 1.4 billion, as of September).
My understanding of iOS is that the user base was previously thought to be around 800 million strong, and when you factor out Macs and other non-iOS Apple devices, that’s probably about right. But as you can see, there are three big personal computing platforms.

— Paul Thurrott[25]

Microsoft backed away from their goal of one billion Windows 10 devices in three years (or «by the middle of 2018»)[26] and reported on 26 September 2016 that Windows 10 was running on over 400 million devices,[27] and in March 2019 on more than 800 million.[28]

By late 2016, Android had been explained to be «killing» Apple’s iOS market share (i.e. its declining sales of smartphones, not just relatively but also by number of units, when the whole market is increasing) with

the gap between the two is growing ever larger all the time.

According to Gartner, Android now boasts a global market share of 86.2 percent. Apple’s iOS is a long way behind with a market share of just 12.9 percent. The rest may as well not even exist [..]

These figures, which cover the second quarter of 2016, show that Android has actually increased its market share by 4 percent over the last year. All other operating systems are down, with iOS losing 1.7 percent [..]

I think it’s fair to declare Android the winner in the mobile operating [system] wars at this point.

— makeuseof.com[29]

As of 9 May 2019, the biggest smartphone companies (by market share) were Samsung, Huawei and Apple, respectively.[30]

Gartner’s own press release said, «Apple continued its downward trend with a decline of 7.7 percent in the second quarter of 2016»,[31] which is their decline, based on absolute number of units, that underestimates the relative decline (with the market increasing), along with the misleading «1.7 percent [point]» decline. That point decline means an 11.6% relative decline (from 14.6% down to 12.9%).

Although in units sold Apple is declining, they are almost the only vendor making any profit in the smartphone sector from hardware sales alone. In Q3 2016 for example, they captured 103.6% of the market profits.[32]

There are more mobile phone owners than toothbrush owners,[33] with mobile phones the fastest growing technology in history.[citation needed] There are a billion more active mobile phones in the world than people (and many more than 10 billion sold so far with less than half still in use), explained by the fact that some people have more than one, such as an extra for work.[34] All the phones have an operating system, but only a fraction of them are smartphones with an OS capable of running modern applications. Currently 3.1 billion smartphones and tablets are in use across the world (with tablets, a small fraction of the total, generally running the same operating systems, Android or iOS, the latter being more popular on tablets. In 2019, a variant of iOS called iPadOS built for iPad tablets was released).

Tablet computers shipments[edit]

In 2015, eMarketer estimated at the beginning of the year that the tablet installed base would hit one billion[35] for the first time (with China’s use at 328 million, which Google Play doesn’t serve or track, and the United States’s use second at 156 million). At the end of the year, because of cheap tablets – not counted by all analysts – that goal was met (even excluding cumulative sales of previous years) as:

Sales quintupled to an expected 1 billion units worldwide this year, from 216 million units in 2014, according to projections from the Envisioneering Group.

While that number is far higher than the 200-plus million units globally projected by research firms IDC, Gartner and Forrester, Envisioneering analyst Richard Doherty says the rival estimates miss all the cheap Asian knockoff tablets that have been churning off assembly lines.[..]

Forrester says its definition of tablets «is relatively narrow» while IDC says it includes some tablets by Amazon — but not all.[..]

The top tech purchase of the year continued to be the smartphone, with an expected 1.5 billion sold worldwide, according to projections from researcher IDC. Last year saw some 1.2 billion sold.[..]

Computers didn’t fare as well, despite the introduction of Microsoft’s latest software upgrade, Windows 10, and the expected but not realized bump it would provide for consumers looking to skip the upgrade and just get a new computer instead.

Some 281 million PCs were expected to be sold, according to IDC, down from 308 million in 2014. Folks tend to be happy with the older computers and keep them for longer, as more of our daily computing activities have moved to the smartphone.[..]

While Windows 10 got good reviews from tech critics, only 11% of the 1-billion-plus Windows user base opted to do the upgrade, according to Microsoft. This suggests Microsoft has a ways to go before the software gets «hit» status. Apple’s new operating system El Capitan has been downloaded by 25% of Apple’s user base, according to Apple.

This conflicts with statistics from IDC that say the tablet market contracted by 10% in 2015 with only Huawei, ranked fifth, with big gains, more than doubling their share; for fourth quarter 2015, the five biggest vendors were the same except that Amazon Fire tablets ranked third worldwide, new on the list, enabled by its not quite tripling of market share to 7.9%, with its Fire OS Android-derivative.[37]

Global tablet shipments[a]

Source Year Android iOS Windows Others
Strategy Analytics[38] Q2 2022 49% 38% 11% 2%
Statista[39] 2020 59.4% 29.8% 10.21% 0.59%
Strategy Analytics[40] 2015 68% 22% 10% <0.1%
Gartner[41] 2013 61.9% 36.0% 2.1% <0.1%
Gartner[41] 2012 45.8% 52.8% 1.0% 0.3%

Gartner excludes some devices from their tablet shipment statistic and includes them in a different category called «premium ultramobiles» with screen sizes of more than 10″ inches.[42]

Smartphone shipments[edit]

Worldwide smartphone sales to end users by operating systems, as measured by Gartner, International Data Corporation (IDG) and others:

Smartphone shipments by OS

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
Statista[43] based on page views per month worldwide 2022 Q4 71.1% 28.3% N/A N/A N/A 0.6%
Gartner[44] Units sold in quarter 2018 Q1 85.9% 14.1% N/A N/A N/A 0.0%
Gartner[45] Units sold per year 2017 85.9% 14.0% N/A N/A N/A 0.1%
Gartner[46] Units sold in quarter 2017 Q1 86.1% 13.7% N/A N/A N/A 0.2%
Gartner[47] Units sold per year 2016 84.8% 14.4% N/A N/A N/A 0.8%
Gartner[48] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q4 81.7% 17.9% 0.3% 0.0% N/A 0.1%
Gartner[49] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q3 87.8% 11.5% 0.4% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[50] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q2 86.2% 12.9% 0.6% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[51] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q1 84.1% 14.8% 0.7% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[52] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q4 80.7% 17.7% 1.1% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[53] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q2 82.2% 14.6% 2.5% 0.3% N/A 0.4%
Gartner[54] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q4 76.0% 20.4% 2.8% 0.5% N/A 0.4%
Strategy Analytics[55] Units shipped in quarter 2014 Q3 81.3% 13.4% 4.1% 1.0% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[56] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q2 83.8% 12.2% 2.8% 0.7% N/A 0.5%
Gartner[57] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q2 79.0% 14.2% 3.3% 2.7% 0.3% 0.6%
Gartner[58] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q1 74.4% 18.2% 2.9% 3.0% 0.6% 1.0%
International Data Corporation[59] Units shipped in quarter 2013 Q1 75.0% 17.3% 3.2% 2.9% 0.6% 0.0%

World Wide Smartphone Sales.png

Web clients[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)
Web clients’ OS family statistics
Android (or based on) 42.67%
Windows 29.56%
Apple’s iOS 17.38%
Apple’s macOS 6.07%
Unknown 2.04%
Other 1.25%
Linux 0.98%
Web clients’ OS family market share according to StatCounter for April 2022.[60]
The information on web clients is obtained from user agent information obtained through JavaScript code run by web browsers supplied to web servers. «Unknown» is probably mostly Windows operating systems.[citation needed] These figures have a large margin of error for a variety of reasons. For a discussion on the shortcomings see usage share of web browsers.

The most recent data from various sources published during the last twelve months is summarized in the table below. All of these sources monitor a substantial number of web sites; statistics related to one web site only are excluded.

Android currently ranks highest,[61] above Windows (incl. Xbox console) systems. Windows Phone accounted for 0.51% of the web usage, before it was discontinued.[62]

Considering all personal computing devices, Microsoft Windows is well below 50% usage share on every continent, and at 30% in the US (24% single-day low) and in many countries lower, e.g. China, and in India at 19% (12% some days) and Windows’ lowest share globally was 29% in May 2022 (25% some days), and 29% in the US.[63]

iOS is slightly more popular than Windows in the US, and has been more used the last 6 months, on a monthly average basis,[64] or for up to 11 weeks in a row (weekly average).[65] That’s because it’s much more popular on the weekends, while Windows usually more used on weekdays. iOS has however been more used for up to almost 2 weeks, every day of that time-span, and even on some days, such as 29 May 2022, Android is also more used than Windows meaning iOS and Android are up to 2.6× more used than Windows there.[66] Worldwide, Android at 43.23% is 48% more used than Windows, next at 29.2%, and iOS third at 17.67% meaning the mobile operating systems Android and iOS are combined a bit over 2× more popular then Windows. In Africa, Android at 62.66% (for May alone is 3.3× (almost 4× with iOS) than Windows at 18.81 (and iOS third at 10.74%).[67] For a 12-month average Android is only 2.1× more popular than Windows in Africa.

Before iOS became the most popular operating system in any independent country, it was most popular in Guam, an unincorporated territory of the United States, for four consecutive quarters in 2017-18,[68][69] although Android is now the most popular there.[70] iOS has been the highest ranked OS in Jersey (a British Crown dependency in Europe) for years, by a wide margin, and iOS was also highest ranked in Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory, for one quarter in 2019, before being overtaken by Android in the following quarter.[71][72] iOS is competitive with Windows in Sweden, where some days it is more used.[73]

The designation of an «Unknown» operating system is strangely high in a few countries such as Madagascar where it was at 32.44% (no longer near as high).[74] This may be due to the fact that StatCounter uses browser detection to get OS statistics, and there the most common browsers are not often used. The version breakdown for browsers in Madagascar shows «Other» at 34.9%,[75] and Opera Mini 4.4 is the most popular known browser at 22.1% (plus e.g. 3.34% for Opera 7.6). However browser statistics without version-breakdown has Opera at 48.11% with the «Other» category very small.[76][clarification needed]

In China, Android got to be the highest ranked operating system in July 2016 (Windows has occasionally topped it since then, while since April 2016 it or all non-mobile operating systems haven’t outranked mobile operating systems, meaning Android plus iOS).[77] In the Asian continent as a whole, Android has been ranked highest since February 2016 and Android alone has the majority share,[78] because of a large majority in all the most populous countries of the continent, up to 84% in Bangladesh, where it has had over 70% share for over four years.[79] Since August 2015, Android is ranked first, at 48.36% in May 2016, in the African continent – when it took a big jump ahead of Windows 7,[80] and thereby Africa joined Asia as a mobile-majority continent. China is no longer a desktop-majority country,[81] joining India, which has a mobile-majority of 71%, confirming Asia’s significant mobile-majority.

Online usage of Linux kernel derivatives (Android + ChromeOS + other Linux) exceeds that of Windows. This has been true since some time between January and April 2016, according to W3Counter[82] and StatCounter.[83]
However, even before that, the figure for all Unix-like OSes, including those from Apple, was higher than that for Windows.

Source Date Microsoft Windows (kernel): Decrease Apple Darwin:
Increase 		Linux kernel: Increase Others:[b]
10 8/8.1 7 Vista XP WP&RT Other macOS iOS Linux Android Other
W3Counter[84] Oct 2022 Decrease 19.23% N/A Decrease 3.4% N/A N/A N/A N/A Decrease 4.03% Increase 19.23% N/A Increase 45.18% N/A N/A
W3Counter[85] Oct

2020

Increase

20.55%

N/A -1.59

6.74%

N/A N/A N/A N/A Increase

8.06%

Increase

13.67%

N/A Decrease

37.44%

N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2019 Increase16.23% N/A Increase14.32% N/A N/A N/A N/A Increase3.58% Increase13.54 N/A Decrease38.76% N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2018 -2.3311.14 N/A -1.5912.29% N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.702.80% -1.0810.68% N/A +8.8053.21% N/A N/A
W3Counter[87] Dec 2016 -1.4313.79 -0.644.54% -0.3118.45% N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.444.45% -0.0812.60% +0.663.8% +6.5634.37% N/A -1.078%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Mar 2017 -0.0612.98% -0.174.57% -0.3617.84% -0.030.41% -0.062.07% 0% 00.06% -0.65.17% +0.1013.09% -0.020.75% +0.5137.93% 00.76% +0.457.21%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Dec 2016 -0.1512.5% -0.254.79% -0.7618% -0.060.46% -0.072.24% -0.020.64% 00.09% -0.34.92% +0.4312.71% 00.86% +1.5237.8% +0.010.72% -0.374.61%
StatCounter Global Stats[89] Oct 2016 -0.1812.08% -0.225.21% -0.8218.97% -0.020.6% -0.32.44% -0.160.7% +0.010.05% -0.235.3% +0.1712.04% -0.090.85% +1.6234.46% -0.010.63% -0.266.67%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] May 2016 0.6910.27% -0.646.68% -1.5822.25% -0.060.73% -0.553.44% +0.020.83% -0.020.8% -0.045.05% +0.2611.38% -0.080.91% +1.731.6% 0.20.64% 0.316.15%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] Dec 2015 0.846.67% -0.618.5% -1.3526.66% -0.911.0% -0.114.75% +0.030.92% +0.010.2% +0.185.51% +0.1210.82% +0.051.03% +0.6727.01% 00.36% 6.57%
Wikimedia[91] Dec 2016 14.0% 4.65% 18.0% 0.43% 1.70% 0.93% 0.50% 5.4% 19.0% 0.80% 23.0% 0.30% 11.29%

Desktop and laptop computers[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (October 2018)

Windows is still the dominant desktop OS, but the dominance varies by region and it has gradually lost market share to other desktop operating systems (not just to mobile) with the slide very noticeable in the US, where macOS usage has more than quadrupled from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2020 to 30.62% (i.e. in Christmas month; and 34.72% in April 2020 in the middle of COVID-19, and iOS was more popular overall that year;[93] globally Windows lost to Android that year,[94] as for the two years prior), with Windows down to 61.136% and ChromeOS at 5.46%, plus traditional Linux at 1.73%.[95]

There is little openly published information on the device shipments of desktop and laptop computers. Gartner publishes estimates, but the way the estimates are calculated is not openly published. Another source of market share of various operating systems is StatCounter[96] basing its estimate on web use (although this may not be very accurate). Also, sales may overstate usage. Most computers are sold with a pre-installed operating system, with some users replacing that OS with a different one due to personal preference, or installing another OS alongside it and using both. Conversely, sales underestimate usage by not counting unauthorized copies. For example, in 2009, approximately 80% of software sold in China consisted of illegitimate copies.[97] In 2007, the statistics from an automated update of IE7 for registered Windows computers differed with the observed web browser share, leading one writer to estimate that 25–35% of all Windows XP installations were unlicensed.[98]

The usage share of Microsoft’s (then latest operating system) Windows 10 has slowly increased since July/August 2016, reaching around 27.15% (of all Windows versions, not all desktop or all operating systems) in December 2016. It eventually reached 79.79% on 5 October 2021, the same day on which its successor Windows 11 was released.

Web analysis shows significant variation in different parts of the world. For example, macOS use varies a lot by region, in North America claims 16.82%[99] (17.52%[100] in the US) whereas in Asia it is only 4.4%.[101] In the United States usage of Windows XP has dropped to 0.38% (of all Windows versions), and its global average to 0.59%, while in Africa it is still at 2.71%, and it still has double-digit share in at least one country.[102]

Since mid-2020, the world uses smartphones more than desktop (including laptop) computers.[103][104][105] For global statistics it’s every day of the week. It has also happened for all individual continents (at least for some weeks, and also for the United States[106][107][108][109] where the smartphone share has gone up to 54%, both on July 9, 2019, a Sunday,[110] and also that high in 2021). The proportions do vary widely by region (more so than by the day), e.g. in Africa the smartphone share is highest at 69%, in Asia at 65% and in South America at 50.19%, while in the United States it’s at 46% and desktop at 50%. On some continents, e.g. North America and the US, smartphone use may only go over 50% on weekends, since smartphones usage increases on weekends,[111][112][113][114] while the smartphone share has gone up to 54% for a single day (Thanksgiving), and on average over 50% for full week.[115][116]

  Smartphones (58.01%)

  Desktops/Laptops (39.49%)

  Tablets (2.46%)

  Console (0.06%)

The 2019 Stack Overflow developer survey provides no detail about particular versions of Windows. The desktop operating system share among those identifying as professional developers was:[117]

  • Windows: 45.3%
  • macOS: 29.2%
  • Linux: 25.3%
  • BSD/Unix: 0.1%

Microsoft data on Windows usage[edit]

In June 2016, Microsoft claimed Windows 10 had half the market share of all Windows installations in the US and UK, as quoted by BetaNews:

Microsoft’s Windows trends page [shows] Windows 10 hit 50 percent in the US (51 percent in the UK, 39 percent globally), while … Windows 7 was on 38 percent (36 percent in the UK, 46 percent globally).
A big reason for the difference in numbers comes down to how they are recorded. … actual OS usage (based on web browsing), while Microsoft records the number of devices Windows 10 is installed on. … Microsoft also only records Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10, while NetMarketShare includes both XP and Vista.

— BetaNews[118]

Desktop computer games[edit]

The digital video game distribution platform Steam publishes a monthly «Hardware & Software Survey», with the statistics below:

Month Microsoft Windows Mac OS† Linux† Other
December 2022[119] 96.15% 2.48% 1.38%
December 2021 96.19% 2.70% 1.11%
December 2020[119] 96.41% 2.82% 0.78%
December 2019[120] 96.89% 2.47% 0.67%
January 2019[121] 95.92% 3.27% 0.82%
January 2018[122] 98.38% 1.31% 0.25%
January 2017[123] 95.79% 3.31% 0.80%
January 2016[124] 95.39% 3.55% 0.95%
January 2015[125] 95.48% 3.32% 1.09%
January 2014[126] 94.93% 3.47% 0.86% 0.74%

^† These figures, as reported by Steam, do not include SteamOS statistics.[127]

Mobile devices[edit]

Smartphones OS by usage[edit]

By Q1 2018, mobile operating systems on smartphones included Google’s dominant Android (and variants) and Apple’s iOS which combined had an almost 100% market share.[128]

Smartphone penetration vs. desktop use differs substantially by country. Some countries, like Russia, still have smartphone use as low as 22.35% (as a fraction of all web use),[129] but in most western countries, smartphone use is close to 50% of all web use. This doesn’t mean that only half of the population has a smartphone, could mean almost all have, just that other platforms have about equal use. Smartphone usage share in developing countries is much higher – in Bangladesh, for example, Android smartphones had up to 84% and currently 70% share,[79] and in Mali smartphones had over 90% (up to 95%) share for almost two years.[130][131] (A section below has more information on regional trends on the move to smartphones.)

There is a clear correlation between the GDP per capita of a country and that country’s respective smartphone OS market share, with users in the richest countries being much more likely to choose Apple’s iPhone, with Google’s Android being predominant elsewhere.[132][133][134]

Global mobile OS web usage[c]

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
StatCounter Global Stats[135] Browsing (page view) 2021, Oct 71.09% 28.21% 0.01% N/A N/A 0.69%
StatCounter Global Stats[136] Browsing (page view) 2020, Oct 72.93% 26.53% 0.03% N/A N/A 0.51%
StatCounter Global Stats Browsing (page view) 2019, Sep 76.24% 22.48% 0.17% 0.02% 0.02% 1.07%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2015, Mar 61.94% 22.64% 2.27% NA 6.00% 7.09%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2014, Aug 54.87% 23.57% 2.36% 1.59% 9.73% 7.87%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2014, Feb 47.57% 22.97% 2.22% 2.62% 14.86% 6.08%
Wikimedia (includes tablets)[d] Browsing (page view) 2013, Mar 25.93% 66.53% 1.85% 2.02% 3.03% 1.12%
United States mobile OS web usage

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
comScore[138] (US only) US subscribers 2017, Jan 52.0% 43.9% 1.5% 0.5% N/A N/A
comScore[139] (US only) US subscribers 2016, Jan 52.8% 43.6% 2.7% 0.8% N/A N/A
comScore[140] (US only) US subscribers 2015, Jan 53.2% 41.3% 3.6% 1.8% 0.1% N/A
comScore[141] (US only) US subscribers 2014, Jan 51.7% 41.6% 3.2% 3.1% 0.2% N/A
comScore[142] (US only) US subscribers 2012, Feb 50.1% 30.2% 3.9% 13.4% 1.5% N/A
comScore[143] (US only) US subscribers 2010, Dec 28.7% 25.0% 8.4% 31.6% N/A 3.7%

Tablet computers OS by usage[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till mid-2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

Tablet computers, or simply tablets, became a significant OS market share category starting with Apple’s iPad. In Q1 2018, iOS had 65.03% market share and Android had 34.58% market share.[144] Windows tablets may not get classified as such by some analysts, and thus barely register; e.g. 2-in-1 PCs may get classified as «desktops», not tablets.

Since 2016, in South America (and Cuba[145] in North America), Android tablets have gained majority,[146] and in Asia in 2017 Android was slightly more popular than the iPad, which was at 49.05% usage share in October 2015.[147][148][149] In Africa, Android tablets are much more popular while elsewhere the iPad has a safe margin.

As of March 2015, Android has made steady gains to becoming the most popular tablet operating system:[150] that is the trend in many countries, having already gained the majority in large countries (India at 63.25%,[151] and in Indonesia at 62.22%[152]) and in the African continent with Android at 62.22% (first to gain Android majority in late 2014),[153] with steady gains from 20.98% in August 2012[154] (Egypt at 62.37%,[155] Zimbabwe at 62.04%[155]), and South America at 51.09% in July 2015.[156] (Peru at 52.96%[157]). Asia is at 46%.[158] In Nepal, Android gained majority lead in November 2014 but lost it down to 41.35% with iOS at 56.51%.[159] In Taiwan, as of October 2016, Android after having gained a confident majority, has been on a losing streak.[160] China is a major exception to Android gaining market share in Asia (there Android phablets are much more popular than Android tablets, while similar devices get classified as smartphones) where the iPad/iOS is at 82.84% in March 2015.[161]

Global tablet web usage

Source Month iOS Android Windows Others
StatCounter[162] Oct 2020 58.86% 41.02% 0.08% 0.04%
StatCounter[163] Dec 2019 63.11% 36.65% 0.15% 0.09%
StatCounter[164] Jul 2018 65.03% 34.58% 0.21% 0.18%
StatCounter[165] Jul 2015 65.51% 31.36% 0.78% 2.93%
StatCounter[166] Feb 2015 66.47% 29.6% 1.16% 2.73%
StatCounter[167] Oct 2014 71.67% 25.62% 0.08% 2.63%

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones are more popular than desktop computers globally (and Android in particular more popular than Windows). Including tablets with mobiles/smartphones, as they also run so-called mobile operating systems, even in the United States (and most countries) are mobiles including tablets more popular than other (older originally made for desktops) operating systems (such as Windows and macOS). Windows in the US (at 33.42%) has only 8% head-start (2.55-percentage points) over iOS only; with Android, that mobile operating system and iOS have 52.14% majority.[168] Alternatively, Apple, with iOS plus their non-mobile macOS (9.33%) has 20% more share (6.7-percentage points more) than Microsoft’s Windows in the country where both companies were built.

Although desktop computers are still popular in many countries (while overall down to 44.9% in the first quarter of 2017[169]), smartphones are more popular even in many developed countries. A few countries on all continents are desktop-minority with Android more popular than Windows; many, e.g. Poland in Europe, and about half of the countries in South America, and many in North America, e.g. Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti; up to most countries in Asia and Africa[170] with smartphone-majority because of Android, Poland and Turkey in Europe highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%.[171][172] Spain was also slightly desktop-minority. As of July 2019, Sweden had been desktop-minority for eight weeks in a row.[173]

The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes «India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet»[174] (of the big countries) where the share is around (or over) 80%[175] and desktop is at 19.56%, with Russia trailing with 17.8% mobile use (and desktop the rest).

Smartphones (discounting tablets), first gained majority in December 2016 (desktop-majority was lost the month before),[where?] and it wasn’t a Christmas-time fluke, as while close to majority after smartphone majority happened again in March 2017.[176][clarification needed]

In the week of 7–13 November 2016, smartphones alone (without tablets) overtook desktop for the first time, albeit for a short period.[177] Examples of mobile-majority countries include Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey and most of Asia and Africa. Some of the world is still desktop-majority, with for example the United States at 54.89% (but not on all days).[178] However, in some territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico,[179] desktop is significantly under majority, with Windows just under 25%, overtaken by Android.

On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile showed majority.[180] Since 27 October, the desktop hasn’t had a majority, including on weekdays. Smartphones alone have showed majority since 23 December to the end of the year, with the share topping at 58.22% on Christmas Day.[181] To the «mobile»-majority share of smartphones, tablets could be added giving a 63.22% majority. While an unusually high top, a similar high also occurred on Monday 17 April 2017, with the smartphone share slightly lower and tablet share slightly higher, combining to 62.88%.

Formerly, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[182] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month, but mobile wasn’t ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to it to exceed desktop share.

For the Christmas season (i.e. temporarily, while desktop-minority remains and smartphone-majority on weekends[183][184]), the last two weeks in December 2016, Australia (and Oceania in general)[185] was desktop-minority for the first time for an extended period, i.e. every day from 23 December.[186]

In South America, smartphones alone took majority from desktops on Christmas Day,[184] but for a full-week-average, desktop is still at least at 58%.[187]

The UK desktop-minority dropped down to 44.02% on Christmas Day and for the eight days to the end of the year.[188] Ireland joined some other European countries with smartphone-majority, for three days after Christmas, topping that day at 55.39%.[189][190]

In the US, desktop-minority happened for three days on and around Christmas (while a longer four-day stretch happened in November, and happens frequently on weekends).[191]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), in the week from 7–13 November 2016, «mobile» (meaning smartphones) alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the first time, with them highest ranked at 52.13% (on 27 November 2016)[192] or up to 49.02% for a full week.[193][194] Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey; and the continents Asia and Africa. Large regions of the rest of the world are still desktop-majority, while on some days, the United States,[195] (and North America as a whole)[196] isn’t; the US is desktop-minority up to four days in a row,[197] and up to a five-day average.[198] Other examples, of desktop-minority on some days, include the UK,[196] Ireland,[199] Australia[200] (and Oceania as a whole); in fact, at least one country on every continent[201][202][203] has turned desktop-minority (for at least a month). On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile has shown majority.[204]

Previously, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[205] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month,[206][207] with desktop-minority stretching up to an 18-weeks/4-months period from 28 June to 31 October 2016,[208][209] while whole of July, August or September 2016, showed desktop-majority (and many other long sub-periods in the long stretch showed desktop-minority; similarly only Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays are desktop-minority). The biggest continents, Asia and Africa, have shown vast mobile-majority for long time (any day of the week), as well as several individual countries elsewhere have also turned mobile-majority: Poland, Albania (and Turkey)[210] in Europe and Paraguay and Bolivia[211] in South America.[212]

According to StatCounter’s web use statistics, Saturday 28 May 2016, was the day when smartphones («mobile» at StatCounter, that now counts tablets separately) became a most used platform, ranking first, at 47.27%, above desktops.[213][214] The next day, desktops slightly outnumbered «mobile» (unless counting tablets: some analysts count tablets with smartphones or separately while others with desktops – even when most tablets are iPad or Android, not Windows devices).[215]

Since Sunday 27 March 2016, the first day the world dipped to desktop-minority,[216] it has happened almost every week, and by week of 11–17 July 2016, the world was desktop-minority,[217] followed by the next week, and thereon also for a three-week period.[218] The trend is still stronger on weekends, with e.g. 17 July 2016 showed desktop at 44.67%, «mobile» at 49.5% plus tablets at 5.7%.[219] Recent weekly data shows a downward trend for desktops.[220][221]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for overall use), on weekends desktops worldwide lose about 5 percent points, e.g. down to 51.46% on 15 August 2015, with the loss in (relative) web use going to mobile (and also a minuscule increase for tablets),[222] mostly because Windows 7, ranked 1st on workdays, declines in web use, with it shifting to Android and lesser degree to iOS.[223]

Two continents, have already crossed over to mobile-majority (because of Android), based on StatCounters web use statistics. In June 2015, Asia became the first continent where mobile overtook desktop[224] (followed by Africa in August;[225] while Nigeria had mobile majority in October 2011,[226][227] because of Symbian – that later had 51% share, then Series 40 dominating, followed by Android as dominating operating system[228]) and as far back as October 2014, they had reported this trend on a large scale in a press release: «Mobile usage has already overtaken desktop in several countries including India, South Africa and Saudi Arabia».[229] In India, desktop went from majority, in July 2012, down to 32%.[230] In Bangladesh desktop went from majority, in May 2013, down to 17%, with Android alone now accounting for majority web use.[231] Only a few African countries were still desktop-majority[232] and many have a large mobile majority including Ethiopia and Kenya, where mobile usage is over 72%.[233]

The popularity of mobile use worldwide has been driven by the huge popularity increase of Android in Asian countries, where Android is the highest ranked operating system statistically in virtually every south-east Asian country,[234] while it also ranks most popular in almost every African country. Poland has been desktop-minority since April 2015,[235] because of Android being vastly more popular there,[236] and other European countries, such as Albania (and Turkey), have also crossed over. The South America continent is somewhat far from losing desktop-majority, but Paraguay had lost it as of March 2015.[237] Android and mobile browsing in general has also become hugely popular in all other continents where desktop has a large desktop base and the trend to mobile is not as clear as a fraction of the total web use.

While some analysts count tablets with desktops (as some of them run Windows), others count them with mobile phones (as the vast majority of tablets run so-called mobile operating systems, such as Android or iOS on the iPad). iPad has a clear lead globally, but has clearly lost the majority to Android in South America,[238] and a number of Eastern European countries such as Poland; lost virtually all African countries and has lost the majority twice in Asia, but gained the majority back (while many individual countries, e.g. India and most of the middle East have clear Android majority on tablets).[239] Android on tablets is thus second most popular after the iPad.[240]

In March 2015, for the first time in the US the number of mobile-only adult internet users exceeded the number of desktop-only internet users with 11.6% of the digital population only using mobile compared to 10.6% only using desktop; this also means the majority, 78%, use both desktop and mobile to access the internet.[241] A few smaller countries in North America, such as Haiti (because of Android) have gone mobile majority (mobile went to up to 72.35%, and is at 64.43% in February 2016).[242]

Revenue[edit]

The region with the largest Android usage[61] also has the largest mobile revenue.[243]

Mobile app revenue (US$bn)

2020[244]
Asia Pacific $85.3B
North and South America $74.5B
Europe, Middle East, and Africa $29.1B

Public servers on the Internet[edit]

Internet based servers’ market share can be measured with statistical surveys of publicly accessible servers, such as web servers, mail servers[245] or DNS servers on the Internet: the operating systems powering such servers are found by inspecting raw response messages. This method gives insight only into market share of operating systems that are publicly accessible on the Internet.

There will be differences in the result depending on how the sample is done and observations weighted. Usually the surveys are not based on a random sample of all IP addresses, domain names, hosts or organisations, but on servers found by some other method.[citation needed] Additionally, many domains and IP addresses may be served by one host and some domains may be served by several hosts or by one host with several IP addresses.

Source Date Unix, Unix-like Microsoft Windows References
W3Techs 14 July 2022 80.1% 20.1% [246][247]
Security Space Feb 2014 <79.3% >20.7% [248][249]
Note
W3Techs checked the top ten million web servers daily from June 2013, but W3Techs’s definition of «website» differs a bit from Alexa’s definition; the «top 10 million» websites are actually fewer than 10 million. W3Techs claims that these differences «have no statistical significance».[250]
Note
Revenue comparisons often include «operating system software, other bundled software»[251] and are not appropriate for usage comparison as the Linux operating system costs nothing (including «other bundled software»), except if optionally using commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (in that case, cost of software for all software bundled with hardware has to be known for all operating systems involved, and subtracted). In cases where no-cost Linux is used, such comparisons underestimate Linux server popularity and overestimate other proprietary operating systems such as Unix and Windows.

Mainframes[edit]

Mainframes are larger and more powerful than servers, but not supercomputers. They are used to process large sets of data, for example enterprise resource planning or credit card transactions.

The most common operating system for mainframes is IBM’s z/OS.[citation needed] Operating systems for IBM Z generation hardware include IBM’s proprietary z/OS,[252] Linux on IBM Z, z/TPF, z/VSE and z/VM.

Gartner reported on 23 December 2008, that Linux on System z was used on approximately 28% of the «customer z base» and that they expected this to increase to over 50% in the following five years.[253] Of Linux on IBM Z, Red Hat and Micro Focus compete to sell RHEL and SLES respectively:

  • Prior to 2006, Novell claimed a market share of 85% or more for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
  • Red Hat has since claimed 18.4% in 2007 and 37% in 2008.[254]
  • Gartner reported at the end of 2008 that Novell’s SUSE Linux Enterprise Server had an 80% share of mainframe Linux.[253][dead link]

Decline[edit]

Like today’s trend of mobile devices from personal computers,[241] in 1984 for the first time estimated sales of desktop computers ($11.6 billion) exceeded mainframe computers ($11.4 billion). IBM received the vast majority of mainframe revenue.[255]

From 1991 to 1996, AT&T Corporation briefly owned NCR, one of the major original mainframe producers. During the same period, companies found that servers based on microcomputer designs could be deployed at a fraction of the acquisition price and offer local users much greater control over their own systems given the IT policies and practices at that time. Terminals used for interacting with mainframe systems were gradually replaced by personal computers. Consequently, demand plummeted and new mainframe installations were restricted mainly to financial services and government. In the early 1990s, there was a rough consensus among industry analysts that the mainframe was a dying market as mainframe platforms were increasingly replaced by personal computer networks.[256]

In 2012, NASA powered down its last mainframe, an IBM System z9.[257] However, IBM’s successor to the z9, the z10, led a New York Times reporter to state four years earlier that «mainframe technology—hardware, software and services—remains a large and lucrative business for IBM, and mainframes are still the back-office engines behind the world’s financial markets and much of global commerce».[258] As of 2010, while mainframe technology represented less than 3% of IBM’s revenues, it «continue[d] to play an outsized role in Big Blue’s results».[259]

Supercomputers[edit]

Sierra helps to assure the safety, reliability and effectiveness of the United States’ nuclear weapons.

The TOP500 project lists and ranks the 500 fastest supercomputers for which benchmark results are submitted. Since the early 1990s, the field of supercomputers has been dominated by Unix or Unix-like operating systems, and starting in 2017, every top 500 fastest supercomputer uses Linux as its supercomputer operating system.

The last supercomputer to rank #1 while using an operating system other than Linux was ASCI White, which ran AIX. It held the title from November 2000 to November 2001,[260] and was decommissioned in 2006. Then in June 2017, two AIX computers held rank 493 and 494,[261] the last non-Linux systems before they dropped off the list.

Supercomputer OS family – 1993–2021 systems share according to TOP500[262]

Historically all kinds of Unix operating systems dominated, and in the end ultimately Linux remains.

[edit]

Category Source Date Linux UNIX and Unix-like (not incl. Linux) Windows In‑house Other
Desktop, laptop Net Applications[263] Apr 2020 2.87% (excl. ChromeOS) plus 0.4% ChromeOS 9.75% (macOS) 86.92% (all versions) 0.06%
Embedded[e] EE Times[264] Mar 2019 38.42% (embedded Linux, Ubuntu, Android, other) 2.82% (QNX, LynxOS) 10.73% (Windows 10, Windows Embedded Compact) 10.73% 37.30%
Mainframe Gartner[254] Dec 2008 28% (SLES, RHEL) 72% (z/OS)[f]
Server (web) W3Techs[265] Sep 2021 Likely 77.4% (39.8% confirmed)[g] (Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, Gentoo, RHEL, …)[266] Less than 1% is confirmed to be UNIX or Unix-like and non-Linux. The top operating systems in order are: 0.3% BSD (97.8% of which is FreeBSD),[267] <0.1% Darwin,[268] <0.1% HP-UX,[269] <0.1% Solaris,[270] and <0.1% Minix.[271][g] 22.7% (Windows Server 2019, WS2016, WS2012, WS2008)
Microsoft’s own webserver runs 6.6% of websites.[272]
Smartphone, tablet StatCounter Global Stats[273] Apr 2020 70.80% (Android, KaiOS) 28.79% (iOS) 0.07% 0.34%
Supercomputer TOP500[274] Nov 2019 100% (Custom)

See also[edit]

  • Comparison of operating systems
  • List of operating systems
  • Timeline of operating systems
  • Usage share of web browsers
  • Mobile OS market share

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ «Shipments refer to sell-in», that is, wholesale.
  2. ^ The ‘Others’ column is obtained by summing all percentage data and subtracting from 100%.
  3. ^ Table is only showing mobile OS market share – not the overall market share.
  4. ^ Wikimedia Foundation statistics consider tablets as part of the mobile OS market share.
  5. ^ Embedded is a vast category, which has subcategories that include automotive, avionics, health, medical equipment, consumer electronics, intelligent homes, and telecommunications. The aggregated information above may be very different for each subcategory taken separately.
  6. ^ z/OS’s UNIX environment coexists with its native environment, which dates back to OS/360.
  7. ^ a b «UNIX and Unix-like (including Linux)» represents 77.4% of the total web server/website market share however 48.2% of that market share does not show «more specifically» which operating system.

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Источник

The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because data about operating system share is difficult to obtain. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its collection. Operating systems are used in numerous device types, from embedded devices without a screen through to supercomputers.

Most device types that people interact with access the web, so using web access statistics helps compare the usage share of operating systems across most device types, and also the usage share of operating systems used for the same types.

As of November 2022, Android, an operating system using the Linux kernel, is the world’s most-used operating system when judged by web use. It has 42% of the global market, followed by Windows with 30%, Apple iOS with 18%, macOS with 6%, then (desktop) Linux at 1.0% also using the Linux kernel.[1][2] These numbers do not include embedded devices or game consoles.

  • For smartphones and other pocket-sized devices, Android leads with 71% market share, and Apple’s iOS has 28%.[3]
  • For desktop and laptop computers, Windows is the most used at 76%, followed by Apple’s macOS at 16%, and Linux-based operating systems at 5% (i.e. «desktop Linux» at 2.6%, plus Google’s ChromeOS at 2.4%, in the US up to 6.2%).[4]
  • For tablets, Apple’s iPadOS has 50.7% and Android has 49.18% worldwide[5] (Android is though more used in vast majority of countries;[6] and on occational days Android measures ahead or even, globally[7]).

For the above devices, smartphones and other pocket-sized devices make up 58%, desktops and laptops 40%, and tablets 2.0%.[8] Smartphones have the most use in virtually all countries, including in the US at 51% there with PC operating systems (including Windows) down to 46%.[9][10]

  • Linux has completely dominated the supercomputer field since 2017, with all of the top 500 most powerful supercomputers in the world running a Linux distribution. Linux is also most used for (web) servers, and then most often Ubuntu used, the most common Linux distribution.

The most numerous type of device with an operating system are embedded systems. These use varied operating systems; a high percentage are standalone or do not have a web browser, which makes their usage share difficult to measure. Hypothetically some operating systems used in embedded systems are more popular than the ones mentioned above.

Worldwide device shipments[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)

In May 2020, Gartner predicted a decline in all market segments for 2020 (from already declining market in 2019) due to COVID-19, predicting a decline by 13.6% for all devices, while «Work from Home Trend Saved PC Market from Collapse», with them only predicting to decline by 10.5% for PCs. However, in the end according to Gartner, PC shipments grew «10.7% in Fourth Quarter of 2020 and […] reached 275 million units in 2020, a 4.8% increase from 2019 and the highest growth in ten years.» Apple in 4th place for PCs had the largest growth in shipments for a company in Q4 of 31.3%, while «the fourth quarter of 2020 was another remarkable period of growth for Chromebooks, with shipments increasing around 200% year over year to reach 11.7 million units. In 2020, Chromebook shipments increased over 80% to total nearly 30 million units, largely due to demand from the North American education market.»[12] Chromebooks sold more than Apple’s Macs worldwide.

According to Gartner, the following is the worldwide device shipments (referring to wholesale) by operating system, which includes smartphones, tablets, laptops and PCs together.

Worldwide device shipments by Operating System

Source Year Android iOS/macOS Windows Others
Gartner[13] 2019 (2.161 bln)
Gartner[14] 2017 (2.278 bln)
Gartner[15] 2016 (2.332 bln) 10.63% (248 mln) 11.2% (260 mln)
Gartner[11] 2015 (2.4 bln) 54.16% (1.3 bln) 12.37% (297 mln)

macOS = 1%

11.79% (283 mln) 21.66%
Gartner[16] 2014 48.61% 11.04% 14.0% 26.34%
Gartner[17] 2013 38.51% 10.12% 13.98% 37.41%
Gartner[18] 2012 22.8% 9.6% 15.62% 51.98%

Shipments (to stores) do not mean sales to consumers (not necessarily in the year of shipment), therefore suggesting the numbers indicate popularity and/or usage could be misleading. Not only do smartphones sell in higher numbers than traditional PCs – but also as a whole a lot more, by dollar value – with the gap only projected to widen, to well over double.[19]

For 2015 (and earlier), Gartner reports for «the year, worldwide PC shipments declined for the fourth consecutive year, which started in 2012 with the launch of tablets» with an 8% decline in PC sales for 2015 (not including cumulative decline in sales over the previous years).[20] Gartner includes Macs (running macOS) in PC sales numbers (but not e.g. iPads and Androids), and they individually had a slight increase in sales in 2015.

On 28 May 2015, Google announced that there were 1.4 billion Android users and 1 billion Google play users active during that month.[21][22] This changed to 2 billion monthly active users in May 2017.[23][24]

On 27 January 2016, Paul Thurrott summarized the operating system market, the day after Apple announced «one billion devices»:

Apple’s «active installed base» is now one billion devices. [..] Granted, some of those Apple devices were probably sold into the market place years ago. But that 1 billion figure can and should be compared to the numbers Microsoft touts for Windows 10 (200 million, most recently) or Windows more generally (1.5 billion active users, a number that hasn’t moved, magically, in years), and that Google touts for Android (over 1.4 billion, as of September).
My understanding of iOS is that the user base was previously thought to be around 800 million strong, and when you factor out Macs and other non-iOS Apple devices, that’s probably about right. But as you can see, there are three big personal computing platforms.

— Paul Thurrott[25]

Microsoft backed away from their goal of one billion Windows 10 devices in three years (or «by the middle of 2018»)[26] and reported on 26 September 2016 that Windows 10 was running on over 400 million devices,[27] and in March 2019 on more than 800 million.[28]

By late 2016, Android had been explained to be «killing» Apple’s iOS market share (i.e. its declining sales of smartphones, not just relatively but also by number of units, when the whole market is increasing) with

the gap between the two is growing ever larger all the time.

According to Gartner, Android now boasts a global market share of 86.2 percent. Apple’s iOS is a long way behind with a market share of just 12.9 percent. The rest may as well not even exist [..]

These figures, which cover the second quarter of 2016, show that Android has actually increased its market share by 4 percent over the last year. All other operating systems are down, with iOS losing 1.7 percent [..]

I think it’s fair to declare Android the winner in the mobile operating [system] wars at this point.

— makeuseof.com[29]

As of 9 May 2019, the biggest smartphone companies (by market share) were Samsung, Huawei and Apple, respectively.[30]

Gartner’s own press release said, «Apple continued its downward trend with a decline of 7.7 percent in the second quarter of 2016»,[31] which is their decline, based on absolute number of units, that underestimates the relative decline (with the market increasing), along with the misleading «1.7 percent [point]» decline. That point decline means an 11.6% relative decline (from 14.6% down to 12.9%).

Although in units sold Apple is declining, they are almost the only vendor making any profit in the smartphone sector from hardware sales alone. In Q3 2016 for example, they captured 103.6% of the market profits.[32]

There are more mobile phone owners than toothbrush owners,[33] with mobile phones the fastest growing technology in history.[citation needed] There are a billion more active mobile phones in the world than people (and many more than 10 billion sold so far with less than half still in use), explained by the fact that some people have more than one, such as an extra for work.[34] All the phones have an operating system, but only a fraction of them are smartphones with an OS capable of running modern applications. Currently 3.1 billion smartphones and tablets are in use across the world (with tablets, a small fraction of the total, generally running the same operating systems, Android or iOS, the latter being more popular on tablets. In 2019, a variant of iOS called iPadOS built for iPad tablets was released).

Tablet computers shipments[edit]

In 2015, eMarketer estimated at the beginning of the year that the tablet installed base would hit one billion[35] for the first time (with China’s use at 328 million, which Google Play doesn’t serve or track, and the United States’s use second at 156 million). At the end of the year, because of cheap tablets – not counted by all analysts – that goal was met (even excluding cumulative sales of previous years) as:

Sales quintupled to an expected 1 billion units worldwide this year, from 216 million units in 2014, according to projections from the Envisioneering Group.

While that number is far higher than the 200-plus million units globally projected by research firms IDC, Gartner and Forrester, Envisioneering analyst Richard Doherty says the rival estimates miss all the cheap Asian knockoff tablets that have been churning off assembly lines.[..]

Forrester says its definition of tablets «is relatively narrow» while IDC says it includes some tablets by Amazon — but not all.[..]

The top tech purchase of the year continued to be the smartphone, with an expected 1.5 billion sold worldwide, according to projections from researcher IDC. Last year saw some 1.2 billion sold.[..]

Computers didn’t fare as well, despite the introduction of Microsoft’s latest software upgrade, Windows 10, and the expected but not realized bump it would provide for consumers looking to skip the upgrade and just get a new computer instead.

Some 281 million PCs were expected to be sold, according to IDC, down from 308 million in 2014. Folks tend to be happy with the older computers and keep them for longer, as more of our daily computing activities have moved to the smartphone.[..]

While Windows 10 got good reviews from tech critics, only 11% of the 1-billion-plus Windows user base opted to do the upgrade, according to Microsoft. This suggests Microsoft has a ways to go before the software gets «hit» status. Apple’s new operating system El Capitan has been downloaded by 25% of Apple’s user base, according to Apple.

This conflicts with statistics from IDC that say the tablet market contracted by 10% in 2015 with only Huawei, ranked fifth, with big gains, more than doubling their share; for fourth quarter 2015, the five biggest vendors were the same except that Amazon Fire tablets ranked third worldwide, new on the list, enabled by its not quite tripling of market share to 7.9%, with its Fire OS Android-derivative.[37]

Global tablet shipments[a]

Source Year Android iOS Windows Others
Strategy Analytics[38] Q2 2022 49% 38% 11% 2%
Statista[39] 2020 59.4% 29.8% 10.21% 0.59%
Strategy Analytics[40] 2015 68% 22% 10% <0.1%
Gartner[41] 2013 61.9% 36.0% 2.1% <0.1%
Gartner[41] 2012 45.8% 52.8% 1.0% 0.3%

Gartner excludes some devices from their tablet shipment statistic and includes them in a different category called «premium ultramobiles» with screen sizes of more than 10″ inches.[42]

Smartphone shipments[edit]

Worldwide smartphone sales to end users by operating systems, as measured by Gartner, International Data Corporation (IDG) and others:

Smartphone shipments by OS

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
Statista[43] based on page views per month worldwide 2022 Q4 71.1% 28.3% N/A N/A N/A 0.6%
Gartner[44] Units sold in quarter 2018 Q1 85.9% 14.1% N/A N/A N/A 0.0%
Gartner[45] Units sold per year 2017 85.9% 14.0% N/A N/A N/A 0.1%
Gartner[46] Units sold in quarter 2017 Q1 86.1% 13.7% N/A N/A N/A 0.2%
Gartner[47] Units sold per year 2016 84.8% 14.4% N/A N/A N/A 0.8%
Gartner[48] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q4 81.7% 17.9% 0.3% 0.0% N/A 0.1%
Gartner[49] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q3 87.8% 11.5% 0.4% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[50] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q2 86.2% 12.9% 0.6% 0.1% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[51] Units sold in quarter 2016 Q1 84.1% 14.8% 0.7% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[52] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q4 80.7% 17.7% 1.1% 0.2% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[53] Units sold in quarter 2015 Q2 82.2% 14.6% 2.5% 0.3% N/A 0.4%
Gartner[54] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q4 76.0% 20.4% 2.8% 0.5% N/A 0.4%
Strategy Analytics[55] Units shipped in quarter 2014 Q3 81.3% 13.4% 4.1% 1.0% N/A 0.2%
Gartner[56] Units sold in quarter 2014 Q2 83.8% 12.2% 2.8% 0.7% N/A 0.5%
Gartner[57] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q2 79.0% 14.2% 3.3% 2.7% 0.3% 0.6%
Gartner[58] Units sold in quarter 2013 Q1 74.4% 18.2% 2.9% 3.0% 0.6% 1.0%
International Data Corporation[59] Units shipped in quarter 2013 Q1 75.0% 17.3% 3.2% 2.9% 0.6% 0.0%

World Wide Smartphone Sales.png

Web clients[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for this section. (August 2018)
Web clients’ OS family statistics
Android (or based on) 42.67%
Windows 29.56%
Apple’s iOS 17.38%
Apple’s macOS 6.07%
Unknown 2.04%
Other 1.25%
Linux 0.98%
Web clients’ OS family market share according to StatCounter for April 2022.[60]
The information on web clients is obtained from user agent information obtained through JavaScript code run by web browsers supplied to web servers. «Unknown» is probably mostly Windows operating systems.[citation needed] These figures have a large margin of error for a variety of reasons. For a discussion on the shortcomings see usage share of web browsers.

The most recent data from various sources published during the last twelve months is summarized in the table below. All of these sources monitor a substantial number of web sites; statistics related to one web site only are excluded.

Android currently ranks highest,[61] above Windows (incl. Xbox console) systems. Windows Phone accounted for 0.51% of the web usage, before it was discontinued.[62]

Considering all personal computing devices, Microsoft Windows is well below 50% usage share on every continent, and at 30% in the US (24% single-day low) and in many countries lower, e.g. China, and in India at 19% (12% some days) and Windows’ lowest share globally was 29% in May 2022 (25% some days), and 29% in the US.[63]

iOS is slightly more popular than Windows in the US, and has been more used the last 6 months, on a monthly average basis,[64] or for up to 11 weeks in a row (weekly average).[65] That’s because it’s much more popular on the weekends, while Windows usually more used on weekdays. iOS has however been more used for up to almost 2 weeks, every day of that time-span, and even on some days, such as 29 May 2022, Android is also more used than Windows meaning iOS and Android are up to 2.6× more used than Windows there.[66] Worldwide, Android at 43.23% is 48% more used than Windows, next at 29.2%, and iOS third at 17.67% meaning the mobile operating systems Android and iOS are combined a bit over 2× more popular then Windows. In Africa, Android at 62.66% (for May alone is 3.3× (almost 4× with iOS) than Windows at 18.81 (and iOS third at 10.74%).[67] For a 12-month average Android is only 2.1× more popular than Windows in Africa.

Before iOS became the most popular operating system in any independent country, it was most popular in Guam, an unincorporated territory of the United States, for four consecutive quarters in 2017-18,[68][69] although Android is now the most popular there.[70] iOS has been the highest ranked OS in Jersey (a British Crown dependency in Europe) for years, by a wide margin, and iOS was also highest ranked in Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory, for one quarter in 2019, before being overtaken by Android in the following quarter.[71][72] iOS is competitive with Windows in Sweden, where some days it is more used.[73]

The designation of an «Unknown» operating system is strangely high in a few countries such as Madagascar where it was at 32.44% (no longer near as high).[74] This may be due to the fact that StatCounter uses browser detection to get OS statistics, and there the most common browsers are not often used. The version breakdown for browsers in Madagascar shows «Other» at 34.9%,[75] and Opera Mini 4.4 is the most popular known browser at 22.1% (plus e.g. 3.34% for Opera 7.6). However browser statistics without version-breakdown has Opera at 48.11% with the «Other» category very small.[76][clarification needed]

In China, Android got to be the highest ranked operating system in July 2016 (Windows has occasionally topped it since then, while since April 2016 it or all non-mobile operating systems haven’t outranked mobile operating systems, meaning Android plus iOS).[77] In the Asian continent as a whole, Android has been ranked highest since February 2016 and Android alone has the majority share,[78] because of a large majority in all the most populous countries of the continent, up to 84% in Bangladesh, where it has had over 70% share for over four years.[79] Since August 2015, Android is ranked first, at 48.36% in May 2016, in the African continent – when it took a big jump ahead of Windows 7,[80] and thereby Africa joined Asia as a mobile-majority continent. China is no longer a desktop-majority country,[81] joining India, which has a mobile-majority of 71%, confirming Asia’s significant mobile-majority.

Online usage of Linux kernel derivatives (Android + ChromeOS + other Linux) exceeds that of Windows. This has been true since some time between January and April 2016, according to W3Counter[82] and StatCounter.[83]
However, even before that, the figure for all Unix-like OSes, including those from Apple, was higher than that for Windows.

Source Date Microsoft Windows (kernel): Decrease Apple Darwin:
Increase 		Linux kernel: Increase Others:[b]
10 8/8.1 7 Vista XP WP&RT Other macOS iOS Linux Android Other
W3Counter[84] Oct 2022 Decrease 19.23% N/A Decrease 3.4% N/A N/A N/A N/A Decrease 4.03% Increase 19.23% N/A Increase 45.18% N/A N/A
W3Counter[85] Oct

2020

Increase

20.55%

N/A -1.59

6.74%

N/A N/A N/A N/A Increase

8.06%

Increase

13.67%

N/A Decrease

37.44%

N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2019 Increase16.23% N/A Increase14.32% N/A N/A N/A N/A Increase3.58% Increase13.54 N/A Decrease38.76% N/A N/A
W3Counter[86] Jun 2018 -2.3311.14 N/A -1.5912.29% N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.702.80% -1.0810.68% N/A +8.8053.21% N/A N/A
W3Counter[87] Dec 2016 -1.4313.79 -0.644.54% -0.3118.45% N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.444.45% -0.0812.60% +0.663.8% +6.5634.37% N/A -1.078%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Mar 2017 -0.0612.98% -0.174.57% -0.3617.84% -0.030.41% -0.062.07% 0% 00.06% -0.65.17% +0.1013.09% -0.020.75% +0.5137.93% 00.76% +0.457.21%
StatCounter Global Stats[88] Dec 2016 -0.1512.5% -0.254.79% -0.7618% -0.060.46% -0.072.24% -0.020.64% 00.09% -0.34.92% +0.4312.71% 00.86% +1.5237.8% +0.010.72% -0.374.61%
StatCounter Global Stats[89] Oct 2016 -0.1812.08% -0.225.21% -0.8218.97% -0.020.6% -0.32.44% -0.160.7% +0.010.05% -0.235.3% +0.1712.04% -0.090.85% +1.6234.46% -0.010.63% -0.266.67%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] May 2016 0.6910.27% -0.646.68% -1.5822.25% -0.060.73% -0.553.44% +0.020.83% -0.020.8% -0.045.05% +0.2611.38% -0.080.91% +1.731.6% 0.20.64% 0.316.15%
StatCounter Global Stats[90] Dec 2015 0.846.67% -0.618.5% -1.3526.66% -0.911.0% -0.114.75% +0.030.92% +0.010.2% +0.185.51% +0.1210.82% +0.051.03% +0.6727.01% 00.36% 6.57%
Wikimedia[91] Dec 2016 14.0% 4.65% 18.0% 0.43% 1.70% 0.93% 0.50% 5.4% 19.0% 0.80% 23.0% 0.30% 11.29%

Desktop and laptop computers[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (October 2018)

Windows is still the dominant desktop OS, but the dominance varies by region and it has gradually lost market share to other desktop operating systems (not just to mobile) with the slide very noticeable in the US, where macOS usage has more than quadrupled from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2020 to 30.62% (i.e. in Christmas month; and 34.72% in April 2020 in the middle of COVID-19, and iOS was more popular overall that year;[93] globally Windows lost to Android that year,[94] as for the two years prior), with Windows down to 61.136% and ChromeOS at 5.46%, plus traditional Linux at 1.73%.[95]

There is little openly published information on the device shipments of desktop and laptop computers. Gartner publishes estimates, but the way the estimates are calculated is not openly published. Another source of market share of various operating systems is StatCounter[96] basing its estimate on web use (although this may not be very accurate). Also, sales may overstate usage. Most computers are sold with a pre-installed operating system, with some users replacing that OS with a different one due to personal preference, or installing another OS alongside it and using both. Conversely, sales underestimate usage by not counting unauthorized copies. For example, in 2009, approximately 80% of software sold in China consisted of illegitimate copies.[97] In 2007, the statistics from an automated update of IE7 for registered Windows computers differed with the observed web browser share, leading one writer to estimate that 25–35% of all Windows XP installations were unlicensed.[98]

The usage share of Microsoft’s (then latest operating system) Windows 10 has slowly increased since July/August 2016, reaching around 27.15% (of all Windows versions, not all desktop or all operating systems) in December 2016. It eventually reached 79.79% on 5 October 2021, the same day on which its successor Windows 11 was released.

Web analysis shows significant variation in different parts of the world. For example, macOS use varies a lot by region, in North America claims 16.82%[99] (17.52%[100] in the US) whereas in Asia it is only 4.4%.[101] In the United States usage of Windows XP has dropped to 0.38% (of all Windows versions), and its global average to 0.59%, while in Africa it is still at 2.71%, and it still has double-digit share in at least one country.[102]

Since mid-2020, the world uses smartphones more than desktop (including laptop) computers.[103][104][105] For global statistics it’s every day of the week. It has also happened for all individual continents (at least for some weeks, and also for the United States[106][107][108][109] where the smartphone share has gone up to 54%, both on July 9, 2019, a Sunday,[110] and also that high in 2021). The proportions do vary widely by region (more so than by the day), e.g. in Africa the smartphone share is highest at 69%, in Asia at 65% and in South America at 50.19%, while in the United States it’s at 46% and desktop at 50%. On some continents, e.g. North America and the US, smartphone use may only go over 50% on weekends, since smartphones usage increases on weekends,[111][112][113][114] while the smartphone share has gone up to 54% for a single day (Thanksgiving), and on average over 50% for full week.[115][116]

  Smartphones (58.01%)

  Desktops/Laptops (39.49%)

  Tablets (2.46%)

  Console (0.06%)

The 2019 Stack Overflow developer survey provides no detail about particular versions of Windows. The desktop operating system share among those identifying as professional developers was:[117]

  • Windows: 45.3%
  • macOS: 29.2%
  • Linux: 25.3%
  • BSD/Unix: 0.1%

Microsoft data on Windows usage[edit]

In June 2016, Microsoft claimed Windows 10 had half the market share of all Windows installations in the US and UK, as quoted by BetaNews:

Microsoft’s Windows trends page [shows] Windows 10 hit 50 percent in the US (51 percent in the UK, 39 percent globally), while … Windows 7 was on 38 percent (36 percent in the UK, 46 percent globally).
A big reason for the difference in numbers comes down to how they are recorded. … actual OS usage (based on web browsing), while Microsoft records the number of devices Windows 10 is installed on. … Microsoft also only records Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10, while NetMarketShare includes both XP and Vista.

— BetaNews[118]

Desktop computer games[edit]

The digital video game distribution platform Steam publishes a monthly «Hardware & Software Survey», with the statistics below:

Month Microsoft Windows Mac OS† Linux† Other
December 2022[119] 96.15% 2.48% 1.38%
December 2021 96.19% 2.70% 1.11%
December 2020[119] 96.41% 2.82% 0.78%
December 2019[120] 96.89% 2.47% 0.67%
January 2019[121] 95.92% 3.27% 0.82%
January 2018[122] 98.38% 1.31% 0.25%
January 2017[123] 95.79% 3.31% 0.80%
January 2016[124] 95.39% 3.55% 0.95%
January 2015[125] 95.48% 3.32% 1.09%
January 2014[126] 94.93% 3.47% 0.86% 0.74%

^† These figures, as reported by Steam, do not include SteamOS statistics.[127]

Mobile devices[edit]

Smartphones OS by usage[edit]

By Q1 2018, mobile operating systems on smartphones included Google’s dominant Android (and variants) and Apple’s iOS which combined had an almost 100% market share.[128]

Smartphone penetration vs. desktop use differs substantially by country. Some countries, like Russia, still have smartphone use as low as 22.35% (as a fraction of all web use),[129] but in most western countries, smartphone use is close to 50% of all web use. This doesn’t mean that only half of the population has a smartphone, could mean almost all have, just that other platforms have about equal use. Smartphone usage share in developing countries is much higher – in Bangladesh, for example, Android smartphones had up to 84% and currently 70% share,[79] and in Mali smartphones had over 90% (up to 95%) share for almost two years.[130][131] (A section below has more information on regional trends on the move to smartphones.)

There is a clear correlation between the GDP per capita of a country and that country’s respective smartphone OS market share, with users in the richest countries being much more likely to choose Apple’s iPhone, with Google’s Android being predominant elsewhere.[132][133][134]

Global mobile OS web usage[c]

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
StatCounter Global Stats[135] Browsing (page view) 2021, Oct 71.09% 28.21% 0.01% N/A N/A 0.69%
StatCounter Global Stats[136] Browsing (page view) 2020, Oct 72.93% 26.53% 0.03% N/A N/A 0.51%
StatCounter Global Stats Browsing (page view) 2019, Sep 76.24% 22.48% 0.17% 0.02% 0.02% 1.07%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2015, Mar 61.94% 22.64% 2.27% NA 6.00% 7.09%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2014, Aug 54.87% 23.57% 2.36% 1.59% 9.73% 7.87%
StatCounter Global Stats[137] Browsing (page view) 2014, Feb 47.57% 22.97% 2.22% 2.62% 14.86% 6.08%
Wikimedia (includes tablets)[d] Browsing (page view) 2013, Mar 25.93% 66.53% 1.85% 2.02% 3.03% 1.12%
United States mobile OS web usage

Source Method Quarter/month Android
(including forks) 		iOS Windows
(all versions) 		BlackBerry
(all versions) 		Symbian Others
comScore[138] (US only) US subscribers 2017, Jan 52.0% 43.9% 1.5% 0.5% N/A N/A
comScore[139] (US only) US subscribers 2016, Jan 52.8% 43.6% 2.7% 0.8% N/A N/A
comScore[140] (US only) US subscribers 2015, Jan 53.2% 41.3% 3.6% 1.8% 0.1% N/A
comScore[141] (US only) US subscribers 2014, Jan 51.7% 41.6% 3.2% 3.1% 0.2% N/A
comScore[142] (US only) US subscribers 2012, Feb 50.1% 30.2% 3.9% 13.4% 1.5% N/A
comScore[143] (US only) US subscribers 2010, Dec 28.7% 25.0% 8.4% 31.6% N/A 3.7%

Tablet computers OS by usage[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics till mid-2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

Tablet computers, or simply tablets, became a significant OS market share category starting with Apple’s iPad. In Q1 2018, iOS had 65.03% market share and Android had 34.58% market share.[144] Windows tablets may not get classified as such by some analysts, and thus barely register; e.g. 2-in-1 PCs may get classified as «desktops», not tablets.

Since 2016, in South America (and Cuba[145] in North America), Android tablets have gained majority,[146] and in Asia in 2017 Android was slightly more popular than the iPad, which was at 49.05% usage share in October 2015.[147][148][149] In Africa, Android tablets are much more popular while elsewhere the iPad has a safe margin.

As of March 2015, Android has made steady gains to becoming the most popular tablet operating system:[150] that is the trend in many countries, having already gained the majority in large countries (India at 63.25%,[151] and in Indonesia at 62.22%[152]) and in the African continent with Android at 62.22% (first to gain Android majority in late 2014),[153] with steady gains from 20.98% in August 2012[154] (Egypt at 62.37%,[155] Zimbabwe at 62.04%[155]), and South America at 51.09% in July 2015.[156] (Peru at 52.96%[157]). Asia is at 46%.[158] In Nepal, Android gained majority lead in November 2014 but lost it down to 41.35% with iOS at 56.51%.[159] In Taiwan, as of October 2016, Android after having gained a confident majority, has been on a losing streak.[160] China is a major exception to Android gaining market share in Asia (there Android phablets are much more popular than Android tablets, while similar devices get classified as smartphones) where the iPad/iOS is at 82.84% in March 2015.[161]

Global tablet web usage

Source Month iOS Android Windows Others
StatCounter[162] Oct 2020 58.86% 41.02% 0.08% 0.04%
StatCounter[163] Dec 2019 63.11% 36.65% 0.15% 0.09%
StatCounter[164] Jul 2018 65.03% 34.58% 0.21% 0.18%
StatCounter[165] Jul 2015 65.51% 31.36% 0.78% 2.93%
StatCounter[166] Feb 2015 66.47% 29.6% 1.16% 2.73%
StatCounter[167] Oct 2014 71.67% 25.62% 0.08% 2.63%

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Last update: Recent statistics from 2018 is needed for some parts in this section. (August 2018)

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones are more popular than desktop computers globally (and Android in particular more popular than Windows). Including tablets with mobiles/smartphones, as they also run so-called mobile operating systems, even in the United States (and most countries) are mobiles including tablets more popular than other (older originally made for desktops) operating systems (such as Windows and macOS). Windows in the US (at 33.42%) has only 8% head-start (2.55-percentage points) over iOS only; with Android, that mobile operating system and iOS have 52.14% majority.[168] Alternatively, Apple, with iOS plus their non-mobile macOS (9.33%) has 20% more share (6.7-percentage points more) than Microsoft’s Windows in the country where both companies were built.

Although desktop computers are still popular in many countries (while overall down to 44.9% in the first quarter of 2017[169]), smartphones are more popular even in many developed countries. A few countries on all continents are desktop-minority with Android more popular than Windows; many, e.g. Poland in Europe, and about half of the countries in South America, and many in North America, e.g. Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti; up to most countries in Asia and Africa[170] with smartphone-majority because of Android, Poland and Turkey in Europe highest with 57.68% and 62.33%, respectively. In Ireland, smartphone use at 45.55% outnumbers desktop use and mobile as a whole gains majority when including the tablet share at 9.12%.[171][172] Spain was also slightly desktop-minority. As of July 2019, Sweden had been desktop-minority for eight weeks in a row.[173]

The range of measured mobile web use varies a lot by country, and a StatCounter press release recognizes «India amongst world leaders in use of mobile to surf the internet»[174] (of the big countries) where the share is around (or over) 80%[175] and desktop is at 19.56%, with Russia trailing with 17.8% mobile use (and desktop the rest).

Smartphones (discounting tablets), first gained majority in December 2016 (desktop-majority was lost the month before),[where?] and it wasn’t a Christmas-time fluke, as while close to majority after smartphone majority happened again in March 2017.[176][clarification needed]

In the week of 7–13 November 2016, smartphones alone (without tablets) overtook desktop for the first time, albeit for a short period.[177] Examples of mobile-majority countries include Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey and most of Asia and Africa. Some of the world is still desktop-majority, with for example the United States at 54.89% (but not on all days).[178] However, in some territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico,[179] desktop is significantly under majority, with Windows just under 25%, overtaken by Android.

On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile showed majority.[180] Since 27 October, the desktop hasn’t had a majority, including on weekdays. Smartphones alone have showed majority since 23 December to the end of the year, with the share topping at 58.22% on Christmas Day.[181] To the «mobile»-majority share of smartphones, tablets could be added giving a 63.22% majority. While an unusually high top, a similar high also occurred on Monday 17 April 2017, with the smartphone share slightly lower and tablet share slightly higher, combining to 62.88%.

Formerly, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[182] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month, but mobile wasn’t ranked higher, tablet share had to be added to it to exceed desktop share.

For the Christmas season (i.e. temporarily, while desktop-minority remains and smartphone-majority on weekends[183][184]), the last two weeks in December 2016, Australia (and Oceania in general)[185] was desktop-minority for the first time for an extended period, i.e. every day from 23 December.[186]

In South America, smartphones alone took majority from desktops on Christmas Day,[184] but for a full-week-average, desktop is still at least at 58%.[187]

The UK desktop-minority dropped down to 44.02% on Christmas Day and for the eight days to the end of the year.[188] Ireland joined some other European countries with smartphone-majority, for three days after Christmas, topping that day at 55.39%.[189][190]

In the US, desktop-minority happened for three days on and around Christmas (while a longer four-day stretch happened in November, and happens frequently on weekends).[191]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), in the week from 7–13 November 2016, «mobile» (meaning smartphones) alone (without tablets) overtook desktop, for the first time, with them highest ranked at 52.13% (on 27 November 2016)[192] or up to 49.02% for a full week.[193][194] Mobile-majority applies to countries such as Paraguay in South America, Poland in Europe and Turkey; and the continents Asia and Africa. Large regions of the rest of the world are still desktop-majority, while on some days, the United States,[195] (and North America as a whole)[196] isn’t; the US is desktop-minority up to four days in a row,[197] and up to a five-day average.[198] Other examples, of desktop-minority on some days, include the UK,[196] Ireland,[199] Australia[200] (and Oceania as a whole); in fact, at least one country on every continent[201][202][203] has turned desktop-minority (for at least a month). On 22 October 2016 (and subsequent weekends), mobile has shown majority.[204]

Previously, according to a StatCounter press release, the world has turned desktop-minority;[205] as of October 2016, at about 49% desktop use for that month,[206][207] with desktop-minority stretching up to an 18-weeks/4-months period from 28 June to 31 October 2016,[208][209] while whole of July, August or September 2016, showed desktop-majority (and many other long sub-periods in the long stretch showed desktop-minority; similarly only Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays are desktop-minority). The biggest continents, Asia and Africa, have shown vast mobile-majority for long time (any day of the week), as well as several individual countries elsewhere have also turned mobile-majority: Poland, Albania (and Turkey)[210] in Europe and Paraguay and Bolivia[211] in South America.[212]

According to StatCounter’s web use statistics, Saturday 28 May 2016, was the day when smartphones («mobile» at StatCounter, that now counts tablets separately) became a most used platform, ranking first, at 47.27%, above desktops.[213][214] The next day, desktops slightly outnumbered «mobile» (unless counting tablets: some analysts count tablets with smartphones or separately while others with desktops – even when most tablets are iPad or Android, not Windows devices).[215]

Since Sunday 27 March 2016, the first day the world dipped to desktop-minority,[216] it has happened almost every week, and by week of 11–17 July 2016, the world was desktop-minority,[217] followed by the next week, and thereon also for a three-week period.[218] The trend is still stronger on weekends, with e.g. 17 July 2016 showed desktop at 44.67%, «mobile» at 49.5% plus tablets at 5.7%.[219] Recent weekly data shows a downward trend for desktops.[220][221]

According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for overall use), on weekends desktops worldwide lose about 5 percent points, e.g. down to 51.46% on 15 August 2015, with the loss in (relative) web use going to mobile (and also a minuscule increase for tablets),[222] mostly because Windows 7, ranked 1st on workdays, declines in web use, with it shifting to Android and lesser degree to iOS.[223]

Two continents, have already crossed over to mobile-majority (because of Android), based on StatCounters web use statistics. In June 2015, Asia became the first continent where mobile overtook desktop[224] (followed by Africa in August;[225] while Nigeria had mobile majority in October 2011,[226][227] because of Symbian – that later had 51% share, then Series 40 dominating, followed by Android as dominating operating system[228]) and as far back as October 2014, they had reported this trend on a large scale in a press release: «Mobile usage has already overtaken desktop in several countries including India, South Africa and Saudi Arabia».[229] In India, desktop went from majority, in July 2012, down to 32%.[230] In Bangladesh desktop went from majority, in May 2013, down to 17%, with Android alone now accounting for majority web use.[231] Only a few African countries were still desktop-majority[232] and many have a large mobile majority including Ethiopia and Kenya, where mobile usage is over 72%.[233]

The popularity of mobile use worldwide has been driven by the huge popularity increase of Android in Asian countries, where Android is the highest ranked operating system statistically in virtually every south-east Asian country,[234] while it also ranks most popular in almost every African country. Poland has been desktop-minority since April 2015,[235] because of Android being vastly more popular there,[236] and other European countries, such as Albania (and Turkey), have also crossed over. The South America continent is somewhat far from losing desktop-majority, but Paraguay had lost it as of March 2015.[237] Android and mobile browsing in general has also become hugely popular in all other continents where desktop has a large desktop base and the trend to mobile is not as clear as a fraction of the total web use.

While some analysts count tablets with desktops (as some of them run Windows), others count them with mobile phones (as the vast majority of tablets run so-called mobile operating systems, such as Android or iOS on the iPad). iPad has a clear lead globally, but has clearly lost the majority to Android in South America,[238] and a number of Eastern European countries such as Poland; lost virtually all African countries and has lost the majority twice in Asia, but gained the majority back (while many individual countries, e.g. India and most of the middle East have clear Android majority on tablets).[239] Android on tablets is thus second most popular after the iPad.[240]

In March 2015, for the first time in the US the number of mobile-only adult internet users exceeded the number of desktop-only internet users with 11.6% of the digital population only using mobile compared to 10.6% only using desktop; this also means the majority, 78%, use both desktop and mobile to access the internet.[241] A few smaller countries in North America, such as Haiti (because of Android) have gone mobile majority (mobile went to up to 72.35%, and is at 64.43% in February 2016).[242]

Revenue[edit]

The region with the largest Android usage[61] also has the largest mobile revenue.[243]

Mobile app revenue (US$bn)

2020[244]
Asia Pacific $85.3B
North and South America $74.5B
Europe, Middle East, and Africa $29.1B

Public servers on the Internet[edit]

Internet based servers’ market share can be measured with statistical surveys of publicly accessible servers, such as web servers, mail servers[245] or DNS servers on the Internet: the operating systems powering such servers are found by inspecting raw response messages. This method gives insight only into market share of operating systems that are publicly accessible on the Internet.

There will be differences in the result depending on how the sample is done and observations weighted. Usually the surveys are not based on a random sample of all IP addresses, domain names, hosts or organisations, but on servers found by some other method.[citation needed] Additionally, many domains and IP addresses may be served by one host and some domains may be served by several hosts or by one host with several IP addresses.

Source Date Unix, Unix-like Microsoft Windows References
W3Techs 14 July 2022 80.1% 20.1% [246][247]
Security Space Feb 2014 <79.3% >20.7% [248][249]
Note
W3Techs checked the top ten million web servers daily from June 2013, but W3Techs’s definition of «website» differs a bit from Alexa’s definition; the «top 10 million» websites are actually fewer than 10 million. W3Techs claims that these differences «have no statistical significance».[250]
Note
Revenue comparisons often include «operating system software, other bundled software»[251] and are not appropriate for usage comparison as the Linux operating system costs nothing (including «other bundled software»), except if optionally using commercial distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (in that case, cost of software for all software bundled with hardware has to be known for all operating systems involved, and subtracted). In cases where no-cost Linux is used, such comparisons underestimate Linux server popularity and overestimate other proprietary operating systems such as Unix and Windows.

Mainframes[edit]

Mainframes are larger and more powerful than servers, but not supercomputers. They are used to process large sets of data, for example enterprise resource planning or credit card transactions.

The most common operating system for mainframes is IBM’s z/OS.[citation needed] Operating systems for IBM Z generation hardware include IBM’s proprietary z/OS,[252] Linux on IBM Z, z/TPF, z/VSE and z/VM.

Gartner reported on 23 December 2008, that Linux on System z was used on approximately 28% of the «customer z base» and that they expected this to increase to over 50% in the following five years.[253] Of Linux on IBM Z, Red Hat and Micro Focus compete to sell RHEL and SLES respectively:

  • Prior to 2006, Novell claimed a market share of 85% or more for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
  • Red Hat has since claimed 18.4% in 2007 and 37% in 2008.[254]
  • Gartner reported at the end of 2008 that Novell’s SUSE Linux Enterprise Server had an 80% share of mainframe Linux.[253][dead link]

Decline[edit]

Like today’s trend of mobile devices from personal computers,[241] in 1984 for the first time estimated sales of desktop computers ($11.6 billion) exceeded mainframe computers ($11.4 billion). IBM received the vast majority of mainframe revenue.[255]

From 1991 to 1996, AT&T Corporation briefly owned NCR, one of the major original mainframe producers. During the same period, companies found that servers based on microcomputer designs could be deployed at a fraction of the acquisition price and offer local users much greater control over their own systems given the IT policies and practices at that time. Terminals used for interacting with mainframe systems were gradually replaced by personal computers. Consequently, demand plummeted and new mainframe installations were restricted mainly to financial services and government. In the early 1990s, there was a rough consensus among industry analysts that the mainframe was a dying market as mainframe platforms were increasingly replaced by personal computer networks.[256]

In 2012, NASA powered down its last mainframe, an IBM System z9.[257] However, IBM’s successor to the z9, the z10, led a New York Times reporter to state four years earlier that «mainframe technology—hardware, software and services—remains a large and lucrative business for IBM, and mainframes are still the back-office engines behind the world’s financial markets and much of global commerce».[258] As of 2010, while mainframe technology represented less than 3% of IBM’s revenues, it «continue[d] to play an outsized role in Big Blue’s results».[259]

Supercomputers[edit]

Sierra helps to assure the safety, reliability and effectiveness of the United States’ nuclear weapons.

The TOP500 project lists and ranks the 500 fastest supercomputers for which benchmark results are submitted. Since the early 1990s, the field of supercomputers has been dominated by Unix or Unix-like operating systems, and starting in 2017, every top 500 fastest supercomputer uses Linux as its supercomputer operating system.

The last supercomputer to rank #1 while using an operating system other than Linux was ASCI White, which ran AIX. It held the title from November 2000 to November 2001,[260] and was decommissioned in 2006. Then in June 2017, two AIX computers held rank 493 and 494,[261] the last non-Linux systems before they dropped off the list.

Supercomputer OS family – 1993–2021 systems share according to TOP500[262]

Historically all kinds of Unix operating systems dominated, and in the end ultimately Linux remains.

[edit]

Category Source Date Linux UNIX and Unix-like (not incl. Linux) Windows In‑house Other
Desktop, laptop Net Applications[263] Apr 2020 2.87% (excl. ChromeOS) plus 0.4% ChromeOS 9.75% (macOS) 86.92% (all versions) 0.06%
Embedded[e] EE Times[264] Mar 2019 38.42% (embedded Linux, Ubuntu, Android, other) 2.82% (QNX, LynxOS) 10.73% (Windows 10, Windows Embedded Compact) 10.73% 37.30%
Mainframe Gartner[254] Dec 2008 28% (SLES, RHEL) 72% (z/OS)[f]
Server (web) W3Techs[265] Sep 2021 Likely 77.4% (39.8% confirmed)[g] (Ubuntu, CentOS, Debian, Gentoo, RHEL, …)[266] Less than 1% is confirmed to be UNIX or Unix-like and non-Linux. The top operating systems in order are: 0.3% BSD (97.8% of which is FreeBSD),[267] <0.1% Darwin,[268] <0.1% HP-UX,[269] <0.1% Solaris,[270] and <0.1% Minix.[271][g] 22.7% (Windows Server 2019, WS2016, WS2012, WS2008)
Microsoft’s own webserver runs 6.6% of websites.[272]
Smartphone, tablet StatCounter Global Stats[273] Apr 2020 70.80% (Android, KaiOS) 28.79% (iOS) 0.07% 0.34%
Supercomputer TOP500[274] Nov 2019 100% (Custom)

See also[edit]

  • Comparison of operating systems
  • List of operating systems
  • Timeline of operating systems
  • Usage share of web browsers
  • Mobile OS market share

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ «Shipments refer to sell-in», that is, wholesale.
  2. ^ The ‘Others’ column is obtained by summing all percentage data and subtracting from 100%.
  3. ^ Table is only showing mobile OS market share – not the overall market share.
  4. ^ Wikimedia Foundation statistics consider tablets as part of the mobile OS market share.
  5. ^ Embedded is a vast category, which has subcategories that include automotive, avionics, health, medical equipment, consumer electronics, intelligent homes, and telecommunications. The aggregated information above may be very different for each subcategory taken separately.
  6. ^ z/OS’s UNIX environment coexists with its native environment, which dates back to OS/360.
  7. ^ a b «UNIX and Unix-like (including Linux)» represents 77.4% of the total web server/website market share however 48.2% of that market share does not show «more specifically» which operating system.

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Источник

Материал из Национальной библиотеки им. Н. Э. Баумана
Последнее изменение этой страницы: 21:42, 3 июня 2019.

Доля использования операционных систем – процент вычислительных устройств, которые запускают каждую операционную систему в любой конкретный момент времени. Все подобные цифры обязательно являются оценочными, потому что трудно получить данные об общем объеме операционных систем; есть несколько надежных первоисточников и нет согласованных методологий для его сбора. [Источник 1].

Содержание

  • 1 Лидеры
  • 2 Веб-клиенты
  • 3 Настольные и портативные компьютеры
    • 3.1 Настольные компьютерные игры
  • 4 Мобильные устройства
    • 4.1 Планшетные компьютеры
  • 5 Мэйнфреймы
  • 6 Суперкомпьютеры
  • 7 Источники

Лидеры

В области платформы для смартфонов и часов Google Android доминирует с более чем 2,7 миллиарда пользователей. Другие операционные системы для мобильных телефонов включают Apple iOS, KaiOS и Series 30+ .

В области настольных и портативных компьютеров, Microsoft Windows, как правило, выше 75% в большинстве рынков, компании Apple MacOS на уровне около 20%, ChromeOS Google, около 5% и Linux на уровне около 2%. Все эти цифры несколько различаются на разных рынках, и в зависимости от того, как они собираются.

Для общедоступных интернет- серверов Linux обычно считается доминирующим, обеспечивая примерно вдвое больше хостов по сравнению с Windows Server, что отстает от многих более мелких игроков, включая традиционные мейнфреймовые ОС.

В области суперкомпьютеров полностью доминирует Linux — 100% TOP500 теперь работают в этой ОС.

Веб-клиенты

По состоянию на 2019 г., Android занимает первое место, на втором месте системы Windows. Использование в Интернете производных от ядра Linux (системы Google + GNU / Linux) превышает использование всех систем Windows.

Настольные и портативные компьютеры

Windows по-прежнему является доминирующей настольной ОС, но доминирование варьируется в зависимости от региона, и она постепенно теряет долю рынка для других настольных операционных систем (не только для мобильных устройств), причем этот показатель очень заметен в США, где macOS выросла более чем в три раза по сравнению с годовым С 2009 по 2017 год Windows снизилась до 72,76%, Chrome OS — 3,33%, плюс традиционный Linux — 1,46%.
[Источник 2]

Доля использования последней клиентской операционной системы Microsoft — Windows 10 — медленно увеличивалась с июля / августа 2016 года (в то время как в Windows 7 наблюдалось незначительное снижение), достигнув около 27,15% в декабре 2016 года.

Веб-анализ показывает значительные различия в разных частях мира. Например, в Северной Америке использование Windows XP снизилось до 2,06%, но в Африке оно по-прежнему составляет 11,02%, а в Азии — 6,63% (еще выше в Китае, но до 18,21%, что связано с Win10 на секунду) при падении и обогнал Windows 10. И наоборот, macOS в Северной Америке претендует на 16,82% (17,52% в США), тогда как в Азии он составляет всего 4,4%. Хотя в июне 2016 года Microsoft, со слов новостного источника BetaNews, заявила, что Windows 10 имеет половину доли рынка настольных ПК США и Великобритании, и почти половину мирового рынка настольных ПК составляют все установки Windows: «Страница Microsoft, по их оценкам, показывает что Windows 10 достигла 50 процентов в США (51 процент в Великобритании, 39 процентов в мире), в то время как [..] Windows 7 была на 38 процентов (36 процентов в Великобритании, 46 процентов в мире). Основная причина различий в количестве сводится к тому, как они записываются.»

Опрос разработчиков Stack Overflow 2019 года не содержит подробных сведений о конкретных версиях Windows. Доля настольных операционных систем среди тех, кто идентифицировал себя как профессиональных разработчиков, была следующей:

  • Windows: 45,3%
  • MacOS: 29,2%
  • Linux: 25,3%
  • BSD / Unix: 0,1%

Настольные компьютерные игры

Магазин видеоигр Steam публикует ежемесячный «Обзор оборудования и программного обеспечения» со статистикой, представленной ниже:

Month Microsoft Windows Mac OS Linux Other
December 2018 95.86% 3.31% 0.82%
January 2017 95.79% 3.31% 0.80%
January 2016 95.39% 3.55% 0.95%
January 2015 95.48% 3.32% 1.09%
January 2014 94.93% 3.47% 0.86% 0.74%

Мобильные устройства

Все научные сообщества сходятся во мнении, что самая популярная мобильная операционная система – Android.

Уровень проникновения смартфонов и настольных компьютеров на момент написания данной статьи существенно отличается в зависимости от страны. В то время как в некоторых странах, таких как Россия, уровень использования настольных компьютеров по-прежнему высок – он составляет 77% ПК, а у смартфонов — 19% – одновременно этот показатель колеблется до 5% в Мали, где доля смартфонов на Android составляет чуть более 95%. В большинстве западных стран использование смартфонов близко к половине, но пока еще составляет менее 50%. К примеру, в Индии iOS от Apple опустилась на третье место (и веб-браузер iOS — на шестое) с долей рынка iPhone до 2,64% (iOS на смартфонах и планшетах также занимает 3-е место, в то время как планшеты iPad имеют твердое 2 место).

Планшетные компьютеры

Планшетные компьютеры являются значительной категорией рынка ОС, начиная с iPad от Apple. В первом квартале 2018 года доля рынка iOS составила 65,03%, а доли рынка Android — 34,58%. Некоторые аналитики могут не классифицировать Windows-планшеты как таковые и, следовательно, не регистрировать их как планшетные компьютеры. Например, так называемые «ПК 2-в-1» могут классифицироваться как «настольные ПК», а не как планшеты.

С 2016 года в Южной Америке (а также на Кубе) планшеты Android набрали большинство, которые только расширились в 2017 году, а в Азии Android в 2017 году стал немного более популярным, чем iPad: самые низкие показатели у которого — 49,05% — были в октябре 2015 года. В Африке iPad уже давно проиграл битву с планшетами Android, гораздо более популярными (поскольку более дешёвыми), в то время как в других странах iPad имеет стабильный уровень.

По состоянию на март 2015 года, Android добился стабильного роста и стал самой популярной (на некоторых континентах) операционной системой для планшетов (основанной на использовании StatCounter в качестве прокси-сервера); это тенденция во многих странах (по крайней мере, в округах, где рынок не насыщен), которые уже получили большинство в больших странах (Индия на 63,25%,и в Индонезии на 62,22%) и в Африканский континент с Android на 62,22% (впервые набравший большинство Android в конце 2014 года), с устойчивым ростом с 20,98% в августе 2012 года (Египет на 62,37%, Зимбабве на 62,04%) и Южной Америке — 51,09% в июле 2015 года (Перу — 52,96%). Азия на 46%. В Непале Android завоевал лидерство большинства в ноябре 2014 года, но потерял его до 41,35% с iOS на 56,51%. На Тайване, по состоянию на октябрь 2016 года, Android, получив уверенное большинство, проиграл. Китай является основным исключением для Android, завоевавшего долю рынка в Азии (там Android-фаблеты гораздо более популярны, чем планшеты на Android, в то время как аналогичные устройства классифицируются как смартфоны), где показатель iPad / iOS в марте 2015 года составил 82,84%.

Мэйнфреймы

Наиболее распространенной операционной системой для мэйнфреймов является Z/OS от IBM. Операционные системы для аппаратного обеспечения поколения IBM System z включают в себя фирменную Z/OS IBM, Linux on Z Systems , Z/TPF , Z/VSE и Z/VM.

23 декабря 2008 года Gartner сообщила, что «Linux на System Z использовался примерно на 28% всей базы клиентов Z», и что они ожидают, что «в следующие пять лет этот показатель возрастет до 50%».

Суперкомпьютеры

В области суперкомпьютеров всегда доминировали Unix или Unix-подобные операционные системы, в которых сейчас преобладает Linux – с 2017 года 500 самых быстрых суперкомпьютеров всех версий работают под управлением Linux.

В проекте TOP500 перечислены и оценены 500 самых быстрых суперкомпьютеров, для которых представлены результаты тестов. В июне 2017 года два компьютера AIX имели в списке TOP500 ранги соответственно №493 и №494, и стали последними системами, отличными от Linux, до того, как они были исключены из списка TOP500.

Последним самым быстрым суперкомпьютером, отличным от Linux, был ASCI White , также работавший под управлением AIX. Он носил название с ноября 2000 года по ноябрь 2001 года и был выведен из эксплуатации в 2006 году.

Источники

  1. ↑ Usage share of operating systems // Википедия. [2019]. Дата обновления: 22.05.2019. URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems (дата обращения 03.06.2019).
  2. ↑ Desktop Operating System Market Share United States Of America // Statcounter. Global stats. [2019]. Дата обновления: 30.06.2019. URL:http://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop/united-states-of-america/#monthly-200901-201712 (дата обращения 03.06.2019).
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09 Октября 2017 13:22
09 Окт 2017 13:22

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Вице-президент Microsoft сообщил в Twitter, что Windows 10 Mobile больше не получит никаких обновлений, кроме безопасности. Поскольку количество пользователей платформы невелико, а разработчики к ней равнодушны, дальнейшее развитие Windows Phone было решено прекратить.

Заявление Белфиоре

Компания Microsoft официально признала, что прекратила разработку мобильной платформы Windows Phone. Об этом сообщил в соцсети Twitter вице-президент компании по операционным системам Джо Белфиоре (Joe Belfiore). По его словам, Windows 10 Mobile, последняя версия платформы, не получит больше обновлений, за исключением тех, которые связаны с безопасностью.

Белфиоре признался, что сам он перешел на Android, как и глава компании Билл Гейтс (Bill Gates). По его словам, Microsoft намерена поддержать тех пользователей Windows 10, которые также хотят пользоваться Android и iOS на своих смартфонах. Сейчас компания работает над тем, чтобы пользователям было удобнее переносить данные с ПК под управлением Windows 10 на мобильные устройства.

Нехватка приложений

Одной из причин, по которым Microsoft приняла такое решение, стало отсутствие интереса к Windows Phone со стороны разработчиков. «Мы очень старались стимулировать разработчиков. Платили деньги… писали для них приложения… но количество пользователей слишком мало для большинства компаний, чтобы инвестировать», — отметил Белфиоре.

Магазин приложений для Windows Phone никогда не отличался особенными доходами, если сравнивать с магазинами Apple и Google, пишет издание The Verge. Разработчики не отказывались создавать для него версии своих приложений, однако с течением времени переставали их обновлять и поддерживать. В результате из магазина были удалены приложения авиакомпании American Airlines, банков Chase Bank и Bank of America, телекомпании NBC, социального сервиса Pinterest, разработчика игр Kabam и многие другие. Некоторые компании не скрывали, что причиной стало недостаточное количество пользователей Windows Phone.

Microsoft официально призналась в прекращении разработки Windows Phone

Сама Microsoft также удалила из магазина Windows Phone ряд собственных приложений, включая некоторые относящиеся к сервису MSN, а также приложение для панорамной съемки Photosynth и несколько приложений для камеры смартфонов Lumia, работающих под управлением Windows.

Судьба мобильной Windows

В июле 2017 г. пользователи интернета упрекнули Microsoft в равнодушии к судьбе Windows Phone. Причиной их негодования стало то, что в сборку Windows 10 за номером 16251 компания Microsoft добавила новую функцию — смартфон стало возможно «привязать» к ПК. Возможности «привязки» оказались не очень велики: пользователь мог отправить на компьютер ссылку на веб-страницу, которую просматривал на мобильном устройстве. При этом «привязка» была рассчитана только на платформы iOS и Android. То есть, на собственные мобильные ОС компании — Windows Phone и Windows 10 Mobile — нововведение не распространялось.

Первая версия Windows Phone была выпущена в 2010 г. В феврале 2015 г. вышла последняя из ныне существующих версий платформы, получившая название Windows 10 Mobile. Ее отличительными чертами стали возможность синхронизации контента с ПК, подключение устройства к большому экрану или использование его в качестве ПК, с мышью и клавиатурой, а также поддержка приложений Универсальной платформы Windows (UWP).

Отечественная платформа уменьшает сроки разработки программных документов

ПО

Общая доля Windows-смартфонов на рынке невелика — на 99,6% новых устройств устанавливается Android или iOS. В настоящий момент около 80% всех смартфонов, которые работают под управлением Windows, используют Windows Phone 7, Windows Phone 8 или Windows Phone 8.1, и только на 20% установлена Windows 10 Mobile.

В августе 2017 г. распространилась неофициальная информация, что Windows 10 Mobile уже изолирована в своем развитии от остальных систем семейства Windows 10, однако еще полтора года будет получать поддержку от Microsoft. На новые мобильные устройства Microsoft будет устанавливаться универсальная Andromeda OS. Существующие Windows-смартфоны не смогут до нее обновиться.

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Какая мобильная ОС самая популярная?

Пользовательский интерфейс Mi (MIUI), разработанный китайской электронной компанией Xiaomi Inc., представляет собой мобильную операционную систему, основанную на Android Open Source Project (AOSP).

MIUI в основном встречается в смартфонах Xiaomi, таких как серии Mi и Redmi; однако он также имеет официальную поддержку ПЗУ для нескольких устройств Android.

Какая из следующих мобильных ОС имеет больше всего пользователей?

Apple была второй по популярности операционной системой для смартфонов с долей рынка 44.3%. Android — не только самая популярная операционная система для смартфонов в США, но и самая используемая операционная система во всем мире: в последнем квартале 81.7 года ее рыночная доля достигла 2016 процента.

Какая ОС Windows используется чаще всего?

Microsoft завершила 2018 год как самая дорогая компания в мире, но также прошла важный этап для Windows. Последняя операционная система Windows 10 теперь является самой популярной ОС в мире для настольных ПК, наконец, превзойдя долю рынка Windows 7 по данным Net Applications.

Почему Android — самая популярная операционная система?

Согласно данным Statcounter, Android обогнал Windows и стал самой популярной операционной системой в мире. Если посмотреть на совместное использование настольных компьютеров, ноутбуков, планшетов и смартфонов, то использование Android составило 37.93%, немного опередив 37.91% для Windows.

Какая операционная система мобильного телефона лучше?

Лучшие операционные системы для смартфонов

  • 1 Google Android. Android One настолько хорош, насколько это возможно.
  • 2 Microsoft Windows Phone. Операционная система Windows Phone великолепна, они не голодны.
  • 3 ОС Apple iPhone. Ничто не сравнится с яблоком.
  • 4 Nokia Maemo. Билли сказал, что это было здорово!
  • 5 Linux MeeGo VoteE.
  • 6 RIM ОС BlackBerry.
  • 7 Microsoft Windows Mobile.
  • 8 Microsoft Windows RT VoteE.

Какие бывают типы мобильных операционных систем?

9 популярных мобильных операционных систем

  1. ОС Android (Google Inc.)
  2. Бада (Samsung Electronics)
  3. BlackBerry OS (Исследование в движении)
  4. ОС iPhone / iOS (Apple)
  5. ОС MeeGo (Nokia и Intel)
  6. Palm OS (ОС Garnet)
  7. ОС Symbian (Nokia)
  8. webOS (Palm / HP)

Какая ОС Windows лучше?

Десять лучших операционных систем

  • 1 Microsoft Windows 7. Windows 7 — лучшая ОС от Microsoft, с которой я когда-либо сталкивался.
  • 2 Ubuntu. Ubuntu — это смесь Windows и Macintosh.
  • 3 Windows 10. Это быстро, надежно, берет на себя полную ответственность за каждое ваше действие.
  • 4 Андроид.
  • 5 Виндовс ХР.
  • 6 Окна 8.1.
  • 7 Окна 2000.
  • 8 Windows XP Профессиональная.

Какая операционная система используется чаще всего?

Самая популярная операционная система на компьютере

  1. Windows 7 — самая популярная операционная система для настольных и портативных компьютеров.
  2. Android — самая популярная операционная система для смартфонов.
  3. iOS — самая популярная операционная система для планшетов.
  4. Варианты Linux наиболее широко используются в Интернете вещей и смарт-устройствах.

Почему Windows — самая популярная операционная система?

Windows, пожалуй, самая популярная операционная система для персональных компьютеров во всем мире. Windows очень популярна, потому что она предварительно загружена в большинство новых персональных компьютеров. Совместимость. ПК с Windows совместим с большинством программ на рынке.

Android — лучшая операционная система?

Если вы покупаете новый смартфон сегодня, велики шансы, что он будет работать под управлением одной из двух операционных систем: Android от Google или iOS от Apple. Хорошая новость в том, что обе операционные системы смартфонов превосходны.

Какая операционная система для смартфонов самая популярная?

Android

Какая последняя версия Android?

Кодовые имена

Кодовое имя Номер версии Версия ядра Linux
Oreo 8.0 – 8.1 4.10
фут 9.0 4.4.107, 4.9.84 и 4.14.42
Android Q 10.0
Легенда: Старая версия Старая версия, все еще поддерживается Последняя версия Последняя предварительная версия

Еще 14 рядов

В чем разница между андроидом и айфоном?

Nina, iPhone и Android — это две разные разновидности смартфонов, на самом деле iPhone — это просто название Apple телефона, который они производят, но их операционная система iOS является основным конкурентом Android. Производители устанавливают Android на некоторые очень дешевые телефоны, и вы получаете то, за что платите.

IOS лучше Android?

Поскольку приложения для iOS обычно лучше, чем их аналоги для Android (по причинам, о которых я говорил выше), они привлекают больше внимания. Даже собственные приложения Google работают быстрее, плавнее и имеют лучший пользовательский интерфейс на iOS, чем на Android. API iOS были намного более последовательными, чем у Google.

Какая операционная система самая лучшая?

Какая ОС лучше всего подходит для домашнего сервера и личного использования?

  • Ubuntu. Мы начнем этот список с, возможно, самой известной операционной системы Linux — Ubuntu.
  • Debian.
  • Федора.
  • Сервер Microsoft Windows.
  • Сервер Ubuntu.
  • Сервер CentOS.
  • Сервер Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
  • Сервер Unix.

Каковы 3 основных типа программного обеспечения?

Три типа компьютерного программного обеспечения — это системное программное обеспечение, программное обеспечение для программирования и прикладное программное обеспечение.

Сколько существует типов смартфонов?

Если рассматривать Samsung, то сейчас существует 8 моделей (типов) смартфонов Samsung. Для каждой модели существует 3 разных типа емкости. Для каждой емкости существует множество (типов) цветов.

В чем разница между цветной ОС и Android?

Основное различие между стандартным Android от Google и OPPO ColorOS — это дополнительные функции последнего. ColorOS в некоторых отношениях похожа на iOS от Apple. ColorOS также удаляет многие настройки. Возможность ограничить использование данных в фоновом режиме удалена.

Какие операционные системы 5?

Пять самых распространенных операционных систем — это Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, Linux, Android и iOS от Apple.

  1. Что делают операционные системы.
  2. Майкрософт Виндоус.
  3. Apple iOS.
  4. ОС Android от Google.
  5. Эппл макОС.
  6. Операционная система Linux.

Единственная операционная система — Microsoft?

Нет, Microsoft Windows — одна из самых ПОПУЛЯРНЫХ ОС для компьютеров. Существуют сотни других, возможно, столь же эффективных (а может, и более) операционных систем, как Windows. Существует Mac OS X от Apple, операционная система, предназначенная для работы на компьютерах Apple.

Каковы 4 функции операционной системы?

Ниже приведены некоторые из важных функций операционной системы.

  • Управление памятью.
  • Управление процессором.
  • Управление устройством.
  • Управление файлами.
  • Безопасность.
  • Контроль за работой системы.
  • Бухгалтерский учет.
  • Ошибка обнаружения вспомогательных средств.

Почему iOS быстрее Android?

Это связано с тем, что приложения Android используют среду выполнения Java. iOS с самого начала проектировалась так, чтобы эффективно использовать память и избегать подобной «сборки мусора». Следовательно, iPhone может работать быстрее при меньшем объеме памяти и может обеспечить время автономной работы, такое же, как у многих телефонов Android с гораздо большими батареями.

Android более популярен, чем iOS?

Извините, фанаты: Android по-прежнему популярнее iOS в США. Android уже давно является самой популярной операционной системой для смартфонов не только в США, но и во всем мире. В отличие от iPhone от Apple, устройства Android производятся различными компаниями — Samsung, LG, Motorola и т. Д. — и зачастую имеют небольшой бюджет.

Айфоны лучше Самсунга?

В течение многих лет линейка Samsung Galaxy в целом оставалась лучше, чем 4.7-дюймовые iPhone от Apple, но в 2017 году произошли эти изменения. В то время как Galaxy S8 имеет аккумулятор емкостью 3000 мАч, iPhone X имеет аккумулятор емкостью 2716 мАч, что больше, чем аккумулятор Apple в iPhone 8 Plus.

Linux безопаснее Windows?

Linux на самом деле не более безопасен, чем Windows. На самом деле это больше вопрос масштаба, чем чего-либо еще. Никакая операционная система не является более безопасной, чем любая другая, разница только в количестве атак и масштабах атак. В первую очередь вам следует посмотреть на количество вирусов для Linux и для Windows.

Ubuntu лучше Windows?

5 причин, по которым Ubuntu Linux лучше Microsoft Windows 10. Windows 10 — довольно хорошая операционная система для настольных ПК. Между тем, в стране Linux Ubuntu достигла 15.10; эволюционное обновление, которым приятно пользоваться. Хотя это и не идеальный вариант, полностью бесплатная настольная Ubuntu на базе Unity дает возможность Windows 10 за свои деньги.

Действительно ли Linux лучше Windows?

Большинство приложений предназначены для написания для Windows. Вы найдете несколько версий, совместимых с Linux, но только для очень популярного программного обеспечения. Однако правда в том, что большинство программ Windows недоступны для Linux. Многие люди, использующие систему Linux, вместо этого устанавливают бесплатную альтернативу с открытым исходным кодом.

Фото в статье «Госдепа» https://www.state.gov/reports/to-walk-the-earth-in-safety-2019/

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Нам постоянно твердят, что популярность разных версий Windows не спадает, а только растет. И это на фоне других известных операционных систем, например, Linux или MacOS. Так ли это?

Операционная система Windows — это платный коммерческий проект, чья популярность остается феноменальной. Почему феноменальной? Хотя бы потому, что есть бесплатные ОС, которые по функциональности не уступают «Окнам», но ими не пользуется такое количество людей, какое пользуется Windows.

Сегодня мы посмотрим, не является ли популярность разных версий Windows надуманной. Для этого мы проанализируем результаты статистического ресурса Starcounter. Данные этого ресурса основываются на мониторинге более 2 миллионов сайтов с более 10 миллиардами просмотров в месяц. Благодаря таким цифрам данные этого ресурса можно считать максимально приближенными к действительности.

Популярность разных версий Windows

Все приведенные ниже статистические данные актуальны на октябрь 2021 года.

Давайте взглянем на статистические данные всех операционных систем в мире, включая компьютеры и телефоны:

  1. Android — 40,66%.

  2. Windows — 32,3%.

  3. iOS — 15,97%.

  4. OS X — 6,82%.

  5. Неопределенные системы — 1,68%.

  6. Chrome OS — 1,11%

  7. Linux — 1,01%.

  8. И остальные.

Как видим, лидером среди всех операционных систем является Android, а Windows занимает почетное второе место среди всех известных ОС в мире.

Пять лет назад, в 2016 году, ситуация выглядела следующим образом:

  1. Windows — 40,06%.

  2. Android — 34,46%.

  3. iOS — 12,04%.

  4. OS X — 5,3%.

  5. Неопределенные системы — 4,57%.

  6. Linux — 0,85%.

  7. И остальные.

То есть 5 лет назад Windows была абсолютным лидером среди всех операционных систем.

Популярность Windows среди компьютерных операционных систем

Среди компьютерных операционных систем Windows остается безусловным лидером. Вот как выглядят результаты на 2021 год:

  1. Windows — 75,4%.

  2. OS X — 15,93%.

  3. Неопределенные системы — 3,74%.

  4. Chrome OS — 2,59%.

  5. Linux — 2,33%.

  6. И остальные.

Пять лет назад в этом же сегменте ситуация выглядела следующим образом:

  1. Windows — 80,84%.

  2. OC X — 10,88%.

  3. Неопределенные ОС — 6,14%.

  4. Linux — 1,44%.

  5. Chrome OS — 0,7%.

  6. И остальные.

Среди операционных систем для мобильных телефонов Windows в 2021 году занимает всего 0,02%, а в 2016 году — 1,14%. То есть рынок операционных систем для мобильных телефонов остается пока непокоренным для Windows.

Популярность разных версий Windows

Все знают, что операционная система Windows представлена в нескольких версиях. Самая последняя версия Windows 11 пока не попала в статистику, потому что ее релиз состоялся только летом 2021 года.

Среди всех версий Windows в 2021 году популярность распределена следующим образом:

  1. Windows 10 — 79,84%.

  2. Windows 7 — 14,77%.

  3. Windows 8.1 — 3,36%.

  4. Windows 8 — 1,16%.

  5. Windows XP — 0,59%.

  6. Windows Vista — 0,26%.

  7. И остальные.

Ровно 5 лет назад среди разных версий Windows было следующее распределение:

  1. Windows 7 — 48,21%.

  2. Windows 10 — 30,69%.

  3. Windows 8.1 — 10,29%.

  4. Windows XP — 6,18%.

  5. Windows 8 — 2,94%.

  6. Windows Vista — 1,53%.

  7. И остальные.

Почему популярность Windows не падает 

Нетрудно разглядеть, что популярность операционной версии Windows среди компьютерных ОС держится довольно высоко. Windows платный продукт, но люди все равно его используют, почему так?

Вариант использовать «взломанную» Windows не обсуждается. Сам Билл Гейтс высказался на тему взломанных ОС с иронией. Как он сказал, популярность взломанных Windows говорит о том, что они работают в правильном направлении и делают качественную операционную систему. Именно поэтому люди не пользуются альтернативными бесплатными ОС, а используют взломанную Windows, нарушая законодательство.

Многие эксперты соглашаются с этим мнением, что, действительно, популярность разных версий Windows обусловлена ее качеством и удобством. Да, у этой системы есть много хейтеров, осуждающих ее «тормознутость», нарушение конфиденциальности, уязвимости и т. д. Хейт является естественным процессом, ведь у этой системы сотни миллионов пользователей, нереально угодить им всем.

Почему люди не уходят в Linux? Уходят, но не спеша. Большинство дистрибутивов Linux работают не хуже Windows, а может, даже лучше. Но система работы в сети заточена под Windows, а не под Linux. То есть когда людям нужно использовать профессиональное программное обеспечение, то оно сделано для Windows, а не для Линукс. Для Линукса есть простое повседневное и полупрофессиональное ПО, а с остальным пока проблемы. Второй проблемой дистрибутивов Линукса является «сырость» разных версий. То есть у операционных систем есть еще недоработки. Нельзя винить разработчиков этих систем, потому что они держат свои продукты открытыми и бесплатными, а это значит, что содержать огромный штат профессиональных разработчиков, как у Windows, у них не получится.

Другим путем пошла компания Apple. Она вокруг своих устройств выращивает полноценную экосистему, снабжая владельцев устройств не только собственной операционной системой, но и всем необходимым программным обеспечением. Именно поэтому OS X держится на втором месте после Windows, и ее показатели будут только расти за счет того, что Apple предлагает качественные устройства, качественную операционную систему и качественное ПО. Windows так не делает, они предлагают только качественную ОС и качественное ПО и никак не контролируют устройства, куда это все устанавливается.

Что касается Linux, то им до популярности Windows еще «расти и расти», при том что потенциал у многих Линукс-систем просто огромный. Им бы возможности и финансирование уровня компании Майкрософт или Apple, тогда бы Линукс-системы занимали лидерские позиции.

Заключение

По статистике видно, что популярность некоторых старых версий Windows медленно угасает, но не исчезает. Взять, например, ту же Windows XP с 0,59%. В процентах цифра выглядит очень маленькой, но в пересчете на устройства это будут десятки миллионов компьютеров. Это большая цифра, при том что данная операционная система не поддерживается уже с 2014 года.

Популярность разных версий Windows говорит об одном: это удачная операционная система, которая нравится пользователям.

Источник

Экс-сотрудник Microsoft о бюрократии и игнорировании пользователей.

16 августа бывший сотрудник Microsoft Кристиан Эрнандес в своем блоге на Medium рассказал о причинах, по которым Microsoft потерпела поражение в войне мобильных платформ, а Apple и Google стали новыми мировыми лидерами. Редакция vc.ru публикует адаптированный перевод материала.

В 2012 году издание Vanity Fair опубликовало большую статью о Microsoft под руководством Стива Балмера и про «потерянное десятилетие»: «При взгляде на Windows Phone нельзя не удивиться, как же Microsoft умудрилась свести на нет то преимущество, которое она завоевала с помощью операционной системы CE? Компания опережала конкурентов на несколько лет вперед, но внутренняя бюрократия съела весь прогресс», — писал Эд МакКэхил.

В 2003 году автор публикации Кристиан Эрнандес стажировался, а затем и работал в команде Windows Mobile: «Я понимаю, о чем говорит МакКэхил. Тогда у меня и у моих коллег было ощущение, что нам выпал шанс возглавить грядущую эволюцию мобильных интернет-устройств. Но потом что-то пошло не так», — вспоминает он.

Предыстория

Новый виток развития мобильных устройств наступил с появлением КПК. В 1993 году Apple выпустила первый в истории КПК Newton MessagePad, которому, впрочем, так и не удалось добиться коммерческого успеха. Спустя три года Palm выпустила одноименное устройство, которое стало первым массовым КПК в истории.

В октябре 2001 Microsoft представила операционную систему для КПК Pocket PC, созданную на базе Windows CE. В том же году компания Nokia совместно с производителем ОС Symbian представила модель 9210 Communicator — новый тип устройства, объединивший возможности телефона и КПК. «Важно отметить, что Nokia раньше всех представила мобильный телефон с операционной системой — Communicator 9000, который считается самым первым смартфоном. Это было в 1996 году», — рассказывает Эрнандес.

Nokia 9110 Communicator

Поэтому в 1999 году, когда Билл Гейтс объявил о разработке смартфона на ядре ОС WinCE, рынок портативных мобильных устройств уже был переполнен. Однако у Microsoft существовали преимущества, которые могли помочь ей одержать победу:

  • Надежная база. В операционной системе WinCE и платформе для КПК Pocket PC были уже знакомые пользователям программы, что позволяло безболезненно перенести пользовательский опыт с ПК на мобильное устройство.
  • Тесные связи с производителями процессоров и оборудования (OEM). Это позволяло скопировать для рынка смартфонов маркетинговую модель «Wintel» (объединение с Intel для совместного доминирования на рынке ПК, — прим. перев.). В этом случае производители также выпускали бы свои устройства на платформе Microsoft, а компания помогала с их маркетингом и дизайном.
  • Поддержка сообщества разработчиков. Компания поддерживала разработчиков программного обеспечения и могла рассчитывать на ответную поддержку при переходе на мобильную платформу. Кроме того, у Microsoft уже были свои собственные программные решения — Outlook, Word, Excel, MSN Messenger, Internet Explorer и XBox.
  • Деньги на маркетинговую кампанию для захвата своего сегмента рынка.

Буквально с первых дней существования беспроводного протокола передачи данных — WAP, я работал в команде Windows Mobile, а затем — в Google. Этот опыт помог мне разобраться, почему Windows так и не смог стать лидирующей мобильной платформой.

Кристиан Эрнандес, бывший сотрудник Microsoft, сооснователь венчурного фонда White Star

1. Microsoft была вынуждена сражаться на слишком многих фронтах

Расположенный ниже график показывает, что в первой мобильной войне участвовали не только Nokia и Microsoft, но также и Palm и Blackberry (в прошлом — RIM).

  • Nokia доминировала на рынке мобильных телефонов и смартфонов за пределами США, кроме того, у компании были налажены отношения с мобильными операторами.
  • Компания Palm была признанным лидером на рынке КПК.
  • Blackberry провела блестящую рекламную кампанию, и ее смартфоны стали неотъемлемой составляющей образа современного банкира.

Поэтому, чтобы потеснить Nokia, Palm и BlackBerry, Windows Mobile нужно было представить универсальное устройство для самой разной клиентской аудитории. Одновременно и надежный телефон, и КПК, и интернет-смартфон, который синхронизировался бы с почтовыми сервисами.

В конце концов, в то время на рынке было слишком много игроков.

2. Microsoft не контролировала самых популярных производителей мобильных устройств

Главными союзниками Microsoft оставались члены «картеля Wintel»: HP, Dell, IBM. Однако ни одна из этих компаний не занимала на рынке мобильных устройств большую долю: в начале 2000-х ключевыми игроками здесь были Nokia, Siemens, Sony Ericsson и Samsung.

Увидев, в какой изоляции оказались производители компьютерных систем, эти компании отказались от сотрудничества с Microsoft. В 2002 году заказ на разработку и производство первых смартфонов для своей операционной системы ей пришлось отдать неизвестной тогда компании HTC.

В 2003 году мы вели переговоры с Motorola и Samsung, ведущими производителями телефонов первого уровня, чтобы они выпустили первые смартфоны под собственным брендом — MPx200 и i700 — на нашей операционной системе. В результате устройства были выпущены.

Кристиан Эрнандес

Только спустя много лет Sony Ericsson и Nokia решили совершить переход на Windows Mobile. Правда, последняя — под давлением обстоятельств.

Motorola MPx200

3. Microsoft никак не могла выбрать свою целевую аудиторию

Самым крупным источником поражения Windows Mobile стала Microsoft. В 2000 году компания наняла Юху Кристенсена, ранее работавшего в Psion (создатель ОС Symbian). «Его целью было свести войну за лидерство к противостоянию всего двух компаний — Nokia/Symbian и Microsoft», — вспоминает Эрнандес.

Эта стратегия подразумевала конкуренцию по объемам проданных устройств. Соответственно, предложение товара должно было строиться вокруг массового потребителя. Иными словами, акцент нужно было делать на потребительских активах Microsoft — MSN Messenger, Internet Explorer, XBox.

Но Windows Mobile было маленьким подразделением в составе Microsoft, а основные деньги приносили другие продукты — Office и решения для серверов. В этих сегментах компания конкурировала с Blackberry и ее бизнес-продуктом — Enterprise Server. Поэтому фокус разработчиков мобильной платформы так же был смещен на создание полупрофессионального устройства с поддержкой Outlook и высокой производительностью.

Кристиан Эрнандес

В последующие годы компания также не могла выбрать свою целевую аудиторию. В итоге в 2003 году Кристенсен покинул Windows Mobile, и компания конкурировала то с Nokia (массовый потребитель), то с Blackberry (профессиональный потребитель).

4. Продукт не соответствовал критериям совершения покупки

«Логотип Windows продавал компьютеры. Следовательно, решили в компании, люди будут приобретать телефоны только потому, что в них установлена платформа от Microsoft, — пишет Эрнандес. — Однако в то время людей еще не интересовало, на какой платформе работает их устройство».

Они выбирали Motorola RAZR, потому что у него был дерзкий дизайн, или Nokia N86, потому что у него была 8-мегапиксельная камера, или LG 3100, потому что он стоил дешевле всех. «В то время, — продолжает Эрнандес, — телефон был просто телефоном и от него требовалось совершать и принимать звонки».

5. Продукт не учитывал покупательские привычки

Для работы с КПК на PocketPC требовались две руки, ведь данные вводились при помощи стилуса. Для устройств с небольшими экранами без сенсора на базе платформы PocketPC в 2002 году была разработана платформа Smartphone. Очевидно, что для использования смартфонов требовалась только одна рука, поэтому рынок воспринял новинку достаточно прохладно. Компания хотела отказаться от платформы PocketPC в пользу Smartphone, но потребители предпочитали двуручный ввод, что являлось основным критерием совершения покупки.

«В скором времени это правило подтвердили iPhone и Android: при прочих равных клиенты выбирают возможность вводить данные при помощи двух рук, а также большие экраны. Однако Microsoft, конкурировавшая с BlackBerry, решила использовать клавиатуру, а не тачскрин», — рассказывает Эрнандес.

6. Microsoft использовала устаревшую бизнес-модель

Компания зарабатывала миллиарды на продаже лицензионных копий Windows производителям ПК. «Поэтому там решили, что точно такая же модель может сработать и с производителями мобильных устройств, — возмущается Эрнандес. — Однако в мобильном мире расстановка сил и ожидания потребителей отличались».

В США мобильные операторы субсидируют покупку телефонов, поэтому финансовое бремя от решения Microsoft легло на них, а не на производителей. Стоимость лицензии на одно устройство была $10, что привело к удорожанию спецификации и в конечном итоге — оптовой цены.

«Однажды, — вспоминает Эрнандес, — новый финансовый директор Windows Mobile поделился со мной своими соображениями. Он считал, что компании нужно отходить от индивидуального сбора в пользу прибыли за использование сервисов. Если бы только его услышало руководство!».

Apple перевернула старую модель. Компания представила такое устройство, за которые покупатели были готовы платить и $500. Еще больше модель перевернула Google, когда представила Android — бесплатную, более насыщенную и более открытую операционную систему.

7. Microsoft, Blackberry и Nokia ограничивали web

«Последний гвоздь в гроб Windows Mobile был забит в 2007 — 2008 году, когда Apple и Google представили свои устройства. И дело было даже не в дизайне iPhone и форм-факторе G1, а в том, что устройства были способны отображать web-страницы так же, как и компьютерные браузеры», — рассказывает Эрнандес.

Microsoft, BlackBerry и Nokia считали, что обладают правом решать, как должен выглядеть мобильный интернет. Из-за маленьких экранов своих устройств, они пытались сжать и ограничить веб. А в Google и Apple считали, что необходимо стремиться к полной поддержке HTML. И потребители проголосовали за их версию.

Заключение

Предсказав в 1999 году, что мобильные технологии и интернет изменят мир, Билл Гейтс был прав. И ставка, которую сделала Microsoft на мобильные операционные системы, обладала высоким шансом на успех. «Однако даже на пике своего могущества компания никогда не занимала больше 15% рынка мобильных операционных систем. И сейчас стало очевидно, что сбылся прогноз и известного аналитика Бенедикта Эванса: Google и Apple выиграли мобильную войну.

«И было бы нечестно, если бы я не упомянул о печально известном видео, в котором руководитель Microsoft Стив Баллмер высмеивает первый iPhone и считает, что он никогда не сможет обрести популярность из-за отсутствия клавиатуры» — подытоживает Эрнандес.

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