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The window was broken ______ a hammer.
-
He was knocked down _______ a car.
-
The lion was shot ______ a rifle.
-
That novel was written _______ D. Lawrence.
-
The garden was dug ______ a spade.
-
The city was attacked _______ the enemy.
-
The pudding was made ______ fruit and
chocolate. -
He was hit ______ a handbag.
-
The picture was painted ______ Pollack.
-
The house was built ______ wood and bricks.
VI. Rewrite the newspaper headlines as complete sentences.
-
Rare bird found in remote countryside
-
Queen welcomed to Australia yesterday
-
New Jersey to be hit by bad weather
tomorrow -
Five people injured in car accident
-
Experiments being carried out on Moon rocks
-
Pop concert called off yesterday because of
rain
VII. Use the verbs in the correct form.
-
I`ve collected all the documents that
(need) for the house sale. Can you take them to the lawyer`s office
to (sign)? -
Look, this is a secret. Come into the
garden where we (not/overhear). -
If you hadn`t been so late for work, you
(not/sack). -
This office is very inefficient. The
telephone (never/answer) promptly, no proper records (keep), and,
worst of all, no reports (written) for weeks. -
I was so worried about my garden while I
was in hospital, but I have very good neighbours. When I got home I
could see that the vegetables (water) every day and the grass (cut)
regularly. -
Can you come to the police station? The man
who (suspect) of stealing your wallet (arrest), and (question) at
the moment. The police hope he (identify), either by you or another
witness. -
We had hoped to see several famous
paintings, but the gallery (reorganise) at the time of our visit and
most of the really valuable works (move) for safe keeping.
VIII. Correct the mistake, if any.
-
My neighbour is very proud of her new
grandson who born last week. -
I`m very fond of this old brooch because it
was belonged to my grandmother. -
My family live in Scotland but I was
educated in France. -
I`m afraid I can`t lend you my camera. It`s
repairing this week. -
The bridge was collapsed during the floods
but fortunately no one was using it at the time. -
If you aren`t careful what you`re doing
with that hammer someone will hurt in a minute! -
The word `stupid` was in my report but it
wasn`t referred to you. -
I`m sorry I`m late. I got held up in the
traffic. -
When did you discover that the money had
been disappeared? -
Children under the age of seven do not
allow in this pool.
IX. Complete the sentences using the right tense of get or be.
-
I never found that book we were looking
for. It ________ lost when we moved house. -
After the way he behaved last time he went
to their house it`s unlikely he _______ asked there again. -
Naturally this vase is expensive. After
all, it ______ believed to be over three hundred years old. -
I phoned to explain what had happened but I
________ cut off before I could finish. -
There isn`t any cheese left; I`m afraid, it
_______ eaten by the children. -
He was a well-known expert on animal
diseases and his opinions ________ greatly respected. -
The competition is stiff and she`ll be
thrilled if her design ______ chosen. -
The book _______ torn when the children
started fighting over who should read it first. -
Please don`t touch anything on my desk. You
_______ employed to answer the telephone, not to tidy the office. -
She was quite friendly at first, then she
_______ promoted and now she doesn`t care about us any more.
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Ответ:
1)The window was broken BY a hammer
Перевод: Стекло разбили молотком.
2)My sweater is made of wool
Перевод: Мой свитер сделан из шерсти
3)The play was written by Shakespeare.
Перевод: Пьеса была написана Шекспиром
Объяснение:
1)Если выбрать WITH это будет переводиться как: Стекло разбили С молотком,что не очень грамотно.
Если выбрать BY то это будет переводиться как: Окно было разбито молотком,перевод грамотный но на английском это не грамотно
2) My sweater is made WITH wool,что переводиться как: Мой свитер с шерстью
My sweater is made BY wool, тоесть это пеоеводиться,что свитер был сделан шерстью.Да,типо шерсть его сделала
3) The play was written WITH Shakespeare,что переводиться как: пьеса была написанна С Шекспиром
Но вообще-то ШЕКСПИР написал пьесу он не был в ней
The play was written OF Sheakspeare,что переводиться как: Пьеса была написана (о) Шекспир
И это вообще не грамотно
Помогите пожалуйста!
Вставьте предлоги направления
1.
He was sitting with his feet ___ the fire.
2. We walked ___ the corner and saw the lost cat.
3. She was sitting with the back turned ___ the window.
4. Three men pulled the cart ___ the ditch.
5. You can’t talk to Mr.
Green today.
He is ___ town this week.
6. I enjoy looking ___ the window and wath the people in the street.
7. The cat got ___ the house ___ the window.
На этой странице находится ответ на вопрос Помогите пожалуйста?, из категории
Английский язык, соответствующий программе для 10 — 11 классов. Чтобы посмотреть
другие ответы воспользуйтесь «умным поиском»: с помощью ключевых слов
подберите похожие вопросы и ответы в категории Английский язык. Ответ, полностью
соответствующий критериям вашего поиска, можно найти с помощью простого
интерфейса: нажмите кнопку вверху страницы и сформулируйте вопрос иначе.
Обратите внимание на варианты ответов других пользователей, которые можно не
только просмотреть, но и прокомментировать.
Интересная тема. Жаль, что люди, которые по профессии должны таким интересоваться, по традиции еще с efl.ru обсуждают в основном угары-выгарания и разные анекдоты. Ну да ладно.
Здесь, похоже, далеко не всякая конструкция to see something done звучит хорошо. У Свона есть малюсенький раздел с заголовком «I heard my name repeated». Все примеры хорошие. А вот этот что-то не очень. Возможно, когда participle II может означать и обычное состояние («the window is broken)», see + participle II выглядит неоднозначно.
I saw the window to have been broken.
Этот пример по ссылке вообще противоречит стандартному использованию перфектного инфинитива. Я бы оттуда прислушался лишь к этому мнению:
Both sentences don’t look good English to me.
Еще пример из ролика, который кинул сюда Йети, тоже немного не такой. Там после see не просто participle II , а целый clause.
I Saw It Done With A Blunt Ax Once. Took All Day. — неплохо, вроде бы.
This type of window is billed as shatterproof. But I saw one broken with a blunt ax once. — вроде бы тоже
Мы разобрали шесть видовременных форм глагола или времен, если выразиться короче. Три времени Simple и три времени Continuous. На этом уроке вы узнаете, что такое пассивный залог и убедитесь в том, что ничего сложного в этой теме нет.
Содержание:
- Активный залог и пассивный залог.
- Времена Simple в пассивном залоге.
- Предлоги by и with.
- Глаголы с предлогом в пассивном залоге.
- Местоимение one вместо существительного.
- Упражнения.
- Словарь.
Активный и пассивный залог в английском языке
Предложения с глаголами вида Simple и Continuous, которые мы рассматривали, объединены одной особенностью – во всех этих предложениях действие направлено ОТ подлежащего, то есть подлежащее совершает действие, а не подвергается ему. Когда подлежащее совершает действие, мы говорим, что действие выражено глаголом в активном залоге.
Но бывают случаи, когда действие направлено НА подлежащее, когда НАД подлежащим совершается действие. В этом случае мы говорим, что глагол в пассивном залоге.
Иначе говоря, залог – это направление действия, которое выражает глагол. Действие может быть направлено в двух направлениях: от подлежащего (активный залог) и на подлежащее (пассивный залог). На практике это выражено тем, что глагол принимает особую форму.
Приведу пример из русского языка:
- Активный залог:
Человек преследует медведя.
Садовник отремонтировал дверь.
- Пассивный залог:
Медведь преследуем человеком.
Дверь отремонтирована садовником.
В русском языке пассивный залог зачастую, как в примерах выше, звучит неказисто, слишком «по-протокольному», поэтому в разговорной речи его употребляют редко. В английском он тоже используется намного реже активного залога, но иногда обойтись без него невозможно.
Времена Simple в пассивном залоге
В английском языке несколько форм пассивного залога, на этом уроке мы разберем самые простые и нужные – аналог времен Simple, но в пассивном залоге. Предложение строится по схеме:
Подлежащее + to be + verb-3
Например:
The chair is broken. – Стул сломан.
The house is built. – Дом построен.
Схема вам хорошо знакома. Уже на самых первых уроках мы строили предложения по такой же схеме, но с прилагательными, такие как «I am sure», «He is happy» и т. д. Предложение с пассивным отличается только тем, что мы используем не прилагательное или существительное, а причастие прошедшего времени. В остальном разницы абсолютно никакой — причастие прошедшего времени ведет себя в этой схеме абсолютно так же, как прилагательное, по смыслу оно тоже близко к прилагательному.
Соответственно, вы уже знаете, как поставить такое предложение в прошедшее и будущее время. Поставьте глагол to be в форму прошедшего времени, и вы получите Past Simple в пассивном залоге. Эта видовременная форма используется, когда речь идет о действии, совершенном в какой-то момент прошлого:
The chair was broken yesterday. – Стул был сломан вчера.
The house was built in 2010. – Дом был построен в 2010 году.
Переведите глагол to be в будущее время, и получите Future Simple в пассивном залоге:
The chair will be broken tomorrow. – Стул будет сломан завтра.
The house will be built in a year. – Дом будет построен через год.
Вы также уже знаете, как поставить эти предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы – точно так же, как предложение типа «I am sure»:
The chair is not broken. – Стул не сломан.
Is the chair broken? – Стул сломан?
Предлоги by и with
С глаголом в пассивном залоге часто используется предлог by, когда нужно выразить, чем или кем произведено действие:
The chair is broken by my friend. – Стул сломан моим другом.
The house is built by my family. – Дом построен моей семьей.
Предлог with используется, когда называется инструмент, которым произведено действие:
The chair is broken with a hammer. – Стул сломан молотком.
The house is built with our tools. – Дом построен нашими инструментами.
Не перепутайте эти предлоги. Если вы скажете “The chair is broken with my friend”, получится, что кто-то сломал стул, ударив по нему вашим другом.
Если после by или with требуется личное местоимение, оно используется в объектном падеже:
- Правильно: The chair is broken by him.
- Неправильно: The chair is broken by he.
Глаголы с предлогом в пассивном залоге
Некоторые глаголы настолько связаны с сопутствующими им предлогами, что сливаются с ними в практически цельные (по значению, а не написанию) слова или выражения.
Например: to take care of smb, smt — заботиться о ком-то, чем-то.
Если такой глагол ставится в одну из форм пассивного залога, предлог не переносится в начало предложения (как в русском языке), а остается в позиции после глагола.
- Правильно: The problem was taken care of. — О проблеме позаботились.
- Неправильно: Of the problem was taken care. — О проблеме позаботились.
Местоимение one вместо существительного
На одном из предыдущих уроков я уже упоминал, что вспомогательные глаголы иногда используются вместо смысловых во избежание повторения («глаголы-заменители»), например:
I run faster than you do. — Я бегаю быстрее, чем вы (бегаете).
Здесь «do» используется, чтобы не повторять «run».
Местоимение one часто используется в разговорной речи вместо существительного с той же целью — чтобы избежать повторения. Обычно one следует за прилагательным. Например:
— The vase was broken. — Ваза была разбита.
— The green one? — Зеленая?
— No, the yellow one. — Нет, желтая.
Здесь слово «one» не несет никакого смысла, оно лишь формально заменяет подразумеваемое слово «vase». Учтите, что использовать прилагательное без определяемого существительного в подобных случаях нельзя (хотя в русском языке можно), нужно либо назвать существительное, либо заменить его на «one»:
- Правильно: The vase was broken. The yellow one. — Ваза разбита. Желтая.
- Правильно: The vase was broken. The yellow vase. — Ваза разбита. Желтая ваза.
- Неправильно: The vase was broken. The yellow. — Ваза разбита. Желтая.
Упражнения
Словарь
Как и в русском языке, в английском некоторые глаголы используются в пассивном залоге чаще других, в том числе и в самых обычных повседневных ситуациях.
- be made (of smt) — быть сделанным (из чего-то)
The vase is made of glass. — Ваза сделана из стекла.
- be born — быть рожденным
I was born in 1985. — Я родился в 1985 году.
- be broken — быть сломанным, разбитым
The window is broken with a stone. — Стекло разбито камнем.
- be found — быть найденным
Your car was found in another city. — Ваша машина была найдена в другом городе.
Обратите внимание, что такие глаголы как «дать», «сказать» в русском языке обычно не употребляются в пассивном залоге, но употребляются в английском.
- be told — сказать (букв.: быть сказанным, быть тем, кому сказали)
I was told that you are sick. — Мне сказали, что вы больны.
- be given — дать (букв.: быть данным, получить что-то)
You are given freedom. — Тебе дали свободу.
- be hurt — получить ранение, пострадать
Are you hurt? — Вы в порядке? (вы не пострадали?)
- be built — быть построенным
Your house is not built yet. — Ваш дом еще не построен.
- be used — быть использованным
My house was used as a warehouse. — Мой дом использовали как склад.
- be sent — быть отправленным
You letter was not sent. — Ваше письмо не было отправлено.
- be killed — быть убитым, погибнуть
They were killed by a wild animal. — Они были убиты диким животным.
- be left — быть оставленным
Your bag was left on the bench. — Ваша сумка была оставлена на скамейке.
- be seen — быть увиденным
Were you seen? — Вас кто-нибудь видел?
- be caught — быть пойманным
The criminal was caught by the local police. — Преступник был пойман местной полицией.
- be sold — быть проданным
Sorry, but the car is sold. — Извините, но машина продана.
- be bought — быть купленным
The horse wasn’t bought. — Лошадь не была куплена.
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Здравствуйте! Меня зовут Сергей Ним, я автор этого сайта, а также книг, курсов, видеоуроков по английскому языку.
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A. Choose the correct word or phrase.
1 The prime minister was / has criticised for his recent actions.
2 When I walked past the Wilsons’ house, their new sofa was / has being delivered.
3 Our teacher was / has told us to take our favourite book to school tomorrow.
4 I think my mobile was / has been stolen!
5 Jonathan was / has chosen to play the lead role in the school play.
6 I’m sleeping downstairs because my bedroom is being painted / has been painting.
7 This picture was / has probably taken during the winter.
8 Your essays must be / have handed in on Friday morning.
9 Someone was / has left their wallet on the floor.
10 Did you hear about the bank being / having robbed?
11 Treasure Island was / has written by Robert Louis Stevenson.
12 It was a real shock when my dad was / has fired from his job.
13 The Vikings had visited America before it was / has discovered by Columbus.
14 When we got to the airport, we learned that our flight was / had been delayed.
15 Was / Has your ticket for the concert tomorrow paid for by you or your parents?
Answer
1 was 2 was 3 has 4 has 5 was
6 is being painted 7 was 8 be
9 has 10 being 11 was 12 was
13 was 14 had 15 Was
B. Complete using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1 The Earth ………………………… (hold) by the gravity of the Sun and orbits around it.
2 The first feature-length comedy film ………………………… (create) by Charlie Chaplin.
3 The award for best video ………………………… (present) later this evening.
4 By the time you read this, I ………………………… (arrest) for murder.
5 I don’t know whether our tests ………………………… (mark) yet or not.
6 Radio waves ………………………… (discover) by Marconi.
7 You wouldn’t think it to look at him now, but Jack ………………………… (bully) when he was at school.
8 Your application ………………………… (consider) and we will let you know was soon as we’ve made a decision.
9 The roof of the car can ………………………… (lower) by pressing this button here.
10 Our tent ………………………… (blow) over in the night by the wind.
11 Chess ………………………… (play) for around two thousand years now.
12 Two men ………………………… (question) at this moment by police in connection with the burglary.
Answer
1 is held 2 was created
3 is going to/will be presented
4 will have been arrested
5 have been marked
6 were discovered
7 was bullied
8 is being considered
9 be lowered 10 was blown
11 has been played
12 are being questioned
C. Write sentences in the passive.
1 Our car / service / a mechanic / at the moment.
……………………………………………….
2 A man / shoot / an air gun / outside the petrol station last night.
……………………………………………….
3 Gunpowder / invent / the Chinese.
……………………………………………….
4 At the surgery yesterday, I / examine / Dr Peterson / and I / give / a prescription.
……………………………………………….
5 I went to see it because I / tell / it was a good film / all my friends.
……………………………………………….
6 This photograph / take / my grandfather.
……………………………………………….
7 It looked like the window / break / a hammer / some time before.
……………………………………………….
8 Our dog / give / an injection / a special syringe / the vet.
……………………………………………….
9 The winning goal in last night’s match / score / Donatello / a brilliant free kick.
……………………………………………….
10 Your cheque / send / last Friday and / should / deliver / to you tomorrow.
……………………………………………….
Answer
1 Our car is being serviced by a mechanic at the moment.
2 A man was shot with an air gun outside the petrol station last night.
3 Gunpowder was invented by the Chinese.
4 At the surgery yesterday, I was examined by Dr Peterson and I was given a prescription.
5 I went to see it because I had been told it was a good film by all my friends.
6 This photograph was taken by my grandfather.
7 It looked like the window had been broken with a hammer some time before.
8 Our dog was given an injection with a special syringe by the vet.
9 The winning goal in last night’s match was scored by Donatello with a brilliant free kick.
10 Your check was sent last Friday and should be delivered to you tomorrow.
D. Rewrite using the phrase given.
1 They have been building the new road for a long time now. (under construction)
……………………………………………….
2 They had been training the horse for the race for over a year. (in training)
……………………………………………….
3 They have been discussing the issue in Parliament. (under discussion)
……………………………………………….
4 They had been observing the criminal for the past two weeks. (under observation)
……………………………………………….
5 They have been using this plane for over 25 years now. (in use)
……………………………………………….
6 They have been developing the Cyborg D423 robot for over ten years. (in development)
……………………………………………….
Answer
1 The new road has been under construction for a long time now.
2 The horse had been in training for the race for over a year.
3 The issue has been under discussion in Parliament.
4 The criminal had been under observation for the past two weeks.
5 This plane has been in use for over 25 years now.
6 The Cyborg D423 robot has been in development for over ten years.
E. Rewrite in the passive starting with the words given.
1 People say that Bali is a beautiful island.
It ………………………………………………
2 People generally think that life won’t be found on Mars.
It ………………………………………………
3 It is generally said that Christmas is too commercialised.
Christmas ………………………………………………
4 People often argue that prison doesn’t work.
It ………………………………………………
5 People have suggested that the school should start to produce a magazine.
It ………………………………………………
6 People say that crocodile tastes like squid.
Crocodile ………………………………………………
7 It is said that the Vikings discovered America before Columbus.
The Vikings ………………………………………………
8 People think that heart disease is caused by eating the wrong things.
Heart disease ………………………………………………
Answer
1 is said that Bali is a beautiful island.
2 is generally thought that life won’t be found on Mars.
3 is generally said to be too commercialised.
4 is often argued that prison doesn’t work.
5 has been suggested that the school start to produce a magazine.
6 is said to taste like squid.
7 are said to have discovered America before Columbus.
8 is thought to be caused by eating the wrong things.
F. Choose the correct answer.
1 We …………… a swimming pool put in this week.
A get B are having
C have D have got
2 Why don’t you get a doctor …………… at your arm?
A to look B looked
C look D be looking
3 My teeth were a little yellow so I …………… by the dentist.
A had cleaned them
B have them cleaned
C was cleaned them
D had them cleaned
4 Stuart’s thinking of having ……………!
A shaved his head
B his head shaving
C his head shaved
D shaved to his head
5 My sister …………… her ear pierced last weekend.
A made B got
C did D took
6 Mum and Dad didn’t fancy cooking, so we got a pizza …………… .
A be delivered
B to be delivered
C delivered
D deliver
7 You should …………… a professional to check your house for earthquake damage.
A have B make
C take D get
8 Kelly wanted to have a live band …………… at her wedding.
A to be played B play
C played D been playing
9 Can we …………… this summer?
A get installed air-conditioning
B get air-conditioning to install
C have installed air-conditioning
D have air-conditioning installed
10 We …………… while we were on holiday.
A were burgled our house
B had our house burgled
C had burgled our house
D got burgled our house
Answer
1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 B
6 C 7 D 8 B 9 D 10 B
G. Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
1 Someone has scratched my car on the door! been
My car ……………………………… on the door!
2 Tommy is having an operation right now. being
Tommy ……………………………… right now.
3 Has Fiona invited you to her party? been
Have ……………………………… party?
4 Shakespeare probably wrote this play in 1587. written
This play ……………………………… Shakespeare in 1587.
5 The government is considering a new law to ban smoking following new research. considered
A new law to ban smoking ……………………………… following new research.
6 My mum told me to go to Megagrocers. sent
I ……………………………… my mum.
7 I didn’t understand a word so I asked my teacher and she explained it to me. got
I didn’t understand a word so I ……………………………… it to me.
Answer
1 has been scratched
2 is being operated on
3 you been invited to Fiona’s
4 was probably written by
5 is being considered
6 was sent to Megagrocer’s by
7 got my teacher to explain
H. Find the extra word.
Wedding disaster
(1) My wedding had been being arranged for months. I knew exactly what I (2) wanted for that special day. I had the caterers to give me a menu and (3) have got them to provide me with samples so that I could be sure we (4) would have the best food. I also wanted to have us a string quartet play (5) classical music and I arranged that, too. My dress was been being made (6) specially and I had told the dressmaker put silver thread in it. Finally, the (7) big day got arrived. My dress was being delivered in the morning, but by (8) ten it still hadn’t arrived. They called me and said it had been being (9) damaged! I was furious! I had my best friend quickly to pop out and get (10) a new dress. I had got my lawyer to call to get my money back.
Answer
1 being 2 to 3 have 4 us 5 been
6 told 7 got 8 being 9 to 10 had
I. Rewrite with the indirect object at the end of the sentence.
1 My dad got me a great computer game!
…………………………………………..
2 Dave sent Jill a really nice letter.
…………………………………………..
3 I threw Colin the ball.
…………………………………………..
4 The waiter offered us a menu.
…………………………………………..
5 The hotel provides its guests with satellite television.
…………………………………………..
6 My grandma taught me this song.
…………………………………………..
Answer
1 My dad got a great computer game for me.
2 Dave sent a really nice letter to Jill.
3 I threw the ball to Colin.
4 The waiter offered a menu to us.
5 The hotel provides satellite television to/for its guests.
6 My grandma taught this song to me.
J. Write one word in each gap.
The European Diet
It’s hard for us to imagine what (1) ………………… included in the European diet before America (2) ………………… discovered (3) ………………… Columbus in 1492. So many ingredients which today (4) ………………… grown all over the world (5) ………………… unknown to medieval Europeans. Potatoes, tomatoes, maize and chocolate (6) ………………… all originally imported from the New World. Until then, meals had (7) ………………… prepared using ingredients native to Europe, such as root vegetables. Of course, spices such as pepper (8) ………………… been traded and added to food for centuries. When the potato (9) ………………… first introduced, it was surprisingly unpopular. It (10) ………………… considered to be poisonous and it took a long time to become common. There is a story of Parmentier, a French army officer, who (11) ………………… potatoes planted in the royal garden and (12) ………………… Marie Antoinette to wear a potato flower to make them fashionable. The poor peasants were curious about the new plants and many of them (13) ………………… stolen to be planted in their own gardens. It was the start of French fries!
Answer
1 was 2 was 3 by 4 are 5 were 6 were 7 been
8 had 9 was 10 was 11 had/got 12 got 13 were
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