What is better linux or windows

There’s a lot of fanboyism when it comes to picking an operating system, with vocal supporters on all sides. The Linux vs Windows discussion is an age-old battle that has been fought over for years now. 

It is important to stress that the ‘best’ operating system cannot have a single answer, as the best really depends upon the requirements of the user. 

Here we discuss the pros and cons of both systems, as we hope to deliver a fair review based on specific criteria. Perhaps this will help you decide between Windows or Linux.

The ideal way to start this discussion is by talking about the differences between Linux and Windows. We dive into this after talking briefly about each OS.

Linux vs Windows: Head-to-Head Comparison

What is Windows Operating System?

The Windows Operating System was first released in 1985 by Microsoft. It now dominates the OS market, with the largest user base around the globe. Through updates, every OS version gets a unique graphical user interface. Windows actually has two modes: the user mode and kernel. The latter runs critical system processes, while the former runs typical applications. 

Most of the commercial systems that we see today work on the Windows Operating System, which is designed to work on the x86 hardware, including Intel and AMD.

Here’s a list of pros and cons of the Windows OS:

What is Linux Operating System?

The Linux Operating System is an open-source OS created in the early 1990s by Linus Torvalds. Based on UNIX, Linux allows users to modify the existing code and produce different versions or distributions of it, which they can re-use and even sell. 

Linux has emerged as the top choice for setting up servers, which is why most web pages on the internet are served via systems backed by one of its distributions. The OS is also popularly used in desktops, mobile, consoles, eBook readers, and much more.

Here’s a list of pros and cons of the Linux OS:

Differences between Linux and Windows

Here we’ll go over the difference between Windows and Linux based on select criteria.

1. Price and Licensing

The Linux OS and most of its utilities and libraries are entirely free and open-source for use and modification. While paid distributions of the Linux OS with additional support are available in the market, they are very moderately priced. Linux, under GNU General Public License, allows users to modify, re-use in any number of systems, and even sell their own modified versions.

Microsoft Windows OS comes with the Microsoft License, which does not give users access to the source code. Thus, no modification can be performed at the standard user level. The Microsoft License ranges from $70 to $200 for its standard versions, and can only be installed on a certain number of computers as specified in your purchase.

2. Ease of Use

This might be a tough comparison to make, as it may vary from person to person. However, Linux has revamped its usability standing over the years through constant modernization. With the release of distributions such as Linux Mint, the installation, and setup process has been made simpler. Through continuous updates, people with little or no technical knowledge can also install software and perform normal activities such as email, play music and videos, and browse the internet.

Due to the market dominance Windows has, it comes pre-installed on many devices. If you are purchasing a new device, there is a high chance that it will come with a Windows OS version installed. With the supremacy it has on the market, a vast majority of users are already accustomed to its interface. 

Moreover, the easy-to-use toolbar and easy installation of programs make it an excellent choice for both new and old users alike.

3. Support

As Linux has a huge user base around the globe, there is massive online support available for Linux. The Linux OS community provides support to users through forums, question boards, and support websites.

Windows OS has easily accessible support through integrated and online help systems, dedicated websites, and forums. In addition, numerous videos and books about Windows are available online.

4. Variety

Linux is celebrated for being open-source with several modifications in existence. There are a lot of distributions available which are highly customizable, based on the needs of the user. If you have knowledge of code, you can even alter the code yourself and modify the OS. Some of the most popular customized Ubuntu environments are Gnome, Cinnamon, Deepin, and LXQT.

In the Windows OS, customization is not as easy and a comparatively fewer number of customizations are available. Users mostly have what they get right out of the box, which may not be to everyone’s liking.

5. Speed

When it comes to speed, Linux trumps Windows by a great margin. Unlike Windows, Linux tends to minimize the ‘bogging’ when it comes to the use of multiple processes. The file system Ext4 in Linux does a commendable job at keeping the device efficient. Defragmentation is now dead and buried in Linux. 

Windows OS can slow down to sometimes intolerable levels, which is somewhat inevitable over time. Memory and disk hogging is common when multiple processes are being used.

6. Privacy

Over the past few years, Windows has become increasingly advertisement driven. Users can opt out, but those concerned about privacy can find the experience grating. Many people are fond of the tools that Microsoft Windows offers, but they are intrusive regardless.

Linux users, on the other hand, have an OS that makes the privacy of its users a priority. Linux devices are also equipped with strong encryption, which means that users can be sure of better security and less intrusion from third-party applications.

7. Security

Linux is also considerably more secure than Windows. Attack vectors are still being discovered in Linux, due to its open-source technology. However, anyone can review the vulnerabilities, which makes the identification and resolving process faster and easier. 

Meanwhile, Windows has taken long strides in improving its security system over the years with a 5% decrease between 2020 and 2021, but it is still the primary target for malicious hackers. Due to its large user base, Microsoft is always vulnerable to new threats and when they do appear, they affect many users.

8. Run Level

A run level is the state of init (the first process started during booting) and the whole system which defines what system services are in operation. The run levels are identified using numbers. You can change run levels and the services that can run inside them, which offers more control over the system.

While Linux can stop at different run levels, Windows will reboot at run level 3 for an administrator to fix the encountered problem.

9. Command Line Usage

In the Linux OS, the command line is a very handy and powerful tool used for administration and daily tasks. 

In Windows, the ‘cmd’ command can be used to open a command line and perform a basic set of operations, while PowerShell offers more flexibility.

Recommended Linux Command Line Course:

10. Reliability

The Linux OS has a strong focus on system security, process management, and uptime. Linux has compromised on this, and is the most secure and reliable OS available.

On the contrary, even though Microsoft has made improvements in reliability over the years, it is nowhere near Linux. It has let go of many features for the sake of user-friendliness and ease of access, which may lead to system instability and security vulnerabilities.

11. System Updates

In the Linux OS, the user has full control over when and what to install updates. Windows is infamous for its somewhat random updates which can pop up at inconvenient times. For the lay user, it may not matter, but those with more computer experience would prefer Linux for the flexibility.

12. Compatibility

Windows wins this category hands down, as there are many more apps that work on Windows than Linux. Most developers want to develop on Windows because of its large userbase, and legacy apps also have a lot of support. 

Linux is not so lucky when it comes to compatibility.

13. Gaming

Windows wins the gaming race by a large margin. Steam, Epic, and many other clients are available to Windows users which provide them with the opportunity to play with both AAA titles and small indie games. Graphics card manufacturers focus their support on Windows due to the larger user base.

While Linux is slowly climbing its way into the gaming market, with the introduction of beta support for many games, it is hard to imagine that it will catch up with Windows. If you purchase a Linux OS, you will be missing out on a large number of games.

Linux Mastery: Master the Linux Command Line in 11.5 Hours

Windows vs Linux: Which is Better?

With the debate of Windows vs Linux operating systems explained briefly, you should be in a better position to choose between the two. It’s not that one is better than the other, it’s just that they both have different audiences in mind. Many people may ask is Linux better than Windows, or vice versa, but pick for yourself based on the information above.

Do you feel we left out any useful points in the article? Let us know in the comment section below. You can also check out some Linux System Administration Tutorials and Courses, which might help you get started with Linux.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is Linux or Windows Better?

There is no straight answer to this question, as both serve a different audience. If you want something that is easy to use and runs a lot of apps straight out of the box, choose Windows. If security, customizability, and reliability are important to you, choose Linux.

2. What is the Main Difference Between Linux and Windows?

The main differences between Linux and Windows are that Linux is more secure, private, and reliable. Windows is more intuitive and has support for more apps and hardware.

3. What Can Linux Do that Windows Can’t?

There are lots of such things. One major feature is that Linux does not need to restart the machine in order to install an update if the changes are minor.

4. Can Linux Run Windows Programs?

Yes, you can run Windows programs on Linux through third-party software. Bear in mind you cannot run all Windows programs, only a select few.

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Choosing the best platform – Linux or Windows is complicated. Because both the system is versatile and capable of doing many mission-oriented and regular task. So if I ask you which one is the best system between Linux and Windows? On this topic, you can start an ever-ending discussion. Windows OS is the most used operating system in the desktop world, no doubt in this statement, but “most used” can’t prove itself to be the best option in a bigger prospect.

We all know that cigarette is one of the “most used” consumer product in the world, but still, it’s not good for health. It’s challenging to leave smoking because people are habituated with this addiction. So why have I given this example which is entirely off topic? Because we all know, humanity is a slave of habit, and accordingly, most of the users are quite habituated with the use of a Windows system for quite a long time. Now they can’t leave it just like smoking. If a bird remains in a case, how will it enjoy freedom? Even one day, the bird will forget, he can fly.

Linux or Windows: Which One is the Best Platform?

Linux has thousands of overriding factors that can prove the best platform than the Windows system. Here, I want to clear one thing that Linux is a kernel, and with the compilation of many essential software and drivers, it makes a distro.

Recommended Post: Linux vs. Mac OS: 15 Reasons Why You Must Use Linux Instead of Mac OS

There are hundreds of Linux distributions available in the market, which stand apart from the crowd and compete with Windows OS or macOS. In this article, I will tell you some of the best things to know when choosing the best OS platform between Linux or Windows. So sit tight and get to know all the facts and findings that are going to unchain you and let you feel the freedom.

1. Linux vs Windows: Basic Foundation

Linux follows a distinguishing trait; its un-unified development process. No single entity has a complete grip on Linux. The Linux kernel, the base of the operating system, is developed and maintained by the Linux Foundation, where lots of community volunteers around the world are involved and make their best contribution. Linux distros are what we usually see as Linux OS. Many companies and volunteers have created these Linux distros around the world by compiling desktop environments, software, and hardware drivers with the core Kernel.

Each Linux distribution has its development cycle, which is not related to kernel development. Moreover, many organizations and community enthusiasts have created the desktop environment and window managers. Linux kernel and distros became popular, widely used, and adored by the mass people because of the support and contribution from its vast community.

Now let me say something about the Windows system. There is only one company – Microsoft, which is doing all the development and maintenance for the whole OS; kernel, desktop environment, and much of the pre-installed software. You have to accept whatever they offer you, whether it’s useful or not.

2. System Stability

Windows system is not lightweight or speedy; instead tends to get sluggish over time. You may feel your system outdated if not adequately maintained. Linux system is much quicker and doesn’t demand lots of resources. It can run on age-old hardware and modern high-end machines as well.

Many distros come with bare-bone elements for ensuring the best performances for the ultimate users. If you install a Linux distro and run it for a long time without any update or upgrade, you will not face a single problem, and yet you find the system as new as it was.

3. Hardware Support

Windows OS demands high configuration for optimal performance. But if you have an age-old desktop or laptop with lower-end hardware, then I strongly suggest you use a lightweight Linux distro like Lubuntu or Peppermint OS to give it a second life. You can use that older machine as a media server or FTP server.

Linux Kernel comes with a full-fledged driver solution inbuilt for the age-old machine. But in the case of a Windows system, you will face driver and software compatibility issues, system freezing issues, hardware-related drivers problem, etc. Moreover, Linux is also fully compatible with the most recent devices ensuring the highest performance.

4. Linux vs. Windows: Targeted User Group

Windows OS is commonly said as the best OS for novice users, but Linux can be suitable for beginners and advanced users. Windows is user-friendly because, from your childhood, you have only seen it in your home, school, or friend’s computer; you never saw a Linux system around.

So it was difficult for you to understand that there were many other far better options available on the other side of the coin. I suggest using a Linux distro like Ubuntu or Linux Mint, and I bet you will never look back again to get either Windows OS or macOS.

5. F.O.S.S vs. Proprietary

The motto of Linux is to let you feel the freedom of getting free and open source software. On the other hand, most of the software used in Windows and macOS are paid or proprietary. There is also some freeware software available for Windows OS, but eventually, it will cost you the penny when you need the essential tools or features on that specific application.

6. Linux vs Windows Security and Privacy

Security and personal privacy are the cornerstone factors for the Linux OS. That’s why it has enormous popularity among IT professionals. Linux system doesn’t provide root access or administrative privilege to the users by default. This is why the threats can’t hit the core of the Linux system except for some files and folders. But in the Windows system, malware and viruses get access to the system files easily and can damage a large scale.

Linux kernel is open source; thus, it’s more secure and well maintained due to the involvement of a large community that scans the flaws regularly. Moreover, maximum viruses or threats are being created for the Windows system keeping in mind. That’s why you need a good antivirus for Windows OS just at the beginning. Linux is immune from the threats, but if you follow the best practices, you probably will be safe than a Windows system.

Recommended Post: Debian vs Ubuntu: Top 15 Things To Know Before Choosing the Best One

In a container of Windows OS, your every step and footprint are tracked and recorded. Microsoft does keep all the personal information, and we don’t know with whom; it shares the information. On the other hand, it’s quite impossible to make any backdoor in the Linux kernel.

7. Antivirus and Malware Threat

Windows OS is the best home for viruses and malware threats. I believe you know it. After completing the Windows installation, I know you go searching for a good antivirus to protect the system. But in the case of Linux, you hardly need to think about it. Linux security and malware protection are hardened to some extent “fresh-out-of-the-box.”

But you know, the threat is a threat; it may come anywhere anytime. Linux has a huge community to help you out. Whenever any malware or threats go into the Linux system, the community will provide you with a security patch to remove it within no time.

8. Linux or Windows: Customization

Linux is much more customizable than Windows OS. In the Windows system, everything comes pre-configured and as a closed source. There is hardly anything that you can change as per your needs. There are a command shell “cmd,” still it’s not useful to make any root-level changes. Now a day, things are changing a bit with the tools of “PowerShell.” But that’s not enough to attract the developers’ community.

On the other hand, you can change every bit of the Linux system as per your requirements. The Linux kernel itself and all the software used in Linux come as open source, and users can do any modification under specific rules. Linux CLI environment is too robust to perform root-level tasks. Moreover, you can change the overall look and feel of your Linux distros via distro-specific tweak tools.

9. Administrative Privilege and Root Access

Linux provides root-level administrative access through a command-line interface where users can perform mission-oriented tasks effortlessly. With the help of root access, you can change every bit of things in the Linux ecosystem. But in the Windows system, everything is pre-set by Microsoft. You hardly have any administrative privileges to perform root-level tasks.

10. Programming Platform for Developers

If you are a programmer or intend to do programming, I highly suggest using Linux instead of Windows OS. You will find lots of programming languages or IDEs here. All those developers’ tools are made, keeping in mind the Linux environment first. Hence they work efficiently and smoothly on the Linux platform.

11. Install, Update and Upgrade

It’s easy and effortless to install and update systems or any third-party software in Linux. All the software and system update files are included in a centralized repository, making it safe and more accessible to update the system and software.

But in a Windows system, it’s hell difficult and time-consuming to update the system and third-party applications. Windows don’t only pull the updates from the Microsoft site but also takes every software update from app-specific software protocol.

12. Different Flavors for Different Need

Linux is more capable than Windows OS in this sector. There are hundreds of Linux distros basing on different needs and various desktop flavors. If you are a Windows user, then Linux has Zorin OS or Linux Mint to make a smooth transition of the previous continuation.

And If you are a macOS user, then Linux also covers you as well with Ubuntu or Elementary OS. Or you can even use one specific Linux distro with some Linux desktop environments in a choice. Moreover, there are some task-specific Linux distros available out there, like Kali Linux for penetration testing or hacking.

13. Linux vs. Windows: Gaming Area

Yes, I confess that there was a time when Linux was not a good choice as a gaming platform. Game developers were not interested in developing their games for this platform. But now the time has changed. Most of the latest and trending games will find it for Linux. Now you can play all the best Linux games or Steam games both offline and online. Moreover, it’s effortless to play games on Linux and about the gaming experience! You let me know in the comment section.

14. Software Availability and Compatibility

If you ask me about the software availability and compatibility in the Linux ecosystem, I bet you that Linux wins the crown. Linux covers all the sectors, including personal software, media software, business suites, design materials, server tools, productivity applications, programming and app development software, and what’s not. You can check a detailed editorial list on Best Linux Software.

15. Photoshop Alternative

Image editing software, Photoshop, is one of the vital elements that don’t let the users adopt any other OS except Windows. Photoshop doesn’t support Linux. But you get a lot of good alternatives to Adobe Photoshop in Linux distros, including GIMP, Darktable, Krita, etc.

Read More: Top 10 Linux Photoshop Alternative Photo Management Software

16. Alternative To Office Suite

Like Photoshop, the MS office suite is also such an outstanding software that also keeps the appeal to use Windows OS. A lot of users and organizations depend on this sort of productivity software. In the Linux world, there are many better options available to the MS office suite. LibreOffice is one of them which can give a good fight to the Microsoft Office suite.

Read More: Top 10 Best Free Office Suite Software as MS Office Alternative for Linux

17. Multimedia Editor

If you are getting lots of options for editing multimedia files in the Windows system, Linux also provides the same amount of choice and sometimes even more. Here you can check by yourself a list of the Best Video Editing Software for Linux.

18. Support of Windows Software via Wine or PlayOnLinux

As I have said earlier that there are lots of choices of each Windows software in Linux but still if you want to use some custom-made Windows app or any app in Linux, there is a way out to do that tricks. Wine and PlayOnLinux are there for you to perform this Windows hack. With the help of this two Linux software, you can run many essential Windows software in Linux. Moreover, you can also play some Windows OS-specific games on Linux via PlayOnLinux.

19. Software Management System

A software management system is an essential element for any OS. System stability and flexibility depend on software management. In this regard, Windows OS remains far behind the Linux system. In Windows OS, you have to go to the software-specific site to get the installer file for downloading and installing that software. This file may be tempered or includes many adware, malware, adverts, etc.; you may not know it. That’s time-consuming and not safe if the vendor is not an authenticated one.

On the other hand, Linux distros provide a centralized software center for installing any applications. This software is thoroughly checked by the community, and there is hardly any possibility to include any adware, malware, adverts, etc. Moreover, there are lots of ways to install the software in the Linux system. If one process doesn’t work or you are not comfortable with command-line tools; anytime you can use another one.

20. Linux Server or Windows Server

If you consider server security, stability, freedom of choices, hardware compatibility, and cost-effectiveness, then the Linux server beats the Windows-based server in every way. Windows is a popular option for desktop usages (novice think so), and Linux is the best option for a server mode system.

Linux server system offers a lot of customization options with a wide range of effective monitoring and analyzing tools. Linux server is less more vulnerable than Windows server regarding malware and online threats. It’s impossible to create any backdoor in the Linux kernel, whereas the Windows system is sensitive to that situation.

21. Blue Screen and De-fragmentation

Blue screen with fsck running and disk defragmentation are known issues you may get in your Windows OS. But in the Linux distros, you may get hardly any problem like this one. Linux system handles all the file layouts or file system efficiently, and most of the time, you don’t even require to run de-fragmentation at all.

22. File Extension To “run” The File

Windows or DOS rely on the file extension to run any file type. But Linux doesn’t depend on that process. You can give a file any name, and it will not affect the type of file it is. Linux uses a filesystem called “execute bit.” Whenever A user tries to run a file, the Linux process system looks at the file header information for more pieces of information on how to run it instead of on the file extension like Windows.

23. Linux or Windows: Task Automation

There are many tools and command cheat sheets in the Linux system to make your task as automatic as it can’t be on Windows. That’s why many servers or IT experts prefer to use Linux over Windows to automate their routine system-side tasks.

24. Process and Resource Management

In Linux, the software process management is much powerful and effective. With the help of a simple command, you can kill or abort any software to run into the background if it causes any problem. But in Windows, it’s easy to run a task manager but not sufficient as Linux because the Windows task manager can’t always kill or stop the problematic software running in the backend.

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Linux manages its resources effectively than a Windows system. When software is installed in Linux, it downloads all the required dependencies. Next time you install any other software, it doesn’t again download the dependencies if that matches the previous one.

This how Linux keeps the software interlinked, cleaned, and lightweight. On the other hand, Windows download each dependency related to an individual software and doesn’t cross-check with other similar dependencies on the system. That makes the file system heavy and unmanageable sometimes.

Linux is an outcome of dedicated and passionate community fans. Thus it has a considerable volume of information and documentation that covers everything about Linux. Moreover, there are distro-specific tutorials, tips, tweaks, and forums from developers and enthusiasts to help you out if any problem is faced.

In regards to Windows OS, Microsoft is the only vendor to provide documentation for the users, which sometimes you may feel lost to find the exact information. Like Linux, the Windows system also has a huge fanbase that provides tweaks, tutorials, and tips to solve or customize the system a bit.

Final Thought

Linux has come a long way. There was a saying that Linux is not user-friendly, doesn’t offer many software choices, needs expert-level knowledge, the user interface is not beautiful, not easy to use, etc. But all those things mentioned above are now void. Linux is now user-friendly, offers an intuitive and easy-to-use interface, and provides a centralized software management system with hundreds of different choices. I want to share a joke with you; “What are air-conditioning and computers have in common ???!!! They are both useless when you open Windows.”

Did you like this comparison article on Linux or Windows OS? If so, then please do me a favor by sharing it on your social media. And don’t forget to share your Linux distros experience with us in the comment section.

Linux vs Windows is an age-old battle of the operating systems which has led to wars, disagreements and almost fanatical behavior on the Internet, for what seems like forever. I think it is important to stress that this article will discuss not which is, the best OS  because it is impossible to come to that conclusion. It’s not as simple as comparing Linux and Unix considering how vastly different said OSes are. So, what follows is hopefully a fair review of both these Operating Systems based on different, specific criteria.

Following are the topics we’re going to discuss through this blog.

• What is Windows?

• What is Linux?

• Linux vs Windows

• Distributions

• Which one is for you?

• Conclusion

Windows is a licensed operating system and its source code is inaccessible. It is designed for business owners, other commercial user and even individuals with no computer programming knowledge. It is simple and straightforward to use.

Windows offers features like,

• Multiple operating environments
• Symmetric multiprocessing
• Client-server computing
• Integrated caching
• Virtual memory
• Portability
• Extensibility
• Preemptive scheduling

The first version of Windows, known as Windows 1.0, revealed in 1985 following the formation of Microsoft. It was based upon the MS-DOS core. Following that initial launch, new versions of Windows were quickly rolled out. This included the first major update in 1987 and Windows 3.0 in the same year.

In 1995, perhaps the most widely used version yet, Windows 95 was born. At this point, it ran on a 16-bit DOS-based kernel and 32-bit userspace to enhance the user experience.

Windows hasn’t changed a whole lot in terms of core architecture since this version despite vast amounts of features that have been added to address modern computing.

You can take a look at the video tutorial for a more wholesome Idea of the same.

Linux vs Windows: What is Linux?

Linux is a free and open source operating system based on Unix standards which provides a programming interface as well as user interface compatibility. It also contains many separately developed elements, free from proprietary code.

The traditional monolithic kernel is employed in the Linux kernel for performance purposes. Its modular feature allows most drivers to dynamically load and unload at run time.

Interested in Linux Administration? Check out the Linux certification course online.

Linux was created by Finnish student Linus Torvalds, who wanted to create a free operating system kernel that anyone could use. It was launched much later than Windows, in 1991. Although it still was regarded as a very bare bones operating system, without a graphical interface like Windows. With just a few lines of source code in its original release to where it stands today, containing more than 23.3 million lines of the source code, Linux has surely grown considerably.

Linux was first distributed under GNU General Public License in 1992.

Linux vs Windows

Users

There are 3 types of users in Linux (Regular, Administrative(root) and Service users) whereas, in Windows, there are 4 types of user accounts (Administrator, Standard, Child and Guest).

Usage

According to the market research data, on 92.63% of the world’s PCs, Windows is running, while hardly 1% of PC users use Linux. Many users say it is hard to use Linux as compared to Windows and so the appeal of Linux is very limited for household use. It is mostly meant for serious use such as server application. Hence, corporation servers are running on Linux, irrespective of the GUI.

Also, due to the licensing agreement with Microsoft, various PC vendors are entitled to bundle Windows OS with their PC, enabling Windows to gain market popularity over Linux. Though these days many PC vendors such as Dell and HP have started to give Linux as the pre-installed OS, Windows still rules the market.

Kernel

Linux uses the monolithic kernel which consumes more running space whereas Windows uses the micro-kernel which takes less space but lowers the system running efficiency than Linux.

 File Systems

In Microsoft Windows, files are stored in directories/folders on different data drives like C: D: E: but, in Linux, files are ordered in a tree structure starting with the root directory, further branched out to various other sub-directories.

In Linux, everything is treated like a file. Directories are files, files are files, and externally connected devices (such as Printer, mouse, keyboard) are also files.

Security

Every Windows user has faced security and stability issues at some point in time. Since Windows is an extensively used OS, hackers, spammers target Windows frequently. Windows (consumer versions) were originally designed for ease-of-use on a single-user PC without a network connection and did not have security features built in. Microsoft often releases security patches through its Windows Update service. These go out once a month, although critical updates are made available at shorter intervals or when necessary.
Many a time, users of Windows OS face the BLUE SCREEN OF DEATH. This is caused due to the failure of the system to respond. Eventually, the user has to keep aside his/her frustrations and manually restart the PC.

On the other hand, Linux is based on a multi-user architecture, making it way more stable than a single-user OS like Windows. As Linux is community-driven with regular monitoring by the developers from every corner of the earth, any new problem raised can be solved within a few hours and the necessary patch can be ready for supply.

Compatibility

Windows shoots. Windows scores. This is where the Redmond offering wipes the floor with Linux. Despite recent improvements in software being ported or developed to Linux, Windows is still the king of compatibility.

Users of Windows can be certain that almost any software(even the most obscure, outdated software) will work, even when it is abandoned by developers. Windows has great legacy support. Plain and simple.

Linux, on the other hand, has been struggling with basics that Windows users take for granted.

Ease of Use

Linux, over recent years, has gone leaps and bounds when it comes to usability. Distributions like Linux Mint and Ubuntu, have even gone as far as making their installation and setup simpler for non-technical users to do carry on with day-to-day activities with the utmost ease.

Windows, due to its market proliferation, is the default OS on many devices. Buy a new laptop or PC, and there is quite the chance it comes with Windows 10 installed. Users are used to clicking the toolbar and opening their favourite programs, for so many years now that it makes it very difficult for them to make the switch.

Privacy

If you are a Linux user, you have an operating system that doesn’t spy on you. Having Linux means the system is yours and yours alone. You can also add to the mix that most Linux systems come with an option of built-in military-grade encryption. As a user, you can be sure that device theft poses no real problem to your data.

On the contrary, Windows has gotten more advert driven over the last few years. Users are definitely given the choice to opt out but then again, who can help the clever registry hacks which are clearly a part of Redmond’s plan. Windows can watch what users do, offering to sync to the Microsoft One-Drive service or to learn behavior to make Cortana (the Microsoft personal assistant) better. To be honest, I do not favor these tools, as they’re pretty intrusive. Though, some users like these features. Subjective opinion.

Source Code

Linux is an open source operating system whereas Windows OS is commercial. Linux has access to source code and alters the code as per user need whereas Windows does not have access to the source code.

In Linux, the user has access to the source code of the kernel and alter the code according to his need. It has its own advantages. Bugs in the OS will get fixed at a rapid pace but developers may take advantage of any weakness in the OS if found.

In windows only selected members to have access to the source code.

License

The Linux kernel (and the GNU utilities and libraries which accompany it) in most distributions are entirely free and open source. Companies offer paid support for their distros, but the underlying software is still free to download and install.

Microsoft Windows is generally priced between $99.00 and $199.00 USD for each licensed copy. Windows 10 was originally being offered as a free upgrade if owners of Windows 7/8/8.1 upgraded before July 29, 2016, but that offer is no longer available.

Reliability

Windows, as we all have come to know, becomes sluggish by the day. You have to re-install Windows after a while when you encounter crashes or slowdowns on your system.

If you are a Linux user, you will not have to re-install it just to experience a faster and a smoother system. Linux helps your system run smoothly for a longer period. Much longer! in fact.

Also, as a Windows user, you will have to develop a habit where you keep on rebooting the system for just about everything.

Just installed software – reboot!

Uninstalled software – reboot!

Got a Windows update – reboot!

System seems to slow down, you guessed it right – reboot!

However, in the case of Linux, you can comfortably continue with your work, and your OS will not bother you.

This is probably why you could observe that most of the Internet giants like Facebook and Google run on Linux. Even supercomputers run mostly on Linux.

So, why isn’t Windows preferred over Linux in the industries? It is because Linux is far more reliable than Windows OS. Period.

Linux vs Windows: Distributions

Firstly, we need to address one of the more confusing aspects to the Linux platform. While Windows has maintained quite the standard version structure, with updates and versions split into tiers, Linux is far more complex.

Originally designed as an OS accessible to all, the Linux Kernel today underpins all Linux operating systems. However, as it remains open source, anyone can tweak or modify the OS for their own purposes. What we have as a result are hundreds of bespoke Linux-based OS called distributions, or ‘distros’. This makes it incredibly difficult to choose between them, making it far more complicated than simply picking Windows 7, Windows 8 or Windows 10.

But this also comes with its set of advantages. Given the nature of open source software, these distributions can vary wildly in functionality and sophistication, and many are constantly evolving. The choice is almost overwhelming.

For those of you who are new to Linux, we’d recommend Ubuntu as a good starting point. It’s extremely user-friendly (even compared to Windows) whilst still being versatile and feature-rich enough to satisfy experienced techies. It’s the closest thing Linux has to a default distribution – although I’d urge everyone to explore the various distro options available and find their favourite.

Linux vs Windows: Which one is for you?

This depends on what you need to do.

Multimedia

Both Linux and Windows OS are pretty rich in multimedia applications. Although, setting up the sound and video options in older versions of Linux can be relatively difficult for some users. A key advantage of Linux is that most of the multimedia applications are freely available. In the case of Windows, users may have to pay a hefty price to get the software although many Open Source/free versions are often available.

Gaming

If you are a gamer, need 100% compatibility with a particular software or want a user-friendly system, Hands down, Windows wins. Steam, among other clients and options, provides a huge number of games both from AAA publishers and small indie developers. Steam for Linux now allows you to install Windows games. But it is still in beta, and not all Windows games will work. It can be frustrating for Linux users, and no doubt the situation will change in the future.

But for now, in 2018, many Linux users miss out on the top games with their choice of OS. The graphics card vendors also tend to support Windows platforms rather than Linux. They provide timely updates and new features that don’t always filter to other OS.

Open Source

If you are an advocate of open-source software or just plain tired of all the forced update and reboot in Windows, then Linux may be a viable option.

Programming

Linux supports almost all of the major programming languages (Python, C/C++, Java, Ruby, Perl, etc.). Moreover, it portrays a vast range of applications useful for programming purposes.

The Linux terminal is far more superior to use over Window’s command line for developers. You would find many libraries natively developed for Linux. Also, a lot of programmers point out that they can do things easily using the package manager on Linux. The ability to script in different shells is also one of the most compelling reasons why programmers prefer using Linux OS.

Linux brings in native support for SSH, too. This would help you manage your servers quickly. You could include things like apt-get commands which further makes Linux a more popular choice of the programmers.

Linux vs Windows: Conclusion

I hope this article has been successful in giving you a more objective look at both systems. I haven’t discussed every criterion to compare Linux vs Windows, as there are just too many. There are also some age-old cliches about the respective systems that serve no one. I prefer to not pay attention to them and advise you do the same. I use Windows and Linux in equal measure based on what I need to do either by dual boot or virtualisation.

So, Linux vs Windows? This platform is open for arguments. Are your pitchforks ready?

Споры между адептами двух популярных операционных систем длятся как минимум лет 30. Но если раньше ярыми линуксофанами были в основном профессионалы из числа сисадминов, то сегодня все версии Линукс «прилизаны» настолько, что даже приверженцы «Окон» вынуждены признать: эпоха консольноориентированных юниксоподобных ОС осталась в далёком прошлом. Нынешний Linux – это современная операционка, в которой есть всё, что нужно для эффективной работы и отдыха. Разумеется, с некоторыми оговорками. О них мы сегодня и поговорим, противопоставив Винду и Линукс. Вы будете удивлены, но среди двух десятков факторов, выбранных для сравнения, зафиксирован примерный паритет. И это при том, что по количеству пользователей Windows далеко впереди.

Характерные отличительные нюансы

Microsoft предложила свой вариант «оконной» ОС в 1985 (напомним, пионером операционных систем с графическим интерфейсом была компания Apple). Win 1.0 откровенно тормозила на 286-х AT, с 1 МБ оперативки и 20 МБ винчестером. Но аппаратная часть прогрессировала быстрее, что и позволило компании Microsoft с завидной регулярностью выпускать новые версии вплоть до «десятки».

Windows всегда была платной программой, однако её тотальному распространению благоприятствовала тесная интеграция с другим софтом и железом.

Первая версия Линукс появилась в 1991 году, хотя базовой операционкой была гораздо более старая ОС Unix. Главным достоинством ОС был открытый код, которым могли пользоваться все, кто считал нужным улучшить программу. В результате появилось немалое число клонов, большая часть которых канула в неизвестность, но некоторым дистрибутивам удалось завоевать популярность (в качестве примера можно привести Ubuntu).

Но если перед вами встал вопрос, что лучше, Линукс или Виндовс, прямого ответа вы не получите. Качество функционирования этих операционных систем лучше всего определять на практике. Но поскольку для большинства приверженцев продуктов Microsoft и потенциальных пользователей открытых ОС такой шаг является рискованным, они бы хотели сначала изучить принципиальные отличия между Linux и Windows, а они есть, и весьма существенные.

Именно этим мы сейчас и займёмся, проанализировав множество разноплановых критериев.

Распространённость

Согласно некоторым подсчётам, флагманский продукт Microsoft, Windows 10, в настоящее время установлен на примерно 35% всех десктопных ПК. Но при этом утверждается, что большая часть этого ПО – пиратские копии, установленные незаконно. Если принять во внимание «семёрку» и «восьмёрку», то цифра вообще будет нереальной, и по этому показателю Линукс далеко позади.

Но если вы хотите иметь лицензионно чистый продукт, то здесь ситуация уже не столь показательна – «десятка» для частников стоит более $100, и это для основной массы пользователей немалые деньги. То же самое касается и другого коммерческого ПО, от офисных пакетов до игр, фильмов и иного медийного контента – он платный.

Linux, безусловно, менее популярна, но ситуация меняется, хотя и медленно. С точки зрения простоты пользования обе ОС находятся на одном уровне, но к Линукс нужно просто привыкнуть.

Дистрибутивы

Длительное время наличие большого количества дистрибутивов считалось заметным недостатком Линукс, но в настоящее время выделилось несколько версий ОС, считающихся эталонами в массовом сегменте – та же Ubuntu, или Mandriva, или Mint. Каждый скачанный дистрибутив можно устанавливать на неограниченное количество устройств, каждая утилита из огромного репозитария представляет собой проверенный лицензионный продукт. И всё это – совершенно бесплатно.

Напротив, продукты от Microsoft – чисто коммерческие, большая часть софта для них – платные или условно бесплатные (с урезанным функционалом) программы. Каждый приобретённый дистрибутив Windows можно устанавливать только на одно устройство, так что по этому показателю Линукс выглядит явно предпочтительнее.

Производительность

Сравнение Windows или Linux будет однозначно некорректным без рассмотрения производительности этих ОС.

Мы уже отмечали, что хотя скорость модернизации аппаратной части ПК превышает возможности модернизация такого сложного программного продукта, как операционная система, Microsoft выдаёт «на гора» новые релизы с завидной регулярностью. И каждая версия Виндовс становится всё требовательнее к ресурсам, в значительной части компенсируя рост тактовой частоты и скоростей системной шины. Поэтому все версии Windows в момент выхода на рынок считались и продолжают считаться «тяжеловесными», рассчитанными на будущие улучшения аппаратной части.

Напротив, скорость обработки запросов на нижнем уровне у Unix-подобных систем всегда была высокой и таковой и остаётся, несмотря на развитие графического интерфейса. Требования к железу здесь минимальны, по крайней мере, по отношению к оппонентам от Майкрософт.

Впрочем, на уровне системного кода эти операционки сравнимы, однако в Windows имеется немало встроенных утилит и процессов, не относящихся к ядру и «жрущих» системные ресурсы. Чтобы добиться нормальной производительности, пользователям приходится немало повозиться с настройками системы.

Но стоит ли переход на Linux увеличения скорости работы, которое может оказаться меньше ожидаемого? Вопрос неоднозначный.

Настройки

Чем старше версия Виндовс, тем тяжелее найти необходимые настройки – эта аксиома хорошо знакома всем пользователям этой ОС. С Линукс всё наоборот – независимо от релиза все настройки находятся в одном месте. Найти необходимые довольно просто за минимальное количество кликов. У соперника с этим всё намного хуже – чтобы добраться до нужной опции, порой приходится кликать на десятке вкладок с соответствующим количеством всплывающих окон.

Вывод: преимущество и здесь на стороне Linux.

Программное обеспечение

Существует стереотип, что по части разнообразия доступного софта Windows на порядок лучше. Это не совсем так. Во-первых, сама процедура установки ОС на Линукс абсолютно не требует поиска недостающих драйверов, как это часто происходит с оппонентом. Во-вторых, в репозитарии имеется масса проверенного лицензионного софта, с установкой которого нет проблем.

У Windows с этим намного сложнее – многие программы качаются с непроверенных источников, что чревато попаданием на ПК вирусного кода. В Майкрософт стремятся решить проблему, создав магазин Windows Store, однако наполнение этой библиотеки софта на данный момент оставляет желать лучшего.

Интерфейс

Качество визуализации играет важную роль для массового потребителя, и именно этому аспекту в Microsoft уделяют повышенное внимание, начиная с первой версии. А ещё здесь стремятся к сохранению единого стиля при переходе от младшей к старшей версии ОС, что тоже импонирует рядовым юзерам. При этом Windows предоставляет немало возможностей кастомизации интерфейса «под себя», и это не самая сложная операция.

У Linux с этим похуже, хотя графика здесь намного легковеснее. Разумеется, с точки зрения интерфейса отличия Windows от Linux нельзя назвать принципиальными, но продукты от Microsoft в этом аспекте выглядят предпочтительнее.

Вариативность

Ещё один довод, почему Linux лучше Windows, заключается в огромном разнообразии конфигураций, доступных для любого линуксовского дистрибутива. Да, новичкам придётся потратить немало времени на изучение возможностей конструктора этой ОС, но даже среднего уровня знаний достаточно, чтобы творить с оболочкой настоящие чудеса, меняя рабочие среды хоть ежедневно.

По сравнению с Виндовс, где состав операционной системы зависит исключительно от разработчика, это весомый плюс, и фаны Linux неустанно об этом повторяют.

Подключение устройств

Что касается вопросов, связанных с аппаратной поддержкой, то здесь ситуация неоднозначная. Для любого нестандартного оборудования на Виндовс требуется поиск драйвера, который далеко не всегда быстр или успешен. На Линуксе все драйверы уже включены в состав дистрибутива и в случае необходимости устанавливаются автоматически.

С другой стороны, многое «железо» обладает полным функционалом только в Windows. Например, МФУ в линуксовской среде часто работают исключительно как сканеры, не распознаваясь в качестве печатающего устройства.

Безопасность

Виндовс имеет встроенные средства безопасности, но они изначально уступают специализированному антивирусному ПО. Поэтому первое, что делает среднестатистический пользователь после установки системы – ставит на компьютер или ноутбук антивирус. Но и он не в состоянии справиться с новыми угрозами, появляющимися едва ли не ежедневно. Второй негативный момент – Windows неустанно собирает информацию о пользователях, чтобы показывать тем контекстную рекламу в зависимости от пользовательских предпочтений. Это многим не нравится, и для обеспечения максимальной конфиденциальности здесь нужно изрядно потрудиться.

Linux намного лучше в этом плане даже чем Windows 10, причём независимо от дистрибутива. Так, вся личная информация здесь хранится в зашифрованном виде в домашней папке, при утере ПК доступ к ней со стороны злоумышленников будет невозможен. В силу малой распространённости ОС вирусного ПО для неё написано ничтожно мало. Впрочем, это не означает, что антивирусные программы тут не нужны – осторожность не помешает и здесь!

Техподдержка, сообщество

Форумы, посвящённые Линукс, имеются во множественном числе, однако сравнивать их количество с ресурсами, посвящёнными Виндовс, явно не стоит. И если у вас возникнет сложный технический вопрос, вероятность получить квалифицированную помощь со стороны Windows-сообщества однозначно выше.

По этому аспекту разнообразие дистрибутивов уже не выглядит преимуществом, поэтому ответы типа «возьмите другой дистрибутив» здесь не редкость. И не факт, что совет для одной конфигурации окажется действенным для другой.

Надёжность

Сравнение ОС Windows и Linux по надёжности в большинстве случаев не в пользу продукции Microsoft. Зависания программ здесь – большая редкость, но и в этом случае краха системы не предвидится. А пресловутые BSOD известны большинству пользователей Винды.

С другой стороны, здесь имеются точки восстановления, являющиеся мощным средством безопасности, отсутствующим у конкурента.

Но бесспорный факт – Linux в любой сборке способен работать неделями и месяцами без перезагрузки. С Windows такой фокус однозначно не пройдёт – операционка из-за свопа «садится» очень быстро, и уже через день активной работы вы будете наблюдать длительные фризы.

Простота использования

С этой точки зрения Линукс далёк от идеала. Основанная на ОС Unix, первые реализации которой появились в 60-х годах, когда об удобстве пользования вообще особо не думали, эта операционка и сегодня не может похвастаться особой дружественностью к пользователям. И хотя ситуация здесь быстро меняется, новому юзеру будет очень сложно перестроиться. Придётся потратить немало времени и усилий, что не гарантирует, что вы в итоге станете гуру Linux.

Открытый исходный код

Да, многие приводят этот аргумент как один из самых веских в споре, какая операционная система лучше. ОИК действительно мощный инструмент, заставляющий разработчиков постоянно улучшать свои программные продукты. Принцип конкуренции здесь работает очень хорошо, чего не скажешь о Виндовс. И главное – любое ПО, разрабатываемое для Линукс, должно быть бесплатным – таково условие сообщества.

Правда, конечного пользователя открытость кода волнует мало, только в части количества разнообразных программ (здесь небольшое преимущество у Windows) и стоимости владения (а тут громадный перевес на стороне Linux).

Стабильность, запросы системы

Пользователям Винды не понаслышке знакома проблема частой переустановки системы – если не принимать во внимание «десятку», то остальные версии довольно быстро «засоряются», и с каждым разом чистка становится всё менее эффективной (а иногда приводит и к полному краху).

Линукс работает намного стабильнее, во многом это связано с особенностью реализации взаимодействия файловой системы с ядром ОС. Попробуйте поставить на слабую машину «семёрку» или «восьмёрку» – и масса проблем вам обеспечена. Линукс на такой конфигурации железа будет летать.

Обновления

Увы, но Windows по этому критерию отличается в худшую сторону. Обновления здесь происходят хотя и автоматически, но часто, и могут занимать немало времени, особенно на слабых компьютерах.

В Виндовс 10 эта проблема является особо актуальной. Настолько, что многие пользователи ищут способы отключения обновлений.

В ОС Linux установка всех патчей обычно совершается в фоновом режиме, так что вы этого даже не заметите. И перезагрузка после обновлений происходит быстро, без появления раздражающих надписей типа «осталось 35%», которые могут висеть 20–30 минут без видимой реакции со стороны Windows. А можно просто отказаться от обновления, и система возражать против вашего решения не будет.

Цена вопроса

Если вы любитель лицензионного софта, то владение одной только ОС Виндовс обойдётся вам в 100–200 условных единиц. Добавьте к этому всевозможный софт, и получится сумма, неподъёмная для многих. Так что приходится использовать пиратские нестабильные копии и такой же ломанный или обрезанный по функционалу софт.

Линукс бесплатен, как и набор программ для него.

Что выбрать – Windows или Linux

Если собрать все критерии воедино и нарисовать таблицу для сравнения характеристик Виндовс и Линукс, последняя одержит количественный перевес. Но означает ли это, что для дома нужно ставить именно эту операционку? Отнюдь, Windows остаётся самой востребованной системой именно потому, что в некоторых особо чувствительных для пользователей аспектах она всё же лучше.

Но если у вас есть много свободного времени и склонности к экспериментаторству, то почему бы не попробовать перейти на новую для себя операционку? Тем более что большинство юзеров не жалеют о таком выборе.

P. S. Комментарии, хорошие и разные, приветствуются. Хотя в данном споре истина рождается далеко не всегда…