Windows server 2012 r2 минимальные системные требования

Минимальные системные требования

• Разрядность: x86 (32-bit) или x64 (64-bit)
• ЦП [CPU]: от 1.4 GHz
• Видеоадаптер [GPU]: Встроенная или внешняя
• Винчестер [HDD]: 60 Gb
• Оперативная память [RAM]: 2 Gb
• Аудиокарта [AUDIO]: Любая
• Контроллер: Клавиатура, Мышь
• Интернет: Может понадобиться для некоторых задач
• Разрешение экрана: SVGA 800×600
• Дополнительно: DVD/CD привод

Рекомендуемые системные требования

• Разрядность: x64 (64-bit)
• ЦП [CPU]: от 3.1 GHz
• Видеоадаптер [GPU]: Аналогично минимальной версии
• Винчестер [HDD]: 160 Gb
• Оперативная память [RAM]: 16 Gb
• Аудиокарта [AUDIO]: Любая
• Контроллер: Клавиатура, Мышь Microsoft Mouse
• Интернет: Широкополосное соединение
• Разрешение экрана: 1024х768
• Дополнительно: DVD/CD или USB

Для того, чтобы нужная OS Виндовс сервер 2012 Р2 нормально работала ПК, его минимальные системные характеристики должны соответствовать хотя-бы таким условиям: Центральный процессор обязан являться 32-бит или 64-бит, с частотой 1.4 GHz. «Оперативки» нормальным количеством будет 8 Gb, это даст возможность комфортно гулять по всемирной сети и параллельно выполнять другие задачи. Объем винчестера должно быть не меньше 60 Gb. Видеокарта с DirectX.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Windows Server 2012

Version of the Windows NT operating system
Screenshot of Windows Server 2012, showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on, taskbar, and the blue color of Aero Lite
Developer	Microsoft
OS family	Windows Server
Working state	Current
Source model	Closed-source Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Released to manufacturing	August 1, 2012; 10 years ago
General availability	September 4, 2012; 10 years ago[1]
Latest release	6.2 (Build 9200) / August 1, 2012; 10 years ago[2]
Marketing target	Business
Update method	Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platforms	x86-64
Kernel type	Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default user interface	Windows shell (GUI)
License	Commercial proprietary software
Preceded by	Windows Server 2008 R2 (2009)
Succeeded by	Windows Server 2012 R2 (2013)
Official website	docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2012-r2
Support status
Start date: October 30, 2012[3] Mainstream support ended on October 9, 2018[3] Extended support until October 10, 2023[3] Paid support via the Extended Security Updates program until October 13, 2026, only for volume licensed editions.

Windows Server 2012, codenamed «Windows Server 8», is the sixth version of the Windows Server operating system by Microsoft, as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It is the server version of Windows based on Windows 8 and succeeds Windows Server 2008 R2, which is derived from the Windows 7 codebase, released nearly three years earlier. Two pre-release versions, a developer preview and a beta version, were released during development. The software was officially launched on September 4, 2012, which was the month before the release of Windows 8.^[4] It was succeeded by Windows Server 2012 R2 in 2013. Mainstream support for Windows Server 2012 ended on October 9, 2018, and extended support will end on October 10, 2023. Windows Server 2012 is eligible for the paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program, which offers continued security updates until October 13, 2026.

Unlike its predecessor, Windows Server 2012 does not support the Itanium architecture,^[5] and has four editions. Various features were added or improved over Windows Server 2008 R2 (with many placing an emphasis on cloud computing), such as an updated version of Hyper-V, an IP address management role, a new version of Windows Task Manager, and ReFS, a new file system. Windows Server 2012 received generally good reviews in spite of having included the same controversial Metro-based user interface seen in Windows 8, which includes the Charms Bar for quick access to settings in the desktop environment.

History[edit]

Windows Server 2012, codenamed «Windows Server 8»,^[6] is the fifth release of Windows Server family of operating systems developed concurrently with Windows 8.^[7][8]

Microsoft introduced Windows Server 2012 and its developer preview in the BUILD 2011 conference on September 9, 2011.^[9] However, unlike Windows 8, the developer preview of Windows Server 2012 was only made available to MSDN subscribers.^[10] It included a graphical user interface (GUI) based on Metro design language and a new Server Manager, a graphical application used for server management.^[11] On February 16, 2012, Microsoft released an update for developer preview build that extended its expiry date from April 8, 2012 to January 15, 2013.^[12]

Before Windows Server 2012 was finalized, two test builds were made public. A public beta version of Windows Server 2012 was released along with the Windows 8 Consumer Preview on February 29, 2012.^[7] On April 17, 2012, Microsoft revealed «Windows Server 2012» as the final name for the operating system.^[6] The release candidate of Windows Server 2012 was released on May 31, 2012, along with the Windows 8 Release Preview.^[8]

The product was released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012 (along with Windows and became generally available on September 4, that year.^[4] However, not all editions of Windows Server 2012 were released at the same time. Windows Server 2012 Essentials was released to manufacturing on October 9, 2012^[13] and was made generally available on November 1, 2012.^[14] As of September 23, 2012, all students subscribed to DreamSpark program can download Windows Server 2012 Standard or Datacenter free of charge.^[15]

Windows Server 2012 is based on Windows 8 and requires 64-bit CPUs.^[16] Coupled with fundamental changes in the structure of the client backups and the shared folders, there is no clear method for migrating from the previous version to Windows Server 2012.

Features[edit]

Installation options[edit]

Unlike its predecessor, Windows Server 2012 users can switch between «Server Core» and «Server with a GUI» installation options without a full re-installation. Server Core – an option with a command-line interface only – is now the recommended configuration. There is also a third installation option that allows some GUI elements such as MMC and Server Manager to run, but without the normal desktop, shell or default programs like File Explorer.^[11]

User interface[edit]

Server Manager has been redesigned with an emphasis on easing management of multiple servers.^[17] The operating system, like Windows 8, uses the Metro-based user interface unless installed in Server Core mode.^[18] The Windows Store is available by installing the desktop experience feature from the server manager, but is not installed by default.^[19] Windows PowerShell in this version has over 2300 commandlets, compared to around 200 in Windows Server 2008 R2.^[20]

Task Manager[edit]

Windows Server 2012 includes a new version of Windows Task Manager together with the old version.^[21] In the new version the tabs are hidden by default, showing applications only. In the new Processes tab, the processes are displayed in varying shades of yellow, with darker shades representing heavier resource use.^[22] Information found in the older versions are now moved to the new Details tab. The Performance tab shows «CPU», «Memory», «Disk», «Wi-Fi» and «Ethernet» graphs. Unlike the Windows 8 version of Task Manager (which looks similar), the «Disk» activity graph is not enabled by default. The CPU tab no longer displays individual graphs for every logical processor on the system by default, although that remains an option. Additionally, it can display data for each non-uniform memory access (NUMA) node. When displaying data for each logical processor for machines with more than 64 logical processors, the CPU tab now displays simple utilization percentages on heat-mapping tiles.^[23] The color used for these heat maps is blue, with darker shades again indicating heavier utilization. Hovering the cursor over any logical processor’s data now shows the NUMA node of that processor and its ID, if applicable. Additionally, a new Startup tab has been added that lists startup applications,^[24] however this tab does not exist in Windows Server 2012.^[25] The new task manager recognizes when a Windows Store app has the «Suspended» status.

IP address management (IPAM)[edit]

Windows Server 2012 has an IP address management role for discovering, monitoring, auditing, and managing the IP address space used on a corporate network. The IPAM is used for the management and monitoring of Domain Name System (DNS) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers. Both IPv4 and IPv6 are fully supported.^[26]

Active Directory[edit]

Windows Server 2012 has a number of changes to Active Directory from the version shipped with Windows Server 2008 R2. The Active Directory Domain Services installation wizard has been replaced by a new section in Server Manager, and a GUI has been added to the Active Directory Recycle Bin.^[27] Multiple password policies can be set in the same domain.^[28] Active Directory in Windows Server 2012 is now aware of any changes resulting from virtualization, and virtualized domain controllers can be safely cloned. Upgrades of the domain functional level to Windows Server 2012 are simplified; it can be performed entirely in Server Manager. Active Directory Federation Services is no longer required to be downloaded when installed as a role, and claims which can be used by the Active Directory Federation Services have been introduced into the Kerberos token. Windows Powershell commands used by Active Directory Administrative Center can be viewed in a «Powershell History Viewer».^[29][30]

Hyper-V[edit]

Windows Server 2012, along with Windows 8, includes a new version of Hyper-V,^[31] as presented at the Microsoft BUILD event.^[32] Many new features have been added to Hyper-V, including network virtualization, multi-tenancy, storage resource pools, cross-premises connectivity, and cloud backup. Additionally, many of the former restrictions on resource consumption have been greatly lifted. Each virtual machine in this version of Hyper-V can access up to 64 virtual processors, up to 1 terabyte of memory, and up to 64 terabytes of virtual disk space per virtual hard disk (using a new .vhdx format).^[33][34] Up to 1024 virtual machines can be active per host, and up to 8000 can be active per failover cluster.^[35] SLAT is a required processor feature for Hyper-V on Windows 8, while for Windows Server 2012 it is only required for the supplementary RemoteFX role.^[36]

ReFS[edit]

Main article: ReFS

Resilient File System (ReFS),^[37] codenamed «Protogon»,^[38] is a new file system in Windows Server 2012 initially intended for file servers that improves on NTFS in some respects. Major new features of ReFS include:^[39][40]

Improved reliability for on-disk structures

ReFS uses B+ trees^[39] for all on-disk structures including metadata and file data. Metadata and file data are organized into tables similar to a relational database. The file size, number of files in a folder, total volume size and number of folders in a volume are limited by 64-bit numbers; as a result ReFS supports a maximum file size of 16 exabytes, a maximum of 18.4 × 10¹⁸ folders and a maximum volume size of 1 yottabyte (with 64 KB clusters) which allows large scalability with no practical limits on file and folder size (hardware restrictions still apply). Free space is counted by a hierarchical allocator which includes three separate tables for large, medium, and small chunks. File names and file paths are each limited to a 32 KB Unicode text string.

Built-in resilience

ReFS employs an allocation-on-write update strategy for metadata,^[39] which allocates new chunks for every update transaction and uses large IO batches. All ReFS metadata has built-in 64-bit checksums which are stored independently. The file data can have an optional checksum in a separate «integrity stream», in which case the file update strategy also implements allocation-on-write; this is controlled by a new «integrity» attribute applicable to both files and directories. If nevertheless file data or metadata becomes corrupt, the file can be deleted without taking the whole volume offline. As a result of built-in resiliency, administrators do not need to periodically run error-checking tools such as CHKDSK when using ReFS.

Compatibility with existing APIs and technologies

ReFS does not require new system APIs and most file system filters continue to work with ReFS volumes.^[39] ReFS supports many existing Windows and NTFS features such as BitLocker encryption, Access Control Lists, USN Journal, change notifications,^[41] symbolic links, junction points, mount points, reparse points, volume snapshots, file IDs, and oplock. ReFS seamlessly^[39] integrates with Storage Spaces, a storage virtualization layer that allows data mirroring and striping, as well as sharing storage pools between machines.^[42] ReFS resiliency features enhance the mirroring feature provided by Storage Spaces and can detect whether any mirrored copies of files become corrupt using background data scrubbing process, which periodically reads all mirror copies and verifies their checksums then replaces bad copies with good ones.

Some NTFS features are not supported in ReFS, including object IDs, short names, file compression, file level encryption (EFS), user data transactions, hard links, extended attributes, and disk quotas.^[38][39] Sparse files are supported.^[43][44] Support for named streams is not implemented in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, though it was later added in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2.^[45] ReFS does not itself offer data deduplication.^[39] Dynamic disks with mirrored or striped volumes are replaced with mirrored or striped storage pools provided by Storage Spaces. In Windows Server 2012, automated error-correction with integrity streams is only supported on mirrored spaces; automatic recovery on parity spaces was added in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2.^[45] Booting from ReFS is not supported either.

IIS 8.0[edit]

Windows Server 2012 includes version 8.0 of Internet Information Services (IIS). The new version contains new features such as SNI, CPU usage caps for particular websites,^[46] centralized management of SSL certificates, WebSocket support and improved support for NUMA, but few other substantial changes were made.^[47]

Remote Desktop Protocol 8.0[edit]

Remote Desktop Protocol has new functions such as Adaptive Graphics (progressive rendering and related techniques), automatic selection of TCP or UDP as transport protocol, multi touch support, DirectX 11 support for vGPU, USB redirection supported independently of vGPU support, etc.^[48] A «connection quality» button is displayed in the RDP client connection bar for RDP 8.0 connections; clicking on it provides further information about connection, including whether UDP is in use or not.^[49]

Scalability[edit]

Windows Server 2012 supports the following maximum hardware specifications.^[34][50] Windows Server 2012 improves over its predecessor Windows Server 2008 R2:

Specification	Windows Server 2012	Windows Server 2008 R2
Physical processors[a]	64	64
Logical processors when Hyper-V is disabled	640	256
Logical processors when Hyper-V is enabled	320[b]	64
Memory	4 TB	2 TB
Failover cluster nodes (in any single cluster)	64	16

System requirements[edit]

Minimum system requirements for Windows Server 2012^[52]

Processor	1.4 GHz, x64
Memory	512 MB
Free disk space	32 GB (more if there is at least 16 GB of RAM)

Windows Server 2012 runs only on x86-64 processors. Unlike older versions, Windows Server 2012 does not support Itanium.^[5]

Upgrades from Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2 are supported, although upgrades from prior releases are not.^[52]

Editions[edit]

Windows Server 2012 has four editions: Foundation, Essentials, Standard and Datacenter.^{[53][54][55][56][50]}

Reception[edit]

Reviews of Windows Server 2012 have been generally positive.^[59][60][61] Simon Bisson of ZDNet described it as «ready for the datacenter, today,»^[59] while Tim Anderson of The Register said that «The move towards greater modularity, stronger automation and improved virtualisation makes perfect sense in a world of public and private clouds» but remarked that «That said, the capability of Windows to deliver obscure and time-consuming errors is unchanged» and concluded that «Nevertheless, this is a strong upgrade overall.»^[60]

InfoWorld noted that Server 2012’s use of Windows 8’s panned «Metro» user interface was countered by Microsoft’s increasing emphasis on the Server Core mode, which had been «fleshed out with new depth and ease-of-use features» and increased use of the «practically mandatory» PowerShell.^[62] However, Michael Otey of Windows IT Pro expressed dislike with the new Metro interface and the lack of ability to use the older desktop interface alone, saying that most users of Windows Server manage their servers using the graphical user interface rather than PowerShell.^[63]

Paul Ferrill wrote that «Windows Server 2012 Essentials provides all the pieces necessary to provide centralized file storage, client backups, and remote access,»^[64] but Tim Anderson contended that «Many businesses that are using SBS2011 and earlier will want to stick with what they have», citing the absence of Exchange, the lack of ability to synchronize with Active Directory Federation Services and the 25-user limit,^[65] while Paul Thurott wrote «you should choose Foundation only if you have at least some in-company IT staff and/or are comfortable outsourcing management to a Microsoft partner or solution provider» and «Essentials is, in my mind, ideal for any modern startup of just a few people.»^[66]

Windows Server 2012 R2[edit]

A second release, Windows Server 2012 R2, which is derived from the Windows 8.1 codebase, was released to manufacturing on August 27, 2013^[67] and became generally available on October 18, 2013, by Microsoft.^[68] A service pack, formally designated Windows Server 2012 R2 Update, was released in April 2014.^[69][70]

Support Lifecycle[edit]

Microsoft originally planned to end mainstream support for Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 on January 9, 2018, with extended support ending on January 10, 2023. In order to provide customers the standard transition lifecycle timeline, Microsoft extended Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2 support in March 2017 by 9 months. Windows Server 2012 reached the end of mainstream support on October 9, 2018 and Extended Support will end on October 10, 2023.^[71][72][73]

Microsoft announced in July 2021 that they will distribute Extended Security Updates for Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 for up to 3 years after the end of Extended Support.^[74] For Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2, these updates will last until October 13, 2026. This will mark the final end of the Windows NT 6.2 product line after 14 years, 2 months and 12 days and will also mark the final end of the Windows NT 6.3 product line after 13 years, 1 month and 16 days.

See also[edit]

• Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
• Comparison of operating systems
• History of Microsoft Windows
• List of operating systems
• Microsoft Servers

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Stanek, William (2013). Windows Server 2012 Inside Out. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-0-7356-6631-3.
• Stanek, William (2014). Windows Server 2012 R2 Inside Out Volume 1: Configuration, Storage, & Essentials. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-0-7356-8267-2.
• Stanek, William (2014). Windows Server 2012 R2 Inside Out Volume 2: Services, Security, & Infrastructure. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-0-7356-8255-9.

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows Server 2012 on TechNet
• Windows Server 2012 R2 on MSDN
• Windows Server 2012 on MSDN
• Tutorials and Lab Manual Articles of Windows Server 2012 R2

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Windows Server 2012

Version of the Windows NT operating system
Screenshot of Windows Server 2012, showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on, taskbar, and the blue color of Aero Lite
Developer	Microsoft
OS family	Windows Server
Working state	Current
Source model	Closed-source Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Released to manufacturing	August 1, 2012; 10 years ago
General availability	September 4, 2012; 10 years ago[1]
Latest release	6.2 (Build 9200) / August 1, 2012; 10 years ago[2]
Marketing target	Business
Update method	Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platforms	x86-64
Kernel type	Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default user interface	Windows shell (GUI)
License	Commercial proprietary software
Preceded by	Windows Server 2008 R2 (2009)
Succeeded by	Windows Server 2012 R2 (2013)
Official website	docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2012-r2
Support status
Start date: October 30, 2012[3] Mainstream support ended on October 9, 2018[3] Extended support until October 10, 2023[3] Paid support via the Extended Security Updates program until October 13, 2026, only for volume licensed editions.

Windows Server 2012, codenamed «Windows Server 8», is the sixth version of the Windows Server operating system by Microsoft, as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It is the server version of Windows based on Windows 8 and succeeds Windows Server 2008 R2, which is derived from the Windows 7 codebase, released nearly three years earlier. Two pre-release versions, a developer preview and a beta version, were released during development. The software was officially launched on September 4, 2012, which was the month before the release of Windows 8.^[4] It was succeeded by Windows Server 2012 R2 in 2013. Mainstream support for Windows Server 2012 ended on October 9, 2018, and extended support will end on October 10, 2023. Windows Server 2012 is eligible for the paid Extended Security Updates (ESU) program, which offers continued security updates until October 13, 2026.

Unlike its predecessor, Windows Server 2012 does not support the Itanium architecture,^[5] and has four editions. Various features were added or improved over Windows Server 2008 R2 (with many placing an emphasis on cloud computing), such as an updated version of Hyper-V, an IP address management role, a new version of Windows Task Manager, and ReFS, a new file system. Windows Server 2012 received generally good reviews in spite of having included the same controversial Metro-based user interface seen in Windows 8, which includes the Charms Bar for quick access to settings in the desktop environment.

History[edit]

Windows Server 2012, codenamed «Windows Server 8»,^[6] is the fifth release of Windows Server family of operating systems developed concurrently with Windows 8.^[7][8]

Microsoft introduced Windows Server 2012 and its developer preview in the BUILD 2011 conference on September 9, 2011.^[9] However, unlike Windows 8, the developer preview of Windows Server 2012 was only made available to MSDN subscribers.^[10] It included a graphical user interface (GUI) based on Metro design language and a new Server Manager, a graphical application used for server management.^[11] On February 16, 2012, Microsoft released an update for developer preview build that extended its expiry date from April 8, 2012 to January 15, 2013.^[12]

Before Windows Server 2012 was finalized, two test builds were made public. A public beta version of Windows Server 2012 was released along with the Windows 8 Consumer Preview on February 29, 2012.^[7] On April 17, 2012, Microsoft revealed «Windows Server 2012» as the final name for the operating system.^[6] The release candidate of Windows Server 2012 was released on May 31, 2012, along with the Windows 8 Release Preview.^[8]

The product was released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012 (along with Windows and became generally available on September 4, that year.^[4] However, not all editions of Windows Server 2012 were released at the same time. Windows Server 2012 Essentials was released to manufacturing on October 9, 2012^[13] and was made generally available on November 1, 2012.^[14] As of September 23, 2012, all students subscribed to DreamSpark program can download Windows Server 2012 Standard or Datacenter free of charge.^[15]

Windows Server 2012 is based on Windows 8 and requires 64-bit CPUs.^[16] Coupled with fundamental changes in the structure of the client backups and the shared folders, there is no clear method for migrating from the previous version to Windows Server 2012.

Features[edit]

Installation options[edit]

Unlike its predecessor, Windows Server 2012 users can switch between «Server Core» and «Server with a GUI» installation options without a full re-installation. Server Core – an option with a command-line interface only – is now the recommended configuration. There is also a third installation option that allows some GUI elements such as MMC and Server Manager to run, but without the normal desktop, shell or default programs like File Explorer.^[11]

User interface[edit]

Server Manager has been redesigned with an emphasis on easing management of multiple servers.^[17] The operating system, like Windows 8, uses the Metro-based user interface unless installed in Server Core mode.^[18] The Windows Store is available by installing the desktop experience feature from the server manager, but is not installed by default.^[19] Windows PowerShell in this version has over 2300 commandlets, compared to around 200 in Windows Server 2008 R2.^[20]

Task Manager[edit]

Windows Server 2012 includes a new version of Windows Task Manager together with the old version.^[21] In the new version the tabs are hidden by default, showing applications only. In the new Processes tab, the processes are displayed in varying shades of yellow, with darker shades representing heavier resource use.^[22] Information found in the older versions are now moved to the new Details tab. The Performance tab shows «CPU», «Memory», «Disk», «Wi-Fi» and «Ethernet» graphs. Unlike the Windows 8 version of Task Manager (which looks similar), the «Disk» activity graph is not enabled by default. The CPU tab no longer displays individual graphs for every logical processor on the system by default, although that remains an option. Additionally, it can display data for each non-uniform memory access (NUMA) node. When displaying data for each logical processor for machines with more than 64 logical processors, the CPU tab now displays simple utilization percentages on heat-mapping tiles.^[23] The color used for these heat maps is blue, with darker shades again indicating heavier utilization. Hovering the cursor over any logical processor’s data now shows the NUMA node of that processor and its ID, if applicable. Additionally, a new Startup tab has been added that lists startup applications,^[24] however this tab does not exist in Windows Server 2012.^[25] The new task manager recognizes when a Windows Store app has the «Suspended» status.

IP address management (IPAM)[edit]

Windows Server 2012 has an IP address management role for discovering, monitoring, auditing, and managing the IP address space used on a corporate network. The IPAM is used for the management and monitoring of Domain Name System (DNS) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers. Both IPv4 and IPv6 are fully supported.^[26]

Active Directory[edit]

Windows Server 2012 has a number of changes to Active Directory from the version shipped with Windows Server 2008 R2. The Active Directory Domain Services installation wizard has been replaced by a new section in Server Manager, and a GUI has been added to the Active Directory Recycle Bin.^[27] Multiple password policies can be set in the same domain.^[28] Active Directory in Windows Server 2012 is now aware of any changes resulting from virtualization, and virtualized domain controllers can be safely cloned. Upgrades of the domain functional level to Windows Server 2012 are simplified; it can be performed entirely in Server Manager. Active Directory Federation Services is no longer required to be downloaded when installed as a role, and claims which can be used by the Active Directory Federation Services have been introduced into the Kerberos token. Windows Powershell commands used by Active Directory Administrative Center can be viewed in a «Powershell History Viewer».^[29][30]

Hyper-V[edit]

Windows Server 2012, along with Windows 8, includes a new version of Hyper-V,^[31] as presented at the Microsoft BUILD event.^[32] Many new features have been added to Hyper-V, including network virtualization, multi-tenancy, storage resource pools, cross-premises connectivity, and cloud backup. Additionally, many of the former restrictions on resource consumption have been greatly lifted. Each virtual machine in this version of Hyper-V can access up to 64 virtual processors, up to 1 terabyte of memory, and up to 64 terabytes of virtual disk space per virtual hard disk (using a new .vhdx format).^[33][34] Up to 1024 virtual machines can be active per host, and up to 8000 can be active per failover cluster.^[35] SLAT is a required processor feature for Hyper-V on Windows 8, while for Windows Server 2012 it is only required for the supplementary RemoteFX role.^[36]

ReFS[edit]

Main article: ReFS

Resilient File System (ReFS),^[37] codenamed «Protogon»,^[38] is a new file system in Windows Server 2012 initially intended for file servers that improves on NTFS in some respects. Major new features of ReFS include:^[39][40]

Improved reliability for on-disk structures

ReFS uses B+ trees^[39] for all on-disk structures including metadata and file data. Metadata and file data are organized into tables similar to a relational database. The file size, number of files in a folder, total volume size and number of folders in a volume are limited by 64-bit numbers; as a result ReFS supports a maximum file size of 16 exabytes, a maximum of 18.4 × 10¹⁸ folders and a maximum volume size of 1 yottabyte (with 64 KB clusters) which allows large scalability with no practical limits on file and folder size (hardware restrictions still apply). Free space is counted by a hierarchical allocator which includes three separate tables for large, medium, and small chunks. File names and file paths are each limited to a 32 KB Unicode text string.

Built-in resilience

ReFS employs an allocation-on-write update strategy for metadata,^[39] which allocates new chunks for every update transaction and uses large IO batches. All ReFS metadata has built-in 64-bit checksums which are stored independently. The file data can have an optional checksum in a separate «integrity stream», in which case the file update strategy also implements allocation-on-write; this is controlled by a new «integrity» attribute applicable to both files and directories. If nevertheless file data or metadata becomes corrupt, the file can be deleted without taking the whole volume offline. As a result of built-in resiliency, administrators do not need to periodically run error-checking tools such as CHKDSK when using ReFS.

Compatibility with existing APIs and technologies

ReFS does not require new system APIs and most file system filters continue to work with ReFS volumes.^[39] ReFS supports many existing Windows and NTFS features such as BitLocker encryption, Access Control Lists, USN Journal, change notifications,^[41] symbolic links, junction points, mount points, reparse points, volume snapshots, file IDs, and oplock. ReFS seamlessly^[39] integrates with Storage Spaces, a storage virtualization layer that allows data mirroring and striping, as well as sharing storage pools between machines.^[42] ReFS resiliency features enhance the mirroring feature provided by Storage Spaces and can detect whether any mirrored copies of files become corrupt using background data scrubbing process, which periodically reads all mirror copies and verifies their checksums then replaces bad copies with good ones.

Some NTFS features are not supported in ReFS, including object IDs, short names, file compression, file level encryption (EFS), user data transactions, hard links, extended attributes, and disk quotas.^[38][39] Sparse files are supported.^[43][44] Support for named streams is not implemented in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, though it was later added in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2.^[45] ReFS does not itself offer data deduplication.^[39] Dynamic disks with mirrored or striped volumes are replaced with mirrored or striped storage pools provided by Storage Spaces. In Windows Server 2012, automated error-correction with integrity streams is only supported on mirrored spaces; automatic recovery on parity spaces was added in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2.^[45] Booting from ReFS is not supported either.

IIS 8.0[edit]

Windows Server 2012 includes version 8.0 of Internet Information Services (IIS). The new version contains new features such as SNI, CPU usage caps for particular websites,^[46] centralized management of SSL certificates, WebSocket support and improved support for NUMA, but few other substantial changes were made.^[47]

Remote Desktop Protocol 8.0[edit]

Remote Desktop Protocol has new functions such as Adaptive Graphics (progressive rendering and related techniques), automatic selection of TCP or UDP as transport protocol, multi touch support, DirectX 11 support for vGPU, USB redirection supported independently of vGPU support, etc.^[48] A «connection quality» button is displayed in the RDP client connection bar for RDP 8.0 connections; clicking on it provides further information about connection, including whether UDP is in use or not.^[49]

Scalability[edit]

Windows Server 2012 supports the following maximum hardware specifications.^[34][50] Windows Server 2012 improves over its predecessor Windows Server 2008 R2:

Specification	Windows Server 2012	Windows Server 2008 R2
Physical processors[a]	64	64
Logical processors when Hyper-V is disabled	640	256
Logical processors when Hyper-V is enabled	320[b]	64
Memory	4 TB	2 TB
Failover cluster nodes (in any single cluster)	64	16

System requirements[edit]

Minimum system requirements for Windows Server 2012^[52]

Processor	1.4 GHz, x64
Memory	512 MB
Free disk space	32 GB (more if there is at least 16 GB of RAM)

Windows Server 2012 runs only on x86-64 processors. Unlike older versions, Windows Server 2012 does not support Itanium.^[5]

Upgrades from Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2 are supported, although upgrades from prior releases are not.^[52]

Editions[edit]

Windows Server 2012 has four editions: Foundation, Essentials, Standard and Datacenter.^{[53][54][55][56][50]}

Reception[edit]

Reviews of Windows Server 2012 have been generally positive.^[59][60][61] Simon Bisson of ZDNet described it as «ready for the datacenter, today,»^[59] while Tim Anderson of The Register said that «The move towards greater modularity, stronger automation and improved virtualisation makes perfect sense in a world of public and private clouds» but remarked that «That said, the capability of Windows to deliver obscure and time-consuming errors is unchanged» and concluded that «Nevertheless, this is a strong upgrade overall.»^[60]

InfoWorld noted that Server 2012’s use of Windows 8’s panned «Metro» user interface was countered by Microsoft’s increasing emphasis on the Server Core mode, which had been «fleshed out with new depth and ease-of-use features» and increased use of the «practically mandatory» PowerShell.^[62] However, Michael Otey of Windows IT Pro expressed dislike with the new Metro interface and the lack of ability to use the older desktop interface alone, saying that most users of Windows Server manage their servers using the graphical user interface rather than PowerShell.^[63]

Paul Ferrill wrote that «Windows Server 2012 Essentials provides all the pieces necessary to provide centralized file storage, client backups, and remote access,»^[64] but Tim Anderson contended that «Many businesses that are using SBS2011 and earlier will want to stick with what they have», citing the absence of Exchange, the lack of ability to synchronize with Active Directory Federation Services and the 25-user limit,^[65] while Paul Thurott wrote «you should choose Foundation only if you have at least some in-company IT staff and/or are comfortable outsourcing management to a Microsoft partner or solution provider» and «Essentials is, in my mind, ideal for any modern startup of just a few people.»^[66]

Windows Server 2012 R2[edit]

A second release, Windows Server 2012 R2, which is derived from the Windows 8.1 codebase, was released to manufacturing on August 27, 2013^[67] and became generally available on October 18, 2013, by Microsoft.^[68] A service pack, formally designated Windows Server 2012 R2 Update, was released in April 2014.^[69][70]

Support Lifecycle[edit]

Microsoft originally planned to end mainstream support for Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 on January 9, 2018, with extended support ending on January 10, 2023. In order to provide customers the standard transition lifecycle timeline, Microsoft extended Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2 support in March 2017 by 9 months. Windows Server 2012 reached the end of mainstream support on October 9, 2018 and Extended Support will end on October 10, 2023.^[71][72][73]

Microsoft announced in July 2021 that they will distribute Extended Security Updates for Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 for up to 3 years after the end of Extended Support.^[74] For Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2, these updates will last until October 13, 2026. This will mark the final end of the Windows NT 6.2 product line after 14 years, 2 months and 12 days and will also mark the final end of the Windows NT 6.3 product line after 13 years, 1 month and 16 days.

See also[edit]

• Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
• Comparison of operating systems
• History of Microsoft Windows
• List of operating systems
• Microsoft Servers

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Stanek, William (2013). Windows Server 2012 Inside Out. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-0-7356-6631-3.
• Stanek, William (2014). Windows Server 2012 R2 Inside Out Volume 1: Configuration, Storage, & Essentials. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-0-7356-8267-2.
• Stanek, William (2014). Windows Server 2012 R2 Inside Out Volume 2: Services, Security, & Infrastructure. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-0-7356-8255-9.

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows Server 2012 on TechNet
• Windows Server 2012 R2 on MSDN
• Windows Server 2012 on MSDN
• Tutorials and Lab Manual Articles of Windows Server 2012 R2

Николай Печенкин — старший преподаватель учебного центра «Микротест» по направлению Microsoft

.

1. Редакция Windows Server 2012 Standard. Включает в себя все роли и компоненты, доступные для платформы Windows Server 2012, поддерживает до 64 процессорных разъемов, до 4 Тбайт оперативной памяти и предусматривает две лицензии для виртуальных машин.

2. Редакция Windows Server 2012 Datacenter. Включает все роли и компоненты, доступные для платформы Windows Server 2012, поддерживает до 64 процессорных разъемов, до 640 ядер процессоров и до 4 Тбайт оперативной памяти. Предусматривает неограниченное количество лицензий для запуска виртуальных машин на этом же оборудовании.

3. Редакция Windows Server 2012 Foundation. Поставляется только вместе с серверным аппаратным обеспечением, поддерживает 15 пользователей; сервер не может быть включен в домен. Поддерживает один процессор, 32 Гбайт оперативной памяти и только часть служебных ролей сервера.

4. Windows Server 2012 Essentials. Служит в качестве замены редакции Small Business Server в предыдущих версиях. Не может запускать роль Hyper-V, участвовать в формировании отказоустойчивого кластера, устанавливаться в режиме ядра server core или быть сервером служб удаленных рабочих столов remote desktop services. Поддерживает подключение до 25 пользователей и 50 устройств, два процессора и 64 Гбайт оперативной памяти. Сервер с этой редакцией должен быть основным (root) сервером в домене.

5. Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012. Автономная редакция Hyper-V для виртуальных машин без пользовательского интерфейса. Не требует лицензии для хостовой операционной системы, виртуальные машины при этом лицензируются как обычно. Поддерживает 64 процессорных разъема и 4 Tбайт оперативной памяти. Может подключаться к домену. Не поддерживает другие роли Windows Server 2012.

6. Windows Storage Server 2012 Workgroup. Поставляется только вместе с аппаратным обеспечением. Система хранения начального уровня. Поддерживает до 50 пользователей, один процессор и 32 Гбайт оперативной памяти. Возможно подключение к домену.

7. Windows Storage Server 2012 Standard. Поддерживает 64 процессора, но лицензируется с шагом в два. Поддерживает 4 Tбайт оперативной памяти. Включает две лицензии на виртуальные машины. Предполагает включение в домен. Поддерживает некоторые роли, например DNS и DHCP Server, но не поддерживает: Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS), Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) и Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS).

8. Windows MultiPoint Server 2012 Standard. Предусматривает доступ нескольких пользователей к одному хостовому компьютеру напрямую, при этом каждый из них использует свою мышь, клавиатуру и монитор. Поддерживает один процессор, 32 Гбайт оперативной памяти и максимум 12 сессий. Поддерживает некоторые роли, например DNS и DHCP Server roles, но не поддерживает AD DS, AD CS и AD FS. Включение в домен невозможно.

9. Windows MultiPoint Server 2012 Premium. Поддерживает доступ нескольких пользователей к одному хостовому компьютеру напрямую, при этом каждый работает со своей мышью, клавиатурой и монитором. Поддерживает 2 процессора, 4 Тбайт оперативной памяти и максимум 22 сессии. Предполагается использование некоторых ролей, например DNS и DHCP Server; не поддерживаются AD DS, AD CS и AD FS. Допускается подключение к домену.

Требования к аппаратной части Windows Server 2012 зависят от количества ролей и пользователей, подключающихся к серверу. Каждая роль и каждый установленный компонент, в свою очередь, увеличивают общую нагрузку на жесткий диск, процессор, память. При установке Windows Server 2012 в виртуальной среде требования к аппаратной части не меняются, установка возможна на платформу виртуализации Hyper-V, а также на некоторые платформы сторонних разработчиков. Минимальные требования к аппаратному обеспечению представлены в таблице.

При рассмотрении вопроса об обновлении или миграции на Windows Server 2012 следует учитывать особенности, описанные ниже.

Установка через обновление

При установке методом обновления сохраняются файлы, настройки и приложения, установленные на исходном сервере. Вы выполняете обновление в случае, если хотите продолжать использовать то же самое серверное оборудование. Вы можете обновить имеющуюся версию до Windows Server 2012 только с x64 версий Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008 и Windows Server 2008 R2.

Установка посредством миграции

Используйте миграцию, когда вы хотите перейти от x86 версии Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2 или Windows Server 2008. При миграции можно задействовать компонент Windows Server Migration Tools, входящий в состав Windows Server 2012 для переноса файлов и настроек с компьютеров, работающих под управлением Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2.

Кроме представленных выше редакций Windows Server 2012 поддерживает установку в режимеServer Core (минимальный вариант установки Windows Server 2012). При этом работа с сервером осуществляется из командной строки либо с удаленного компьютера, с помощью установленных средств администрирования. Подобный подход имеет ряд преимуществ.

-Поскольку сервер в режиме Server Core имеет меньшее количество компонентов, он требует меньшего количества обновлений, что сокращает время обслуживания сервера системными администраторами.

-Набор функций минимален, требуется меньшее количество оперативной памяти и меньше места на диске.

-Меньшее количество приложений сокращает площадь атаки на сервер.

Возможны два варианта установки Server Core. Первый — стандартный вариант установки. По умолчанию все графические инструменты администрирования находятся в состоянии «Удалены» (Removed). Управление осуществляется локально, только из командной строки, либо путем подключения с удаленной системы с помощью графических средств. Вы можете преобразовать Server Core до полной версии Windows Server 2012 с графическими инструментами администрирования только при наличии всех файлов установки.

Второй вариант — установка в режиме Server Core с инструментами управления. Этот вариант также известен как Server Core-Full Server. Данная редакция работает подобно Windows Server 2012 с графическими инструментами управления. При этом все графические компоненты уже скопированы на диск, но не установлены. Вы можете конвертировать Server Core-Full Server до Windows Server 2012 без дополнительных файлов установки.

Пробежимся по установке

Обычная установка Windows Server 2012 (если вы ее осуществляете без использования файла ответов) включает следующие шаги.

1.Подключение к источнику установки. При этом возможны варианты:

*начать установку с DVD-ROM;

*начать установку с диска USB;

*произвести загрузку по сети (PXE boot), после чего подключиться к серверу WDS и начать установку.

2.На первой странице Windows Setup Wizard необходимо выбрать:

*язык установки;

*формат времени и валюты;

*раскладку и методы ввода.

3.На второй странице мастера Windows Setup Wizard следует выбрать вариант «Установить» (Install now). Также на этой странице вы можете выбрать вариант «Восстановить» (Repair Your Computer). Эту возможность следует выбирать в том случае, если вы не можете загрузить уже установленную версию Windows Server 2012.

4.На странице выбора версии операционной системы указывается версия для установки. По умолчанию задан режим Server Core.

5.На странице лицензионного соглашения необходимо ознакомиться с ним и принять для продолжения установки.

6.На странице выбора типа установки доступны следующие варианты:

*обновление (Upgrade); выбирайте этот вариант, если требуется выполнить обновление до Windows Server 2012 с уже установленной версии Windows Server;

*Custom; выбирайте этот вариант, если нужно выполнить новую установку.

7.На странице выбора места для установки укажите диск, на который необходимо произвести установку. На данном этапе вы можете отформатировать диск, разбить его на разделы, создать диск VHD для установки операционной системы на него. После нажатия кнопки «Далее» начнется процесс копирования файлов, и компьютер будет несколько раз перезагружен. Время установки в первую очередь зависит от аппаратных характеристик компьютера.

8.На странице настроек Settings необходимо ввести пароль для локальной учетной записи администратора, после чего вы сможете выполнить регистрацию в системе для выполнения дополнительных настроек.

От ядра

Одной из новых функций Windows Server 2012 является возможность перехода от версии Core к полноценной версии с графическим интерфейсом без переустановки всей операционной системы. Для этого потребуется выполнить следующие действия:

-создать папку для монтирования образа. Для этого в командной строке выполним команду mkdir c:mount

-смонтировать образ полной версии Windows Server 2012 — dism.exe /mount-image /ImageFile:d:sourcesinstall.wim /Index:4 /Mountdir:c:mount /readonly

-импортировать графические модули, выполнив следующие команды:

*PowerShell.exe

*Import-Module ServerManagerInstall-WindowsFeature -IncludeAllSubfeature User-Interfaces-Infra -Source:c:mountwindows

и далее выполнить перезагрузку — Shutdown /r /t 5

После проведения этой процедуры вы получите полноценную версию Windows Server 2012 с графическими инструментами управления (см. экран).

Экран. Окно Windows Server 2012 с графическими инструментами управления

Для обратного преобразования необходимо выполнить следующие команды:

— Powershell.exe;

— Import-Module ServerManager;

— Uninstall-WindowsFeature User-Interfaces-Infra;

— Shutdown /r /t 5.

Системные требования Windows Server 2012 R2

Минимальные системные требования

• Разрядность: x86 (32-bit) или x64 (64-bit)
• ЦП [CPU]: от 1.4 GHz
• Видеоадаптер [GPU]: Встроенная или внешняя
• Винчестер [HDD]: 60 Gb
• Оперативная память [RAM]: 2 Gb
• Аудиокарта [AUDIO]: Любая
• Контроллер: Клавиатура, Мышь
• Интернет: Может понадобиться для некоторых задач
• Разрешение экрана: SVGA 800×600
• Дополнительно: DVD/CD привод

Рекомендуемые системные требования

• Разрядность: x64 (64-bit)
• ЦП [CPU]: от 3.1 GHz
• Видеоадаптер [GPU]: Аналогично минимальной версии
• Винчестер [HDD]: 160 Gb
• Оперативная память [RAM]: 16 Gb
• Аудиокарта [AUDIO]: Любая
• Контроллер: Клавиатура, Мышь Microsoft Mouse
• Интернет: Широкополосное соединение
• Разрешение экрана: 1024х768
• Дополнительно: DVD/CD или USB

Информация

• Название: Windows Server 2012 R2
• Тип приложения: Операционная система
• Для устройств: PC
• Дата выхода: 2013 г.
• Разработчик: Microsoft
• Официальный сайт: www.microsoft.com

Для того, чтобы нужная OS Виндовс сервер 2012 Р2 нормально работала ПК, его минимальные системные характеристики должны соответствовать хотя-бы таким условиям: Центральный процессор обязан являться 32-бит или 64-бит, с частотой 1.4 GHz. «Оперативки» нормальным количеством будет 8 Gb, это даст возможность комфортно гулять по всемирной сети и параллельно выполнять другие задачи. Объем винчестера должно быть не меньше 60 Gb. Видеокарта с DirectX.

Системные требования Windows Server 2012

Минимальные системные требования

• Разрядность: x86 (32-bit) или x64 (64-bit)
• ЦП [CPU]: 1.4 GHz для x64
• Видеоадаптер [GPU]: Встроенная или дискретная
• Видеопамять [VRAM]: 32 Mb
• Винчестер [HDD]: 60 Gb
• Оперативная память [RAM]: 2 Gb
• Аудиокарта [AUDIO]: Любая
• Контроллер: Клавиатура, Мышь
• Интернет: Может понадобиться для некоторых задач
• DirectX: —
• Разрешение экрана: SVGA 800×600
• Дополнительно: DVD/CD привод

Поддерживаемые клиентские ОС Windows 7/8, Macintosh OS X 10.5/10.8.

Рекомендуемые системные требования

• Разрядность: x64 (64-bit)
• ЦП [CPU]: 3.1 GHz для x64
• Видеоадаптер [GPU]: Аналогично минимальной версии
• Винчестер [HDD]: 60 Gb
• Оперативная память [RAM]: 8 Gb
• Аудиокарта [AUDIO]: Любая
• Контроллер: Клавиатура, Мышь Microsoft Mouse
• Разрешение экрана: от 1024х768
• Дополнительно: DVD/CD привод или USB

Информация

• Название: Windows Server 2012
• Тип приложения: Операционная система
• Для устройств: PC
• Дата выхода: 2012 г.
• Разработчик: Microsoft
• Официальный сайт: www.microsoft.com

Для того чтобы ОС Виндовс сервер 2012 полноценно функционировала на компьютере, минимальные системные характеристики его обязаны быть хотя-бы следующими: Процессор должен быть 32 (x86) или 64 (x64) разрядным со скоростью 1,4 Ггц. ОЗУ оптимальным сочетанием будет 4 Гб, что позволит путешествовать по интернет а также выполнять несколько процессов. Объем HDD должно составлять хотя-бы 60 гигабайт. GPU с видеопамятью 32 Mb с поддержкой DX.

System Requirements and Installation Information for Windows Server 2012 R2

Applies To: Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2

This topic addresses the information you need to install Windows ServerВ® 2012 R2. The process of moving to Windows Server 2012 R2 might vary greatly depending on which operating system you are starting with and the pathway you take. We use the following terms to distinguish among different actions, any of which could be involved in a new Windows Server 2012 R2 deployment.

Installation is the basic concept of getting the new operating system on your hardware. Specifically, a clean installation requires deleting the previous operating system.

Upgrade means moving from your existing operating system to Windows Server 2012 R2, while staying on the same hardware. You can upgrade from an evaluation version of Windows Server 2012 R2, a current retail version of certain editions of Windows Server 2012 R2 (an action known as “license conversion”), a previous retail version of certain editions of Windows Server, or from a volume-licensed edition of Windows Server 2012 R2. Even while staying on the same hardware, some server roles might require specific steps to ensure a smooth upgrade. For detailed information about upgrading by any of these methods to Windows Server 2012 R2, see upgrade options

Migration means moving from your existing operating system to Windows Server 2012 R2 by transferring to a different set of hardware. Migration, which might vary considerably depending on the server roles you have installed, is discussed in detail at https://technet.microsoft.com/windowsserver/dn458795.

Did you know that Microsoft Azure provides similar functionality in the cloud? Learn more about Microsoft Azure virtualization solutions.

Clean installation

Before you start a clean installation of Windows Server 2012 R2, you should perform the following steps.

Review the system requirements

Review preinstallation documentation

Obtain the product

Perform preinstallation tasks

Review system requirements

The following are estimated system requirements for the Windows Server 2012 R2. If your computer has less than the «minimum» requirements, you will not be able to install this product correctly. Actual requirements will vary based on your system configuration and the applications and features you install.

The highly diverse scope of potential deployments makes it unrealistic to state “recommended” system requirements that would be generally applicable. Consult documentation for each of the server roles you intend to deploy for more details about the resource needs of particular server roles. For the best results, conduct test deployments to determine appropriate system requirements for your particular deployment scenarios.

Processor

Processor performance depends not only on the clock frequency of the processor, but also on the number of processor cores and the size of the processor cache. The following are the processor requirements for this product:

• Minimum: 1.4В GHz 64-bit processor

The following are the estimated RAM requirements for this product:

• Minimum: 512 MB

If you create a virtual machine with the minimum supported hardware parameters (1 processor core and 512 MB RAM) and then attempt to install this release on the virtual machine, Setup will fail. To avoid this, do one of the following: Allocate more than 800 MB RAM to the virtual machine you intend to install this release on. Once Setup has completed, you can change the allocation to as little as 512 MB RAM, depending on the actual server configuration. Interrupt the boot process of this release on the virtual machine with SHIFT+F10. In the command prompt that opens, use Diskpart.exe to create and format an installation partition. Run Wpeutil createpagefile /path=C:pf.sys (assuming the installation partition you created was C:). Close the command prompt and proceed with Setup.

Disk space requirements

The following are the estimated minimum disk space requirements for the system partition.

Minimum: 32 GB

Be aware that 32 GB should be considered an absolute minimum value for successful installation. This minimum should allow you to install Windows Server 2012 R2 in Server Core mode, with the Web Services (IIS) server role. A server in Server Core mode is about 4 GB smaller than the same server in Server with a GUI mode. For the smallest possible installation footprint, start with a Server Core installation and then completely remove any server roles or features you do not need by using Features on Demand. For more information about Server Core and Minimal Server Interface modes, see Windows Server Installation Options. The system partition will need extra space for any of the following circumstances: If you install the system over a network. Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM will require more disk space for paging, hibernation, and dump files.

Other requirements

You also must have the following:

Gigabit (10/100/1000baseT) Ethernet adapter

DVD drive (if you intend to install the operating system from DVD media)

The following items are not strictly required, but are necessary for certain features:

Super VGA (1024 x 768) or higher-resolution monitor

Keyboard and MicrosoftВ® mouse (or other compatible pointing device)

Internet access (fees may apply)

Review preinstallation documentation

To ensure that you are aware of any issues that might require workarounds, features that have been removed from the product, and features that have been added to the product, review these topics:

Obtain the server product

You can obtain evaluation versions of Windows Server 2012 R2 (convertible to retail versions) in ISO or VHD format from the TechNet Evaluation Center.

You can obtain evaluation versions (convertible to retail versions) in ISO or VHD format from the TechNet Evaluation Center. You can also buy retail versions from the Microsoft Store.

Perform preinstallation tasks

Before you install Windows Server 2012 R2, follow the steps in this section to prepare for the installation.

Disconnect UPS devices. If you have an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) connected to your destination computer, disconnect the serial cable before running Setup. Setup automatically attempts to detect devices that are connected to serial ports, and UPS equipment can cause issues with the detection process.

Back up your servers. Your backup should include all data and configuration information that is necessary for the computer to function. It is important to perform a backup of configuration information for servers, especially those that provide network infrastructure, such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers. When you perform the backup, be sure to include the boot and system partitions and the system state data. Another way to back up configuration information is to create a backup set for Automated System Recovery.

Disable your virus protection software. Virus protection software can interfere with installation. For example, it can make installation much slower by scanning every file that is copied locally to your computer.

Provide mass storage drivers. If your manufacturer has supplied a separate driver file, save the file to a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drive in either the root directory of the media or the amd64 folder. To provide the driver during Setup, on the disk selection page, click Load Driver (or press F6). You can browse to locate the driver or have Setup search the media.

Be aware that Windows Firewall is on by default. Server applications that must receive unsolicited inbound connections will fail until you create inbound firewall rules to allow them. Check with your application vendor to determine which ports and protocols are necessary for the application to run correctly.

Evaluation versions of Windows Server 2012

Evaluation versions are 64-bit only and can be installed with the Server Core option or the Server with a GUI option. For more information about these installation options, how to convert between them, and how to use the Minimal Server Interface and Features on Demand, see https://technet.microsoft.com//library/hh831786.

For all editions, you have 10 days to complete online activation, at which point the evaluation period begins and runs for 180 days. During the evaluation period, a notification on the Desktop displays the days remaining the evaluation period (except in Windows Server 2012 Essentials). You can also run slmgr.vbs /dlv from an elevated command prompt to see the time remaining.

Limits of evaluation versions

All evaluation versions are fully functional during the evaluation period, although booting to Safe mode is not available. The Windows Server 2012 Standard and Windows Server 2012 Datacenter editions come with the activation key pre-installed. After the 180-day evaluation period elapses, the server warns you in various ways depending on the edition:

Windows Server 2012 Standard; Windows Server 2012 Datacenter:

The following warning appears on the Desktop: Windows License is expired

When you log on to Windows, you are prompted with the following options:

The system shuts down every hour.

The only updates that can be installed are security updates.

Event ID 100 from source WLMS “The license period for this installation of Windows has expired. The operating system will shut down every hour.” appears in the Application log.

Windows Server 2012 Essentials: you receive warnings on the Desktop and on the dashboard, but the server does not shut down.

Installing versions distributed as VHDs

In addition to the other distribution channels, Windows Server 2012 R2 is also available as a pre-configured virtual hard disk (VHD) file, which you can obtain from the TechNet Evaluation Center (https://technet.microsoft.com/evalcenter/dn205286.aspx). VHD files are available with Windows Server 2012 R2 pre-configured in either Server Core mode or Server with a GUI mode (though you can switch modes after installation at will). The resulting virtual machine has the following characteristics:

80 GB hard drive

To use the VHD distribution, you must have a computer running Windows ServerВ 2008В R2, Windows Server 2012, or Windows Server 2012 R2. The Hyper-V server role must be installed.

To install the VHD

Download the VHD file to a convenient location. A common location is C:UsersPublicDocumentsHyper-VVirtual hard disks, but any location you prefer will work.

Start Hyper-V Manager. On the Action menu, point to New, and then point to Virtual Machine.

Complete the New Virtual Machine wizard, and on the Connect Virtual Hard Disk page, choose Attach a virtual hard disk later.

After completing the New Virtual Machine wizard, check Hyper-V Manager to verify that the virtual machine was successfully created.

Right-click the new virtual machine and point to Settings. In the left pane, click IDE Controller 0. In the right pane, point to Hard Drive, and then Add. In the menu that opens, click Virtual Hard Disk and point to Browse. . Navigate to the location of the VHD you downloaded, select that file, and then click OK.

Configure the network adapter for the resulting virtual machine: right-click the virtual machine and select Settings. In the left pane, click Network Adapter. In the menu that appears, select one of the network adapters of the virtualization server, and then click OK.

Start the virtual machine.

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