Windows xp цена на момент выхода

Screenshot of Windows XP running the Luna visual style, showing the start menu, taskbar, and My Computer window
Windows XP

Version of the Windows NT operating system
Windows XP Logo and Wordmark.png
Windows XP Luna.png

Screenshot of Windows XP running the Luna visual style, showing the start menu, taskbar, and My Computer window
Developer Microsoft
Source model
  • Closed-source
  • Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)[1]
Released to
manufacturing		 August 24, 2001; 21 years ago[2]
General
availability		 October 25, 2001; 21 years ago[2]
Final release Service Pack 3 (5.1.2600.5512) / April 21, 2008; 14 years ago[3]
Marketing target Consumer and Business
Update method
  • Windows Update
  • Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)
  • System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM)
Platforms IA-32, x86-64, and Itanium
Kernel type Hybrid (NT)
Userland
  • Windows API
  • NTVDM (IA-32 only)
  • SFU
License Proprietary commercial software
Preceded by
  • Windows 2000 (1999)
  • Windows Me (2000)
Succeeded by Windows Vista (2007)
Official website Windows XP (archived at Wayback Machine)
Support status
All editions (except Windows XP Embedded, Windows XP 64-bit Edition, Windows Embedded for Point of Service, Windows Embedded Standard 2009, and Windows Embedded POSReady 2009):

  • Mainstream support ended on April 14, 2009.[4]
  • Extended support ended on April 8, 2014.[4]

Windows XP 64-bit Edition:

  • Unsupported as of June 30, 2005[5]

Windows XP Embedded:

  • Mainstream support ended on January 11, 2011.[4]
  • Extended support ended on January 12, 2016.[4]

Windows Embedded for Point of Service:

  • Mainstream support ended on April 12, 2011.[6]
  • Extended support ended on April 12, 2016.[6]

Windows Embedded Standard 2009:

  • Mainstream support ended on January 14, 2014.[7]
  • Extended support ended on January 8, 2019.[7]

Windows Embedded POSReady 2009:

  • Mainstream support ended on April 8, 2014.[8]
  • Extended support ended on April 9, 2019.[8]

Windows XP is a major release of Microsoft’s Windows NT operating system. It was released to manufacturing on August 24, 2001, and later to retail on October 25, 2001. It is a direct upgrade to its predecessors, Windows 2000 for high-end and business users and Windows Me for home users, and is available for any devices running Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Windows Me that meet the new Windows XP system requirements.

Development of Windows XP began in the late 1990s under the codename «Neptune», built on the Windows NT kernel and explicitly intended for mainstream consumer use. An updated version of Windows 2000 was also initially planned for the business market. However, in January 2000, both projects were scrapped in favor of a single OS codenamed «Whistler», which would serve as a single platform for both consumer and business markets. As a result, Windows XP is the first consumer edition of Windows not based on the Windows 95 kernel or MS-DOS. Windows XP removed support for PC-98, i486 and SGI Visual Workstation 320 and 540 and will only run on 32-bit x86 CPUs and devices that use BIOS firmware.

Upon its release, Windows XP received critical acclaim, noting increased performance and stability (especially compared to Windows Me), a more intuitive user interface, improved hardware support, and expanded multimedia capabilities. Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 were succeeded by Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, released in 2007 and 2008, respectively.

Mainstream support for Windows XP ended on April 14, 2009, and extended support ended on April 8, 2014. Windows Embedded POSReady 2009, based on Windows XP Professional, received security updates until April 2019. After that, unofficial methods were made available to apply the updates to other editions of Windows XP. Still, Microsoft discouraged this practice, citing compatibility issues.[9] However, over eight years from the end of life date (September 2022), the majority of PCs in some countries (such as Armenia) still appeared to be running on Windows XP.[10] As of September 2022, globally, just 0.39% of Windows PCs[11] and 0.1% of all devices across all platforms continued to run Windows XP.

Development

In the late 1990s, initial development of what would become Windows XP was focused on two individual products: «Odyssey», which was reportedly intended to succeed the future Windows 2000 and «Neptune», which was reportedly a consumer-oriented operating system using the Windows NT architecture, succeeding the MS-DOS-based Windows 98.[12]

However, the projects proved to be too ambitious. In January 2000, shortly prior to the official release of Windows 2000, technology writer Paul Thurrott reported that Microsoft had shelved both Neptune and Odyssey in favor of a new product codenamed «Whistler», named after Whistler, British Columbia, as many Microsoft employees skied at the Whistler-Blackcomb ski resort.[13] The goal of Whistler was to unify both the consumer and business-oriented Windows lines under a single, Windows NT platform. Thurrott stated that Neptune had become «a black hole when all the features that were cut from Windows Me were simply re-tagged as Neptune features. And since Neptune and Odyssey would be based on the same code-base anyway, it made sense to combine them into a single project».[14]

At PDC on July 13, 2000, Microsoft announced that Whistler would be released during the second half of 2001, and also unveiled the first preview build, 2250, which featured an early implementation of Windows XP’s visual styles system and interface changes to Windows Explorer and the Control Panel.[15]

Microsoft released the first public beta build of Whistler, build 2296, on October 31, 2000. Subsequent builds gradually introduced features that users of the release version of Windows XP would recognize, such as Internet Explorer 6.0, the Microsoft Product Activation system and the Bliss desktop background.[16]

Whistler was officially unveiled during a media event on February 5, 2001, under the name Windows XP, where XP stands for «eXPerience».[17]

Release

In June 2001, Microsoft indicated that it was planning to spend at least US$1 billion on marketing and promoting Windows XP, in conjunction with Intel and other PC makers.[18] The theme of the campaign, «Yes You Can», was designed to emphasize the platform’s overall capabilities. Microsoft had originally planned to use the slogan «Prepare to Fly», but it was replaced because of sensitivity issues in the wake of the September 11 attacks.[19]

On August 24, 2001, Windows XP build 2600 was released to manufacturing (RTM). During a ceremonial media event at Microsoft Redmond Campus, copies of the RTM build were given to representatives of several major PC manufacturers in briefcases, who then flew off on decorated helicopters. While PC manufacturers would be able to release devices running XP beginning on September 24, 2001, XP was expected to reach general, retail availability on October 25, 2001. On the same day, Microsoft also announced the final retail pricing of XP’s two main editions, «Home» (as a replacement for Windows Me for home computing) and «Professional» (as a replacement for Windows 2000 for high-end users).[20]

New and updated features

User interface

While retaining some similarities to previous versions, Windows XP’s interface was overhauled with a new visual appearance, with an increased use of alpha compositing effects, drop shadows, and «visual styles», which completely changed the appearance of the operating system. The number of effects enabled are determined by the operating system based on the computer’s processing power, and can be enabled or disabled on a case-by-case basis. XP also added ClearType, a new subpixel rendering system designed to improve the appearance of fonts on liquid-crystal displays.[21] A new set of system icons was also introduced.[22] The default wallpaper, Bliss, is a photo of a landscape in the Napa Valley outside Napa, California, with rolling green hills and a blue sky with stratocumulus and cirrus clouds.[23]

The Start menu received its first major overhaul in XP, switching to a two-column layout with the ability to list, pin, and display frequently used applications, recently opened documents, and the traditional cascading «All Programs» menu. The taskbar can now group windows opened by a single application into one taskbar button, with a popup menu listing the individual windows. The notification area also hides «inactive» icons by default. A «common tasks» list was added, and Windows Explorer’s sidebar was updated to use a new task-based design with lists of common actions; the tasks displayed are contextually relevant to the type of content in a folder (e.g. a folder with music displays offers to play all the files in the folder, or burn them to a CD).[24]

The «task grouping» feature introduced in Windows XP showing both grouped and individual items

Fast user switching allows additional users to log into a Windows XP machine without existing users having to close their programs and log out. Although only one user at the time can use the console (i.e. monitor, keyboard, and mouse), previous users can resume their session once they regain control of the console.[25] Service Pack 2 and Service Pack 3 also introduced new features to Windows XP post-release, including the Windows Security Center, Bluetooth support, the executable space protection, Windows Firewall, and support for SDHC cards that are larger than 4 GB and smaller than 32 GB.[26][27][28][29]

Infrastructure

Windows XP uses prefetching to improve startup and application launch times.[30] It also became possible to revert the installation of an updated device driver, should the updated driver produce undesirable results.[31]

A copy protection system known as Windows Product Activation was introduced with Windows XP and its server counterpart, Windows Server 2003. All Windows licenses must be tied to a unique ID generated using information from the computer hardware, transmitted either via the internet or a telephone hotline. If Windows is not activated within 30 days of installation, the OS will cease to function until it is activated. Windows also periodically verifies the hardware to check for changes. If significant hardware changes are detected, the activation is voided, and Windows must be re-activated.[32]

Networking and internet functionality

Windows XP was originally bundled with Internet Explorer 6, Outlook Express 6, Windows Messenger, and MSN Explorer. New networking features were also added, including Internet Connection Firewall, Internet Connection Sharing integration with UPnP, NAT traversal APIs, Quality of Service features, IPv6 and Teredo tunneling, Background Intelligent Transfer Service, extended fax features, network bridging, peer to peer networking, support for most DSL modems, IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) connections with auto configuration and roaming, TAPI 3.1, and networking over FireWire.[33] Remote Assistance and Remote Desktop were also added, which allow users to connect to a computer running Windows XP from across a network or the Internet and access their applications, files, printers, and devices or request help.[34] Improvements were also made to IntelliMirror features such as Offline Files, Roaming user profiles and Folder redirection.[35]

Backwards compatibility

To enable running software that targets or locks out specific versions of Windows, «Compatibility mode» was added. The feature allows pretending a selected earlier version of Windows to software, starting at Windows 95.[36]

While this ability was first introduced in Windows 2000 Service Pack 2, it had to be activated through the «register server» and was only available to administrator users, whereas Windows XP has it activated out of the box and also grants it to regular users.[37]

Other features

  • Improved application compatibility and shims compared to Windows 2000.[38]
  • DirectX 8.1, upgradeable to DirectX 9.0c.[39]
  • A number of new features in Windows Explorer including task panes, thumbnails, and the option to view photos as a slideshow.[40]
  • Improved imaging features such as Windows Picture and Fax Viewer.[41]
  • Faster start-up, (because of improved Prefetch functions) logon, logoff, hibernation, and application launch sequences.[30]
  • Numerous improvements to increase the system reliability such as improved System Restore,[42] Automated System Recovery,[43] and driver reliability improvements through Device Driver Rollback.[44]
  • Hardware support improvements such as FireWire 800,[45] and improvements to multi-monitor support under the name «DualView».[46]
  • Fast user switching.[47]
  • The ClearType font rendering mechanism, which is designed to improve text readability on liquid-crystal display (LCD) and similar monitors, especially laptops.[21]
  • Side-by-side assemblies[48] and registration-free COM.[49]
  • General improvements to international support such as more locales, languages and scripts, MUI support in Terminal Services, improved Input Method Editors, and National Language Support.[50]

Removed features

Some of the programs and features that were part of the previous versions of Windows did not make it to Windows XP. Various MS-DOS commands available in its Windows 9x predecessor were removed,[51] as were the POSIX and OS/2 subsystems.[52]

In networking, NetBEUI, NWLink and NetDDE were deprecated and not installed by default.[53] Plug-and-play–incompatible communication devices (like modems and network interface cards) were no longer supported.[54]

Service Pack 2 and Service Pack 3 also removed features from Windows XP, including support for TCP half-open connections[55] and the address bar on the taskbar.[56]

Editions

Diagram representing the main editions of Windows XP. It is based on the category of the edition (grey) and codebase (black arrow).

Windows XP was released in two major editions on launch: Home Edition and Professional Edition. Both editions were made available at retail as pre-loaded software on new computers and as boxed copies. Boxed copies were sold as «Upgrade» or «Full» licenses; the «Upgrade» versions were slightly cheaper, but require an existing version of Windows to install. The «Full» version can be installed on systems without an operating system or existing version of Windows.[18] The two editions of XP were aimed at different markets: Home Edition is explicitly intended for consumer use and disables or removes certain advanced and enterprise-oriented features present on Professional, such as the ability to join a Windows domain, Internet Information Services, and Multilingual User Interface. Windows 98 or Me can be upgraded to either edition, but Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 can only be upgraded to Professional.[57] Windows’ software license agreement for pre-loaded licenses allows the software to be «returned» to the OEM for a refund if the user does not wish to use it.[58] Despite the refusal of some manufacturers to honor the entitlement, it has been enforced by courts in some countries.[59]

Two specialized variants of XP were introduced in 2002 for certain types of hardware, exclusively through OEM channels as pre-loaded software. Windows XP Media Center Edition was initially designed for high-end home theater PCs with TV tuners (marketed under the term «Media Center PC»), offering expanded multimedia functionality, an electronic program guide, and digital video recorder (DVR) support through the Windows Media Center application.[60] Microsoft also unveiled Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, which contains additional pen input features, and is optimized for mobile devices meeting its Tablet PC specifications.[61] Two different 64-bit editions of XP were made available. The first, Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, was intended for IA-64 (Itanium) systems; as IA-64 usage declined on workstations in favor of AMD’s x86-64 architecture, the Itanium edition was discontinued in January 2005.[62] A new 64-bit edition supporting the x86-64 architecture, called Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, was released in April of the same year.[63]

Microsoft also targeted emerging markets with the 2004 introduction of Windows XP Starter Edition, a special variant of Home Edition intended for low-cost PCs. The OS is primarily aimed at first-time computer owners, containing heavy localization (including wallpapers and screen savers incorporating images of local landmarks), and a «My Support» area which contains video tutorials on basic computing tasks. It also removes certain «complex» features, and does not allow users to run more than three applications at a time. After a pilot program in India and Thailand, Starter was released in other emerging markets throughout 2005.[64] In 2006, Microsoft also unveiled the FlexGo initiative, which would also target emerging markets with subsidized PCs on a pre-paid, subscription basis.[65]

As a result of unfair competition lawsuits in Europe and South Korea, which both alleged that Microsoft had improperly leveraged its status in the PC market to favor its own bundled software, Microsoft was ordered to release special editions of XP in these markets that excluded certain applications. In March 2004, after the European Commission fined Microsoft €497 million (US$603 million), Microsoft was ordered to release «N» editions of XP that excluded Windows Media Player, encouraging users to pick and download their own media player software.[66] As it was sold at the same price as the edition with Windows Media Player included, certain OEMs (such as Dell, who offered it for a short period, along with Hewlett-Packard, Lenovo and Fujitsu Siemens) chose not to offer it. Consumer interest was minuscule, with roughly 1,500 units shipped to OEMs, and no reported sales to consumers.[67] In December 2005, the Korean Fair Trade Commission ordered Microsoft to make available editions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 that do not contain Windows Media Player or Windows Messenger.[68] The «K» and «KN» editions of Windows XP were released in August 2006, and are only available in English and Korean, and also contain links to third-party instant messenger and media player software.[69]

Service packs

A service pack is a cumulative update package that is a superset of all updates, and even service packs, that have been released before it.[70] Three service packs have been released for Windows XP. Service Pack 3 is slightly different, in that it needs at least Service Pack 1 to have been installed, in order to update a live OS.[71] However, Service Pack 3 can still be embedded into a Windows installation disc; SP1 is not reported as a prerequisite for doing so.[72]

The unique boot screens from the RTM to Service Pack 1 versions of Windows XP that identified the edition of Windows XP currently running, including a green progress bar for Home Edition and a blue progress bar for Professional, Embedded, Tablet PC Edition, and Media Center Edition were removed in Service Pack 2 of Windows XP and was replaced with a generic «Windows XP» boot screen with a blue progress bar.

Service Pack 1

Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Windows XP was released on September 9, 2002. It contained over 300 minor, post-RTM bug fixes, along with all security patches released since the original release of XP. SP1 also added USB 2.0 support, the Microsoft Java Virtual Machine, .NET Framework support, and support for technologies used by the then-upcoming Media Center and Tablet PC editions of XP.[73] The most significant change on SP1 was the addition of Set Program Access and Defaults, a settings page which allows programs to be set as default for certain types of activities (such as media players or web browsers) and for access to bundled, Microsoft programs (such as Internet Explorer or Windows Media Player) to be disabled. This feature was added to comply with the settlement of United States v. Microsoft Corp., which required Microsoft to offer the ability for OEMs to bundle third-party competitors to software it bundles with Windows (such as Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player), and give them the same level of prominence as those normally bundled with the OS.[74]

On February 3, 2003, Microsoft released Service Pack 1a (SP1a). It was the same as SP1, except, the Microsoft Java Virtual Machine was excluded.[75]

Service Pack 2

Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Windows XP Home edition and Professional edition was released on August 25, 2004.[76] Headline features included WPA encryption compatibility for Wi-Fi and usability improvements to the Wi-Fi networking user interface,[77] partial Bluetooth support,[78] and various improvements to security systems.

Headed by former computer hacker Window Snyder,[79][80] the service pack’s security improvements (codenamed «Springboard»,[81] as these features were intended to underpin additional changes in Longhorn) included a major revision to the included firewall (renamed Windows Firewall, and now enabled by default), and an update to Data Execution Prevention, which gained hardware support in the NX bit that can stop some forms of buffer overflow attacks. Raw socket support is removed (which supposedly limits the damage done by zombie machines) and the Windows Messenger service (which had been abused to cause pop-up advertisements to be displayed as system messages without a web browser or any additional software) became disabled by default. Additionally, security-related improvements were made to e-mail and web browsing. Service Pack 2 also added Security Center, an interface that provides a general overview of the system’s security status, including the state of the firewall and automatic updates. Third-party firewall and antivirus software can also be monitored from Security Center.[82]

In August 2006, Microsoft released updated installation media for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 SP2 (SP2b), in order to incorporate a patch requiring ActiveX controls in Internet Explorer to be manually activated before a user may interact with them. This was done so that the browser would not violate a patent owned by Eolas.[83] Microsoft has since licensed the patent, and released a patch reverting the change in April 2008.[84] In September 2007, another minor revision known as SP2c was released for XP Professional, extending the number of available product keys for the operating system to «support the continued availability of Windows XP Professional through the scheduled system builder channel end-of-life (EOL) date of January 31, 2009.»[85]

Windows XP Service Pack 2 was later included in Windows Embedded for Point of Service and Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs.

Service Pack 3

The third and final Service Pack, SP3, was released through different channels between April[3] and June 2008,[86] about a year after the release of Windows Vista, and about a year before the release of Windows 7. Service Pack 3 was not available for Windows XP x64 Edition, which was based on the Windows Server 2003 kernel and, as a result, used its service packs[87] rather than the ones for the other editions.[88]

It began being automatically pushed out to Automatic Updates users on July 10, 2008.[89] A feature set overview which detailed new features available separately as stand-alone updates to Windows XP, as well as backported features from Windows Vista, was posted by Microsoft.[90] A total of 1,174 fixes are included in SP3.[91] Service Pack 3 could be installed on systems with Internet Explorer up to and including version 8; Internet Explorer 7 was not included as part of SP3.[92] It also did not include Internet Explorer 8, but instead was included in Windows 7, which was released one year after XP SP3.

Service Pack 3 included security enhancements over and above those of SP2, including APIs allowing developers to enable Data Execution Prevention for their code, independent of system-wide compatibility enforcement settings,[93] the Security Support Provider Interface,[94] improvements to WPA2 security,[95] and an updated version of the Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider Module that is FIPS 140-2 certified.[96]

In incorporating all previously released updates not included in SP2, Service Pack 3 included many other key features. Windows Imaging Component allowed camera vendors to integrate their own proprietary image codecs with the operating system’s features, such as thumbnails and slideshows.[97] In enterprise features, Remote Desktop Protocol 6.1 included support for ClearType and 32-bit color depth over RDP,[98] while improvements made to Windows Management Instrumentation in Windows Vista to reduce the possibility of corruption of the WMI repository were backported to XP SP3.[99]

In addition, SP3 contains updates to the operating system components of Windows XP Media Center Edition (MCE) and Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, and security updates for .NET Framework version 1.0, which is included in these editions. However, it does not include update rollups for the Windows Media Center application in Windows XP MCE 2005.[100] SP3 also omits security updates for Windows Media Player 10, although the player is included in Windows XP MCE 2005.[100] The Address Bar DeskBand on the Taskbar is no longer included because of antitrust violation concerns.[101]

Unofficial SP3 ZIP download packages were released on a now-defunct website called The Hotfix from 2005 to 2007.[102][103] The owner of the website, Ethan C. Allen, was a former Microsoft employee in Software Quality Assurance and would comb through the Microsoft Knowledge Base articles daily and download new hotfixes Microsoft would put online within the articles. The articles would have a «kbwinxppresp3fix» and/or «kbwinxpsp3fix» tag, thus allowing Allen to easily find and determine which fixes were planned for the official SP3 release to come. Microsoft publicly stated at the time that the SP3 pack was unofficial and advised users to not install it.[104][105] Allen also released a Vista SP1 package in 2007, for which Allen received a cease-and-desist email from Microsoft.[106]

Windows XP Service Pack 3 was later included in Windows Embedded Standard 2009 and Windows Embedded POSReady 2009.

System requirements

System requirements for Windows XP are as follows:

System requirements

Minimum Recommended
Home/Professional Edition[A]
CPU
  • Pentium or compatible, 233 MHz[B][C]
  • BIOS or compatible firmware[D]
  • Pentium or compatible, 300 MHz
  • BIOS or compatible firmware[D]
Memory 64 MB[E][F] 128 MB
Free space
  • 1.5 GB
  • Master boot record used[D]
  • +661 MB for Service Pack 1 and 1a[G]
  • +1.8 GB for Service Pack 2[H]
  • +900 MB for Service Pack 3[I]
Media CD-ROM drive or compatible
Display Super VGA (800 × 600)
Sound hardware N/A Sound card plus speakers/headphones
Input device(s) Keyboard, mouse
Professional x64 Edition[J]
CPU
  • x86-64 or compatible
  • BIOS or compatible firmware[D]
Memory 256 MB
Free space
  • 1.5 GB
  • Master boot record used[D]
Media CD-ROM drive or compatible
Display Super VGA (800 × 600)
Sound hardware N/A Sound card plus speakers/headphones
Input device(s) Keyboard, mouse
64-Bit Edition[K]
CPU Itanium 733 MHz Itanium 800 MHz
Memory 1 GB
Free space 6 GB
Media CD-ROM drive or compatible
Display Super VGA (800 × 600)
Input device(s) Keyboard, mouse

Notes

  1. ^ «System requirements for Windows XP operating systems». April 28, 2005. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2007.
  2. ^ Even though this is Microsoft’s stated minimum processor speed for Windows XP, it is possible to install and run the operating system on early IA-32 processors such as a P5 Pentium without MMX instructions. Windows XP is not compatible with processors older than Pentium (such as 486) or the Cyrix 6×86 because it requires CMPXCHG8B (see Pentium F00F bug) instructions.
  3. ^ «Windows XP Minimal Requirement Test». Winhistory.de. September 9, 2011. Archived from the original on December 21, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d e «Windows XP: Required firmware and partition mapping scheme of hard disk drive». Support.microsoft.com. June 26, 2013. Archived from the original on April 27, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  5. ^ A Microsoft TechNet paper from Summer 2001 (before Windows XP’s actual release), states that: «A computer with 64 MB of RAM will have sufficient resources to run Windows XP and a few applications with moderate memory requirements.» (Emphasis added.) These were said to be office productivity applications, e-mail programs, and web browsers (of the time). With such a configuration, user interface enhancements and fast user switching are turned off by default. For comparable workloads, 64 MB of RAM was then regarded as providing an equal or better user experience on Windows XP with similar settings than it would with Windows Me on the same hardware. In a later section of the paper, superior performance over Windows Me was noted with 128 MB of RAM or more, and with computers that exceed the minimum hardware requirements.
  6. ^ Sechrest, Stuart; Fortin, Michael (June 1, 2001). «Windows XP Performance». Microsoft TechNet. Archived from the original on July 27, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
  7. ^ «Hard disk space requirements for Windows XP Service Pack 1». Microsoft. October 29, 2007. Archived from the original on April 21, 2012. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
  8. ^ «The hard disk space requirements for Windows XP Service Pack 2». Microsoft. April 18, 2005. Archived from the original on November 24, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  9. ^ «Windows XP – End of Support, Migration Guide, Download – TechNet». technet.microsoft.com. 2007. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008.
  10. ^ «Windows XP Professional x64 Edition SP2 VL EN (MSDN-TechNet)». Programmer Stuffs. March 23, 2011. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
  11. ^ «Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition». Microsoft TechNet. Microsoft. August 15, 2001. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2012.

Physical memory limits

The maximum amount of RAM that Windows XP can support varies depending on the product edition and the processor architecture. All 32-bit editions of XP support up to 4 GB, except the Windows XP Starter edition, which supports up to 512 MB of RAM.[107] 64-bit editions support up to 128 GB.[108]

Processor limits

Windows XP Professional supports up to two physical processors;[109]
Windows XP Home Edition supports only one.[110]

However, XP supports a greater number of logical processors:
32-bit editions support up to 32 logical processors,[111] and 64-bit editions support up to 64 logical processors.[112]

Upgradeability

Several Windows XP components are upgradable to the latest versions, which include new versions introduced in later versions of Windows, and other major Microsoft applications are available. These latest versions for Windows XP include:

  • ActiveSync 4.5
  • DirectX 9.0c (June 7, 2010, Redistributable)
  • Internet Explorer 8 on Windows XP Service Packs 2 and 3 (Internet Explorer 6 SP1 and Outlook Express 6 SP1 on Windows XP before SP2.)
  • Windows Media Format Runtime and Windows Media Player 11 on Windows XP Service Packs 2 and 3 (and Windows Media Player 10 on Windows XP original release.)
  • Microsoft Virtual PC 2004 and 2007
  • .NET Framework up to and including version 4.0 (4.5 and higher versions are not supported.)
  • Visual Studio 2005 on Windows XP versions below SP2, Visual Studio 2008 on Windows XP SP2 and Visual Studio 2010 on Windows XP SP3
  • Windows Script Host 5.7
  • Windows Installer 4.5
  • Microsoft NetMeeting 3.02
  • Office 2010 was the last version of Microsoft Office to be compatible with Windows XP.
  • The Windows Services for UNIX subsystem can be installed to allow certain Unix-based applications to run on the operating system.

Support lifecycle

Support status summary

Expiration date
Mainstream support April 14, 2009[4]
Extended support April 8, 2014[4]
The official exceptions ended in April 2019.
Applicable XP editions:
Home Edition, Professional Edition, Professional x64 Edition, Professional for Embedded Systems, Media Center Editions (all), Starter Edition, Tablet PC Edition and Tablet PC Edition 2005,[4] as well as Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs.[113]
Exceptions
Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Itanium edition, including Version 2003) Unsupported as of June 30, 2005[5]
Windows XP Embedded Mainstream support ended on January 11, 2011[4]
Extended support ended on January 12, 2016[4]
Windows Embedded for Point of Service Mainstream support ended on April 12, 2011[6]
Extended support ended on April 12, 2016[6]
Windows Embedded Standard 2009 Mainstream support ended on January 14, 2014
Extended support ended on January 8, 2019[7]
Windows Embedded POSReady 2009 Mainstream support ended on April 8, 2014
Extended support ended on April 9, 2019[8]

Support for the original release of Windows XP (without a service pack) ended on August 30, 2005.[4] Both Windows XP Service Pack 1 and 1a were retired on October 10, 2006,[4] and both Windows 2000 and Windows XP SP2 reached their end of support on July 13, 2010, about 24 months after the launch of Windows XP Service Pack 3.[4] The company stopped general licensing of Windows XP to OEMs and terminated retail sales of the operating system on June 30, 2008, 17 months after the release of Windows Vista.[114] However, an exception was announced on April 3, 2008, for OEMs producing what it defined as «ultra low-cost personal computers», particularly netbooks, until one year after the availability of Windows 7 on October 22, 2009. Analysts felt that the move was primarily intended to compete against Linux-based netbooks, although Microsoft’s Kevin Hutz stated that the decision was due to apparent market demand for low-end computers with Windows.[115]

Variants of Windows XP for embedded systems have different support policies: Windows XP Embedded SP3 and Windows Embedded for Point of Service SP3 were supported until January and April 2016, respectively. Windows Embedded Standard 2009, which was succeeded by Windows Embedded Standard 7, and Windows Embedded POSReady 2009, which was succeeded by Windows Embedded POSReady 7, were supported until January and April 2019, respectively.[116] These updates, while intended for the embedded editions, could also be downloaded on standard Windows XP with a registry hack, which enabled unofficial patches until April 2019. However, Microsoft advised Windows XP users against installing these fixes, citing incompatibility issues.[9][117]

End of support

On April 14, 2009, Windows XP exited mainstream support and entered the extended support phase; Microsoft continued to provide security updates every month for Windows XP, however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes were no longer being offered. Extended support ended on April 8, 2014, over 12 years after the release of Windows XP; normally Microsoft products have a support life cycle of only 10 years.[118] Beyond the final security updates released on April 8, no more security patches or support information are provided for XP free-of-charge; «critical patches» will still be created, and made available only to customers subscribing to a paid «Custom Support» plan.[119] As it is a Windows component, all versions of Internet Explorer for Windows XP also became unsupported.[120]

In January 2014, it was estimated that more than 95% of the 3 million automated teller machines in the world were still running Windows XP (which largely replaced IBM’s OS/2 as the predominant operating system on ATMs); ATMs have an average lifecycle of between seven and ten years, but some have had lifecycles as long as 15. Plans were being made by several ATM vendors and their customers to migrate to Windows 7-based systems over the course of 2014, while vendors have also considered the possibility of using Linux-based platforms in the future to give them more flexibility for support lifecycles, and the ATM Industry Association (ATMIA) has since endorsed Windows 10 as a further replacement.[121] However, ATMs typically run the embedded variant of Windows XP, which was supported through January 2016.[122] As of May 2017, around 60% of the 220,000 ATMs in India still run Windows XP.[123]

Furthermore, at least 49% of all computers in China still ran XP at the beginning of 2014. These holdouts were influenced by several factors; prices of genuine copies of later versions of Windows in the country are high, while Ni Guangnan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences warned that Windows 8 could allegedly expose users to surveillance by the United States government,[124] and the Chinese government banned the purchase of Windows 8 products for government use in May 2014 in protest of Microsoft’s inability to provide «guaranteed» support.[125] The government also had concerns that the impending end of support could affect their anti-piracy initiatives with Microsoft, as users would simply pirate newer versions rather than purchasing them legally. As such, government officials formally requested that Microsoft extend the support period for XP for these reasons. While Microsoft did not comply with their requests, a number of major Chinese software developers, such as Lenovo, Kingsoft and Tencent, will provide free support and resources for Chinese users migrating from XP.[126] Several governments, in particular those of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, elected to negotiate «Custom Support» plans with Microsoft for their continued, internal use of Windows XP; the British government’s deal lasted for a year, and also covered support for Office 2003 (which reached end-of-life the same day) and cost £5.5 million.[127]

On March 8, 2014, Microsoft deployed an update for XP that, on the 8th of each month, displays a pop-up notification to remind users about the end of support; however, these notifications may be disabled by the user.[128] Microsoft also partnered with Laplink to provide a special «express» version of its PCmover software to help users migrate files and settings from XP to a computer with a newer version of Windows.[129]

An electroencephalograph running on Windows XP. The medical industry’s continued use of Windows XP is partly due to medical applications being incompatible with later versions of Windows.

Despite the approaching end of support, there were still notable holdouts that had not migrated past XP; many users elected to remain on XP because of the poor reception of Windows Vista, sales of newer PCs with newer versions of Windows declined because of the Great Recession and the effects of Vista, and deployments of new versions of Windows in enterprise environments require a large amount of planning, which includes testing applications for compatibility (especially those that are dependent on Internet Explorer 6, which is not compatible with newer versions of Windows).[130] Major security software vendors (including Microsoft itself) planned to continue offering support and definitions for Windows XP past the end of support to varying extents, along with the developers of Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Opera web browsers;[120] despite these measures, critics similarly argued that users should eventually migrate from XP to a supported platform.[131] The United States’ Computer Emergency Readiness Team released an alert in March 2014 advising users of the impending end of support, and informing them that using XP after April 8 may prevent them from meeting US government information security requirements.[132]
Microsoft continued to provide Security Essentials virus definitions and updates for its Malicious Software Removal Tool (MSRT) for XP until July 14, 2015.[133] As the end of extended support approached, Microsoft began to increasingly urge XP customers to migrate to newer versions such as Windows 7 or 8 in the interest of security, suggesting that attackers could reverse engineer security patches for newer versions of Windows and use them to target equivalent vulnerabilities in XP.[134] Windows XP is remotely exploitable by numerous security holes that were discovered after Microsoft stopped supporting it.[135][136]

Similarly, specialized devices that run XP, particularly medical devices, must have any revisions to their software—even security updates for the underlying operating system—approved by relevant regulators before they can be released. For this reason, manufacturers often did not allow any updates to devices’ operating systems, leaving them open to security exploits and malware.[137]

Despite the end of support for Windows XP, Microsoft has released three emergency security updates for the operating system to patch major security vulnerabilities:

  • A patch released in May 2014 to address recently discovered vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer 6 through 11 on all versions of Windows.[138]
  • A patch released in May 2017 to address a vulnerability that was being leveraged by the WannaCry ransomware attack.[139]
  • A patch released in May 2019 to address a critical code execution vulnerability in Remote Desktop Services which can be exploited in a similar way as the WannaCry vulnerability.[140][141]

Researchers reported in August 2019 that Windows 10 users may be at risk for «critical» system compromise because of design flaws of hardware device drivers from multiple providers.[142] In the same month, computer experts reported that the BlueKeep security vulnerability, CVE-2019-0708, that potentially affects older unpatched Microsoft Windows versions via the program’s Remote Desktop Protocol, allowing for the possibility of remote code execution, may now include related flaws, collectively named DejaBlue, affecting newer Windows versions (i.e., Windows 7 and all recent versions) as well.[143] In addition, experts reported a Microsoft security vulnerability, CVE-2019-1162, based on legacy code involving Microsoft CTF and ctfmon (ctfmon.exe), that affects all Windows versions from the older Windows XP version to the most recent Windows 10 versions; a patch to correct the flaw is currently available.[144]

Microsoft announced in July 2019 that the Microsoft Internet Games services on Windows XP and Windows Me would end on July 31, 2019 (and for Windows 7 on January 22, 2020).[145] Others, such as Steam, had done the same, ending support for Windows XP and Windows Vista in January 2019.[146]

In 2020, Microsoft announced that it would disable the Windows Update service for SHA-1 endpoints; since Windows XP did not get an update for SHA-2, Windows Update Services are no longer available on the OS as of late July 2020.[147] However, as of October 2021, the old updates for Windows XP are still available on the Microsoft Update Catalog,[148] or through Legacy Update, a community-driven third party replacement for the Windows XP update servers.

Reception

On release, Windows XP received critical acclaim. CNET described the operating system as being «worth the hype», considering the new interface to be «spiffier» and more intuitive than previous versions, but feeling that it may «annoy» experienced users with its «hand-holding». XP’s expanded multimedia support and CD burning functionality were also noted, along with its streamlined networking tools. The performance improvements of XP in comparison to 2000 and Me were also praised, along with its increased number of built-in device drivers in comparison to 2000. The software compatibility tools were also praised, although it was noted that some programs, particularly older MS-DOS software, may not work correctly on XP because of its differing architecture. They panned Windows XP’s new licensing model and product activation system, considering it to be a «slightly annoying roadblock», but acknowledged Microsoft’s intent for the changes.[149] PC Magazine provided similar praise, although noting that a number of its online features were designed to promote Microsoft-owned services, and that aside from quicker boot times, XP’s overall performance showed little difference over Windows 2000.[150] Windows XP’s default theme, Luna, was criticized by some users for its childish look.[151][152]

Despite extended support for Windows XP ending in 2014, many users – including some enterprises – were reluctant to move away from an operating system they viewed as a stable known quantity despite the many security and functionality improvements in subsequent releases of Windows. Windows XP’s longevity was viewed as testament to its stability and Microsoft’s successful attempts to keep it up to date, but also as an indictment of its direct successor’s perceived failings.[153]

According to web analytics data generated by Net Applications, Windows XP was the most widely used operating system until August 2012, when Windows 7 overtook it (later overtaken by Windows 10),[154] while StatCounter indicates it happening almost a year earlier.[155] In January 2014, Net Applications reported a market share of 29.23%[156] of «desktop operating systems» for XP (when XP was introduced there was not a separate mobile category to track), while W3Schools reported a share of 11.0%.[157]

As of September 2022, in most regions or continents, Windows XP market share on PCs, as a fraction of the total Windows share, has gone below 1% (0.5% in Africa[158]). XP still has a double-digit market share in a few countries, such as Armenia at over 50%,[159][160][161][162] at 57%, where Windows 7 was highest ranked, and with it being replaced by Windows 10, Windows XP got highest ranked for the longest time, and had over 60% share on some weekends in the summer of 2019.[163][164]

Source code leak

On September 23, 2020, source code for Windows XP with Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003 was leaked onto the imageboard 4chan by an unknown user. Anonymous users managed to compile the code, as well as a Twitter user who posted videos of the process on YouTube proving that the code was genuine.[165] The videos were later removed on copyright grounds by Microsoft. The leak was incomplete as it was missing the Winlogon source code and some other components.[166][167] The original leak itself was spread using magnet links and torrent files whose payload originally included Server 2003 and XP source code and which was later updated with additional files, among which were previous leaks of Microsoft products, its patents, media about conspiracy theories on Bill Gates by anti-vaccination movements and an assortment of PDF files on different topics.[168]

Microsoft issued a statement stating that it was investigating the leaks.[167][169][170]

See also

  • BlueKeep (security vulnerability)
  • Comparison of operating systems
  • History of operating systems
  • List of operating systems

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Further reading

  • Joyce, Jerry; Moon, Marianne (2004). Microsoft Windows XP Plain & Simple. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-0-7356-2112-1.

External links

  • Windows XP End of Support
  • Security Update for Windows XP SP3 (KB4012598)
Источник
Windows XP

Version of the Windows NT operating system
Windows XP Logo and Wordmark.png
Windows XP Luna.png

Screenshot of Windows XP running the Luna visual style, showing the start menu, taskbar, and My Computer window
Developer Microsoft
Source model
  • Closed-source
  • Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)[1]
Released to
manufacturing		 August 24, 2001; 21 years ago[2]
General
availability		 October 25, 2001; 21 years ago[2]
Final release Service Pack 3 (5.1.2600.5512) / April 21, 2008; 14 years ago[3]
Marketing target Consumer and Business
Update method
  • Windows Update
  • Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)
  • System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM)
Platforms IA-32, x86-64, and Itanium
Kernel type Hybrid (NT)
Userland
  • Windows API
  • NTVDM (IA-32 only)
  • SFU
License Proprietary commercial software
Preceded by
  • Windows 2000 (1999)
  • Windows Me (2000)
Succeeded by Windows Vista (2007)
Official website Windows XP (archived at Wayback Machine)
Support status
All editions (except Windows XP Embedded, Windows XP 64-bit Edition, Windows Embedded for Point of Service, Windows Embedded Standard 2009, and Windows Embedded POSReady 2009):

  • Mainstream support ended on April 14, 2009.[4]
  • Extended support ended on April 8, 2014.[4]

Windows XP 64-bit Edition:

  • Unsupported as of June 30, 2005[5]

Windows XP Embedded:

  • Mainstream support ended on January 11, 2011.[4]
  • Extended support ended on January 12, 2016.[4]

Windows Embedded for Point of Service:

  • Mainstream support ended on April 12, 2011.[6]
  • Extended support ended on April 12, 2016.[6]

Windows Embedded Standard 2009:

  • Mainstream support ended on January 14, 2014.[7]
  • Extended support ended on January 8, 2019.[7]

Windows Embedded POSReady 2009:

  • Mainstream support ended on April 8, 2014.[8]
  • Extended support ended on April 9, 2019.[8]

Windows XP is a major release of Microsoft’s Windows NT operating system. It was released to manufacturing on August 24, 2001, and later to retail on October 25, 2001. It is a direct upgrade to its predecessors, Windows 2000 for high-end and business users and Windows Me for home users, and is available for any devices running Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Windows Me that meet the new Windows XP system requirements.

Development of Windows XP began in the late 1990s under the codename «Neptune», built on the Windows NT kernel and explicitly intended for mainstream consumer use. An updated version of Windows 2000 was also initially planned for the business market. However, in January 2000, both projects were scrapped in favor of a single OS codenamed «Whistler», which would serve as a single platform for both consumer and business markets. As a result, Windows XP is the first consumer edition of Windows not based on the Windows 95 kernel or MS-DOS. Windows XP removed support for PC-98, i486 and SGI Visual Workstation 320 and 540 and will only run on 32-bit x86 CPUs and devices that use BIOS firmware.

Upon its release, Windows XP received critical acclaim, noting increased performance and stability (especially compared to Windows Me), a more intuitive user interface, improved hardware support, and expanded multimedia capabilities. Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 were succeeded by Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, released in 2007 and 2008, respectively.

Mainstream support for Windows XP ended on April 14, 2009, and extended support ended on April 8, 2014. Windows Embedded POSReady 2009, based on Windows XP Professional, received security updates until April 2019. After that, unofficial methods were made available to apply the updates to other editions of Windows XP. Still, Microsoft discouraged this practice, citing compatibility issues.[9] However, over eight years from the end of life date (September 2022), the majority of PCs in some countries (such as Armenia) still appeared to be running on Windows XP.[10] As of September 2022, globally, just 0.39% of Windows PCs[11] and 0.1% of all devices across all platforms continued to run Windows XP.

Development

In the late 1990s, initial development of what would become Windows XP was focused on two individual products: «Odyssey», which was reportedly intended to succeed the future Windows 2000 and «Neptune», which was reportedly a consumer-oriented operating system using the Windows NT architecture, succeeding the MS-DOS-based Windows 98.[12]

However, the projects proved to be too ambitious. In January 2000, shortly prior to the official release of Windows 2000, technology writer Paul Thurrott reported that Microsoft had shelved both Neptune and Odyssey in favor of a new product codenamed «Whistler», named after Whistler, British Columbia, as many Microsoft employees skied at the Whistler-Blackcomb ski resort.[13] The goal of Whistler was to unify both the consumer and business-oriented Windows lines under a single, Windows NT platform. Thurrott stated that Neptune had become «a black hole when all the features that were cut from Windows Me were simply re-tagged as Neptune features. And since Neptune and Odyssey would be based on the same code-base anyway, it made sense to combine them into a single project».[14]

At PDC on July 13, 2000, Microsoft announced that Whistler would be released during the second half of 2001, and also unveiled the first preview build, 2250, which featured an early implementation of Windows XP’s visual styles system and interface changes to Windows Explorer and the Control Panel.[15]

Microsoft released the first public beta build of Whistler, build 2296, on October 31, 2000. Subsequent builds gradually introduced features that users of the release version of Windows XP would recognize, such as Internet Explorer 6.0, the Microsoft Product Activation system and the Bliss desktop background.[16]

Whistler was officially unveiled during a media event on February 5, 2001, under the name Windows XP, where XP stands for «eXPerience».[17]

Release

In June 2001, Microsoft indicated that it was planning to spend at least US$1 billion on marketing and promoting Windows XP, in conjunction with Intel and other PC makers.[18] The theme of the campaign, «Yes You Can», was designed to emphasize the platform’s overall capabilities. Microsoft had originally planned to use the slogan «Prepare to Fly», but it was replaced because of sensitivity issues in the wake of the September 11 attacks.[19]

On August 24, 2001, Windows XP build 2600 was released to manufacturing (RTM). During a ceremonial media event at Microsoft Redmond Campus, copies of the RTM build were given to representatives of several major PC manufacturers in briefcases, who then flew off on decorated helicopters. While PC manufacturers would be able to release devices running XP beginning on September 24, 2001, XP was expected to reach general, retail availability on October 25, 2001. On the same day, Microsoft also announced the final retail pricing of XP’s two main editions, «Home» (as a replacement for Windows Me for home computing) and «Professional» (as a replacement for Windows 2000 for high-end users).[20]

New and updated features

User interface

While retaining some similarities to previous versions, Windows XP’s interface was overhauled with a new visual appearance, with an increased use of alpha compositing effects, drop shadows, and «visual styles», which completely changed the appearance of the operating system. The number of effects enabled are determined by the operating system based on the computer’s processing power, and can be enabled or disabled on a case-by-case basis. XP also added ClearType, a new subpixel rendering system designed to improve the appearance of fonts on liquid-crystal displays.[21] A new set of system icons was also introduced.[22] The default wallpaper, Bliss, is a photo of a landscape in the Napa Valley outside Napa, California, with rolling green hills and a blue sky with stratocumulus and cirrus clouds.[23]

The Start menu received its first major overhaul in XP, switching to a two-column layout with the ability to list, pin, and display frequently used applications, recently opened documents, and the traditional cascading «All Programs» menu. The taskbar can now group windows opened by a single application into one taskbar button, with a popup menu listing the individual windows. The notification area also hides «inactive» icons by default. A «common tasks» list was added, and Windows Explorer’s sidebar was updated to use a new task-based design with lists of common actions; the tasks displayed are contextually relevant to the type of content in a folder (e.g. a folder with music displays offers to play all the files in the folder, or burn them to a CD).[24]

The «task grouping» feature introduced in Windows XP showing both grouped and individual items

Fast user switching allows additional users to log into a Windows XP machine without existing users having to close their programs and log out. Although only one user at the time can use the console (i.e. monitor, keyboard, and mouse), previous users can resume their session once they regain control of the console.[25] Service Pack 2 and Service Pack 3 also introduced new features to Windows XP post-release, including the Windows Security Center, Bluetooth support, the executable space protection, Windows Firewall, and support for SDHC cards that are larger than 4 GB and smaller than 32 GB.[26][27][28][29]

Infrastructure

Windows XP uses prefetching to improve startup and application launch times.[30] It also became possible to revert the installation of an updated device driver, should the updated driver produce undesirable results.[31]

A copy protection system known as Windows Product Activation was introduced with Windows XP and its server counterpart, Windows Server 2003. All Windows licenses must be tied to a unique ID generated using information from the computer hardware, transmitted either via the internet or a telephone hotline. If Windows is not activated within 30 days of installation, the OS will cease to function until it is activated. Windows also periodically verifies the hardware to check for changes. If significant hardware changes are detected, the activation is voided, and Windows must be re-activated.[32]

Networking and internet functionality

Windows XP was originally bundled with Internet Explorer 6, Outlook Express 6, Windows Messenger, and MSN Explorer. New networking features were also added, including Internet Connection Firewall, Internet Connection Sharing integration with UPnP, NAT traversal APIs, Quality of Service features, IPv6 and Teredo tunneling, Background Intelligent Transfer Service, extended fax features, network bridging, peer to peer networking, support for most DSL modems, IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) connections with auto configuration and roaming, TAPI 3.1, and networking over FireWire.[33] Remote Assistance and Remote Desktop were also added, which allow users to connect to a computer running Windows XP from across a network or the Internet and access their applications, files, printers, and devices or request help.[34] Improvements were also made to IntelliMirror features such as Offline Files, Roaming user profiles and Folder redirection.[35]

Backwards compatibility

To enable running software that targets or locks out specific versions of Windows, «Compatibility mode» was added. The feature allows pretending a selected earlier version of Windows to software, starting at Windows 95.[36]

While this ability was first introduced in Windows 2000 Service Pack 2, it had to be activated through the «register server» and was only available to administrator users, whereas Windows XP has it activated out of the box and also grants it to regular users.[37]

Other features

  • Improved application compatibility and shims compared to Windows 2000.[38]
  • DirectX 8.1, upgradeable to DirectX 9.0c.[39]
  • A number of new features in Windows Explorer including task panes, thumbnails, and the option to view photos as a slideshow.[40]
  • Improved imaging features such as Windows Picture and Fax Viewer.[41]
  • Faster start-up, (because of improved Prefetch functions) logon, logoff, hibernation, and application launch sequences.[30]
  • Numerous improvements to increase the system reliability such as improved System Restore,[42] Automated System Recovery,[43] and driver reliability improvements through Device Driver Rollback.[44]
  • Hardware support improvements such as FireWire 800,[45] and improvements to multi-monitor support under the name «DualView».[46]
  • Fast user switching.[47]
  • The ClearType font rendering mechanism, which is designed to improve text readability on liquid-crystal display (LCD) and similar monitors, especially laptops.[21]
  • Side-by-side assemblies[48] and registration-free COM.[49]
  • General improvements to international support such as more locales, languages and scripts, MUI support in Terminal Services, improved Input Method Editors, and National Language Support.[50]

Removed features

Some of the programs and features that were part of the previous versions of Windows did not make it to Windows XP. Various MS-DOS commands available in its Windows 9x predecessor were removed,[51] as were the POSIX and OS/2 subsystems.[52]

In networking, NetBEUI, NWLink and NetDDE were deprecated and not installed by default.[53] Plug-and-play–incompatible communication devices (like modems and network interface cards) were no longer supported.[54]

Service Pack 2 and Service Pack 3 also removed features from Windows XP, including support for TCP half-open connections[55] and the address bar on the taskbar.[56]

Editions

Diagram representing the main editions of Windows XP. It is based on the category of the edition (grey) and codebase (black arrow).

Windows XP was released in two major editions on launch: Home Edition and Professional Edition. Both editions were made available at retail as pre-loaded software on new computers and as boxed copies. Boxed copies were sold as «Upgrade» or «Full» licenses; the «Upgrade» versions were slightly cheaper, but require an existing version of Windows to install. The «Full» version can be installed on systems without an operating system or existing version of Windows.[18] The two editions of XP were aimed at different markets: Home Edition is explicitly intended for consumer use and disables or removes certain advanced and enterprise-oriented features present on Professional, such as the ability to join a Windows domain, Internet Information Services, and Multilingual User Interface. Windows 98 or Me can be upgraded to either edition, but Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 can only be upgraded to Professional.[57] Windows’ software license agreement for pre-loaded licenses allows the software to be «returned» to the OEM for a refund if the user does not wish to use it.[58] Despite the refusal of some manufacturers to honor the entitlement, it has been enforced by courts in some countries.[59]

Two specialized variants of XP were introduced in 2002 for certain types of hardware, exclusively through OEM channels as pre-loaded software. Windows XP Media Center Edition was initially designed for high-end home theater PCs with TV tuners (marketed under the term «Media Center PC»), offering expanded multimedia functionality, an electronic program guide, and digital video recorder (DVR) support through the Windows Media Center application.[60] Microsoft also unveiled Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, which contains additional pen input features, and is optimized for mobile devices meeting its Tablet PC specifications.[61] Two different 64-bit editions of XP were made available. The first, Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, was intended for IA-64 (Itanium) systems; as IA-64 usage declined on workstations in favor of AMD’s x86-64 architecture, the Itanium edition was discontinued in January 2005.[62] A new 64-bit edition supporting the x86-64 architecture, called Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, was released in April of the same year.[63]

Microsoft also targeted emerging markets with the 2004 introduction of Windows XP Starter Edition, a special variant of Home Edition intended for low-cost PCs. The OS is primarily aimed at first-time computer owners, containing heavy localization (including wallpapers and screen savers incorporating images of local landmarks), and a «My Support» area which contains video tutorials on basic computing tasks. It also removes certain «complex» features, and does not allow users to run more than three applications at a time. After a pilot program in India and Thailand, Starter was released in other emerging markets throughout 2005.[64] In 2006, Microsoft also unveiled the FlexGo initiative, which would also target emerging markets with subsidized PCs on a pre-paid, subscription basis.[65]

As a result of unfair competition lawsuits in Europe and South Korea, which both alleged that Microsoft had improperly leveraged its status in the PC market to favor its own bundled software, Microsoft was ordered to release special editions of XP in these markets that excluded certain applications. In March 2004, after the European Commission fined Microsoft €497 million (US$603 million), Microsoft was ordered to release «N» editions of XP that excluded Windows Media Player, encouraging users to pick and download their own media player software.[66] As it was sold at the same price as the edition with Windows Media Player included, certain OEMs (such as Dell, who offered it for a short period, along with Hewlett-Packard, Lenovo and Fujitsu Siemens) chose not to offer it. Consumer interest was minuscule, with roughly 1,500 units shipped to OEMs, and no reported sales to consumers.[67] In December 2005, the Korean Fair Trade Commission ordered Microsoft to make available editions of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 that do not contain Windows Media Player or Windows Messenger.[68] The «K» and «KN» editions of Windows XP were released in August 2006, and are only available in English and Korean, and also contain links to third-party instant messenger and media player software.[69]

Service packs

A service pack is a cumulative update package that is a superset of all updates, and even service packs, that have been released before it.[70] Three service packs have been released for Windows XP. Service Pack 3 is slightly different, in that it needs at least Service Pack 1 to have been installed, in order to update a live OS.[71] However, Service Pack 3 can still be embedded into a Windows installation disc; SP1 is not reported as a prerequisite for doing so.[72]

The unique boot screens from the RTM to Service Pack 1 versions of Windows XP that identified the edition of Windows XP currently running, including a green progress bar for Home Edition and a blue progress bar for Professional, Embedded, Tablet PC Edition, and Media Center Edition were removed in Service Pack 2 of Windows XP and was replaced with a generic «Windows XP» boot screen with a blue progress bar.

Service Pack 1

Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Windows XP was released on September 9, 2002. It contained over 300 minor, post-RTM bug fixes, along with all security patches released since the original release of XP. SP1 also added USB 2.0 support, the Microsoft Java Virtual Machine, .NET Framework support, and support for technologies used by the then-upcoming Media Center and Tablet PC editions of XP.[73] The most significant change on SP1 was the addition of Set Program Access and Defaults, a settings page which allows programs to be set as default for certain types of activities (such as media players or web browsers) and for access to bundled, Microsoft programs (such as Internet Explorer or Windows Media Player) to be disabled. This feature was added to comply with the settlement of United States v. Microsoft Corp., which required Microsoft to offer the ability for OEMs to bundle third-party competitors to software it bundles with Windows (such as Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player), and give them the same level of prominence as those normally bundled with the OS.[74]

On February 3, 2003, Microsoft released Service Pack 1a (SP1a). It was the same as SP1, except, the Microsoft Java Virtual Machine was excluded.[75]

Service Pack 2

Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Windows XP Home edition and Professional edition was released on August 25, 2004.[76] Headline features included WPA encryption compatibility for Wi-Fi and usability improvements to the Wi-Fi networking user interface,[77] partial Bluetooth support,[78] and various improvements to security systems.

Headed by former computer hacker Window Snyder,[79][80] the service pack’s security improvements (codenamed «Springboard»,[81] as these features were intended to underpin additional changes in Longhorn) included a major revision to the included firewall (renamed Windows Firewall, and now enabled by default), and an update to Data Execution Prevention, which gained hardware support in the NX bit that can stop some forms of buffer overflow attacks. Raw socket support is removed (which supposedly limits the damage done by zombie machines) and the Windows Messenger service (which had been abused to cause pop-up advertisements to be displayed as system messages without a web browser or any additional software) became disabled by default. Additionally, security-related improvements were made to e-mail and web browsing. Service Pack 2 also added Security Center, an interface that provides a general overview of the system’s security status, including the state of the firewall and automatic updates. Third-party firewall and antivirus software can also be monitored from Security Center.[82]

In August 2006, Microsoft released updated installation media for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 SP2 (SP2b), in order to incorporate a patch requiring ActiveX controls in Internet Explorer to be manually activated before a user may interact with them. This was done so that the browser would not violate a patent owned by Eolas.[83] Microsoft has since licensed the patent, and released a patch reverting the change in April 2008.[84] In September 2007, another minor revision known as SP2c was released for XP Professional, extending the number of available product keys for the operating system to «support the continued availability of Windows XP Professional through the scheduled system builder channel end-of-life (EOL) date of January 31, 2009.»[85]

Windows XP Service Pack 2 was later included in Windows Embedded for Point of Service and Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs.

Service Pack 3

The third and final Service Pack, SP3, was released through different channels between April[3] and June 2008,[86] about a year after the release of Windows Vista, and about a year before the release of Windows 7. Service Pack 3 was not available for Windows XP x64 Edition, which was based on the Windows Server 2003 kernel and, as a result, used its service packs[87] rather than the ones for the other editions.[88]

It began being automatically pushed out to Automatic Updates users on July 10, 2008.[89] A feature set overview which detailed new features available separately as stand-alone updates to Windows XP, as well as backported features from Windows Vista, was posted by Microsoft.[90] A total of 1,174 fixes are included in SP3.[91] Service Pack 3 could be installed on systems with Internet Explorer up to and including version 8; Internet Explorer 7 was not included as part of SP3.[92] It also did not include Internet Explorer 8, but instead was included in Windows 7, which was released one year after XP SP3.

Service Pack 3 included security enhancements over and above those of SP2, including APIs allowing developers to enable Data Execution Prevention for their code, independent of system-wide compatibility enforcement settings,[93] the Security Support Provider Interface,[94] improvements to WPA2 security,[95] and an updated version of the Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider Module that is FIPS 140-2 certified.[96]

In incorporating all previously released updates not included in SP2, Service Pack 3 included many other key features. Windows Imaging Component allowed camera vendors to integrate their own proprietary image codecs with the operating system’s features, such as thumbnails and slideshows.[97] In enterprise features, Remote Desktop Protocol 6.1 included support for ClearType and 32-bit color depth over RDP,[98] while improvements made to Windows Management Instrumentation in Windows Vista to reduce the possibility of corruption of the WMI repository were backported to XP SP3.[99]

In addition, SP3 contains updates to the operating system components of Windows XP Media Center Edition (MCE) and Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, and security updates for .NET Framework version 1.0, which is included in these editions. However, it does not include update rollups for the Windows Media Center application in Windows XP MCE 2005.[100] SP3 also omits security updates for Windows Media Player 10, although the player is included in Windows XP MCE 2005.[100] The Address Bar DeskBand on the Taskbar is no longer included because of antitrust violation concerns.[101]

Unofficial SP3 ZIP download packages were released on a now-defunct website called The Hotfix from 2005 to 2007.[102][103] The owner of the website, Ethan C. Allen, was a former Microsoft employee in Software Quality Assurance and would comb through the Microsoft Knowledge Base articles daily and download new hotfixes Microsoft would put online within the articles. The articles would have a «kbwinxppresp3fix» and/or «kbwinxpsp3fix» tag, thus allowing Allen to easily find and determine which fixes were planned for the official SP3 release to come. Microsoft publicly stated at the time that the SP3 pack was unofficial and advised users to not install it.[104][105] Allen also released a Vista SP1 package in 2007, for which Allen received a cease-and-desist email from Microsoft.[106]

Windows XP Service Pack 3 was later included in Windows Embedded Standard 2009 and Windows Embedded POSReady 2009.

System requirements

System requirements for Windows XP are as follows:

System requirements

Minimum Recommended
Home/Professional Edition[A]
CPU
  • Pentium or compatible, 233 MHz[B][C]
  • BIOS or compatible firmware[D]
  • Pentium or compatible, 300 MHz
  • BIOS or compatible firmware[D]
Memory 64 MB[E][F] 128 MB
Free space
  • 1.5 GB
  • Master boot record used[D]
  • +661 MB for Service Pack 1 and 1a[G]
  • +1.8 GB for Service Pack 2[H]
  • +900 MB for Service Pack 3[I]
Media CD-ROM drive or compatible
Display Super VGA (800 × 600)
Sound hardware N/A Sound card plus speakers/headphones
Input device(s) Keyboard, mouse
Professional x64 Edition[J]
CPU
  • x86-64 or compatible
  • BIOS or compatible firmware[D]
Memory 256 MB
Free space
  • 1.5 GB
  • Master boot record used[D]
Media CD-ROM drive or compatible
Display Super VGA (800 × 600)
Sound hardware N/A Sound card plus speakers/headphones
Input device(s) Keyboard, mouse
64-Bit Edition[K]
CPU Itanium 733 MHz Itanium 800 MHz
Memory 1 GB
Free space 6 GB
Media CD-ROM drive or compatible
Display Super VGA (800 × 600)
Input device(s) Keyboard, mouse

Notes

  1. ^ «System requirements for Windows XP operating systems». April 28, 2005. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2007.
  2. ^ Even though this is Microsoft’s stated minimum processor speed for Windows XP, it is possible to install and run the operating system on early IA-32 processors such as a P5 Pentium without MMX instructions. Windows XP is not compatible with processors older than Pentium (such as 486) or the Cyrix 6×86 because it requires CMPXCHG8B (see Pentium F00F bug) instructions.
  3. ^ «Windows XP Minimal Requirement Test». Winhistory.de. September 9, 2011. Archived from the original on December 21, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d e «Windows XP: Required firmware and partition mapping scheme of hard disk drive». Support.microsoft.com. June 26, 2013. Archived from the original on April 27, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  5. ^ A Microsoft TechNet paper from Summer 2001 (before Windows XP’s actual release), states that: «A computer with 64 MB of RAM will have sufficient resources to run Windows XP and a few applications with moderate memory requirements.» (Emphasis added.) These were said to be office productivity applications, e-mail programs, and web browsers (of the time). With such a configuration, user interface enhancements and fast user switching are turned off by default. For comparable workloads, 64 MB of RAM was then regarded as providing an equal or better user experience on Windows XP with similar settings than it would with Windows Me on the same hardware. In a later section of the paper, superior performance over Windows Me was noted with 128 MB of RAM or more, and with computers that exceed the minimum hardware requirements.
  6. ^ Sechrest, Stuart; Fortin, Michael (June 1, 2001). «Windows XP Performance». Microsoft TechNet. Archived from the original on July 27, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
  7. ^ «Hard disk space requirements for Windows XP Service Pack 1». Microsoft. October 29, 2007. Archived from the original on April 21, 2012. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
  8. ^ «The hard disk space requirements for Windows XP Service Pack 2». Microsoft. April 18, 2005. Archived from the original on November 24, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  9. ^ «Windows XP – End of Support, Migration Guide, Download – TechNet». technet.microsoft.com. 2007. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008.
  10. ^ «Windows XP Professional x64 Edition SP2 VL EN (MSDN-TechNet)». Programmer Stuffs. March 23, 2011. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
  11. ^ «Microsoft Windows XP 64-Bit Edition». Microsoft TechNet. Microsoft. August 15, 2001. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2012.

Physical memory limits

The maximum amount of RAM that Windows XP can support varies depending on the product edition and the processor architecture. All 32-bit editions of XP support up to 4 GB, except the Windows XP Starter edition, which supports up to 512 MB of RAM.[107] 64-bit editions support up to 128 GB.[108]

Processor limits

Windows XP Professional supports up to two physical processors;[109]
Windows XP Home Edition supports only one.[110]

However, XP supports a greater number of logical processors:
32-bit editions support up to 32 logical processors,[111] and 64-bit editions support up to 64 logical processors.[112]

Upgradeability

Several Windows XP components are upgradable to the latest versions, which include new versions introduced in later versions of Windows, and other major Microsoft applications are available. These latest versions for Windows XP include:

  • ActiveSync 4.5
  • DirectX 9.0c (June 7, 2010, Redistributable)
  • Internet Explorer 8 on Windows XP Service Packs 2 and 3 (Internet Explorer 6 SP1 and Outlook Express 6 SP1 on Windows XP before SP2.)
  • Windows Media Format Runtime and Windows Media Player 11 on Windows XP Service Packs 2 and 3 (and Windows Media Player 10 on Windows XP original release.)
  • Microsoft Virtual PC 2004 and 2007
  • .NET Framework up to and including version 4.0 (4.5 and higher versions are not supported.)
  • Visual Studio 2005 on Windows XP versions below SP2, Visual Studio 2008 on Windows XP SP2 and Visual Studio 2010 on Windows XP SP3
  • Windows Script Host 5.7
  • Windows Installer 4.5
  • Microsoft NetMeeting 3.02
  • Office 2010 was the last version of Microsoft Office to be compatible with Windows XP.
  • The Windows Services for UNIX subsystem can be installed to allow certain Unix-based applications to run on the operating system.

Support lifecycle

Support status summary

Expiration date
Mainstream support April 14, 2009[4]
Extended support April 8, 2014[4]
The official exceptions ended in April 2019.
Applicable XP editions:
Home Edition, Professional Edition, Professional x64 Edition, Professional for Embedded Systems, Media Center Editions (all), Starter Edition, Tablet PC Edition and Tablet PC Edition 2005,[4] as well as Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs.[113]
Exceptions
Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (Itanium edition, including Version 2003) Unsupported as of June 30, 2005[5]
Windows XP Embedded Mainstream support ended on January 11, 2011[4]
Extended support ended on January 12, 2016[4]
Windows Embedded for Point of Service Mainstream support ended on April 12, 2011[6]
Extended support ended on April 12, 2016[6]
Windows Embedded Standard 2009 Mainstream support ended on January 14, 2014
Extended support ended on January 8, 2019[7]
Windows Embedded POSReady 2009 Mainstream support ended on April 8, 2014
Extended support ended on April 9, 2019[8]

Support for the original release of Windows XP (without a service pack) ended on August 30, 2005.[4] Both Windows XP Service Pack 1 and 1a were retired on October 10, 2006,[4] and both Windows 2000 and Windows XP SP2 reached their end of support on July 13, 2010, about 24 months after the launch of Windows XP Service Pack 3.[4] The company stopped general licensing of Windows XP to OEMs and terminated retail sales of the operating system on June 30, 2008, 17 months after the release of Windows Vista.[114] However, an exception was announced on April 3, 2008, for OEMs producing what it defined as «ultra low-cost personal computers», particularly netbooks, until one year after the availability of Windows 7 on October 22, 2009. Analysts felt that the move was primarily intended to compete against Linux-based netbooks, although Microsoft’s Kevin Hutz stated that the decision was due to apparent market demand for low-end computers with Windows.[115]

Variants of Windows XP for embedded systems have different support policies: Windows XP Embedded SP3 and Windows Embedded for Point of Service SP3 were supported until January and April 2016, respectively. Windows Embedded Standard 2009, which was succeeded by Windows Embedded Standard 7, and Windows Embedded POSReady 2009, which was succeeded by Windows Embedded POSReady 7, were supported until January and April 2019, respectively.[116] These updates, while intended for the embedded editions, could also be downloaded on standard Windows XP with a registry hack, which enabled unofficial patches until April 2019. However, Microsoft advised Windows XP users against installing these fixes, citing incompatibility issues.[9][117]

End of support

On April 14, 2009, Windows XP exited mainstream support and entered the extended support phase; Microsoft continued to provide security updates every month for Windows XP, however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes were no longer being offered. Extended support ended on April 8, 2014, over 12 years after the release of Windows XP; normally Microsoft products have a support life cycle of only 10 years.[118] Beyond the final security updates released on April 8, no more security patches or support information are provided for XP free-of-charge; «critical patches» will still be created, and made available only to customers subscribing to a paid «Custom Support» plan.[119] As it is a Windows component, all versions of Internet Explorer for Windows XP also became unsupported.[120]

In January 2014, it was estimated that more than 95% of the 3 million automated teller machines in the world were still running Windows XP (which largely replaced IBM’s OS/2 as the predominant operating system on ATMs); ATMs have an average lifecycle of between seven and ten years, but some have had lifecycles as long as 15. Plans were being made by several ATM vendors and their customers to migrate to Windows 7-based systems over the course of 2014, while vendors have also considered the possibility of using Linux-based platforms in the future to give them more flexibility for support lifecycles, and the ATM Industry Association (ATMIA) has since endorsed Windows 10 as a further replacement.[121] However, ATMs typically run the embedded variant of Windows XP, which was supported through January 2016.[122] As of May 2017, around 60% of the 220,000 ATMs in India still run Windows XP.[123]

Furthermore, at least 49% of all computers in China still ran XP at the beginning of 2014. These holdouts were influenced by several factors; prices of genuine copies of later versions of Windows in the country are high, while Ni Guangnan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences warned that Windows 8 could allegedly expose users to surveillance by the United States government,[124] and the Chinese government banned the purchase of Windows 8 products for government use in May 2014 in protest of Microsoft’s inability to provide «guaranteed» support.[125] The government also had concerns that the impending end of support could affect their anti-piracy initiatives with Microsoft, as users would simply pirate newer versions rather than purchasing them legally. As such, government officials formally requested that Microsoft extend the support period for XP for these reasons. While Microsoft did not comply with their requests, a number of major Chinese software developers, such as Lenovo, Kingsoft and Tencent, will provide free support and resources for Chinese users migrating from XP.[126] Several governments, in particular those of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, elected to negotiate «Custom Support» plans with Microsoft for their continued, internal use of Windows XP; the British government’s deal lasted for a year, and also covered support for Office 2003 (which reached end-of-life the same day) and cost £5.5 million.[127]

On March 8, 2014, Microsoft deployed an update for XP that, on the 8th of each month, displays a pop-up notification to remind users about the end of support; however, these notifications may be disabled by the user.[128] Microsoft also partnered with Laplink to provide a special «express» version of its PCmover software to help users migrate files and settings from XP to a computer with a newer version of Windows.[129]

An electroencephalograph running on Windows XP. The medical industry’s continued use of Windows XP is partly due to medical applications being incompatible with later versions of Windows.

Despite the approaching end of support, there were still notable holdouts that had not migrated past XP; many users elected to remain on XP because of the poor reception of Windows Vista, sales of newer PCs with newer versions of Windows declined because of the Great Recession and the effects of Vista, and deployments of new versions of Windows in enterprise environments require a large amount of planning, which includes testing applications for compatibility (especially those that are dependent on Internet Explorer 6, which is not compatible with newer versions of Windows).[130] Major security software vendors (including Microsoft itself) planned to continue offering support and definitions for Windows XP past the end of support to varying extents, along with the developers of Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Opera web browsers;[120] despite these measures, critics similarly argued that users should eventually migrate from XP to a supported platform.[131] The United States’ Computer Emergency Readiness Team released an alert in March 2014 advising users of the impending end of support, and informing them that using XP after April 8 may prevent them from meeting US government information security requirements.[132]
Microsoft continued to provide Security Essentials virus definitions and updates for its Malicious Software Removal Tool (MSRT) for XP until July 14, 2015.[133] As the end of extended support approached, Microsoft began to increasingly urge XP customers to migrate to newer versions such as Windows 7 or 8 in the interest of security, suggesting that attackers could reverse engineer security patches for newer versions of Windows and use them to target equivalent vulnerabilities in XP.[134] Windows XP is remotely exploitable by numerous security holes that were discovered after Microsoft stopped supporting it.[135][136]

Similarly, specialized devices that run XP, particularly medical devices, must have any revisions to their software—even security updates for the underlying operating system—approved by relevant regulators before they can be released. For this reason, manufacturers often did not allow any updates to devices’ operating systems, leaving them open to security exploits and malware.[137]

Despite the end of support for Windows XP, Microsoft has released three emergency security updates for the operating system to patch major security vulnerabilities:

  • A patch released in May 2014 to address recently discovered vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer 6 through 11 on all versions of Windows.[138]
  • A patch released in May 2017 to address a vulnerability that was being leveraged by the WannaCry ransomware attack.[139]
  • A patch released in May 2019 to address a critical code execution vulnerability in Remote Desktop Services which can be exploited in a similar way as the WannaCry vulnerability.[140][141]

Researchers reported in August 2019 that Windows 10 users may be at risk for «critical» system compromise because of design flaws of hardware device drivers from multiple providers.[142] In the same month, computer experts reported that the BlueKeep security vulnerability, CVE-2019-0708, that potentially affects older unpatched Microsoft Windows versions via the program’s Remote Desktop Protocol, allowing for the possibility of remote code execution, may now include related flaws, collectively named DejaBlue, affecting newer Windows versions (i.e., Windows 7 and all recent versions) as well.[143] In addition, experts reported a Microsoft security vulnerability, CVE-2019-1162, based on legacy code involving Microsoft CTF and ctfmon (ctfmon.exe), that affects all Windows versions from the older Windows XP version to the most recent Windows 10 versions; a patch to correct the flaw is currently available.[144]

Microsoft announced in July 2019 that the Microsoft Internet Games services on Windows XP and Windows Me would end on July 31, 2019 (and for Windows 7 on January 22, 2020).[145] Others, such as Steam, had done the same, ending support for Windows XP and Windows Vista in January 2019.[146]

In 2020, Microsoft announced that it would disable the Windows Update service for SHA-1 endpoints; since Windows XP did not get an update for SHA-2, Windows Update Services are no longer available on the OS as of late July 2020.[147] However, as of October 2021, the old updates for Windows XP are still available on the Microsoft Update Catalog,[148] or through Legacy Update, a community-driven third party replacement for the Windows XP update servers.

Reception

On release, Windows XP received critical acclaim. CNET described the operating system as being «worth the hype», considering the new interface to be «spiffier» and more intuitive than previous versions, but feeling that it may «annoy» experienced users with its «hand-holding». XP’s expanded multimedia support and CD burning functionality were also noted, along with its streamlined networking tools. The performance improvements of XP in comparison to 2000 and Me were also praised, along with its increased number of built-in device drivers in comparison to 2000. The software compatibility tools were also praised, although it was noted that some programs, particularly older MS-DOS software, may not work correctly on XP because of its differing architecture. They panned Windows XP’s new licensing model and product activation system, considering it to be a «slightly annoying roadblock», but acknowledged Microsoft’s intent for the changes.[149] PC Magazine provided similar praise, although noting that a number of its online features were designed to promote Microsoft-owned services, and that aside from quicker boot times, XP’s overall performance showed little difference over Windows 2000.[150] Windows XP’s default theme, Luna, was criticized by some users for its childish look.[151][152]

Despite extended support for Windows XP ending in 2014, many users – including some enterprises – were reluctant to move away from an operating system they viewed as a stable known quantity despite the many security and functionality improvements in subsequent releases of Windows. Windows XP’s longevity was viewed as testament to its stability and Microsoft’s successful attempts to keep it up to date, but also as an indictment of its direct successor’s perceived failings.[153]

According to web analytics data generated by Net Applications, Windows XP was the most widely used operating system until August 2012, when Windows 7 overtook it (later overtaken by Windows 10),[154] while StatCounter indicates it happening almost a year earlier.[155] In January 2014, Net Applications reported a market share of 29.23%[156] of «desktop operating systems» for XP (when XP was introduced there was not a separate mobile category to track), while W3Schools reported a share of 11.0%.[157]

As of September 2022, in most regions or continents, Windows XP market share on PCs, as a fraction of the total Windows share, has gone below 1% (0.5% in Africa[158]). XP still has a double-digit market share in a few countries, such as Armenia at over 50%,[159][160][161][162] at 57%, where Windows 7 was highest ranked, and with it being replaced by Windows 10, Windows XP got highest ranked for the longest time, and had over 60% share on some weekends in the summer of 2019.[163][164]

Source code leak

On September 23, 2020, source code for Windows XP with Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003 was leaked onto the imageboard 4chan by an unknown user. Anonymous users managed to compile the code, as well as a Twitter user who posted videos of the process on YouTube proving that the code was genuine.[165] The videos were later removed on copyright grounds by Microsoft. The leak was incomplete as it was missing the Winlogon source code and some other components.[166][167] The original leak itself was spread using magnet links and torrent files whose payload originally included Server 2003 and XP source code and which was later updated with additional files, among which were previous leaks of Microsoft products, its patents, media about conspiracy theories on Bill Gates by anti-vaccination movements and an assortment of PDF files on different topics.[168]

Microsoft issued a statement stating that it was investigating the leaks.[167][169][170]

See also

  • BlueKeep (security vulnerability)
  • Comparison of operating systems
  • History of operating systems
  • List of operating systems

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Further reading

  • Joyce, Jerry; Moon, Marianne (2004). Microsoft Windows XP Plain & Simple. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-0-7356-2112-1.

External links

  • Windows XP End of Support
  • Security Update for Windows XP SP3 (KB4012598)
Источник

Сколько стоит ПО Windows в России и за границей

Автор: Роман Зорин. Официальный дилер в Северо-Западном регионе: Suzuki, Yamaha, Mercury, Husqvarna, Stihl. Дата: 29 августа 2019. Время чтения 6 мин.

Рынок программного обеспечения делится на 2 категории: белый и серый. Официальные продавцы реализуют Windows 10 по цене 7 350–17 365 руб. Разница зависит от системных требований ПК. Те, кому официальная сумма кажется неподъёмной, покупают пиратскую копию стоимостью 300–600 руб. вместе с установкой. Продвинутые пользователи бесплатно скачивают взломанную Виндовс с интернета. В США и Европе на последнюю версию ОС установлены фиксированные суммы ‒ от $ 119 до € 130.

С 20 ноября 1985 года компьютеры стали оснащаться операционной системой Windows. Данное ПО изобрела компания Microsoft, возглавляемая Биллом Гейтсом. Как и любой правообладатель, американский разработчик желает зарабатывать на своих идеях. Стоимость Виндовс не является заоблачной, и купить оригинальную версию программы может большинство пользователей. Но не все готовы расставаться со своими «кровными», и самые предприимчивые бесплатно скачивают с интернета взломанную версию ПО. Более того, некоторые сисадмины зарабатывают на этом, устанавливая «пиратку» клиентам.

Отчего зависит цена Windows

IT-индустрия – это бизнес, основанный на законах купли и продажи. На вырученные деньги компания Microsoft содержит штат работников, которым выплачивает высокую зарплату, и продолжает разработки нового ПО.

Одни компьютеры предназначены для домашних развлечений, другие ‒ для сложных расчётов, третьи – для офисной работы. Учитывая такое разделение, компания Майкрософт разработала несколько операционных систем с различными требованиями. Версии последних изданий Виндовс представлены так:

  • домашняя (Home). Предназначена для личных компьютеров без дополнительных опций версии Pro. Имеет несколько подкатегорий;
  • профессиональная (Pro). Обладает функциями версии (Home) и присоединения к домену, использования групповых политик и подключения к компьютеру через удаленный рабочий стол;
  • корпоративная (Enterprise). Ограничена часть функций домашней версии. Но включены все дополнительные параметры версии Pro + DirectAccess, AppLocker;
  • «S». Ограниченная ОС, предусмотренная для недорогих ноутбуков и планшетов. Не поддерживает стандартную установку приложений — возможна только из магазина Windows.

Разновидности стали появляться после выхода Windows XP (2000-2010) и присутствуют в изданиях операционных систем: Vista/7/8/8.1/10. Стоимость каждой редакции зависит от её функциональности. Цена электронных и коробочных версий немного отличается, виртуальный продукт стоит меньше.

Программисты Microsoft

Фото: Программисты Microsoft. Источник: newhorizons.com

Лицензионная ОС

Купить оригинальную версию Виндовс в России можно. Среди отечественных компаний есть благонадёжные продавцы, ратующие за чистоту интеллектуальной собственности. Иногда можно попасть в момент хороших скидок и распродаж, что поможет сэкономить.

Таблица 1. Цена лицензионной операционной системы Microsoft Windows 10 (08.2019 г.)

Версия Цена, руб. Цена со скидкой, руб.
Professional 64Bit Russian 1pk DSP OEI DVD 10 000 9 250
Professional 32-bit/64-bit All Languages PK Licence Online Download NR 14 890 12 720
Professional for Workstations 64Bit Russian 1pk DVD 17 364 –
Home 32-bit/64-bit Russian Russia Only USB 9 290 7 999
Home 64Bit Russian 1pk DSP OEI DVD 8 600 7 680
Home Win32 Russian 1pk DSP OEI DVD 8 990 7 346

Источник: Софт Групп, г. Москва

Если в описании ОС присутствует надпись «Online Download», значит, это электронная версия, которая закачивается в течение 15–20 минут. Коробочные «лицензии» высылаются Почтой РФ, а в столице доставка осуществляется курьером. После установки ОС ключ из 25 символов (цифры + буквы) приходит на адрес электронной почты.

Фирменный магазин Microsoft

Фото: Фирменный магазин Microsoft. Источник: windows.com

Нелицензионная ОС

Согласно антирейтингу государств, использующих пиратское программное обеспечение, на начало 2018 года Россия занимала 48 место (источник: nonews.co). Лидирует Ливия, а самая порядочная страна – Америка, замыкающая список из 111 стран. По оценкам того же издания, ежегодный оборот пиратского ПО в РФ составляет $ 1,3 млрд. Если российские госкорпорации готовы тратиться на дорогие оригинальные ОС, то весь частный сектор предпочитает «хакнутые» (взломанные) Windows, которые можно бесплатно скачать с интернета или установить за небольшую сумму у частного сисадмина.

Таблица 2. Цена на установку пиратской Виндовс в России, Windows 7-10, Vista, XP

Город Цена, руб.
Воронеж 490
Новосибирск 500
Благовещенск 300
Челябинск 600
Томск 500

Источник: Авито

После установки некоторые мастера дают гарантию на оказанные услуги и при малейшей жалобе клиента возвращаются устранять недочёты. Другие более халатно относятся к своим заказчикам и редко приезжают на повторные вызовы, оставляя «юзера» наедине с пиратским ПО.

Установка Windows

Фото: Установка Windows. Источник: amacumara.ru

Вам приходилось пользоваться пиратской версией Windows?

ОС за рубежом

С 2015 года пользователи Америки, Великобритании, Испании и других стран Евросоюза стали видеть на своих компьютерах надпись ‒ Get Windows 10 (Получить Виндовс 10). Всплывающее окно появлялось при условии наличия на ПК лицензионной версии ОС 7 или 8.1. Здесь же отображаются цены на новое программное обеспечение. На середину 2019 г. суммы предложения остаются актуальными.

Таблица .3 Стоимость Windows 10 для зарубежных стран

Государство Цена
США 119 USD
Великобритания 99,99 GBP
Испания 135 EUR

Источник:  habr.com

Прошло 4 года с момента появления 10 редакции ОС Виндовс, но иностранные пользователи не особо жалуют новинку. Хотя по популярности она обошла 7 и официально установлена на более чем 700 млн компьютеров. Сначала ПО работает хорошо, но со временем процессы начинают притормаживать. Основная проблема – нехватка места на жёстком диске после неконтролируемых обновлений и непомерного увеличения самой папки Windows.

Для справки! На 2019 год под управлением линейки операционных систем Windows работает более 91% персональных компьютеров мира.

Использоваание Windows

Фото: thecommunity.ru

Когда нужна переустановка Виндовс

Неопытные пользователи не обращают внимание на сигналы компьютера, которые подсказывают о дефектах работы ПО. В целом проблемы делятся на 2 категории: системные и программные. Первые могут быть вызваны загрязнением, перегревом или выходом из строя какой-либо детали. Вторые являются обыденным делом для ПК. Чаще всего сбои появляются, так как за компьютером перестают следить. Здесь, как в автомобиле, требуется делать периодическое ТО. Перечень из 6 симптомов запущенного компьютера выглядит так:

  1. Долго запускается.
  2. Низкая скорость работы программ.
  3. Частые ошибки ПО, вплоть до «синего экрана (экрана смерти)».
  4. Невозможность установить или запустить новые программы.
  5. Множество вирусов.
  6. Непомерно увеличенная папка Windows, которая разрослась настолько, что может занимать более половины места на жёстком диске (60-80 Гб).

Если обнаружена какая-нибудь проблема из перечисленных, значит, подходит время для переустановки Виндовс. Покупать «лицензию» или ставить «пиратку» ‒ личное дело пользователя.

Интересный видеоролик на тему: «За Пиратскую Windows могут посадить!»:

Источник

Корпорация Microsoft готовится к массовому переводу пользователей ноутбуков и десктопов на Windows 11, которая пришла на смену «десятке». Время бежит быстро, так что не стоит удивляться, что последней уже около 6 лет — впервые ее представили в 2015 году.

В целом, Windows 10 — отличная операционная система. Но сейчас речь не о ней, а о ее относительно дальней «родственнице» — операционной системе Windows XP, которой 24 августа исполняется 20 лет. Несмотря на солидный для программного продукта возраст, она до сих пор используется на миллионах устройств. А ведь XP «хоронили» не раз и не два, но она до сих пор занимает определенную долю рынка операционных систем. Под катом — история создания одной из самых успешных ОС в истории.

Почему появилась Windows XP

В начале 2000-х в компании Microsoft понимали, что Windows 98 постепенно устаревает, и нужна новая надежная операционная система с современными возможностями, которая пришла бы на смену предшественнице. Windows 2000 не совсем годилась на эту роль, поскольку была «заточена» под корпорации. Windows ME получилась очень проблемной, так что «в народ» она не пошла. Оставался еще один вариант — написать новую операционную систему.

Забегая наперед, стоит напомнить, что финальная версия XP стала доступной 24 августа 2001 года — примерно через 20 месяцев после выхода Windows 2000 (Win2k). Ее достоинство — «корпоративная» надежность с интуитивно понятным даже не особо опытному пользователю интерфейсом.

Windows XP была построена на базе того же ядра Windows NT, что и Windows 2000, это была первая пользовательская ОС от Microsoft, которая не была основана на MS-DOS и/или на ядре Windows 95. Windows XP получилась весьма удачной операционной системой, которая, при условии правильной эксплуатации, редко «падала» или подводила пользователя иным образом. Конечно, она не лишена проблем, но их гораздо меньше, чем в той же Windows ME.

Начало разработки


Кодовым названием проекта стало Whistler — это гора в Британской Колумбии. Возможно, потому, что один из главных разработчиков очень любил сноуборд и проводил время на горнолыжном курорте на той самой горе. Здесь же любили проводить время и другие представители команды Microsoft. Были версии, которые назывались Odyssey и Janus (а еще Neptune), но основной веткой стала именно Whistler. В конечном итоге от побочных версий было решено отказаться в пользу основного направления работы. Наработки закрытых направлений были объединены и добавлены в Whistler.

Работы над новой ОС стартовали примерно за полгода до выхода Win2k. Команда нового проекта хотела совместить надежность и стабильность Windows 2000 с относительно простым и понятным интерфейсом Windows ME.

На PDC летом 2000 года корпорация Microsoft объявила о том, что новая ОС будет выпущена в первой половине 2001 года. Тогда же была представлена первая сборка системы 2250, которая помогала понять, что представляет собой новая ОС, включая интерфейс.

Спустя несколько месяцев, в конце октября 2000 года, корпорация Microsoft выпустила первую бета-версию Windows XP, это была сборка 2296. Ну а 5 февраля 2001 года корпорация Microsoft объявила о том, что система получит название Windows XP, где XP — это experience, то есть опыт.

Одним из основных руководителей проекта XP был Джек Мэйо, ранее он работал над Exchange Server и Win2k. Он, по словам его коллег, хорошо знал свое дело, умел располагать к себе людей и страшно не любил, когда кто-то пытался показать ему плохую работу под видом хорошей.

Команда проекта часто проводила совещания — иногда по нескольку раз в день. В кабинет, предназначенный для 20 человек, набивалось по полсотни разработчиков, менеджеров и представителей других направлений.

Но вообще в работе над ХР принимали участие около 2000 человек — и большинство из них были очень хорошо мотивированными. По словам представителей команды, принципы работы тогда были совсем иными, чем сейчас, вероятно, в наше время над проектом такого размера принимали бы участие несколько относительно небольших команд.

Особенности Windows XP


Главными нововведениями в новой ОС стали:

  • Новый интерфейс — не обновленный, а именно новый.
  • Функция «удаленный помощник».
  • Возможность восстановления системы в случае сбоев.
  • Улучшенная работа с CD.
  • Встроенный функционал записи на CD (хотя, конечно, были здесь свои недостатки).
  • Возможность работы с архивами ZIP и CAB без использования стороннего ПО.
  • Улучшенная совместимость со старыми программами и играми.
  • Более развитые функции управления системой из командной строки.
  • Поддержка проводником Windows цифровых фотоформатов и аудиофайлов.
  • Настраиваемые панели инструментов.

Еще одной полезной функцией этой ОС было автоматическое определение производительности системы с активацией или отключением определенных визуальных эффектов. Настраивать эти показатели можно и вручную, но система справляется весьма неплохо. Такие функции, как полупрозрачность и прочие, требовали производительной графической подсистемы, которая была далеко не у всех владельцев ПК и ноутбуков. А еще можно было «баловаться» с визуальными стилями ОС — их было несколько по умолчанию, кроме того, сторонние разработчики стали выпускать и собственные стили, некоторые из которых стали довольно популярными.

Успех новинки


Вышла новая ОС 24 августа 2001 года. С течением времени команда разработчиков обновляла ОС, выпуская крупные пакеты обновлений:

  • SP1 вышел примерно через год после выхода операционной системы — 9 сентября 2002 года. Это был один из наиболее критичных апдейтов, поскольку с его появлением Windows получила поддержку USB 2.0 и несколько прочих важных возможностей.
  • SP2 появился через два года после выхода первого пакета. SP2 добавил в Windows XP новые возможности, включая улучшенный файрволл; поддержку Wi-Fi с мастером настройки и Bluetooth, а также улучшения в Internet Explorer 6. плюс ко всему, разработчики сделали систему более безопасной. Появился Центр обеспечения безопасности, который позволял следить за антивирусом, обновлением его баз, изменением настроек браузера и т.п.
  • SP3 вышел в августе 2007 года — сначала он «обкатывался» на ограниченной выборке бета-тестеров. Ну а с 12 декабря того же года пакет обновлений мог загрузить и установить уже любой желающий.

В 2004 году компания Microsoft заявила о продаже 210 млн лицензионных копий Windows XP. Ну а сколько разошлось пиратских копий — остается только догадываться.

Кстати, было довольно много версий этой ОС:

  • Windows XP Professional
  • Windows XP Home Edition
  • Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
  • Windows XP Media Center Edition
  • Windows XP Embedded
  • Windows Embedded POSReady 2009
  • Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
  • Windows XP 64-bit Edition
  • Windows XP Edition N
  • Windows XP Edition K
  • Windows XP Edition KN
  • Windows XP Starter Edition
  • Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs

Windows Vista и «семерка»


Операционная система XP оставалась чрезвычайно популярной многие годы, ее доля рынка почти не снизилась после выхода Windows Vista — во многом, потому, что новая ОС была неудачной. Ситуация изменилась лишь с появлением Windows 7. Тем не менее, Windows XP была слишком хорошей ОС, чтобы обычные пользователи стали добровольно переходить на что-то новое, неизведанное. Корпорации Microsoft пришлось перейти на достаточно агрессивную форму продвижения «семерки», чтобы переход все же стал массовым.

Поддержка большинства вариантов Windows XP закончилась в 2014 году. Но обновления для разных версий ОС, включая Embedded Standard 2009, выпускались вплоть до апреля 2019 года. После этой даты поддержка операционной системы прекратилось, так что именно 2019 год можно назвать годом «смерти» Windows XP.

Но и то — с определенными допущениями, поскольку лично я не раз видел корпоративные системы, которые до сих пор работают на ХР. Последний раз такое устройство я видел пару дней назад — это был банкомат одного из популярных банков одной из стран СНГ. Так что XP еще жива, несмотря на очень солидный возраст.

Что же, остается только поздравить долгожителя с таким успехом и понадеяться на то, что Windows 11 сможет стать достойным преемником своего знаменитого предшественника.

Источник

Пятница, 27 июня, стала последним днем работы в Microsoft основателя корпорации Билла Гейтса. Понедельник, 30 июня, стал последним днем, когда партнеры Microsoft получили копии операционной системы Windows XP, созданной семь лет назад.

Первоначально корпорация Microsoft планировала прекратить поставки Windows ХР еще в январе 2008 года. Тем более что операционная система Windows Vista, на которую, по идее, должны были перейти пользователи XP, поступила в продажу в конце 2006 года.

Но Vista многим не нравилась. Основными причинами этого стали ее высокие требования к «железу», а также несовместимость первых версий Vista с некоторыми устройствами и программами, созданным для Windows XP. В итоге Microsoft под давлением производителей компьютеров продлила срок окончания поставок своей операционной системы Windows XP до конца июня 2008 года.

Их услышали

Перенос корпорацией Microsoft «Часа Х» (точнее «Часа ХР») на конец июня не устроил поклонников XP. Они обратились к руководству корпорации в рамках проекта «Спасите XP!» (Save XP) с просьбой «не убивать Windows XP». По состоянию на 27 июня 2008 года соответствующую петицию подписали более 210 тысяч человек.

— Процессор с тактовой частой 800 мегагерц
— 512 мегабайт оперативной памяти
— 15 гигабайт свободного места на жестком диске

Они боятся, что если Microsoft не будет выпускать обновления для XP, то вскоре компьютеры, работающие под управлением этой операционной системы, окажутся уязвимы. Переходить на Vista пользователи не желают из-за ее нестабильности и высоких аппаратных требований.

Надо полагать, что данный проект сыграл свою роль, когда в Microsoft принимали решение о выпуске крупного пакета обновлений Service Pack 3 для Windows XP. Он появился в конце апреля и объединил все патчи, выпущенные с момента выхода пакета обновлений Service Pack 2 в 2004 году.

— Процессор с тактовой частой 233 мегагерца
— 64 мегабайта оперативной памяти
— 1,5 гигабайта свободного места на жестком диске

Кроме того, неделю назад из письма старшего вице-президента Microsoft Билла Вегте мир узнал, что Microsoft будет выпускать патчи и обновления для Windows XP до 2014 года. Основной причиной данного шага называется нежелание ряда крупных клиентов Microsoft переходить на Windows Vista.

Одним из таких клиентов стала компания Intel. Ее руководство приняло решение не переводить 80 тысяч корпоративных компьютеров на Windows Vista, а дождаться появления Windows 7. Последняя должна выйти в начале 2010 года.

Такое решение менеджментом Intel было принято после тщательного изучения Windows Vista и тестовой эксплуатации данной операционной системы в нескольких отделах. В итоге руководство компании, проанализировав все плюсы и минусы от перехода на Vista, а также сопоставив их со связанными с этим процессом издержками, не нашло убедительных аргументов в пользу новой операционной системы.

По данным аналитической компании Gartner, примеру Intel готовы последовать около 30 процентов крупных корпоративных клиентов Microsoft.

История повторяется

Наверное, в какой-то момент ситуация вокруг Windows Vista заставила Microsoft понервничать. Ведь что-то похожее компания пережила в 2000-2001 годах с операционной системой Windows Millennium Edition, известной просто как Windows Me.

Выпущена операционная система была в сентябре 2000 года. По задумке Microsoft, Windows Me должна была сменить на рынке Windows 98.

Однако тогда у Microsoft ничего не получилось. Новая операционная система оказалась недоработанной и менее совместимой с компьютерным «железом», чем ее предшественница. Кроме того, Windows Me была нестабильна, и некоторые пользователи переустанавливали ее по нескольку раз в месяц.

В итоге Microsoft решила отказаться от Windows Me, вернуть пользователям Windows 98, а вскоре выпустить полюбившуюся в будущем миллионам Windows XP.

Сказать, что Windows Vista в настоящее время повторяет судьбу Windows Me, нельзя. Умудренная опытом корпорация Microsoft вряд ли оступится еще раз.

Продажи Windows Vista свидетельствуют о том, что, несмотря на сложности, операционная система победно шагает по миру. В частности, за первый месяц продаж было реализовано 20 миллионов копий операционной системы. При этом 17 миллионов копий Windows XP было продано лишь за два месяца. Всего, по состоянию на апрель текущего года, Microsoft удалось реализовать 140 миллионов копий операционной системы Windows Vista.

Не все потеряно

Несмотря на окончание поставок операционной системы Winodws XP 30 июня 2008 года, останутся счастливчики, которые смогут приобрести компьютер с предустановленной XP и после этой даты.

Производители ультрабюджетных компьютеров получили право устанавливать на них Windows XP Home до середины 2010 года. В России из таких машин в настоящее время продаются ноутбуки Asus Eee PC и MSI Wind. Стоят они от 10 тысяч рублей. Всего же в мире в ближайшее время на прилавках появится более десятка моделей подобных устройств.

В начале июня президент Asus Джерри Шэн заявил, что в 2008 году его компания планирует продать более пяти миллионов ультрабюджетных ноутбуков Еее РС. Всего же рынок ультрабюджетных ноутбуков в 2008 году Шэн оценил в десять миллионов лэптопов.

Соответственно, если бы Microsoft полностью отказалась от продаж Windows XP, то уже в этому году потеряла бы часть рынка, так как все эти десять миллионов компьютеров были бы проданы с предустановленной операционной системой на базе ядра Linux.

Но в Microsoft работают умные люди. Поэтому о том, как в будущем могли бы изменить рынок миллионы пользователей, освоивших Linux-системы, можно лишь гадать.

Не все потеряно и для покупателей более мощных компьютеров, поставляемых с Windows Vista.

В частности, компания Dell, воспользовавшись лазейкой в лицензии Microsoft, предлагает сделать даунгрейд операционной системы Vista Business и Vista Ultimate до Windows XP Professional. Для покупателей ноутбуков серий Latitude, OptiPlex и Precision эта услуга бесплатна. При покупке бюджетного лэптопа Vostro за даунгрейд придется заплатить 50 долларов.

Кроме того, несмотря на прекращение отгрузки корпорацией Microsoft коробочных версий Windows XP, у продавцов еще остались на складах копии этой операционной системы.

Так что все поклонники Windows XP могут бежать в магазин и впрок запастись любимой ОС.

Источник

Официальный «конец жизни» Windows XP наступил 14 апреля 2014 года

Сегодня, 25 октября 2021 года, исполняется ровно 20 лет с того дня, как компания Microsoft выпустила операционную систему Windows XP. Эта ОС Microsoft оказалась настолько успешной, что даже теперь, спустя столько лет, она всё ещё занимает заметную долю среди компьютеров с установленной Windows.

Держится бодрячком: сегодня Windows XP исполнилось 20 лет, и она установлена более чем на 9 млн ПК

Официальный «конец жизни» Windows XP наступил 14 апреля 2014 года. Это означает, что Microsoft не выпускала важных технических апдейтов и обновлений безопасности для ОС уже более семи лет. 

Тем не менее, по статистике Statcounter по состоянию на сентябрь 2021 года, доля Windows XP насчитывает 0,59%, обгоняя значительно более «молодую», но менее популярную Windows Vista (0,26%). Доля Windows 10 составляет 79,84%.

Ещё весной Microsoft отчитывалась о 1,3 миллиардах компьютерах на основе Windows 10 по всему миру, не считая остальных версий ОС. Составив нехитрую пропорцию можно подсчитать, что на Windows XP сейчас могут работать более 9 миллионов компьютеров. 

Критически важный рубеж в 1% был пройден Windows XP лишь в конце 2020 года, а по состоянию на август 2020 года, 19-летняя ОС была установлена на 1,26% всех ноутбуков и десктопов в мире — это миллионы компьютеров. 

Microsoft уже давно сообщает на официальной странице поддержки Windows XP:

Если вы продолжите использовать Windows XP после окончания поддержки, ваш компьютер по-прежнему будет работать, но может стать уязвимым для вирусов и других угроз безопасности. Кроме того, прекращена поддержка Internet Explorer 8, поэтому использование этого браузера на компьютере с Windows XP связано с дополнительным риском. Так как большинство производителей продолжает оптимизировать своё оборудование и программы для последних версий Windows, вы также можете обнаружить, что многие приложения и устройства не работают с Windows XP».

25 октября 2021 в 14:01

| Теги: Windows, Microsoft

| Источник: TechRadar

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Содержание

  1. Кому в 2022 нужна Windows XP
  2. Где используется в 2022
  3. Для интернета не подходит
  4. Какой ПК нужен для более поздних версий
  5. Единственная причина оставить систему на домашнем ПК
  6. Windows XP в 2022 году: несколько программ и многие веб-сайты не работают
  7. Некоторые программы по-прежнему поддерживают Windows XP
  8. Серфинг в Интернете с XP, одиссея
  9. За пределами Windows XP есть жизнь
  10. ОС Windows XP официально мертва, теперь окончательно
  11. Как продолжать использовать Windows XP в 2022 году
  12. Содержание
  13. Бесплатные антивирусы для Windows XP в 2022 году
  14. Avast Free Antivirus
  15. Comodo Internet Security Premium
  16. FortiClient
  17. Huorong Internet Security
  18. Panda Free Antivirus
  19. Rising Internet Security Personal
  20. WiseVector StopX
  21. Zillya! Антивирус Бесплатный
  22. ZoneAlarm Free Antivirus + Firewall
  23. 360 Total Security
  24. Комплексные антивирусы для Windows XP в 2022 году
  25. Dr.Web Security Space
  26. eScan Total Security Suite
  27. K7 Ultimate Security
  28. Quick Heal Total Security
  29. Интернет-браузеры для Windows XP в 2022 году
  30. Firefox ESR 52.9.0 (2018)
  31. Яндекс.Браузер 17.4.1 (2017)
  32. Google Chrome 49.0.2623.112 (2016)
  33. Установка всех официальных обновлений для Windows XP
  34. Установка неофициальных защитных патчей
  35. Стоит ли использовать Windows XP в 2022 году?
  36. Плюсы и минусы Windows XP обзор, преимущества Windows XP
  37. Windows XP в 2022 году — плюсы и минусы, обзор, актуальность
  38. Системные требования Windows XP в 2022 году (минимальные и рекомендуемые)
  39. Итак, плюсы и минусы Windows XP — преимущества Windows XP
  40. Итак, главные плюсы Windows XP:
  41. Минусы Windows XP:
  42. Master 24
  43. Похожие статьи
  44. Vivo Funtouch OS 11 — обзор мобильной операционной системы
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  47. Huawei Harmony OS 2.0 в России (Хармони ОС) — как установить
  48. 11 Комментариев

Кому в 2022 нужна Windows XP

Порой пользователи спрашивают меня, разумно ли использовать Windows XP в 2022 году. В большинстве случаев — нет, но есть нюансы.

Поддержка XP давно прекращена, более того — Windows 7 с января 2020 также не поддерживается. Это означает, что не будет ни обновлений, ни патчей. Даже современный софт зачастую несовместим с операционной системой, которая долгие годы была основной платформой большинства ПК.

Давно устаревшая операционная система очень уязвима для вредоносного ПО.

Где используется в 2022

Тем временем XP продолжают применять, в том числе и профессионалы. Надежные ноутбуки авторемонтных мастерских с проверенным диагностическим ПО порой до сих пор работают под управлением древней ОС. Они необходимы для совместимости с автомобилями той эпохи. ПО может попросту не запускаться в новых системах. Компьютеры не подключены к интернету, а если и подключены, то онлайн-соединение не применяется ни для чего другого, кроме обслуживания софта. Подобный подход к использованию относительно безопасен.

Применяется XP в производственных цехах и процессах автоматизации заводов. Подобные системы не меняются до тех пор, пока удовлетворяют потребности производства. Система легкая и ее возможностей вполне достаточно для выполнения своих задач. Как правило, компьютеры под ее управлением работают без соединения с Глобальной Сетью.

Для интернета не подходит

Старый ноутбук или стационарный ПК, выпущенный в те времена, когда XP была молодой и актуальной ОС, все равно не получится применять для комфортной навигации в интернете. С немалой вероятностью, его графический процессор не способен декодировать современные видеокодеки. В итоге часть видеоконтента воспроизводиться не станет. И сложные современные сайты не станут нормально отображаться.

Какой ПК нужен для более поздних версий

Использование компьютера с XP для интернета перестало быть хорошей идеей, начиная с 2014 года. Порадую: большинство ПК 2005 года выпуска (и более позднего) способны работать под управлением Windows 7. Если процессор двухъядерный, его кэш-память не менее 1 мегабайта, а ОЗУ хотя 1 гигабайт — подойдет «семерка» или один из многочисленных дистрибутивов Linux.

Если процессор i3 (или более производительный), а оперативной памяти не менее 8 гигабайт, на таком ПК будет комфортно работать с «десяткой».

Единственная причина оставить систему на домашнем ПК

Тем не менее, XP на домашнем компьютере в некоторых случаях и сегодня не лишена смысла. Пример: Pentium 4, предназначенный специально для старого, но необходимого, ПО, которое в «десятке» не запустится, а ставить на него «семерку» уже бессмысленно.

Продолжая использовать XP, помните о вероятных проблемах:

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Windows XP в 2022 году: несколько программ и многие веб-сайты не работают

Что сделало Windows XP такой особенной? Это была красивая, доступная и простая в использовании операционная система. И на протяжении всех трех пакетов обновлений он постепенно улучшался, получая новые функции (например, свой знаменитый брандмауэр) и исправление всевозможных ошибок и проблем. То, что Vista была его наследницей, заставляло пользователей гораздо больше хотеть остаться с XP.

Некоторые программы по-прежнему поддерживают Windows XP

Серфинг в Интернете с XP, одиссея

Эта операционная система не готова к работе в современном Интернете. Браузеры (например, Chrome) больше не работаем, поэтому мы не может быть по последним стандартам для подключения. Версия Chrome не только труднодоступна, но и опасна. И нам лучше не говорить о том, как это было бы перемещаться с помощью Internet Explorer что пришло с XP…

За пределами Windows XP есть жизнь

По-прежнему можно бесплатно загрузить Windows XP для использования на старом ПК или на виртуальной машине. Хотя никому не следует думать об установке этой системы с нуля на новый компьютер, как они не стали бы устанавливать, например, Windows 98. Более того, мы помним, что несколько месяцев назад полный исходный код Windows XP произошла утечка, поэтому хакеры могут узнать все его секреты и найти способы атаковать пользователей, о которых мы никогда раньше не догадывались.

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ОС Windows XP официально мертва, теперь окончательно

9572c665125278083d5a9ee26d255c08
Всем нравилась поисковая собака из XP, верно?

Большинство пользователей похоронили Windows XP более 5 лет назад. Но преданные фанаты и заложники экосистемы вместе все еще продолжали использовать эту операционную систему, идя на различные ухищрения для поддержания ее вегетативного состояния. Но время шло, и Windows XP наконец достигла конца пути, так как последний её все еще поддерживаемый вариант — POSReady 2009 — больше официально не поддерживается.

Точка невозврата пройдена.

image loader
Скриншот neowin.net.

Windows Embedded POSReady 2009, которая, как следует из ее названия, предназначена в первую очередь для запуска приложений, которые привлекают внимание покупателей восклицаниями вроде ​«Свободная касса!» наконец-то совершенно лишилась своей официальной поддержки в апреле 2019, что ознаменовало абсолютное завершение впечатляющего срока эксплуатации для столь массового семейства операционных систем.

Британский ритейлер Boots демонстрирует старый экран входа в Windows XP на терминале самообслуживания в своем магазине в Ислингтоне:
ae2612fc890015602068751cd8036772
Фото торговой точки с Windows POSready 2009 theregister.co.uk

Обнаруженный читателем Register, POS-терминал радостно отображает старую страницу входа в систему XP, хотя сотрудники поместили перед машиной перевернутую корзину, чтобы покупатели не дотрагивались до нее.

Windows XP уже давно не поддерживается. Тем не менее, некоторые издания задержались на годы после официальной даты смерти. Версия Embedded Standard 2009 наконец-то была отключена в январе, а расширенная поддержка воплощения в виде Embedded POSReady 2009 завершилась 9 апреля.

Несколькими днями до этого, 5 апреля 2019 года, Microsoft выпустила последнее обновление для «последнего из могикан» с номером KB4487990, в котором исправлялись часовые пояса для Сан-Томе и Принсипи и казахстанской Кызылорды.

После этого наступила мертвая тишина. Корпорация выключила все системы обеспечения жизнедеятельности. Пациент мертв и более никогда не выйдет из комы.

Глобальная поддержка большинства вариантов Windows XP, к сожалению, закончилась еще в 2014 году, на фоне громких воплей и скрежета зубов, когда предприятия поняли, что им внезапно, придется куда-то перейти с привычной платформы. XP была доступна для установки с 2001 года, но благодаря тому, что многие пропустили катастрофическую Vista и задали этим тренд отказа от апдейта, значительное количество рабочих станции с XP оставались в живых и по сей день.

К счастью, Windows 7 была настолько хороша, что большинство людей смогло просто начать ей пользоваться. Но не все. Windows XP стала первой ОС, которая серьезно пострадала от проблемы под названием «слишком хороша, чтобы бросить», из-за которой конечные пользователи отказывались обновляться еще достаточно долго после того, как ОС пережила свои золотые годы.

Это было частично реакцией на Windows Vista и частично результатом необычайно долгого пребывания XP в статусе флагмана. Когда Билл Гейтс решил сделать основной упор на безопасность в Windows XP с пакетом обновления 2 (SP2), Microsoft не стала заниматься ребрендингом или выпуском новой версии ОС, несмотря на ряд существенных изменений. До XP Microsoft довольно быстро перебирала свои потребительские операционные системы: в 1992 году — Windows 3.1, затем — Windows 95, 98 и Windows 2k и ME в 2000 году. Срок полномочий XP оказался значительно дольше — она была основной потребительской ОС Microsoft более пяти лет (2001-2006) и продолжала оставаться популярной на рынке до выхода Windows 7 в 2009 году.

Эта долговечность иногда может быть просто раздражающей. Явившись на свет в последние дни популярности флоппи-дисков, Windows XP сразу страдала одним из врожденных недостатков — невозможностью вручную загружать драйверы дискового контроллера с чего-либо, кроме дискеты, что уже очень раздражало в конце срока службы этой ОС при использовании контроллеров с AHCI или RAID. (Да, можно было внедрить драйверы в новые копии Windows XP, записанные на диск. Однако было довольно неприятно постоянно записывать новые копии Windows XP.)

В эпоху XP Microsoft усвоил некоторые уроки о том, как трудно заставить людей перезжать с версии ОС, которую они любили и хотели бы продолжать использовать, на новую версию. Скорее всего, именно этот опыт стал причиной подхода к Windows 10 как к вечному, постоянно обновляемому продукту — хотя Microsoft также предприняла несколько шагов, чтобы ослабить эту политику и вернуть дополнительный контроль пользователям.

Некоторые крупные пользователи, такие как британское правительство, поддерживали пламя жизни в умирающей Windows XP и после 2014 года, выплачивая значительные суммы в фунтах стерлингов Microsoft за персональный доступ к обновлениям, в то время как другие обнаружили, что «маскировка» устаревающей операционной системы своих компьютеров под «POSReady» с помощью определенных изменений в реестре позволит получать обновления безопасности еще довольно продолжительное время.

Несмотря на то, что устаревшие (с точки зрения безопасности) компьютеры с Windows XP оставались благодатной почвой для распостранения вирусов, в некоторых случаях машины под управлением этой ОС фактически срывали планы злоумышленников. По крайней мере, так было во время одной из недавних вспышек вредоносного ПО WannaCry в 2017 году, когда было обнаружено, что компьютеры с XP слишком часто падали в BSOD и «притворялись мертвыми», что мешало распространению вируса, чей эксплоит не срабатывал «как надо».

«Непропатченные» компьютеры с Windows 7 стали главной целью для хакеров, которых особенно смутил Маркус Хатчинс, нашедший глобальный «выключатель» эпидемии WannaCry.

Стоит помнить, что и для Windows 7 корпорация Microsoft назначила дату казни в 2020 году, которая уже совсем не за горами.

В то время как Microsoft с радостью предлагает перейти на Windows 10 или Windows 10 Pro для компьютеров POSReady 2009, имеющееся у пользователей аппаратное обеспечение вряд ли сможет извлечь из этого пользу, так как из-за возросших системных требований и оно подлежит замене.

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Bliss, оригинальное фото Chuck O’Rear

Что ж, раз обновлений больше не будет, настало время собраться у костра с пылающими лицензионными соглашениями, взяться за руки и петь поминальные песни, глядя на обои с
безмятежными зелеными полями.

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Изображение extremetech.com

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Как продолжать использовать Windows XP в 2022 году

Пользователи, которые по каким-либо причинам продолжают использовать операционную систему Windows XP, должны задуматься о безопасности системы и личных данных. Поддержка Windows XP была завершена 8 апреля 2014 года, а расширенная поддержка закончена 9 апреля 2019. Отсутствие обновления и исправлений безопасности не протяжении многих лет сделали эту систему особо уязвимой для хакерских атак и вредоносных программ, а также сетевых и интернет-угроз.

В первую очередь, безопасную работу в Windows XP в 2022 году обеспечат использование операционной системы с последним пакетом обновлений SP3, а также со всеми установленными обновлениями от Microsoft. Немаловажным является и использование антивируса с обновляемыми вирусными базами, а также использование свежих версий интернет-браузера и других программ. Рассмотрим, какие антивирусы и интернет браузеры ещё актуальны для использования в операционной системе Windows XP.

Содержание

Бесплатные антивирусы для Windows XP в 2022 году

Проверим, какие бесплатные антивирусы и их версии ещё актуальны в 2022 году и имеют поддержку Windows XP. Для этого установим их и проверим, получают ли они обновления вирусных баз, а также поищем официальную информацию вендоров о поддержке Windows XP. Для теста, мы будем использовать операционную систему Windows XP SP3 (32-bit) со всеми установленными обновлениями системы, по состоянию на 1 апреля 2022 года. В обзор не попали антивирусы, которые выдавали различные ошибки во время и после установки, ошибки при попытке обновления баз, или ошибки соединения с сервером обновления.

Avast Free Antivirus

Comodo Internet Security Premium

FortiClient

Huorong Internet Security

Разработчики антивируса Huorong Internet Security официально поддерживают Windows XP, поэтому для установки доступна новейшая версия антивируса Huorong Internet Security. Вирусные базы и сам антивирус продолжат обновляться, пока разработчики не сообщат о завершении поддержки Windows XP.

Panda Free Antivirus

Антивирусные продукты линейки Panda Dome официально продолжают поддерживать Windows XP. Бесплатный антивирус Panda Free Antivirus с облачным анализом доступен для установки и получает регулярные обновления до новых версий и обновления вирусных баз.

Rising Internet Security Personal

Rising Internet Security Personal обеспечивает защиту от вредоносных программ и интернет-угроз. После установки версии 23.2.23.91 она обновилась до 23.2.39.33 и сообщает что версия актуальна.

WiseVector StopX

WiseVector StopX – бесплатный антивирус на базе искусственного интеллекта c защитой от вирусов и новейших угроз в режиме реального времени. Новейшие версии антивируса официально поддерживают операционную систему Windows XP.

Zillya! Антивирус Бесплатный

ZoneAlarm Free Antivirus + Firewall

360 Total Security

Антивирус 360 Total Security обеспечивает не только защиту от вирусов и вредоносных программ, но и включает функции оптимизации и ускорения системы. Разработчики ещё не отказались от поддержки Windows XP, поэтому пользователи этой системы могут установить новейшую версию антивируса и получать регулярные обновления.

В итоге, у нас получился небольшой список бесплатных антивирусов для Windows XP SP3, актуальных по состоянию на 01.04.2022. Некоторые антивирусы поддерживают Windows XP только до определённой версии, а некоторые поддерживаются до сих пор:

Комплексные антивирусы для Windows XP в 2022 году

Рассмотрим, какие разработчики антивирусов предлагают платные версии антивирусов с поддержкой Windows XP. В этой категории мы обойдём стороной предложения разработчиков, чьи антивирусы уже упоминались среди бесплатных, так как в большинстве случаев поддержка Windows XP распространяется и на платные версии перечисленных антивирусов. Учитывая высокую уязвимость операционной системы Windows XP, как и в случае с бесплатными антивирусами, будем рассматривать максимально функциональные версии антивирусов.

Dr.Web Security Space

Компания Doctor Web сообщила, что полная поддержка комплексного антивирусного решения Dr.Web Security Space будет осуществляться до 30.06.2022 года для физических лиц и до 30.01.2024 для корпоративных клиентов. Это означает не только обновление антивирусных баз и версии антивирусной программы, но и оказание технической поддержки пользователям.

eScan Total Security Suite

Комплексный антивирус eScan Total Security Suite, включающий облачные технологии, фаервол, родительский контроль и контроль приложений также поддерживает установку и работу в операционной системе Windows XP.

K7 Ultimate Security

Комплексное антивирусное решение K7 Ultimate Security включает антивирус, интернет-защиту, сетевой экран, родительский контроль и функцию резервного копирования. Поддержка Windows XP заявлена в системных требованиях на официальном сайте. После установки, антивирус обновил вирусные базы до новейшей версии.

Quick Heal Total Security

Комплексное антивирусное решение Quick Heal Total Security официально продолжает поддержку Windows XP. После установки, антивирус обновил вирусные базы до новейшей версии.

В итоге, мы имеем четыре платных комплексных антивируса, которые официально поддерживают Windows XP.

Интернет-браузеры для Windows XP в 2022 году

Учитывая, что большинство интернет браузеров построено на нескольких популярных движках, выбор наиболее нового браузера для Windows XP не особо велик. Прекращение поддержки Windows XP разработчиками кодовой базы популярных браузерных движков, означает и прекращение поддержки Windows XP всеми браузерами на их основе.

Firefox ESR 52.9.0 (2018)

Интернет браузер Firefox ESR 52.9.0 с долгосрочной поддержкой является последней версией интернет браузера от Mozilla, которая работает в Windows XP. Начиная с версии 53, поддержка Windows XP официально прекращена. С момента выхода версии Firefox ESR 52.9.0 прошло всего три года, и эта версия интернет браузера является наиболее свежей для использования в операционной системе Windows XP

На базе последних версий Firefox с поддержкой Windows XP, также доступны интернет-браузеры Pale Moon 26.5.0 и SeaMonkey 2.49.5.

Яндекс.Браузер 17.4.1 (2017)

Компания Яндекс объявила, что Яндекс.Браузер 17.4.1 будет последней версией с поддержкой Windows XP. Яндекс.Браузер основан на кодовой базе Chromium и включает интеграцию с различными сервисами Яндекса.

Google Chrome 49.0.2623.112 (2016)

На базе последних версий Chromium, которая поддерживает Windows XP, можно также установить интернет-браузеры Opera 36.0.21.30.80 и Vivaldi 1.0.435.46, которые также работают в Windows XP.

Установка всех официальных обновлений для Windows XP

Установив операционную систему Windows XP с пакетом обновлений SP3, вы можете столкнуться с проблемами установки дополнительных обновлений системы, выпущенных за время официальной поддержки операционной системы. Это может быть связано с просроченными сертификатами, устаревшей версией Internet Explorer, недоступностью серверов обновлений и другими факторами.

Наиболее удобным способом получить максимально обновлённую версию операционной системы Windows XP, является её обновление с помощью комплексных пакетов обновлений от сторонних сборщиков, которые включают обновления и патчи от Microsoft и устанавливаются в пару кликов.

Например, можно использовать пакет обновлений UpdatePack-XPSP3-Rus Live от simplix. Этот набор включает не только обновления для Windows XP SP3, но и обновления для Windows Media Player 9-11 и Internet Explorer 6-8.

Установка неофициальных защитных патчей

0patch Agent имеет платную и бесплатную версии. В бесплатной версии доступны патчи для уязвимостей, затрагивающие преимущественно домашних пользователей, а также патчи для исправления уязвимостей нулевого дня.

Стоит ли использовать Windows XP в 2022 году?

Не смотря на то, что операционная система уже давно не поддерживается и морально устарела, у пользователей, которые по каким-то причинам продолжают ей пользоваться, есть возможности немного обезопасить себя от уязвимостей и угроз безопасности.

А пользуетесь ли вы или ваши знакомые операционной системой Windows XP дома или на работе?

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Плюсы и минусы Windows XP обзор, преимущества Windows XP

plusy i minusy windows xp 1

Windows XP в 2022 году — плюсы и минусы, обзор, актуальность

Windows XP в 2022 году: уже более чем 20 лет «икспиха» работает и поддерживает много программ. Разве мог тогда знать создатель вакцин от коронавируса Билл Гейтс что будет такая популярность его детища)))

Итак, сегодня в этом посте я хочу рассказать Вам об очень удачной, самой старенькой из современных ОС системе, а именно о легендарной Windows XP )).

Дело в том, что до сих пор остались узко специализированные программы для Windows xp 32 bit, которые запускаются только на xp и только 32 бит! Хотя в природе и существует и 64 бит.

Есть конечно и Windows 2000, и Windows 98, они еще быстрее чем Windows XP но не поддерживают современные программы и приложения, это уже история…

Есть еще организации, работающие на XP — софт у них старый и узкоспециализированный и заточен строго под «хрюшу», вот и сидят на этой ОС)).

vse o windows xp 1Рабочий стол Windows XP

Операционка Windows XP (Xрюша в народе) — была выпущена в продажу 25 октября 2001 года. Буквы «XP» — это от англ. яз. experience — «впечатления», «опыт». Кстати, ядро системы было написано еще раньше — в 1999 году!

Системные требования Windows XP в 2022 году (минимальные и рекомендуемые)

Минимальные системные требования:

Рекомендуемые системные требования:

Итак, плюсы и минусы Windows XP — преимущества Windows XP

Винда Windows XP — это одна из самых удачных операционных систем в истории Microsoft! Пользователям она запомнилось как стабильная система, «рабочая лошадка» для дома и офисов.

И несомненно, легкая операционная система виндовс xp для слабых пк будет просто спасением. Так как никакая другая «ось» просто не установится.

Итак, главные плюсы Windows XP:

Минусы Windows XP:

ВЫВОД: Windows xp для слабых компьютеров подходит просто идеально! Во всех остальных случаях лучше устанавливать что-то более современное, хотя бы «семерку».

Учитывая что на Яндекс Маркете все ще продается «хрюша» — Windows XP в 2022 году я думаю чувствует себя неплохо)). Если вас заинтересовали операционные системы, то у меня есть статья про крупные обновления Виндовс 10.

В этом мире все бывает, поэтому кому если надо Windows XP лиценз., посмотрите на Яндекс.Маркет!

Master 24

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11 Комментариев

Оставляйте комментарии, пишите как вам статья. Что вы думаете об этой Винде? У кого то ещё стоит икспиха?

Все равно придет время и с windows xp придется «слезать». А это время придет……….. :wpds_cry:

Хрюша жива и будет жить в сердцах простых людей еще очень много веков! Мы помним и любим тебя, хрюш!

Да забудут наверное скоро про нее, время не стоит на месте. Я даже уверен что скоро что то новое будет уже после Windows 10, и десятка уйдет в историю. Но 10 уйдет не вот прям сейчас но лет через 10 я думаю точно. И войдет она в историю как самая стабильная ОС, наравне с Windows XP и Windows 7. Ведь с 2014 года десятку допиливают и допиливают, ее очень хорошо оптимизировали уже за это время.

на стационарке стоит хр, на ноут поставил 64 версию и все 8 гб видны. летает. замечательно. и под ссд всё настраивается. лучше этой системы не было и вряд ли будет

Разберу некоторые аругменты крытики:

* Давно уже прекращена поддержка Microsoft, обновления не выпускаются с 2014 года — есть хакерский SP4 с патчами безопасности до 2019 года.
* Невозможно установить много оперативной памяти (ОЗУ), она попросту не увидится — на сайте «retrosystemsrevival» есть патч для расширения видения системой ОЗУ до 128 Гб.
* Не “заточена” для работы с SSD дисками — пишу это с Виндовс, установленной на SSD. XP не имеет функции TRIMM, но это можно делать с помощью прикладной программы «O&O Defrag v18.10».
* В Windows XP нет автоматического выхода из зависшей программы. Если вдруг “зависнет” браузер, придется перезагружать компьютер — а диспетчер задач для чего? С помощью него можно выключить зависшую программу без перезагрузки.
* Для многих современных принтеров, сканеров, современных МФУ отсутствуют драйвера — мое новое МФУ имеет драйвера для печати на ХР, но для сканирования нет, и эту проблему решила программа VueScan, что запускает новые сканера на ХР. Должна быть подобная программа и для печати с драверами всех принтеров.

Смысл операционный системы Windows это в первую очередь возможность запускать приложения на её основе. С этой точки зрения реальные смысловые недостатки это:
— отсутствие поддержки данной операционной системы ​в современных приложениях,
— отсутствие драйверов новых устройств,
— отсутствие поддержки последних версий и прочих API.
А вот то, что недостатком по сути не является, а лишь особенностью это необходимость дополнительной установки кодеков и программ для создания рабочей среды, чтобы обеспечить удобство, схожее с более современными ОС. Таких программ существует предостаточно.

Смысл операционный системы Windows это в первую очередь возможность запускать приложения на её основе. С этой точки зрения реальные смысловые недостатки это:
– отсутствие поддержки данной операционной системы ​в современных приложениях (например Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, OBS и т.д.),
– отсутствие драйверов новых устройств,
– отсутствие поддержки последних версий DirectX и прочих API.
А вот то, что недостатком по сути не является, а лишь особенностью это необходимость дополнительной установки кодеков и программ для создания рабочей среды, чтобы обеспечить удобство, схожее с более современными ОС. Таких программ существует предостаточно.
Для оборудования не первой свежести и определённых задач преимущества очевидны:
— не нужен быстрый носитель вроде SSD, для новых ОС это критично
— по сравнению с новыми ОС занимает очень мало места на диске
— не требует и прочих ресурсов CPU, RAM, GPU
Для новых устройств эта ОС скорей всего не даёт никаких преимуществ. Отдельное старое ПО зачастую хорошо запускается в виртуальных машинах, но не всем подходит этот вариант.

Очень хорошее наблюдение, спасибо что уделили время на написание столь длинного комментария! Со всем написанным согласен. Для XP да, SSD вообще ничего не даст))

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